Features of ventilation of multi-storey buildings: arrangement of exhaust and supply ventilation in the apartment. Ventilation hood in a blind room with plastic windows: dormitory, dressing room, smoking area

Plastic windows, armored doors, on the one hand, maintain the desired temperature in the premises, and on the other hand, they cause problems with air exchange. A well-arranged hood in a private house will relieve the feeling of mustiness and condensation. In most cases, this is the only way to create a healthy microclimate in it.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the options for exhaust devices that can improve the microclimate. Together with you, we analyze the production of calculations using a specific example. We have described in detail the process of installing a forced type of hood for those who want to do the installation themselves.

The information provided is based on regulatory requirements. The information is complemented by illustrations, step-by-step photo guides, diagrams, tables and videos.

Both in public buildings and in private homes, different types of ventilation systems are used. They differ in purpose, in the way of activating the air flow and advancing air masses. , designed to supply clean air to the house, is called supply air.

The design, the function of which is to remove the exhaust air outside the room, is called exhaust. A special mission is carried out by ventilation with recirculation. In this case, a part of the air removed from the room is mixed with cold outdoor air masses, with further heating of this mixture to the set temperature and its return to the room.

Air movement occurs as a result of processes that occur naturally due to the displacement of cold air, which has a greater volumetric weight, heated air, which has a lighter weight, from the room.

The flow in such a system moves at a low speed, since the weight of the warm and cold masses differs by a small amount. it is irrational to use ventilation with a natural impulse if its horizontal length exceeds 8 m.

More efficient is a system with artificial activation of the air flow, provided by the operation of the fans. The air ducts in this case are long and can pass through several rooms. Elements of the system are most often placed in the attic. This option is justified for buildings of a large area.

There is a division into channel and non-channel systems. In the first case, air moves through channels and air ducts, in the second, there is no organized air movement. In this case, you have to open window transoms, doors. Natural ventilation creates more comfortable conditions for the residents of the house.

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The ventilation system, focused on the removal of the exhaust air mass, frees up space for the entry of fresh air

According to the method of exhaust air removal, exhaust ventilation schemes are divided into duct and non-duct

According to the type of inducing air flow to move, ventilation systems are natural, forced and combined. In natural variants, air moves without the use of mechanical means, in combined ones, mechanical means and the laws of physics are used.

In forced versions of the exhaust ventilation device, air is removed due to the operation of a suction fan installed in the exhaust duct.

A powerful supply and exhaust system is usually located in the attic of the house. Air ducts are protected with foil insulation

Forced exhaust systems are mainly equipped with rooms with unstable indicators of humidity and temperature. In kitchens, they are more than appropriate.

The exhaust fan in the bathroom will provide a quick decrease in humidity, which will eliminate the appearance of mold and protect building structures with finishes from destruction.

To check the operation of the hood of a natural system, it is enough to attach a sheet of paper to the grate. If it is not pressed by the air flow, the exhaust duct does not work.

If there are doubts about folk remedies, you should contact the management company to check the system with technical means

For the device of the exhaust duct, we will use a corrugated pipe. We try it on the installation site, if necessary, modify the hole

In fact, we mark the attachment points of the dome, with which we will mask the exhaust device with an air duct

We install dowels into the holes drilled according to the marking, into which we twist the screws

We cut the corrugated exhaust channel in accordance with the required dimensions. Cut with regular scissors

We attach the camouflage dome to the place of its future location, check the horizontals with verticals and the length of the corrugation

We connect the hood inside the dome to the exhaust duct. At first we slightly compress the corrugation so that it then fits snugly, having straightened out in the hole

The ventilation system is an important communication of any home, without which a comfortable life is simply impossible. In the case of apartments, the owner does not have to worry about its construction. At most, he will need to install an additional hood or fans.

In private houses, everything is much more complicated. During their construction, it is necessary to prepare a high-quality project of the ventilation system and think through everything to the last detail: select air ducts, determine the type of system, make calculations, etc. In this regard, the question "how to make ventilation in a private house" requires a detailed answer.

The need for an efficient ventilation system

A good ventilation system should work efficiently and without interruption. Therefore, its design and installation requires special attention. An important condition that must be observed is that the number of incoming fresh air flows must be equal to the amount of exhausted exhaust air masses.

