Gastrointestinal tract diet. Possibilities of a therapeutic diet and the main postulates of a healthy diet. Allowed and prohibited foods for pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract

The number of people with problems with the digestive tract is increasing from year to year, their age is getting younger. A few decades ago, people over 40 suffered from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and now even small children are at risk. There are plenty of reasons for the occurrence of such pathologies: irregular nutrition, stress, poor environmental situation. Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is a mandatory component of treatment.

Dietary nutrition in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

The digestive system has a complex structure, each organ has its own functions, is responsible for processing food, extracting useful substances or delivering them into the blood. For this reason, there are many diets for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, they are compiled depending on the disease, they differ in the list of products, the amount of food consumed.

Diet for gastritis with high acidity

It is necessary to treat gastritis comprehensively. With this form of the disease, the diet should help reduce the production of of hydrochloric acid and gastric juice. This is achieved subject to certain rules:

You can't overeat. Eat small meals 6-9 times a day.
Salt and spices are prohibited.
Replace fried foods with boiled or steamed ones.
It is forbidden to eat cold or hot food (it can become an irritant for the esophagus and intestines). The best option is warm dishes.
You can't drink food.
Hard to digest, solid foods are prohibited.

Diet for peptic ulcer

A stomach or duodenal ulcer is a disease that is characterized by the presence of lesions on the mucous membrane. The main causative agent of peptic ulcer disease is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is transmitted by household means, but there are other reasons: malnutrition, bad habits, and increased acidity of the stomach. This disease has a long course. The period of remission usually occurs in winter and summer, exacerbation - in autumn and spring. It's a diet for life.

The main principles of dietary selection are as follows:

The need to comply with the regime of fractional nutrition with multiple meals.
The use of products with high nutritional value.
Exclusion of products that have a juice effect, irritate the intestinal mucosa.

Diet for hepatitis A, B, C

Hepatitis is inflammatory disease liver, caused viral infection. This pathology poses a serious threat to the life of the patient, requires regular medical supervision and adherence to a proper diet. For patients with hepatitis, diet is like a way of life, with constant observance of it, remission can last up to several years.

People with hepatitis should avoid the following foods:

spices, spices;
sour varieties of fruits;
conservation;
cold food(ice cream);
sweet water with gas;
sweets;
muffin;
fatty meat, fish and soups from them;
alcohol;
garlic, tomatoes, onion, radish, radish.

Proper diet for intestinal infections

Intestinal infection accompanied by a disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting and diarrhea, so there is a strong dehydration of the body and loss of nutrients. Doctors believe that it is impossible to starve during an infection, sparing, unloading diet. The main element in such a diet is to drink plenty of water. Food intake should be kept to a minimum. Meat and fish of dietary varieties, semi-liquid dishes - soup, jelly, pureed cereals, thermally processed fruits and vegetables will be suitable.

For irritable bowel syndrome

Functional indigestion lasts for several months. The main goal of the diet for irritable bowel (IBS), flatulence is to normalize the functioning of the digestive system, remove acute condition. It is necessary to remove all foods that irritate the intestines:

fried, spicy, smoked, salty, dishes;
preservation, sausage;
alcohol;
legumes;
chocolate;
bakery products, fresh bread;
fast food;
seasonings;
sour juices and fruits.

Therapeutic diets for gastrointestinal diseases: menu for the week

Depending on the symptoms of the disease of a particular organ of the digestive system, a certain diet is used. For example, table No. 4 is prescribed for colitis, dyskinesia and enterocolitis, No. 5 - for liver diseases and inflammation of the pancreas, No. 1 - diet for erosion of the stomach, gastritis or ulcers, No. 16 - for duodenal ulcer, No. 2 - for chronic gastritis. Check out the 7 day menu for more details. different diets in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Number 1: for gastritis and stomach ulcers during the recovery period

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract No. 1 is prescribed during the recovery period, its goal is to eliminate foci of residual inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive system. Weekly menu following:

Day one and three:

7:30-8:00 - buckwheat.
10:00-10:30 - vegetable puree (stewed carrots).
12:30-13:00 - soup with oatmeal.
15:00-15:30 - boiled egg.
17:30-18:00 - corn porridge.
20:00-20:30 - cottage cheese soufflé.

Day two and five:

7:30-8:00 - oatmeal.
10:00-10:30 - steamed omelet.
12:30-13:00 - fish soufflé and grated beets. Learn how to cook delicious.
15:00-15:30 - buckwheat soup.
17:30-18:00 - kissel.
20:00-20:30 - semolina.

Day four and six:

7:30-8:00 – rice porrige.
10:00-10:30 - soft-boiled egg.
12:30-13:00 - mashed potatoes.
15:00-15:30 - barley soup.
17:30-18:00 - pear jelly.
20:00-20:30 - applesauce.

Day seven:

7:30-8:00 - semolina.
10:00-10:30 - steamed omelet.
12:30-13:00 - rice soup.
15:00-15:30 - vegetable puree.
17:30-18:00 - banana.
20:00-20:30 - kissel.

Bland diet number 2

Such a diet has a beneficial effect on intestinal motility, is prescribed for enterocolitis and chronic gastritis (with low level acidity).

