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Fungus on the nails of the fingers or onychomycosis is a nail infection by dermatophyte fungi. Until recently, the treatment consisted in the complete removal of the nail plate, but often the new nail grew damaged. Today they are used in medicine effective methods fight against onychomycosis, allowing you to quickly and permanently forget about this problem.

What does an affected nail look like?

Manifestations of onychomycosis are different, depending on the degree of damage and individual characteristics nail plate. Depending on the visual changes, there are different types of nail fungus:

If the color of the nail changes, whitish spots and stripes appear, while the thickness of the nail does not change, then this is a normotrophic type of lesion.
If thickening and thickening of the nail, loss of luster is added to the previous signs, then they speak of a hypertrophic type of disease.
If the nail plate begins to die off and be rejected, this is an atrophic type of onychomycosis.

Depending on the different localization of the fungus, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

the effect of the fungus at the very edge of the nail indicates a distal form;
the nail is affected on the sides - this is a lateral form;
damage at the base of the nail indicates a proximal form;
the spread of the fungus throughout the nail plate is called the total form.

The affected nail becomes cloudy, keratinization of the nail bed begins, which leads to its thickening. An untreated fungus spreads over time throughout the entire thickness of the nail plate and affects other fingernails.

How is onychomycosis transmitted?

The disease is provoked by fungal infections that get on the skin of the hands or clothes through a handshake, household items at home, in gym, bath, sauna and any in public places. The fungus is a very viable infection. The most favorable for its reproduction is pH 6-6.7. At healthy person this indicator is at the level of 5.5, so hitting the nail in people with good immunity the fungus is quite difficult. But if the body is weakened, or a person long time is in a humid environment, he has excessive sweating of his hands - then the fungus will easily settle on the nail plate.

The process of infection itself is very simple - a dry hair or skin flake from a fungus-affected person gets to a healthy area and the microorganism begins to multiply. The fungus is very stable in a dry environment, it does not kill it, but simply suspends activity. On dead scales or hairs, it can live for years and is able to activate when it enters a favorable environment.

The likelihood of developing fingernail fungus increases with age. There are some types of diseases whose carriers are also at risk:

diabetes;
immunodeficiency virus;
oncological diseases varying degrees gravity;
psoriasis.

How the disease is diagnosed

When diagnosing, it is important to distinguish onychomycosis from non-fungal nail deformities, which are no less common. An experienced dermatologist may assume the presence of a pathogenic fungus, but the disease is diagnosed by scraping the affected scales from the nail plate.

The analysis, as a rule, is assigned to identify the following types of nail fungus:

Trichophyton rubrum;
Trichophyton tonsurans;
Trichophyton interdigitale;
Microsporum canis;
Epidermophyton floccosum.

On the eve of sampling, do not use medicated creams or hand ointments. The surface of the nail must be clean, any varnish must first be removed.

Pharmaceutical treatment of onychomycosis

To treat the disease, a dermatologist prescribes modern antifungal drugs. They not only quickly kill the fungus - from 2 weeks to 3 months, depending on the degree of damage - but also remain in the nail plate for up to 12 months, preventing reinfection and speeding up the healing process.

Active ingredient antifungal ointments is naftifine, terbinafine, ciclopirox, azole, butenafin. Here is some of them:

Exoderil;
Lamisil;
Butenafine;
Clotrimazole;
Fenticonazole;
Itraconazole.

In addition to ointments, medicated nail polishes can be prescribed. They are applied only 2 times a week, are light and easy to use: Loceryl; demicten; exoderil; batrafen, mycosan.

For the treatment of nail fungus in the atrophic stage, patches with a peeling effect are used - they knead the nail plate, after which the layers can be easily peeled off. The patch is changed every 3-4 days and applied until complete removal nail. These funds include Onychoplast, Nogtevit, Nogtimycin.

As an alternative or to enhance the effect of external treatment, tablet preparations are prescribed:

Mycomax;
Ketoconazole;
Terbinafil;
Fluconazole;
Orungal.

Favorably differs from the daily intake of tablets method of pulse therapy. The drugs are taken in 3 courses lasting 7 days. There is a 3-week break between courses.

Folk methods of dealing with onychomycosis

On the initial stages diseases, you can use folk remedies. They are quite effective against various kinds nail fungus, but the treatment process may take longer:

Propolis. Apply to clean nails bee product and leave overnight. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.
Garlic with butter. Combine the grated garlic clove with butter room temperature, apply at night, securing with a plaster or bandage.
Iodine. Make a grid on the affected nail with an iodine solution, at night, 3 times a week.
Celandine. Pour a glass of boiling water over a freshly picked plant and let it brew. Dip your fingers into the warm solution and hold for 15-20 minutes. These baths should be taken daily until the fungus disappears.