If there is more inflow, the stuffiness in the house will increase and air circulation will worsen. If the output rate is higher, then the room will lose heat very quickly. Only proper ventilation in a private house can provide comfort for life. Therefore, before designing it, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic theoretical information, as well as with the norms and requirements.

Requirements and norms

To create optimal conditions for living in private homes, it is necessary that the ventilation system be able to provide the required air exchange. Ideally, when each room in the house receives 60 cubic meters of air volume for an hour.

To achieve ideal parameters will allow a quality project. However, when creating it, it must be taken into account that a certain amount of fresh air must enter a certain room. The rules look like this:

It is important to understand that not only the above premises should be ventilated, but also living rooms, utility rooms, etc. In order to create an ideal ventilation project, it is necessary to add up the air exchange rates of each room in the house and calculate the average value. In the process of this, it is necessary to ensure that the actual amount of air exchange exceeds the minimum rate.

Kinds

There are many types of ventilation systems. They are classified among themselves according to several parameters.

• Functional differences:
  • supply - provides inflows of fresh air;
  • exhaust - provides the removal of exhaust air masses outside the house;
  • recirculation - supplies fresh streams with a small admixture of exhaust air.
• air circulation method.
  • ductless - fresh air enters naturally through windows, doors, etc.;
  • channel - air flows circulate through a specially created network of channels.
• Principle of operation.
  • natural - ventilation of the room is carried out in a natural way;
  • mechanical - ventilation of rooms occurs due to the operation of specialized mechanisms and devices.

Natural ventilation in a private house

Natural ventilation in a private house works due to the intake of fresh air flows through windows, doorways, walls, etc. The removal of exhaust air masses in such ventilation is also simple.

Fresh air flows push the exhaust upwards, which in turn enter the duct system and are removed from the house. This is due to temperature differences. This method of ventilation of the room is the best for the home.

It is very easy to make natural ventilation in a private house during its construction. It is enough to create a high-quality and thoughtful project and perform accurate calculations. To do this, it is enough to have minimal theoretical knowledge. Installation of the structure can be easily performed using conventional tools.

Forced ventilation in a private house

The forced ventilation system in the house is used when natural circulation is not enough. It is quite often used in modern wooden houses made of glued timber, which has a fairly high level of tightness.

The principle of operation and the forced ventilation device is divided into three types:

• supply - with a lack of fresh air masses, fans and other mechanisms are used to provide additional air in the room;
• exhaust - is used to speed up the process of removing exhaust air flows, allows you to get rid of stuffiness and high humidity in the room;
• mixed - the two types described above are used in parallel (work simultaneously).

Calculation

The performance of the ventilation system depends on whether the incoming and outgoing air flows correspond to the conditions of the house. It is quite easy to calculate ventilation in a private house with your own hands; to do this, it is enough to use simple formulas.

The first step is to calculate the air exchange rate. This indicator shows the number of complete replacements of exhaust air with fresh air in one. For most rooms in a private house, one is enough. In boiler rooms, kitchens and bathrooms, parameter 2-3 is used. It is worth saying that when calculating the air exchange rate, it is necessary to take into account not only the area of ​​\u200b\u200brooms in the house, but also the number of people living in it.

The described parameter is calculated according to the following formula: L = n * V, where:

• L is the performance of the structure providing air inflow;
• n is the rate of air exchange rate for a particular room;
• V is the area of ​​the room.

Design

The ventilation design of the house should provide air circulation in the following way: air circulation should occur in the direction from the cleanest rooms to the most polluted. When drawing up diagrams and drawings of the project, the location of valves and fans must take this into account.

Typical ventilation design involves placing the hood in the bathrooms and in the kitchen. In turn, the mechanism that provides air flow is located in each room, with the exception of rooms equipped with an exhaust hood.

What to Consider

When installing a modern ventilation system in a house, it is necessary to take into account the main criteria by which equipment is selected. These include:

• the maximum possible power of the ventilation unit;
• the value of the working pressure;
• noise level.