The first breakfast includes a choice of: scrambled eggs, buckwheat, noodles, mashed potatoes. For second breakfast, it is recommended to choose the following dishes: kissel, jelly, oatmeal, yogurt. For lunch, rice or chicken soup with pasta is suitable, meat broth. For an afternoon snack, choose something light - an orange, fruit salad, cottage cheese soufflé, kefir. For dinner, cook fish casserole, vegetable stew, vinaigrette, buckwheat in meat broth.

Table number 3 for the intestines with constipation

Diet at gastrointestinal disease involves the exclusion of fried foods and foods that enhance the fermentation processes in the intestines. Food is baked, steamed or boiled. The menu for the week is as follows:

Monday and Wednesday

Breakfast - buckwheat with butter, vinaigrette.
Lunch is an apple.
Lunch - vegetable soup.
Snack - dried apricots, pre-soaked for 40 minutes in hot water.
Dinner - aspic of low-fat fish.
Late evening - kefir.

Tuesday and Thursday

Breakfast - a decoction of beets, tea.
Lunch - baked apple.
Lunch - cabbage rolls, barley soup.
Snack - raw grated carrots.
Dinner - low-fat fish in a marinade, sweet tea.
Late evening - kefir.

Friday and Sunday

Breakfast - millet porridge, vegetable salad, seasoned olive oil.
Lunch - baked apple.
Dinner - vegetable soup, braised cabbage.
Snack - cottage cheese.
Dinner - pancakes with meat.
Late evening - kefir.

Breakfast - oatmeal, tea.
Lunch - grated raw apple.
Lunch - vegetable stew, beetroot.
Snack - boiled beets.
Dinner - stewed carrots, with sour cream.
Late evening - kefir.

Diet 4 for colitis and enterocolitis

Colitis (spastic, erosive) and enterocolitis - inflammatory phenomena flowing in the thick and small intestine. In recipes diet meals Table No. 4 uses the lightest products. Spicy, fried and salty foods are prohibited. All vegetables and fruits are ready to eat before eating. heat treatment. The weekly menu for a diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is as follows:

Monday

Breakfast is oatmeal.
Lunch is jelly.
Dinner - semolina.
Snack - rosehip tea.
Dinner - scrambled eggs, mashed rice.
Late evening - kissel.

Breakfast - vegetable puree.
Lunch is pudding.
Lunch - buckwheat.
Snack - compote.
Dinner - applesauce and cottage cheese.
Late evening - kissel.

Breakfast - rice soup, cocoa.
Lunch is pudding.
Lunch - oatmeal, fish fillet.
Snack - boiled egg.
Dinner - steamed chicken cutlets.
Late evening - compote.

Breakfast is rice porridge.
Lunch is jelly.
Lunch - mashed potatoes and fish soufflé.
Snack - soft-boiled egg.
Dinner - fish meatball, scrambled eggs.
Late evening - chicken bouillon.

Breakfast is semolina.
Lunch is applesauce.
Lunch - oatmeal soup.
Snack - omelet.
Dinner - buckwheat in meat broth.
Late evening - cocoa.

Breakfast - compote, semolina.
Lunch - kissel.
Lunch - mashed rice.
Snack - jelly.
Dinner - soup with oatmeal.
Late evening - fruit puree (apple, pear).

Sunday

Breakfast is buckwheat.
Lunch is jelly.
Lunch - mashed potatoes, beef meatballs.
Snack - steamed apple.
Dinner - buckwheat.
Late evening - compote.

Table number 5 for liver diseases

The diet is based on the rule of three "F": it is forbidden to eat fried, fatty and food yellow color. is prescribed for such diseases: exacerbation of the chronic form of hepatitis, liver failure, colic, cholelithiasis, fatty liver. The weekly menu consists of:

Monday

Breakfast is rice porridge.
Lunch - cottage cheese casserole.
Lunch - cabbage soup, boiled meat.
Afternoon - biscuit.
Dinner - macaroni and cheese.

Breakfast - steam cutlets, apple and carrot salad.
Lunch is a fresh green apple.
Lunch - potato soup.
Snack - soft cookies.
Dinner - buckwheat.

Breakfast - scrambled eggs without yolks, oatmeal.
Lunch - baked apple.
Lunch - boiled chicken meat, vegetable soup.
Snack - juice.
Dinner - mashed potatoes and boiled fish.

Breakfast is cottage cheese.
Lunch - pasta.
Lunch is oatmeal soup.
Snack - kefir.
Dinner - milk rice porridge.

Breakfast is cottage cheese.
Lunch - carrot puree.
Lunch - borscht without meat.
Snack - fresh fruit.
Dinner - mashed potatoes, boiled fish.

Breakfast - oatmeal with milk.
Lunch is a baked apple.
Lunch - milk soup with pasta.
Snack - juice.
Dinner - semolina.

Sunday

Breakfast - vegetable salad.
Lunch - low-fat cottage cheese with sour cream.
Lunch - soup without meat, steamed cutlets.
Snack - a baked apple.
Dinner - dumplings with cottage cheese.

Diet 16 for duodenal ulcer

A diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is prescribed during the period of remission (with duodenal ulcer, gastritis). Table No. 16 is suitable for those patients who observe half-bed rest and move little. All food is steamed or boiled until tender, strained or puréed. The diet menu for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract for a week is as follows:

Monday and Wednesday

Breakfast - milk rice porridge, scrambled eggs.
Lunch is milk.
Snack - milk.
Dinner - buckwheat.
Late dinner - milk.