How to prepare nails before treatment

The effectiveness of treatment largely depends on the depth of penetration of the drug into the nail plate. To help the active substance get to the pathogenic fungus, it is necessary to prepare the nails before applying ointments, varnishes, patching or home compresses:

Wash your hands thoroughly and steam them in a hot soapy soda bath for 15 minutes. The bath is prepared at the rate of: a tablespoon of soap and soda per liter of water.
Try to remove the soaked top layer of the nail with a nail file.
Dry your hands and only then apply the medicine.

Disinfection

A very important and difficult task is the disinfection of the premises and household items. Without these measures, the treatment of the fungus will not bring results:

It is necessary to process floors, walls, personal hygiene items, manicure accessories, clothes, bed linen.
The fungus dies in a solution of chloramine - household items are lowered into it for 40 minutes.
Clothes, underwear, towels, gloves should be boiled for 5 minutes or washed at high temperature. The death of the fungus is observed under the influence of a temperature of 75 degrees and above for 15 minutes.

Nail fungus on the hands is not a sentence, it can and should be treated. Be sure to visit a dermatologist, do not neglect the rules of personal hygiene. The success of the treatment depends on the accuracy of the appointments, your patience and the desire to get rid of the problem.

How many psychological physical problems cause external manifestations diseases! Only a specialist knows what is best to use for a fungus on the hands, depending on the pathogen. To cope with the disease, you need to contact a dermatologist who will prescribe a treatment that includes medications and folk remedies. It is useful to understand what needs to be done to get rid of a fungal infection, what are the recipes and how to use them correctly.

What is a fungus on the hands

There are more than 250 varieties of pathogenic microorganisms that cause damage to the hands, palms and nails. Infection caused by fungi is called mycosis. Pathogens, entering the body in a variety of ways, can exist for a long time without causing harm, until one day they weaken in a person. defensive forces. With the fall of immunity occurs:

explosive growth fungal spores;
damage to the surface of the epidermis, subcutaneous layers;
destruction of the nail plates.

A fungal infection is easy to deal with at an early stage of the development of the disease, so when the first symptoms appear, you should contact a specialist. Dermatologist during the appointment:

collect biomaterial for analysis - tissue scrapings from nails, skin flakes;
with the help of the study will determine the causative agent of the infection;
make a diagnosis;
in accordance with the results, prescribe treatment with drugs, folk remedies.

Often, the disease begins with the skin of the hands, affects the palms, interdigital spaces, gradually moving to the nail plates, causing onychomycosis. The fungus is characterized by rapid spread, which is facilitated by:

high viability of colonies of microorganisms;
unpretentiousness of bacteria to the conditions of existence;
humid environment with high temperature.

There are folk methods for treating fungus, but they cannot be used without a doctor's prescription - this can lead to the disease being launched, there will be serious complications:

the development of allergic reactions to fungi;
the appearance of dermatitis, erysipelas;
penetration through skin lesions, cracks of a bacterial infection;
transition to chronic form;
the spread of infection throughout the body;
fatal outcome.

The reasons

A person can catch a fungus by not observing the rules of hygiene, using someone else's clothes. Provoking factors for the development of fungal diseases can serve as adverse effects on the skin. These include:

mechanical injury;
manicure with a poorly processed tool;
contact with a sick person through a handshake;
action of chemicals;
contrasting temperatures;
visit public bath, saunas;
use of disinfectants.

The development of mycoses is hereditary. The starting point for the onset of infection is a decrease in immunity against the background of:

diseases of the digestive system;
neurological pathologies;
skin inflammatory processes- allergic, contact dermatitis;
endocrine diseases;
diabetes;
bacterial, viral infections;
hyperhidrosis;
stressful situations;
long-term use antibiotics;
chemotherapy.

The causative agents of infection are several types of fungi:

Yeast - Candida - are human saprophytes, live in the body, participating in its work, being activated when the immune system is reduced, affect the nails, the skin between the fingers;
Dermatophytes - Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton - act on the epidermis, causing the development of inflammation, ringworm.

Symptoms

The appearance of signs of the disease depends on the location of the lesion. The infection often begins with reddening of the skin between the fingers, in the area of the pads. On the surface, symptoms of dermatophytosis are observed:

peeling;
dryness;
exfoliation of the epidermis;
swelling of the skin;
itching between the fingers, the surface of the palms;
burning;
inflammation of the cuticle, roller near the nail;
rash;
the appearance of corns;
the formation of interdigital folds;
pain;
puffiness;
cracks;
bleeding;
rashes that can fester;
watery blisters;
ulcers.