The rate of circulation and replacement of exhaust air flows depends on the cross-section of the air ducts and their location. To ensure its high value, it is necessary to create a system of ventilation ducts of the same diameter and ensure the minimum number of turns.

When building a house

When building a private house from scratch, you need to pay increased attention to the ventilation system. At the stage of building walls, it is required to carry out calculations according to the above formula and, based on the data obtained, create a ventilation system.

This is done in order to hide the communications of the ventilation system within the walls of the house. This will not only save the amount of free space in the premises, but also preserve their interior and design.

In addition to this, if it is planned, either, then it is necessary to immediately take into account their ventilation, and make mortgages at the stage of work with the foundation of the building. The same applies to the basement, and other underground facilities.

In a finished house

Installation of a ventilation system already in a built house is more difficult to perform. You need to create a project of channels that can be placed among other communications. It is also necessary to take into account the importance of natural air exchange (air entering through doors, windows, etc.) and, based on the data obtained, create a forced ventilation project.

Ways to organize the right system

As already mentioned, in addition to natural circulation in the house, there are three options for the design of ventilation in a private house. Each of them is used in certain situations and has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Supply

The principle of operation of ventilation of the supply type is to provide an additional influx of fresh air flows. This process is carried out through a special air valve. Depending on the specific model of the ventilation unit, it may have additional features such as air filtration, heating, humidification, etc.

Many people are wondering "how to install forced ventilation in the house." To do this is quite simple. It is enough just to have minimal theoretical knowledge and basic skills in working with tools. Supply dampers can be installed in walls, windows, ducts, etc. Such a system is used when there is a lack of fresh air inflows.

exhaust

The hood is used in cases where it is necessary to accelerate the removal of exhaust air masses. Fans are installed in ventilation grilles. In most cases, the hood is installed in kitchens, bathrooms and toilets, since it is in these rooms that the air is most polluted.

There are two main types of hoods. The difference between them is that the first one always works, and the work of the second one can be controlled. Enable or disable, adjust the operating power, etc.

The hood is used in cases where the process of removing exhaust air masses is slow. It is important to observe the condition under which the volume of incoming fresh air will be equal to the amount of exhaust air.

Supply and exhaust (the best option)

Supply and exhaust ventilation in the house, which is also called complex, is also easy to install. You can install it with your own hands. In fact, this type of ventilation system consists of supply and exhaust mechanisms that work simultaneously.

Supply and exhaust ventilation is the best option for airing the house. This is due to the possibility of adjusting the amount of incoming air masses and the speed of removal of exhaust air. It is necessary that these two parameters be equal, otherwise the room will be stuffy or cold.

With heat recovery

Ventilation with heat recovery is a system that heats the incoming air flows due to the temperature of the exhaust masses. A design like this can save you a lot of money.

However, the equipment of such a system will cost a fairly large amount. This is due to the complex design. The fact is that in order to create a ventilation system with heat recovery, it is necessary to connect the supply ducts with the exhaust ducts. To accomplish this task, a large amount of materials and calculations are required.

The peculiarity of such ventilation is that it can only work forcibly. However, all costs are fully justified, since in the end most of the heat remains in the room thanks to the system.

How to make ventilation in a private house with your own hands

The procedure for self-installation of a ventilation system in a private house can be divided into several main stages.

1. Calculations and design. The first step is to calculate the required air exchange. This can be done using the formula above.
2. Choice of section of air ducts. After calculations, it is necessary to determine the diameters of the system channels. A small value will result in permanent pollution, a large value will result in noise and loss of performance. When installing channels, it is necessary to reduce the number of turns to a minimum.
3. Selecting the type of ventilation. As already mentioned, the most optimal option is the supply and exhaust system.
4. Drawing up a channel layout.
5. Determination of the location of the intake and output of air flows.
6. Direct installation of ventilation.

By performing accurate calculations, using high-quality materials and strictly following the described algorithm, creating a ventilation system with your own hands is very simple.

Installing a fan in a bathroom

Installing a fan in a bathroom is a simple procedure that will ensure high-quality air circulation. The first step is to determine the location of the structure. Most often, it is installed in an outlet connected to a common ventilation system.

To install the fan, you must follow the following step-by-step instructions.