Tuesday and Thursday

Breakfast - oatmeal on milk.
Lunch - rice soup, fish soufflé.
Snack - milk.
Dinner is oatmeal.
Late dinner - milk.

Friday and Sunday

Breakfast - soft-boiled egg, semolina.
Lunch - milk, cottage cheese cream.
Lunch - rice soup, compote.
Snack - milk.
Dinner - buckwheat.
Late dinner - milk.

Breakfast - milk rice porridge.
Lunch - milk, cottage cheese cream.
Lunch - oatmeal soup, meat soufflé.
Snack - milk.
Dinner - buckwheat.
Late dinner - milk.

Diet plays an important role in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Therapeutic nutrition is prescribed in conjunction with other medical procedures. Careful adherence to the prescribed diet significantly accelerates the recovery processes in the digestive organs.

1 General information

The human gastrointestinal tract is made up of different departments and organs. Passing gradually through all its components, the food eaten is broken down, digested and processed by secrets that secrete glands located in different bodies and sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Thanks to such a complex system of internal processing, useful substances enter the bloodstream and are gradually distributed during its circulation throughout the body.

Slags and other unsuitable components of the food and dishes eaten are gradually excreted from the body through the intestines and the anus and urethra during the management of natural needs.

Due to a disease of any organ or part of the gastrointestinal tract digestive process is violated. Poor digestibility of food leads to the fact that the human body does not receive the necessary nutrients. The general condition of the body noticeably worsens, diseases of various organs and systems may begin.

A specific diet is selected for each patient strictly individually. The diet and diet are compiled by a nutritionist according to the instructions of the attending physician.

Diseases of the stomach or other digestive organs often begin for reasons such as:

malnutrition;
constant overeating;
excessive consumption of irritating foods;
prolonged stress;
smoking;
addiction to alcoholic beverages.

2 Principles of formulating a diet

There are basic principles diet food at . First of all, this fractional nutrition. Wherein daily ration divided into several portions. They are consumed little by little throughout the day. Basically, this is food, divided into 5-6 meals. In some cases, the number of servings may be increased.

Next important point- the temperature of the food and drinks taken. Do not consume very hot or very cold foods. very high or low temperature the food consumed strongly irritates the gastrointestinal tract, causing the activation of disease processes. Therefore, it is better to consume food and drinks in the form of heat.

Proper digestion depends on thorough chewing food. Therefore, it is better to eat soft foods. Food is placed in the mouth in small pieces and swallowed only in a thoroughly chewed state.

3 Power mode

It is better to start the next meal after the appearance of physiological hunger. As a rule, the feeling of hunger appears at the moment when the stomach and other digestive organs are ready to accept a new portion of food. At the same time, active salivation begins.

In the process of chewing, the primary flavoring of the consumed products with saliva also occurs. This is the initial stage of food digestion. To improve functioning salivary glands located in oral cavity, you need to drink the required amount of fluid throughout the day. 60 minutes before the next meal, you need to drink 200 ml of warm water.

Dry food adversely affects the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, during meals and after it, it is necessary to drink the food consumed with a sufficient amount of warm boiled water, tea or other drink approved by the doctor. Strict compliance diet will help ensure easy digestibility of the food consumed.

4 Proper diet

Proper nutrition in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for a speedy recovery. During the remission of the disease, which passed into chronic form, with the permission of the doctor, the patient may include in the diet some commonly prohibited foods and / or dishes.

A well-composed diet will help to quickly nullify almost all manifestations of diseases of the digestive organs. When compiling it, it is necessary to take into account clinical picture diseases, the presence of concomitant diseases, the general condition of the body and other factors.

As a result, it is balanced menu from acceptable foods. The products used for their preparation will help ensure that the body receives the necessary energy value, a set of vitamins, minerals and other useful and vital substances.

5 Annoying food

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract requires exclusion from the diet of irritating foods and foods. These include:

spices and spices;
spicy foods;
smoked meats;
fatty meat and/or fish;
fatty milk and dairy products;
fried foods;
coffee and strong tea;
carbonated drinks;
fast food.

When choosing a product in the store, you need to make sure that it does not include ingredients such as:

food colorings;
flavors;
thickeners;
preservatives;
chemical additives.

6 Medical fasting

With a complete loss of appetite caused by diseases of the digestive system, it is recommended therapeutic fasting. Duration complete failure from food is usually no more than one and a half days.

After this period, food begins to be consumed in small portions. Initially, liquid cereals from rice or oatmeal boiled in water are included in the diet. For dessert, weak tea with crackers or dried wheat flour is usually allowed.

When the patient's condition improves slightly, he is allowed to add to the diet dairy products, vegetable puree, boiled meat or fish. Such a diet must be followed for at least 3 days after the end of the healing hunger strike. Then the patient is assigned a sparing diet.

7 Bland Diet

In some cases, a sparing diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract must be observed. When prescribing it, it is necessary to apply certain methods of preparing products that are allowed for consumption.

Cooking is permitted in the following ways:

baking;
boiling;
steam cooking.

The main dishes allowed with a sparing diet are soups, broths and cereals cooked in low-fat milk or water. The consistency of these dishes is preferably semi-liquid and / or puree. For dessert, it is recommended to cook kissels from natural fruits and berries allowed for consumption.