Gradually, the infection passes to the nails, causing the development of onychomycosis. Symptoms of a fungal infection include:

nails begin to exfoliate;
there is a separation of the plate from the bed;
growth stops;
there is a change in the color of the nail in dark side- from yellow to brown, black;
deep grooves of a longitudinal, transverse arrangement appear;
compaction, deformation of the plate, increased fragility are noted;
depressions, staining, cracking are observed;
there is a complete destruction of the nail.

Treatment

The process of fighting a fungal infection, especially if it is in a neglected state, can take a long time. treatment other than therapeutic methods includes a number of activities. To get rid of the fungus, you must:

observe personal hygiene;
do not use someone else's clothes and objects;
normalize work gastrointestinal tract;
disinfect clothing;
avoid contact with sick people;
be careful when visiting the pool, sauna, bath;
eliminate stress;
do a manicure with a disinfected tool.

With a fungal infection, it is important to cure diseases that weaken the immune system. The best remedies are prescribed by a dermatologist after identifying the pathogen. Therapy includes:

antifungals for internal, external use;
drugs that eliminate burning, itching - Suprastin, Zirtek;
immunomodulators - Viferon;
physiotherapy that activates blood circulation;
surgical intervention at deep lesions skin;
laser therapy;
removal of the nail plate in severe onychomycosis.

At the initial stage of the disease, local therapy is effective. The best folk remedies for fungus are used in consultation with a dermatologist. Baths with potassium permanganate, decoction are prescribed pine needles. After the procedures, the surface is lubricated twice a day with preparations in the form of an ointment, gel. Effective remedies:

Terbinafine is a cream with a wide spectrum of action, it penetrates into the deep layers. Not recommended during pregnancy, itching, burning may occur.
Clotrimazole - destroys the cell membrane of the fungus, the course of treatment is a month, side effects - redness.

advanced form of infection severe course diseases that require systemic drugs for oral administration. The best remedies for a fungal infection that counteract most types of microorganisms:

Itraconazole - has a powerful healing effect, contraindicated in pregnancy, the course of therapy is determined by the doctor, skin rashes are possible.
Natamycin - the drug is allowed during lactation, waiting for the child. not excluded skin manifestations when sensitive to components.

Folk remedies

To cope with the infection, it is necessary to correctly identify the pathogen, make a diagnosis - the methods of therapy depend on this. Only a doctor can do this. Hand nail fungus treatment folk ways:

must be agreed with a dermatologist;
becomes an addition to the prescribed funds;
It has greatest effect when diagnosing an infection at an early stage.

In this situation, the best means are:

applications with novocaine solution at night;
baths with sea salt, soda before applying ointments;
rinsing the lesion with brewed green tea;
dressings from ointment with equal proportions of cranberry juice and vaseline;
compresses with tincture of lilac on alcohol;
baths with strong coffee;
dressings with fresh crushed burdock leaves;
treatment of purulent rashes with a swab, with ammonia;
ingestion natural immunomodulators- tinctures of Eleutherococcus, ginseng, Chinese magnolia vine.

Soda

Treatment of fungus at home can be carried out using a product that is in every kitchen. Baking soda, which has alkaline properties, counteracts the development of infection. When using it:

softens the stratum corneum of the skin and nail plates;
improved absorption medicines;
increases the resistance of remissions;
going on antiseptic treatment;
dries up skin covering;
stops the development of a fungal infection.

Baking soda is one of the best folk recipes for nail fungus. You can prepare a remedy from a mixture of three tablespoons of the product with water, diluted to a thick slurry. During the procedure:

the composition is applied to pre-steamed plates, from which the affected layer is removed;
lemon juice is dripped over the soda;
leave for 5 minutes;
wash off with soap and water;
dry;
inflict medicinal ointment or varnish.

Doctors recommend before using local antifungal drugs, make baths from a mixture of three tablespoons of soda, five drops of iodine, dissolved in two liters of warm water. One of the best means using the product:

pour 2 liters of water into the basin;
add a spoonful of liquid soap;
pour soda - two;
mix;
keep your hands in the bath for 40 minutes;
rinse with water;
dry thoroughly;
apply an antimycotic agent prescribed by a doctor.

Tea mushroom

Homemade drink is one of the best folk remedies for fungus. It is prepared by steeping it in a sweet tea brew of jellyfish, a slimy mass called kombucha. In case of infection healing drink:

improves immunity;
softens the nail plates;
stops the reproduction of fungal spores;
destroys colonies of pathogenic microorganisms.