1. Connect the fan to the mains. The switching procedure can be carried out using a button located directly on the structure, or you can bring it to a conventional switch near the bathroom.
2. Next, you need to remove the protective cover and fix the structures at the outlet of the vent with polymer glue or liquid nails.
3. The last step is to install the protective cover and check the operation of the installed structure.

Extraction device

The principle of operation of the exhaust fan is as follows:

• the air in the room is heated by heating devices, breathing of residents, etc.;
• fresh air enters the room and creates increased pressure due to the temperature difference, due to which the exhaust air masses rise to the ceiling of the room;
• The exhaust fan draws air from the upper part of the room into the ventilation ducts, through which it is subsequently removed from the house.

Supply ventilation with a diffuser or grille

Fresh air is supplied through ventilation ducts. Elements such as diffusers and grilles are responsible for its uniform distribution throughout the room. They allow air to spread evenly around the room, which prevents the formation of stagnation.

Diffusers and grilles are classified according to several parameters:

• shape - round, rectangular or square;
• the size;
• additional options - built-in fans, hoods, humidifiers, heaters, etc.

Supply ventilation with supply valve

Supply ventilation, working due to supply valves, is the easiest way to create a ventilation system. A valve is a structure that can be installed in walls, windows, doors, etc.

Air enters from the street through the valves and enters the room. very easy. To do this, just follow the following instructions.

1. Decide on the location of the structure. Most often, such structures are mounted in the space under the windows or in the walls.
2. Regardless of the selected location, it is necessary to drill a through hole at an angle in the downward direction (this is required to prevent water, dust, etc. from entering the room).
3. Next, you need to install the valve and fix it in the hole.
4. The remaining space in the hole made is sealed with sealant.

When choosing the number of supply valves, it is necessary to take into account the rate of removal of exhaust air masses. The hood must have time to remove the amount of used air equal to the volume of incoming air. In this case, the efficiency of the ventilation system will be maximum.

How to properly ventilate with a duct system

How to make natural ventilation in a private house? The procedure for installing a ventilation system is divided into two parts: installing the necessary equipment and creating a duct system. It is worth dwelling on the second one. When installing ventilation ducts, the following features must be taken into account:

• it is best to place air ducts in the walls - this will increase the temperature difference in the winter season and increase the level of traction;
• rectangular ducts take up less space, but round ducts are easier to install and less prone to contamination;
• it is necessary to use wide ventilation ducts - this will also have a positive effect on traction;
• ideally, it is required to use air ducts of the same section, if this is not possible due to circumstances, then the connection of pipes of different diameters should be smooth, the bevel angle should not exceed thirty degrees;
• the internal space of the channels should be as smooth as possible;
• it is necessary to minimize the number of turns in the system, by the way, each turn reduces the ventilation performance by about ten percent.

Following the above tips, creating the right duct system is very simple. Installation of channels is easy to carry out using conventional tools and fasteners.

As a result, you can understand that it is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question "what kind of ventilation to choose for a private house." The calculation and design of the scheme is based on many parameters: the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, the number of residents, the level of natural ventilation, etc. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the required air exchange rate for one person, which is equal to 10 cubic meters per hour.

Most people opt for a supply and exhaust ventilation system. This is due to the following factors:

• the ability to adjust the working power;
• ensuring a good influx of fresh air and high-quality output of exhaust air masses;
• ease of installation, etc.

However, in some cases, the installation of such a system will not be appropriate. When choosing one or another type, it is necessary to be based on the available air exchange. With a lack of fresh air, a supply unit will be required, with a low speed of air mass removal, an exhaust unit. The main condition that must be observed in any home is that the volume of incoming air must be equal to the amount of output.

Ventilation is required for any room: residential, utility or special purpose. About how the ventilation of dressing rooms, smoking rooms should be arranged, as well as how to do it yourself in a room with plastic windows, read on.

Dressing room ventilation

The dressing room must certainly be ventilated, otherwise an unpleasant smell cannot be avoided. Most often, dressing rooms do not have heating radiators, which means that the humidity is higher here: good conditions are created for the development of mold and microbes. Therefore, you need to take care of ventilation in a deaf room. Few owners know everything about how to organize ventilation in a room.