For better assimilation food to be consumed enough fluids throughout the day. The usual rate is 200 ml hourly. These can be juices allowed for consumption, decoctions of medicinal plants, or simply boiled water. Drinks should be drunk slowly, taking small sips. A gulp of swallowed liquid is absorbed much worse.

To ensure the required amount of trace elements, you need to include compote from dried fruits such as dried apricots, raisins or prunes in the diet. You can also prepare a decoction of carrots or potatoes, previously chopped on a coarse grater.

Porridges cooked in water or milk are very useful for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. For their preparation are usually used:

semolina;
oatmeal (flakes or cereals);
buckwheat.

Porridge is prepared with the minimum amount Sahara. You can add a little natural butter to the finished dish.

Puree soups with rice can be prepared from vegetables. For their preparation, the use of weak meat broth is allowed. Changeable combinations of ingredients allow you to create different dishes.

Before the end of cooking, add to the soup vegetable oil(sunflower or olive) and slightly dried flour. You can add some salt. It is better to refuse spices and spices.

You can also cook fish meals: fish soup or casserole, which can be garnished with mashed potatoes.

Soups, mashed potatoes and cereals should be prepared immediately before use. The finished dish can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 1 or 2 days. Soup and porridge should be consumed daily.

From dairy products in the diet include:

kefir;
low-fat sour cream;
yogurt;
curdled milk.

It will be very useful skim cheese. It can be mixed with dried fruits, baked apples or bananas. Added fruits must be cut into small pieces.

Vegetables are best boiled in the usual way or steamed. Breadcrumbs can be used for roasting vegetables.

Pathologies of the stomach, esophagus and intestines occupy a leading place in the list of the most common diseases of our time. And, in most cases, people themselves become the sources of problems.

Probability of getting dangerous disease The gastrointestinal tract increases many times with non-compliance with the diet and the wrong way life.

Often, doctors, having determined the type of ailment, prescribe a gentle type of therapy, and at the first stages recommend streamlining their menu, abandoning foods that irritate the gastric or esophageal mucosa. How effective is this diet?

Stomach ulcer

Such patients should also follow a sparing diet for gastrointestinal disease. The menu should include thermally, chemically and mechanically processed food.

The diet should include pureed vegetarian soups with the addition of cream and milk. Meat, fish (low-fat varieties) are allowed to be consumed only in boiled form (in the form of porridge, chicken and meat meatballs, as well as fish dumplings). You can eat mashed cottage cheese, acidophilus, sweet sour cream, kefir, yogurt, butter, cream, milk.

Despite the fact that milk is a complete nutritious product that contains the necessary for vital activity, regeneration and tissue growth nutrients some patients do not tolerate it well. In order to accustom the patient to milk, it is given in small portions at the very beginning of treatment. If a person does not get used, then you need to start giving soups diluted vegetable milk(walnut or almond) or cream.

Mucous soups excite gastric secretion weakly, in addition, the lining of the stomach is protected from mechanical irritation. For nutrition, soft-boiled eggs or in the form of a steamed omelette are very good. They contain protein, they do not have a serious load on the stomach.

The inclusion of butter in the diet makes it possible to increase the calorie content of food, suppress the secretion of the stomach. It must be remembered that oil, which is administered with carbohydrates and proteins, although it lowers the acidity of gastric juice, increases the period of secretion.

Fish and meat products, prepared in the form of loose quenelles, practically do not irritate the secretory apparatus of the stomach. Also, people with an ulcer can include dried white bread in their diet.

It is necessary to exclude sorrel, cabbage, spinach, but various fruits, sweet compotes, creams, jelly, jelly can be recommended.

Nutrition rules for a sick stomach and intestines

For chronic and acute illness of the digestive tract, it is extremely important to minimize the load on digestive tract and prevent the occurrence of fermentation processes. Patients should use a sparing and balanced menu during the diet in order to exclude the possibility of irritation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines.

They should follow these rules:

Main purpose therapeutic diet is to stimulate all recovery processes in the digestive tract. Mechanical and chemical exposure trace elements that are found in healthy and natural products.
Thanks to dietary nutrition, the patient will be able to minimize the excitability of the stomach. Light meals will be digested very quickly by the stomach, and from them the body will absorb all the substances necessary for full-fledged work.
Fermented milk products, as well as well-boiled cereals, should be present in the diet of patients.
Meat, poultry and fish can only be consumed boiled or baked, or a double boiler can be used in the cooking process.
All foods must be crushed before consumption. Patients can do this in any way available to them, for example, pass through a sieve, puree with a blender or grate.
Apples, cottage cheese and other products with high content acids in without fail must be heat treated.
Patients are strictly forbidden to eat hot dishes, as they can cause thermal damage to the gastric mucosa.
The daily calorie content of food consumed by patients should not be less than 2000 kcal.
The number of meals should be up to 6 times a day.
Patients with pathologies of the intestines and stomach should drink at least 2 liters of fluid daily.