The therapeutic antifungal effect is provided by the presence of acids in the composition. You can use the liquid in which the fungus has developed for two months. The prescription requires:

take 2 glasses of drink;
keep on low heat under the lid for two hours to increase the concentration of acid;
moisten a cotton pad with liquid;
put a compress on the nail;
wrap with polyethylene on top;
make a bandage for the night.

You can use a jelly-like mass of medusomycete from the fungus. There are recipe options for use:

grind tea mushroom to the state of gruel, rub into the nail plate;
take a piece of medusomycete, attach it to the nail, cover it with polyethylene on top, make a bandage - this will enhance the effect of the treatment;
the procedure is carried out daily until the symptoms disappear.

Celandine

This medicinal plant is considered poisonous, requires caution when using it and mandatory agreement with the doctor. With careless handling, vomiting, convulsions, dizziness, fainting are possible. Celandine has best qualities for the treatment of fungus on the hands:

renders antibacterial action;
eliminates inflammation;
regenerates tissues - promotes healing of cracks;
relieves burning, itching.

Treatment is carried out until the symptoms of a fungal infection on the hands are eliminated, the growth of a new nail plate. In folk recipes, it is recommended to use celandine in several forms:

the juice of a freshly picked plant is applied to the affected nails, the skin of the hands four times with an interval of 3 minutes, repeated twice a day;
with a decoction of leaves and flowers, prepared from half a glass of the mixture, filled with boiling water - 250 ml, hand baths are made;
the affected areas are lubricated with a composition of dry grass with vegetable oil, night dressings are performed until the condition improves.

This substance is considered one of the best for the treatment of fungus on the hands. Its composition includes trace elements that provide antiseptic, drying, analgesic effect, resist pathogenic microorganisms. Dermatologists recommend using Birch tar at the initial stages of mycosis of the hands and nails. Folk remedy helps:

eliminate burning, itching;
stop nail changes;
take off pain on hands;
heal cracks;
prevent delamination of the nail.

When treating with birch tar, it should be noted that the remedy has strong smell, can cause allergic reactions, is contraindicated in dry skin. It is advisable to do a tolerance test before use. Among the best folk recipes:

baths with mixture laundry soap and tar for 20 minutes;
application remedy on pre-steamed legs, the surface of the skin between the fingers, palms, keeping for two hours;
application tar soap before lubricating surfaces with preparations recommended by the doctor.

Kalanchoe

Indoor plant is popular with traditional healers, is used as one of the best remedies in the treatment of skin infections. Fresh Juice kalanchoe has healing properties. When using it:

bactericidal action is carried out;
local immunity is activated;
the manifestations of a fungal infection on the hands are eliminated.

You can achieve rapid growth of a healthy nail, healing of cracks, if you lubricate the lesions with juice from a freshly picked Kalanchoe leaf. It is good to use daily compresses for treatment. You can prepare an ointment, make bandages with it until complete recovery. According to the recipe, it is necessary to heat in a water bath:

mixture equal parts kalanchoe juice and alcohol - 30 ml;
lanolin - 50 g.

Herbs

Many medicinal plants used in recipes of traditional healers due to antiseptic, anti-inflammatory properties. Herbs must be brewed by adding a spoonful to a liter of boiling water. Ready solution diluted twice with water, add a spoonful of sea salt and make baths lasting 20 minutes. Best Cast healing mixture:

Oak bark;
calendula;
chamomile flowers.

Can cook healing oil to combat fungus on the hands. The resulting medicine is treated with infected areas for a month in the morning and evening. The preparation of the composition lasts two weeks in a dark place. According to the recipe, add to a glass vegetable oil in grams:

burdock root -10;
dried calendula - 5;
calamus root - 10.

Essential oils

According to dermatologists, these remedies are among the best in the treatment of fungus on the hands. Before using essential oils, it is recommended to do an allergy test - apply a drop to the elbow bend. In the absence of redness, drugs can be used in several ways:

apply to the surface pure form;
make applications from a mixture of oils;
add a few drops to the hand bath.

Any of these effects is carried out at least twice a day. Procedures are done until the nail is completely renewed or symptoms are eliminated skin infection. Among the best drugs, which fight the fungus, increase local immunity, accelerate tissue regeneration, essential oils:

tea tree;
cedar;
pines;
fir;
eucalyptus;
thymol;
peppermint.

Treatment of nail fungus on the hands of folk remedies

One of the best available and effective natural remedies- fresh garlic The clove is crushed, diluted with water to the state of gruel, applied for 15 minutes on sore nails. It is useful to make an ointment that is applied at night, treats the nail plates and surfaces of the hands. For cooking, it is necessary to mix vaseline and a decoction in a ratio of 1: 2, in which a glass of boiling water is poured with a mixture (in grams):

hop cones - 30;
calendula flowers - 10;
burdock root - 30.