There are several options for ventilation in the dressing room:

blind room ventilation

As a rule, forced-type ventilation is made in deaf rooms without windows. Natural air exchange in such cases is not effective enough, so you have to go to additional costs.

There are several types of installations suitable for ventilation of blind rooms. Calculations made in accordance with the rules allow achieving maximum efficiency.

If the area of ​​a deaf room does not exceed 40 sq. meters, a supply ventilation unit is suitable, providing an influx of 120 cubic meters of air per hour. It is hung on the outer wall and does not require special care.

More expensive models are equipped with several modes of operation, they function in frost.

One of the most convenient ways of ventilation for a deaf room can be considered an air conditioner with an air supply.

A budget option for an air handling unit for a room without windows is to make a supply fan. It can draw air both from the street, if it is built into the outer wall, and from the neighboring room. Such a ventilation solution in the room can be equipped with your own hands.

The removal of exhaust air from a dead room is done, as in the case of a dressing room, using a gap under the door or a grate in its lower part.

Ventilation of a room with plastic windows

In rooms with plastic windows, ventilation is provided in several ways:

1. Micro-ventilation.
2. Window inlet valve.
3. Wall supply valve.

Micro-ventilation does not require any special costs. This function is inherent in the design of any windows.

But this method of ventilation of rooms with plastic windows has disadvantages:

• cold air enters the room, creating a draft and lowering the temperature;
• in frost, the window sash freezes over, frost and frost accumulate on it;
• air exchange is not controlled.

Window and wall supply valves are very convenient and meet all modern requirements.

The supply valve for ventilation of a room with plastic windows is installed on the sash. You can choose adjustable or non-adjustable model. The valve creates a flow of air directed towards the ceiling, which mixes with the heated air of the room, creating a secondary convection.

The principle of operation of the wall valve is similar. But it is installed in the outer wall. It is best to place the valve above the radiator so that the cold air "flows" down, warms up and enters the room. Wall supply valves for ventilation of rooms with plastic windows can be manually or automatically regulated. Such devices are equipped with humidity sensors, an air filter. The main disadvantage of wall air inlets is that a hole with a diameter of 5–10 cm must be made in the bearing wall.

All air supply devices described above work effectively only in apartments with a normally functioning centralized exhaust hood.

The exhaust air from the room flows into the corridor, then into the bathroom or into the kitchen. From here, through the general house ventilation system, it is pulled out into the street.

How to organize the ventilation of a room if the general ventilation system is hopelessly clogged and there is no hood from the apartment? Forced forced ventilation into the room is provided. An air overpressure is created, squeezing out the waste masses through non-working ventilation grills in the kitchen and in the bathroom, leaks in the front door. In such cases, exhaust fans built into the ventilation grilles of the kitchen and toilet help to strengthen the outflow of air.

Dorm room ventilation

Most often, they think about how to make ventilation in a dorm room by installing a shower cabin in it. The problem of dampness and mold is also faced by the owners of the room with its own adjacent shower room.

Directly from the shower stall with your own hands, you can stretch the exhaust ventilation duct to the window of the room, the load-bearing wall or the common house riser. From the side of the cabin, an exhaust fan is built into the box, which is resistant to high humidity. The second end of the pipe is displayed outside the room. Many owners of dorm rooms hide the ventilation duct they made under a stretch or plasterboard ceiling.

If the question is about how to make the ventilation in the dorm room complete, you should pay attention to compact room units with recuperation. They make it possible to provide supply and exhaust ventilation of the room without running air ducts and without changing the height of the ceiling.

The unit for supply and exhaust ventilation of a room is hung on a load-bearing wall and serves the room in which it is located.

The owner can equip such ventilation of the room with his own hands, if there is access to the outer wall. To make ventilation in the room you will need mounting foam, a perforator. In just a couple of hours, excellent supply and exhaust ventilation of the room is ready.

Tubes with a diameter of 75 - 125 mm are pulled into the holes. One serves to supply outdoor air, filtered and heated. Through the second tube, room air is blown out, having previously given off heat through the heat exchanger to fresh supply air.