Sample diet menu for diseases of the stomach and intestines

Before compiling diet menu you should definitely consult with your doctor. The gastroenterologist should consider individual characteristics and patient preferences. The menu for the week might look like this:

Monday. Breakfast - oatmeal with milk, 100 g low-fat cottage cheese, green tea. Lunch - chicken broth, 200 g of lean beef, rosehip broth. Snack - two apples. Dinner - rice porridge, bran bun.
Tuesday. Breakfast - fat-free yogurt, apple and pear salad. Lunch - baked fish, salad fresh vegetables. Snack - banana, a glass of kefir. Dinner - buckwheat, 100 g of baked turkey.
Wednesday. Breakfast - fat-free cottage cheese seasoned with 2 tablespoons of honey. Lunch - steam cutlets, mashed potatoes. Snack - pear or banana. Dinner - rice porridge, 150 g of boiled chicken.
Thursday. Breakfast - oatmeal with milk, grated apple. Lunch - vegetable broth, 150 g of boiled beef. Snack - pear or apple. Dinner - baked fish, vegetable salad.
Friday. Breakfast - three chicken eggs, a roll with bran. Lunch - fish casserole, rice porridge. Snack - 3 diet bread. Dinner - fish fillet with steamed vegetables.
Saturday. Breakfast - oatmeal with dried fruits. Lunch - spinach and cheese salad. Snack - a piece of watermelon. Dinner - steam cutlets, cucumber and tomato salad.
Sunday. Breakfast - low fat yogurt, four quail eggs. Lunch - baked fish, rice porridge. Snack - a piece of cottage cheese casserole. Dinner is a turkey sandwich.

Therapeutic diet for gastrointestinal disease: menu for the week

Depending on the symptoms of the disease of a particular organ of the digestive system, a certain diet is used. For example, table No. 4 is prescribed for colitis, dyskinesia and enterocolitis, No. 5 - for various liver diseases and inflammation of the pancreas, No. 1 - diet for erosion of the stomach, gastritis or ulcers, No. 16 - for duodenal ulcer, No. 2 - for chronic gastritis . Read more about the seven-day menu of different diets for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Number 1: for gastritis and stomach ulcers during the recovery period

A diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract according to 1 is prescribed during the recovery period, its goal is to eliminate foci of residual inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive system.

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The weekly menu is as follows:

Day one and three:

7:30-8:00 - buckwheat.
10:00-10:30 - vegetable puree (stewed carrots).
12:30-13:00 - soup with oatmeal.
15:00-15:30 - boiled egg.
17:30-18:00 - corn porridge.
20:00-20:30 - cottage cheese soufflé.

Day two and five:

7:30-8:00 - oatmeal.
10:00-10:30 - steamed omelet.
12:30-13:00 - fish soufflé and grated beets.
15:00-15:30 - buckwheat soup.
17:30-18:00 - kissel.
20:00-20:30 - semolina.

Day four and six:

7:30-8:00 - rice porridge.
10:00-10:30 - soft-boiled egg.
12:30-13:00 - mashed potatoes.
15:00-15:30 - barley soup.
17:30-18:00 - pear jelly.
20:00-20:30 - applesauce.

Day seven:

7:30-8:00 - semolina.
10:00-10:30 - steamed omelet.
12:30-13:00 - rice soup.
15:00-15:30 - vegetable puree.
17:30-18:00 - banana.
20:00-20:30 - kissel.

Diet table number 1 a

This type of dietary restrictions is a "tougher" version of table number 1, which is used for exacerbation of chronic gastritis, accompanied by various violations secretion of gastric juice, complicated gastric and (or) duodenal ulcers.

Usually diet table No. 1a is assigned simultaneously with bed rest.

With such nutrition, inflammation of the gastric mucosa quickly passes, erosive and ulcerative tissue defects gradually heal. Restrictions include a ban on the use of table salt and products that stimulate secretion. Calorie content can be reduced by reducing the daily amount of carbohydrates entering the body. Dishes should not be too hot or cold.

The consistency of food is liquid or mushy. The diet is fractional, that is, every 2–2.5 hours.

The list of allowed products contains dairy products, milk, boiled meat and fish (without fat), which should be rubbed through a sieve, as well as steamed dishes.

Diet number 2

Recommended for use in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as gastritis with reduced production of gastric juice or a complete lack of acidity, it also helps with chronic colitis, not suitable for the treatment of diseases of the pancreas.

List of products that can be consumed:

eggs,
milk,
cottage cheese,
ryazhenka and other fermented milk,
low-fat meat and fish,
cereals,
beans,
mushrooms,
grated cheese,
vegetables and fruits in any form,
yesterday's bread
a small amount of low fat ham
milk sausage,
sugar, honey, marmalade, cocoa, tea, coffee.

smoked meats, pickles, canned food,
various acidic and aggressive products that adversely affect the functioning of the digestive tract,
fatty meat and fish.

It is better to cook food for a couple, boil, stew, you can bake in foil or a baker's sleeve.

Food can be finely chopped, but it is better to give preference to a pureed and pureed state, viscous cereal soups and the like - this is better for the gastrointestinal tract.

Water consumption in pure form also limited to 1.5 liters per day.

Sample menu:

Breakfast: sweet pumpkin porridge with crackers;
Lunch: dried fruit puree, glass warm milk with honey;
Lunch: pearl barley soup with mushroom broth, vegetable salad;
Afternoon snack: cottage cheese casserole;
Dinner: dumplings or minced fish meatballs, rice porridge.

Nutrition during exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases: sparing diet

For nutrition during exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases with reduced gastric secretion, a diet with mechanical sparing of the stomach is used, but with moderate chemical stimulation of the gastric glands by food irritants. The conditions for eating are extremely important: a calm atmosphere, a beautifully served table, pleasant smells- all this contributes to the release of the so-called ignition gastric juice and improves the digestion of food.