Before applying the ointments prescribed by the doctor to the nails, you can treat the plates with a solution of iodine, hydrogen peroxide or apple cider vinegar. This will help stop the spread of colonies of microorganisms. The best folk remedy from nail fungus on the hands - lotions from pharmacy clay, diluted with water. Would need:

apply the composition in a thick layer on the nails;
secure with a bandage linen fabric;
withstand 30 minutes;
rinse with water adding lemon juice;
repeat twice a day.

Hand fungus treatment

acid environment destructive to microbial spores. Among the best folk recipes for fungus on the hands - tomato juice. You can make baths and lotions from the drink for a quarter of an hour. For the treatment of fungal infection use:

against yeast microorganisms Candida - onion juice, rub, hold for 15 minutes;
with lesions between the fingers - a mask of fresh leaves mint, grated with salt, leave for an hour.

You can make a tincture from pine needles and cones. To do this, pour 250 g of the mixture of components with a liter of alcohol, stand for 2 weeks without light, lubricate the affected areas twice a day. In list best recipes homemade ointment, for the preparation of which you need to make a mixture and apply it at night for two weeks. Contains (in tablespoons):

vinegar - 2;
glycerin - 1;
alcohol - 1.

Video

- this is infection nail plate, which is provoked by pathogenic and opportunistic fungi.

According to available statistics, onychomycosis of the hands is caused primarily by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (in 44.5% of cases), followed by fungi of the dermatomycetes group (up to 36.4% of cases), mold fungi (16.5%) and other mycotic organisms (up to 0.5%). With a fungus of the hands, both one and several nail plates can be affected, a parallel lesion of the nails of the fingers of the lower extremities is possible.

Clinical observations indicate that the increase in the number of people suffering from nail fungus on the hands is increasing every year, which is explained by the factor of intrafamilial infection. Experts point to an increased number of patients with mixed non-dermatophyte flora on the nails. So, mixed flora occurs in 7.3% of cases. This is a rather dangerous trend, since there is an opinion that mixed non-dermatophyte fungi can enhance the sensitization of the human body.

The number of people with fungal nail infections, according to various sources, varies from 2% to 18.5% of the total human population.

Symptoms of a fungus on the hands

Symptoms of the fungus on the hands with the defeat of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Manifests the disease from the lateral and posterior ridges of the nails of the hands. They gradually become thicker, swell and redden. It is possible to visualize silvery scales that form along the edges of the ridges. As the fungal infection progresses, the inflammation spreads to the entire roller, it begins to peel off. The skin becomes thinner, the eponychion disappears. If you press on the roller, then an ichor, purulent contents (with the addition of a bacterial infection) or a small lump of white, crumbly mass can stand out from it.

The next stage of the disease is the defeat of the nail plate. It gradually fades, begins to separate from the bed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe hole. Destruction proceeds according to the type of onycholysis, furrows and hills appear over the area of the plate. Such processes are caused by a failure in the blood supply of the plate in the area of the matrix. They are trophic in nature, and are provoked by infection of the roller.

When the nail is affected by yeast-like fungi along the lateral path, the destruction of the plate begins from the lateral edges. The nails become thinner, begin to separate from the bed, their color changes to yellow-brown. When examining the nail, a visual impression is created that it was cut off on the sides.

Sometimes fungi of the genus Candida infect the nail, but the roller does not become inflamed. In this case, the plate does not adhere to the bed, the nail gradually becomes thinner, but the roller remains intact.

Symptoms of the fungus on the hands with the defeat of red trichophyton (nail rubromycosis). Light yellow, whitish or grayish spots and stripes form on the nails. Their localization is the center of the nail. As the disease progresses, the nail fades and undergoes deformation - normotrophic, hypertrophic, atrophic, or by the type of onycholysis.

Symptoms of a fungus on the hands with a lesion T. interdigitale. In the center of the nail plate, in its thickness, bright yellow spots, or stripes. At the edge free from spots, thickening of the nail sometimes occurs. The plate deforms over time and has a corroded appearance.

Symptoms of the fungus on the hands when affected by atropophilic trichophytons. This type fungal infection often occurs in parallel with the defeat of the scalp and smooth skin. Superficial trichophytosis most often manifests precisely from the nails upper limbs. A spot appears on the sides and from the distal edge of the nail gray color which gradually increases in size. It is also possible the formation of stripes on the nail plate. It thickens and begins to crumble. For a long period of time, deformation of the nail does not occur. Most often, such a lesion of the nail plates is observed in patients who have been suffering from favus for a long time.