During a diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, dishes are allowed varying degrees chopping and heat treatment: boiled, stewed, baked, fried without the formation of a rough crust, mashed dishes from products rich in connective tissue and fiber.

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Also, a diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract includes soups on weak, low-fat meat and fish broths, decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms, if tolerated - borscht, cabbage soup from fresh cabbage, beetroot with finely chopped vegetables, snacks from soaked herring. The diet for diseases of the stomach and intestines may include forshmak, salad from fresh tomatoes, jellies, mild cheese, fat-free ham, sturgeon and salmon caviar, finely chopped greens, spicy vegetables and, in moderation, spices.

During a sparing diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the following are excluded from the diet: fresh bread and flour products from rich and puff pastry, milk, pea and bean soups, okroshka, fatty meat, duck, goose, fatty, salted, smoked fish and canned food from it, hard-boiled eggs, radish, radish, mushrooms, gooseberries and other coarse vegetables and fruits, fatty and spicy sauces and seasonings, grape juice, carbonated drinks.

sample menu with gastrointestinal disease, calculated per day:

Breakfast: soft-boiled egg, cheese, oatmeal milk porridge, tea.
Lunch: meat broth with pasta, fried meat cutlets without breading with carrot puree, jelly.
Afternoon snack: rosehip broth with cookies.
Dinner: aspic fish, rice pudding with fruit sauce, tea.
At night: kefir or other fermented milk drinks.

Whatever the disease is, the doctor is highly likely to recommend that his patient adhere to one or another. After all, a healthy balanced diet will significantly speed up the treatment of any ailment!

When the patient suffers from problems with the digestive tract, compliance with a number of rules when eating ceases to be just a recommendation, but becomes, no less, a prerequisite for recovery.

Moreover, in the event that the patient's digestive disorders are chronic, the diet should become his constant. good habit. Some indulgences are permissible only for those patients whose disease is in a "dormant" stage and has not manifested itself as alarming symptoms for a long time.

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is required!

With functional dyspepsia, a properly selected diet can minimize all unpleasant symptoms of this disease.

The main thing is to take into account the nature of the manifestations of the disease in each case. However, the basic principles of nutrition in various forms of FD will not differ from each other:

the patient's diet should be as balanced as possible both in terms of energy value and in terms of the amount different kind nutrients in consumed products;
the patient should eat strictly according to the regimen; preferably - fractionally, that is, often and in small portions, avoiding overeating;
the patient is recommended to drink all the food he eats with ordinary food; dry food is not allowed;
as for the choice of specific dishes, it will be specific for each type of FD; of the general recommendations, one can only name the rejection of excessively fatty and other hard-to-digest foods.

What about bad habits? Is abstinence from alcohol a prerequisite for successful treatment functional? In fact, doctors have not yet established whether there is any connection between the development of the mentioned disease and the regular use of alcohol.

Nevertheless, practicing gastroenterologists have repeatedly noted that the complete abstinence from alcohol contributes to smoothing out most of the symptoms of FD. The situation is similar with the use of caffeinated drinks.

For other, more serious disorders (for example, attacks of acute gastritis), the patient is shown a strict diet, and more specifically, therapeutic fasting. So, the patient is recommended to spend a day and a half on the same water.

At the same time, you should drink as often as possible (at least one glass of liquid every hour). It is permissible to replace water with weak infusions of medicinal herbs. One way or another, the liquid should be taken little by little, in small sips.

Given that exacerbations are often accompanied by vomiting, the patient may need to replenish the supply minerals in your body. Specialists will help solve the problem medicinal powders with a high content of potassium and sodium salts, which can be purchased at a pharmacy.

If a special preparation is not at hand, you can cope with the deficiency of essential trace elements by drinking a solution of ordinary table salt (one teaspoon of seasoning is enough for a glass of boiling water).

Dried fruit compote will be no less useful for gastritis. So, raisins, prunes and dried apricots are rich in potassium necessary for a person. Contain this useful trace element (albeit in smaller quantities) and some vegetables, such as carrots or. However, the patient should not eat them “in pure form” during an attack of gastritis.

It is best to take a decoction of these vegetables, grated on a coarse grater before cooking.

A sparing diet for chronic gastritis

Diet for chronic gastritis has some features.

Remarkably, the sparing diet menu for each patient is compiled individually, based on data on the presence or absence of intolerance to certain products, as well as information on the exact diagnosis of the patient and the stage of development of the disease identified in him. There are, however, general recommendations regarding the mentioned type of food:

any dishes within the described diet are served to the patient in liquid form or in the form (mechanical sparing);
the patient is shown the rejection of foods rich in dietary fiber, organic acids and other irritants (chemical sparing);
the patient is allowed only dishes prepared by cooking or steaming (that is, those that are digested as quickly and easily as possible).

In other words, the patient cannot: nothing fried, baked, or even stewed; nothing fatty - including sauces based on meat, fish or mushrooms; nothing spicy or spicy, as well as salty, pickled or pickled; nothing containing caffeine and no carbonated drinks; no cold desserts based on ice cream.

In this case, the patient can: dairy products; semi-viscous cereals and steamed omelettes; vegetables and lean meat - strictly pureed; dried or stale wheat bread.

The patient should adhere to the diet described above for at least a week from the moment of exacerbation of the disease. After that, he is supposed to switch to a healthy diet. That is - start taking the usual lumpy food. Otherwise, the patient may develop additional digestive problems caused precisely by the specifics of a sparing diet.

Therapeutic nutrition for problems with the stomach and intestines

Therapeutic nutrition for stomach problems has a positive effect.

This article has already mentioned this principle. healthy eating like mechanical sparing. As a rule, it is used in cases where the disease of the gastrointestinal tract is in the acute stage, and the patient is difficult.

As one of the most common tools for the implementation of mechanical sparing, wiping any food prepared for the patient is used.

Of course, when it comes to chronic illness, the role is played not only by the form of serving the dish, but also by the composition of the products included in it. Below is one of the options for a sparing diet suitable for patients suffering from serious problems with stomach or intestines:

First breakfast: viscous rice porridge cooked on; soft-boiled egg; tea with milk.
Lunch: baked apple(possibly with added sugar).
Lunch: oatmeal soup boiled in milk; carrot puree; lean meat meatballs cooked in a double boiler; fresh fruit mousse.
Snack: wheat flour croutons; .
Dinner: mashed potatoes; fish (boiled or baked with milk sauce); tea with milk.
Before going to bed: a glass of something dairy (cream, non-acidic yogurt, acidophilus, etc.).

There is a variant of the described diet and does not imply wiping products. It is suitable for those patients whose disease is sluggish, without causing significant discomfort. Sample menu:

First breakfast: crumbly buckwheat porridge; soft-boiled egg; tea with milk.
Second breakfast: non-acidic cottage cheese; rosehip decoction.
Lunch: vegetarian potato soup; meat (boiled or baked with bechamel sauce); boiled; dried fruit compote (the fruits themselves can only be boiled).
Snack: wheat flour croutons; decoction wheat bran(possibly with added sugar).
Dinner: fish (boiled or baked with milk sauce); carrot and apple roll; tea with milk.
Before going to bed: a glass of something dairy (cream, non-acidic yogurt or kefir, acidophilus, etc.).

As soon as the disease passes the stage of exacerbation, the patient should return to his usual diet. However, some restrictions on his diet will still remain. So, the patient will have to completely exclude from his diet fatty meats, fish and poultry, mushrooms, as well as most sources of coarse fiber.

At decreased secretion stomach - sparing diet.

Speaking of sparing diets, it is impossible not to mention their special type. It's about about such a diet, in which there is a targeted stimulation of the secretion of gastric juice.

It is important to understand that such a diet can only be prescribed by a doctor and only after a specific diagnosis has been made to the patient.

So, what are the basic principles of the said diet? Firstly, it is the selection of certain foods stimulating the digestion of the patient.

Secondly, the creation of the “right” entourage (scientists have proven that pleasant smells, a calm atmosphere and beautiful table setting can increase the production of gastric juice).

What foods are allowed to be consumed by patients sitting on this type of sparing diet? Doctors recommend that such patients include in their diet soups on low-fat broths (fish, meat, vegetable or even mushroom), borscht, cabbage soup and beetroot, jelly, low-fat ham and mild cheese, soaked herring and fresh caviar (sturgeon or keto), tomatoes and herbs and spices.

The latter, of course, in moderation. But flour (especially products made from puff and pastry) and dairy, fatty, smoked and overly salty, hard-boiled eggs, and, in addition, some fruits, berries and vegetables (for example, grapes, gooseberries, radishes, radishes, peas and beans) should not be consumed as part of the described diet.

Also, the patient is advised to exclude any carbonated drinks from his diet. Usually, doctors themselves help patients navigate the list of restrictions, giving them an approximate menu for the day. Below is one of options for scheduled meals:

Breakfast: oatmeal cooked with milk; soft-boiled egg; cheese; tea.
Lunch: meat broth seasoned with vermicelli; fried without breading meat cutlets; carrot puree; jelly.
Afternoon snack: cookies; rosehip decoction.
Dinner: jellied fish; rice pudding with fruit sauce; tea.
Before going to bed: a glass or other fermented milk drink.

Proper nutrition for stomach or duodenal ulcers

Proper nutrition with a stomach ulcer as a life position.

Of course, it is impossible to cure an ulcer with proper nutrition. The task of the diet this case is only to reduce negative consequences, arising from the abundant. Remarkably, doctors do not give general recommendations in this regard.

It is believed that the patient should model a diet for himself, excluding from his diet those foods that cause discomfort to him personally.

The only restrictions prescribed to all patients with an ulcer, without exception, relate to the complete rejection of alcohol and snacks at night. After all, alcohol and late dinners stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which, naturally, exacerbates the symptoms of the disease.

Special nutrition is prescribed for patients with only during periods of exacerbations. So, if the patient has bleeding, he is prescribed fasting for a period of 1 to 3 days. If the patient is on inpatient treatment, he receives the necessary nutrients during this period intravenously, through droppers.

Then the patient is allowed a small amount (no more than 1.5 glasses per day) of chilled liquid food. And only after a considerable period of time, solid foods are introduced into the patient's diet (soft-boiled eggs, fish and meat souffles, mashed vegetables or). During such periods, the attending physician strictly monitors the nutrition of the patient. Any (even minimal) deviations from his recommendations can threaten not only the health, but also the life of the patient.

Learn more about nutritional therapy in the video:

Therapeutic diet for pyloric stenosis

Pyloric stenosis is a condition in which food cannot pass freely from the stomach into the duodenum. This disease is treated with. Until the moment the patient is scheduled for surgery, he needs special nutrition to alleviate his condition.