Symptoms of the fungus on the hands when affected by zoophilic trichophytons and microsporums. This type of injury is quite rare. The disease proceeds according to the type of onychodystrophy. At the beginning, white spots and stripes appear on the nails, after which the plate is deformed and then destroyed from the proximal or distal edge. The nail ceases to grow to the bed, the color in such a disease often remains unchanged. Sometimes the nail turns yellow.

Symptoms of a fungus on the hands when the nail is affected by mold fungi. Nail fungus infestation develops as secondary infection, with non-curative onychomycosis of any nature (read also:). Mold fungi are difficult to irradiate from the nail plate and require the appointment of systemic medicines. In this case, the nail itself changes color, which varies depending on the type of pathogen. Color can be black, brown, blue, green or yellow.

Depending on the form of the lesion, the following symptoms of nail fungus are distinguished:

In the normotrophic form, only the color of the nails changes. At first, color changes affect only that part of the nail where spots and stripes form, followed by the involvement of the entire nail in the process. At the same time, its thickness and luster remain unchanged.

With a hypertrophic form, the nail loses its luster, fades and thickens. happening varying degrees severity of deformation, up to the development of onygriphosis. The nail collapses on the sides and resembles a bird's claw.

With the onycholytic form, tarnishing of the nail is observed, it acquires a grayish tint in the part where the lesion occurred. Possible rejection of the plate from the bed. After exposing the nail area, an area with loose layers is found under it. For a long time, the proximal part of the plate remains uninvolved in the pathological process.

The main symptoms of onychomycosis of the hands are as follows:

The nail to some extent changes its color, which depends on the type of pathogen. Most often this occurs with total dystrophy.

The surface of the nail becomes rough. Roughness can be determined both visually and by palpation.

Stratification of the nail most often occurs with a distal-lateral lesion. As the disease progresses, the area of the dissection increases.

The appearance of white spots under the nail.

Loss of healthy shine. This happens gradually, perhaps for a long time there will be no other manifestations of mycotic lesions.

Strengthening the formation of burrs. This symptom is observed when the skin roller is damaged, when the skin along the edge of the nail begins to quickly die and burst.

Detachment of the entire nail plate. This symptom is characteristic of total dystrophy.

Peeling of the skin of the hands. Sometimes fungi affect not only the nails, but also the skin of the hands and it begins to exfoliate in the form of small scales.

The appearance of crumbs on the surface of the nail plate. This symptom can be observed with white surface form fungal infection. Subsequently, small depressions form on the surface of the nail.

It is known that the fungus on the hands appears as a result of infection with mycotic organisms, or due to an increase in the pathogenic activity of a person's own fungal microflora.

The following factors may influence this:

Unjustified reception antibacterial drugs broad spectrum of activity, especially in preventive purposes with self-treatment. This also includes the widespread use of drugs that have an immunosuppressive effect (cytostatics, glucocorticoid hormones).

The use of false nails, under which is formed favorable environment for the development of pathogenic microflora.

Frequent contact with water, which may be due to professional activities. The risk group includes: service staff restaurants, hotels, workers in metallurgical industries, rest homes, sanatoriums, canteens, etc. The longer the hands and nails are in a humid environment, the higher the risk of developing the disease, especially candidal nail lesions.

Exposure to nails with chemical and alkaline substances, frequent degreasing of the nail plate (especially when performing a manicure) weakens the nail's own protection, contributes to the thinning of the plate, and therefore increases the risk of developing the disease. The factors of exogenous impact also include frequent contact of brushes with soil and solutions containing sugars. Therefore, the risk group also includes workers in confectionery shops and the agricultural industry.

Mature and elderly age- Another risk factor for the development of pathology. Every 10 years, the risk of the disease increases by 2.5 times. Experts attribute this to a slowdown in the growth rate of the nail plate, malnutrition of the nail, and the development of angiopathy.

Any injury to the nail, both during manicure and as a result of bruising, clamping, compression, etc. This also includes any destruction of the nail, hemorrhages with the formation of channels and cavities, onycholysis. A separate risk group for nail injuries are musicians, guitarists, and PC operators.

The presence of a sick relative living in the same territory. Use of shared towels manicure accessories, sharing a bathroom and shower - all this increases the risk of infection.

Foot fungus. It is known that most often mycotic lesions of the nails of the hands are preceded by untreated onychomyosis of the legs. As the disease progresses, with a weakening of the immune system and under the influence of other risk factors, the infection spreads with the involvement of fingernails in the pathological process.

Psychological reasons. The risk of fungal infection increases with bad habit bite your nails. There are also two psychogenic pathologies: onychophagia (uncontrolled nail biting) and onychotillomania (an obsessive desire to destroy one's own nail).

What is dangerous fungus on the hands?

Fungus on the hands is not only aesthetic problem. it serious illness, which can lead to various complications, especially if you ignore this process. Often, the fungus does not cause a person significant concern for a long time, however, with a weakening of the immune forces, as well as as a result of age-related changes, mycotic organisms increase their activity and lead to serious problems with health.

Possible consequences of the lack of therapy for mycosis of the hands:

The spread of the pathological process to the skin of the hands.

The likelihood of developing inflammation due to the addition of bacterial flora. A damaged nail and skin roller is the entrance gate for various bacteria.

Development of chronic erysipelas limbs.

Development of invasive mycosis.

The development of aspergillosis, that is, damage to the nail plate by mold fungi.

The development of polyvalent sensitization against the background prolonged release fungal waste products. This, in turn, entails an increase in allergic skin reactions, their intensification and the difficulty of therapeutic correction, the formation of drug resistance.

In addition, a person who ignores treatment becomes a carrier of infection and poses a danger to other people in terms of infection.

Traditional therapy of any onychomycosis involves the use of systemic and external antimycotics. Regarding the removal of the nail plate surgically, then everyone refused this method modern doctors. It is practiced only with the addition of a bacterial infection, or with a long-term absence of effect from local and systemic antimycotic therapy.

As an alternative surgical method avulsion or dissolution of the nail may be indicated. This procedure is performed using drugs such as Nogtivit or Nogtimycin. In this case, it is possible to perform the procedure at home, but a medical consultation is first necessary.

Means of topical application

When mycosis of the nails of the hands is diagnosed on early stages development, it is possible to get rid of the disease by using only local drugs. It can be creams, varnishes, ointments, gels, aerosols, solutions and other medicines.

Their advantages over systemic antimycotics are as follows:

Possibility long-term treatment which is not always possible with oral administration.

The number of side effects is not so great compared to systemic antimycotics.

allergic reactions and individual sensitivity of the body to the components of preparations for topical application are much less common than when taking drugs inside.

The risk of overdose is minimized.

The indications for starting treatment exclusively with local antimycotics are as follows:

Pathological process less than 50% of the nail has been exposed;

Several nails are affected, but the lesions are punctate;

The shape of the nail plate is not changed;

There are contraindications to oral administration of antimycotics;

The form of the lesion of the nail plate is distal-lateral.

However, despite a number of advantages, it is not always possible to refuse systemic antimycotics. After all, deep into the nail plate preparations local action unable to penetrate. Often it is in the bed of the nail that fungi accumulate, which have increased keratinization. To achieve penetration of the local drug deep into the nail, it is necessary to remove its horny structures, which is possible due to the use of special nail files (mechanical method) or due to the application of keratolytic patches, which allow softening the structure of the plate.

So, it is possible to use the following antifungal varnishes:

Lotseril. It has a wide spectrum of action, is able to get rid of dozens of varieties of mycotic organisms. The antifungal effect is achieved due to the rupture of the cell membrane of the fungus. The main active ingredient is called Amorolfine. A single application of varnish contributes to the fact that the medicinal substance remains in the nail for up to 10 days. Sometimes patients report a burning sensation during the application of the drug.

Batrafen. This drug has a high penetrating power and a wide spectrum of action. It has a detrimental effect not only on dermatomycetes and yeast fungi, but also on mold mycotic organisms. In addition, Batrafen can have a detrimental effect on some bacteria.

Demicten. Due to the action of aldehyde formic acid, Demicten helps eliminate nail fungus. It is possible to use varnish as a prophylactic.

Mycosan. In the package with the preparation, you can also find an applicator brush and a set of nail files. Thanks to these accessories, it will be possible to deliver the substance deep into the nail and consume the drug in a dosed manner.

In addition, for the treatment of onychomycosis, it is possible to use the following dosage forms local antimycotics:

Preparations from the Azole group: Ketoconazole (Nizoral) - cream or ointment, Isoconazole (Travogen) - cream, Clotrimazole (Candide) - is available in the form of a solution, ointment and cream.

Preparations from the Allylamine group - Terbinafine cream (Lamisil), Naftifine cream or solution.

Preparations - derivatives of hydroxypyridone - this is Batrafen cream (cyclopyroxolamine).

The keratolytic agents are Salicylic ointment in 3% concentration and Sulfuric ointment in 10% concentration. Ointments are prescribed to destroy already dead keratinocytes, which robs fungi of their natural product nutrition.

To prevent a bacterial infection during treatment, it is possible to use halogen-containing drugs, namely 2% tincture of iodine. In addition, this tool local application helps to slow down the growth of mycotic organisms.