The essence of the therapeutic diet prescribed for pyloric stenosis is to reduce the amount of carbohydrates consumed by the patient. To achieve the goal, starchy foods are almost completely excluded from the patient's diet. So, the daily rate of consumption of bread, cereals or potatoes for a patient with pyloric stenosis should not exceed 250 grams (in total).

The resulting calorie deficit is compensated by increasing the intake of proteins and fats. As for the diet, they transfer to three meals a day. In this case, the patient is forbidden to eat at night and drink plenty of fluids.

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Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to drug treatment, always assumes the use special food. It is very important to know what a sparing diet should be for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, we will consider the menu and nutritional features.

General features food

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, unlike other systems human body, plays a decisive role in medical tactics, since it is the mucous membrane of the intestinal tube that is primarily exposed to aggressive factors contained in food. Below I will give the basic basics of nutrition in this pathology.

The ratio of the main nutrients should correspond to the norm (with the subsidence of acute phenomena);
Complete elimination of overeating;
Fractional meals, at least 5 small meals per day. Often even more is recommended;
Avoid dry snacks;
Complete exclusion (during periods of exacerbation) and significant restriction of irritating foods: fatty, fried, spicy, sour;
Complete exclusion of indigestible foods: mushrooms and the like;
Exclusion of alcohol;

In addition, smoking cessation, since nicotine increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid.

Features of the diet for acute gastritis

In the first couple of days, you can stick to a starvation diet. Drinking plenty of water is recommended. Subsequently, the patient is shown fractional nutrition, 5-6 times a day. The diet of falling will include the most sparing dishes: low-fat broth, rosehip broth, pureed cereals, jelly, non-acidic jelly, strained soups.

After the acute phenomena subside completely, the diet can be expanded by introducing the following products: compotes, vegetable puree, chopped lean meat cutlets, steamed, dried bread.

Features of the diet for chronic gastritis

For the most part, nutrition in chronic gastritis corresponds to that in the subsidence of acute gastritis. Small meals recommended. Sample menu: low-fat fish or meat dishes, puree soups, compotes from non-acidic fruits. Reasonable use of weak coffee, tea, cocoa is acceptable. It is possible to consume dairy products, with the exception of spicy cheeses.

Features of the diet for peptic ulcer

Unlike gastritis (inflammation), during periods of exacerbations there should not be hungry days. The patient is recommended to use the following products: soft-boiled eggs, omelettes, mashed soups, white bread, pureed cereals. Fish or meat dishes are prepared exclusively by steaming. Complete exclusion of hot and too cold dishes.

Treatment tables according to Pevzner for gastrointestinal pathology

Tables (diets) according to Pevzner are a whole comprehensive system of dietary nutrition, taking into account the individual characteristics of various diseases. For the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, several diets are intended at once.

Table number 1

Indications: peptic ulcer outside the stage of exacerbation, chronic gastritis out of exacerbation acute gastritis in remission (remission).

general description. The diet is complete energy point vision. Shows full respect. All products that can somehow stimulate the secretion of gastric juice are excluded. Food is recommended to be taken 6 times a day. Sample menu:

First breakfast: oatmeal, jelly, non-acidic fruit juice.
Second breakfast: dried fruit compote, lean cookies, a glass of milk.
Lunch: puree soup, low-fat cutlets, vegetable salads, a glass of tea.
Afternoon snack: vegetable salad, couple chicken eggs soft-boiled;
Dinner: steamed fish.
At night: low-fat kefir, dry biscuits.

Table number 1a

Indications: acute gastritis, chronic gastritis with hyperacidity, peptic ulcer in the acute stage, acute enterocolitis.

General description. This diet is a stricter version of the previous table. Energetically defective. You can stick to it only for a limited time, no more than a week. Complete sparing of the mucous membrane is shown. Products that can enhance the secretory activity of the gastrointestinal tract are excluded. Eating 6 times a day. Sample menu:

First breakfast: soft-boiled eggs, a glass of milk.
Second breakfast: buckwheat porridge (mashed) and a glass of milk.
Lunch: oatmeal soup, steamed chicken, non-acidic fruit juice or unsweetened compote.
Snack: rosehip decoction, a glass of milk.
Dinner: rice porridge, milk.
At night: a glass of milk with low fat content.

Table number 1b

Indications: peptic ulcer in the stage of subsiding clinical manifestations, acute gastritis. General description: making a smooth transition from table 1a to a more complete diet. The diet from an energy point of view should be almost complete. You should reduce your intake of carbohydrates. Foods that stimulate secretion are excluded from the diet. Eating 6 times a day. Sample menu:

First breakfast: steam omelet, semolina, a glass of milk.
Second breakfast: milk and dry biscuits.
Lunch: milk soup, mashed potatoes, meat soufflé.
Afternoon snack: crackers from white bread plus a decoction of wild rose.
Dinner: cottage cheese casserole, fruit jelly.
At night: milk.

Conclusion

For the successful treatment of intestinal diseases, it is very important to normalize the activity nervous system, the imbalance of which extremely negatively affects the work of all departments of the gastrointestinal tract.

It is critical to completely eliminate any stressors. Strictly adhere to the medical and protective regimen recommended by the specialist. Quit smoking and alcohol completely. Then a sparing diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the menu of which is given above, will give a result. Everything works together!