Local treatment should be long and can be up to six months. However, if no effect is observed after two weeks from the start of therapy, it is necessary to reconsider the chosen tactics with a possible replacement of the drug.

Preparations for nail fungus on the hands

oral intake antimycotics is indicated in the following cases:

More than 50% of the nail plate was affected.

Subungual hyperkeratosis was diagnosed.

More than three fingernails affected.

There are associated diseases.

The patient's age exceeds 50 years (in the absence of contraindications).

Antifungal drugs contribute to the destruction of fungal spores, have an effect on the keratinized parts of the nail, softening them. The dosage and frequency of administration, as well as the duration of the course of treatment, is determined exclusively by the doctor. It is possible to implement pulse therapy, that is, taking medications in short courses. This allows you to minimize the side effects of drugs without compromising the therapeutic effect.

Griseofulvin. The first systemic antithymic. It has been used in mycotic practice for over 40 years. The first month of treatment consists in taking up to 1000 mg per day, in the second month the dose does not change, but the drug is taken every other day. Subsequent treatment depends on the rate of growth of a healthy nail plate. The drug is taken until the complete replacement of the nail in the usual dosage, but twice in 7 days. Thus, the therapeutic course can be up to six months. Taking the drug is strictly limited and can only be recommended by a doctor, as there are a large number of contraindications to its use.

Ketoconazole (Mycozoral, Funginok, Oronazol) is taken 1 tablet of 200 mg with meals. Treatment cannot last more than 60 days, as the drug has a pronounced hepatotoxic effect.

Itraconazole (Orungal, Canditral, Irunin, Itraconazole-Ratiopharm, Rumikoz, Teknazol, Miconihol, Itramikol) is used in pulse therapy. In the first week of treatment, 400 mg per day are prescribed, divided into two doses. The patient then rests from therapy for three weeks. The number of courses for onychomycosis of the hands is two.

Fluconazole is taken for six months once every seven days, one tablet of 150 mg. drugs with similar active substance- Mikomax, Medoflucon, Ciscan, Diflazon, Flucostat, Funzol, Nofung, Flucoside, Mikosist, Diflucan.

Terbinafine is taken orally for six weeks, one tablet of 250 mg daily. Terbinafine has not only a fungistatic, but also a fungicidal effect due to the ability to break cell membranes fungus. In addition, this drug tends to persist for a long time in the distal parts of the nails, up to 48 weeks. Therefore, it is Terbinafine or Terbizil that many mycologists prefer to treat their patients for onychomyocosis. It is also possible to use similar drugs - Lamisil and Binofin.

Even if the drug regimen seems very clear, you should not self-medicate. Without exception, all antimycotics have contraindications for taking, which can be fully manifested with the wrong approach to treatment. In addition, you can make sure that you can completely get rid of the fungus only after passing laboratory tests. If treatment is completed ahead of time, this may lead to the development of resistance of mycotic organisms against available drugs. In the future, even professional approach to the treatment of hand fungus may not give the desired result.

Despite the availability of medicines, you should not engage in self-treatment of onychomycosis of the nails of the hands. In order for the treatment to be comprehensive, you will need to consult a doctor, undergo a diagnosis, follow the treatment regimen and laboratory control his results.

What else can be treated fungus on the hands?

You can also treat the fungus on the hands with a laser. This method of getting rid of onychomycosis refers to physiotherapeutic methods and has a proven high efficiency. The diseased nail during the procedure is exposed to radiation with adjustable intensity.

The laser is able to penetrate deep into the nail and locally destroy mycotic organisms. It is possible to prescribe laser therapy as independent method treatment when it is impossible to use local and systemic antimycotics. In all other cases, it is desirable to combine laser therapy with conservative methods treatment. In addition, when irradiated with a laser, the delivery of the drug into the nail improves. The duration of the procedure does not exceed 25 minutes, in order to achieve maximum effect up to 4 exposures will be required. However, most patients notice a visible effect after the first session of physiotherapy.

side effects from the procedure is not observed, it is completely painless for the patient. The only drawback of such therapy is the likelihood of recurrence of the disease when used as an independent therapeutic method.

Hardware cleaning

Another method - hardware cleaning of the nail makes it possible to get rid of its upper layer, which has undergone the most mycotic damage. This procedure is necessary for use in the case when the fungus has destroyed the nail in a large volume. The procedure is painless and helps to speed up the recovery time by half. After all, the exposure of the nail bed will allow you to directly deliver athymicotics into it.

Education: Moscow medical institute them. I. M. Sechenov, specialty - "Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 " Occupational diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".