One room ventilation device can handle 25 sq. meters of area, providing a double exchange of air. Electricity consumption depends on the outside temperature. Up to -10, up to 0.01 kilowatts per hour is consumed, and at -15 or less, up to 0.6 kilowatts per hour. Savings come from recycling.

Smoking room ventilation

Excellent ventilation is one of the most important conditions for the comfort of people in the smoking room and the premises adjacent to it. With poor air exchange, harmful tobacco smoke will spread throughout the floor. How to make ventilation in a smoking room efficient and economical?

The effectiveness of the ventilation of the smoking room is judged by the content of triethylpyridine (3-EP) in the air. In order to maintain concentration in acceptable aisles, in public buildings visited by a large number of people, it is necessary to equip the supply and exhaust ventilation systems for smoking rooms.

Air exchange should be 10 - 14 times, but no more, so as not to create a feeling of draft.

On average, per 1 sq. meter of the smoking room is supposed to accommodate 1 person.

The air flow into the ventilated room should be (in cubic meters per hour per 1 person):

• with strong smoke- 70 - 100 cubic meters;
• with medium smoke emission- 35 - 40 cubic meters.

A simplified scheme for the ventilation of a smoking room: mixing fresh and exhaust air, removing it. This system is quite inexpensive to install and maintain. Clean air is supplied to the room, mixed with smoke. At the same time, the content of toxic fumes is reduced. A serious disadvantage of such a room ventilation device is the poor efficiency and distribution of smoky air throughout the entire volume of the room.

The displacement scheme of the smoking room ventilation device is more modern and efficient. The influx of fresh air replaces the entire volume of the room. The advantages of this method are obvious - you can clearly calculate the frequency of air exchange, and people breathe clean air for some time. Minus - rather expensive equipment.

Therefore, a third scheme was developed based on the physical properties of tobacco smoke. The flow of air into the smoking room is supplied from below, where ventilation grilles are equipped for this. Warm cigarette smoke rushes to the ceiling of the room, there are outlet channels. From below, the smoke props up the cool street air. If a vacuum of 5 Pa is provided in the smoking room compared to neighboring rooms, smoke will not spread. And the movement of air at a speed of 0.7 meters per second will create quite comfortable conditions for smokers.

Ecology of consumption. Homestead: The main types used in private houses are natural and forced, the distinguishing features of which are the use (forced) of additional equipment, or ventilation using physical processes (natural).

Insufficient air circulation between the room and the street can lead to air stagnation, the formation of fungus and mold, and allergic reactions, heaviness throughout the body and poor health will become dubious “bonuses” in a room without ventilation.

The main types used in private homes are natural and forced, the distinguishing features of which are the use (forced) of additional equipment, or ventilation using physical processes (natural).

Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation

The main advantage of natural ventilation is the simplicity and low cost of building a system, while forced ventilation boasts more efficient and high-quality work.

Along with a number of undeniable advantages - cheapness, ease of implementation - natural ventilation also has disadvantages, which, by the way, are significant. Many construction professionals talk about the inefficiency of such a system, and here's why:

1. According to building codes, the permissible temperature on the street should not be lower than +5 degrees, otherwise the draft will increase and a large amount of cold air will begin to enter the house. According to some reports, heat losses from natural ventilation in some cases reach 40% of the total volume.
2. The situation is diametrically opposite to the previous paragraph: if it is too hot outside, air exchange is minimized until the air circulation stops completely.
3. There is no way to process the air coming from the street. The ecological situation in the country and in the world leaves much to be desired. Clean air is more of a luxury than a daily routine. Untreated and untreated air can cause many troubles.
4. The ventilation in the room has a limited adjustment. If it is still possible to reduce air exchange by tightly closing windows and doors, then it is no longer possible to significantly increase it.

To create an effective atmosphere in the rooms of a private house, it is necessary to resort to complexity: the best option would be a combination of natural circulation with technological developments in this area (fans, filters, etc.).

Why do you need a hood in a private house with a stove or fireplace

If a stove or fireplace is used in the house not as an element of decor, but perform their direct duties - they heat the room, you need to take care of double natural ventilation. For complete combustion of the fuel, a sufficient amount of oxidizing agent (in this case, oxygen) is necessary. With its shortage, the fuel will not burn completely, while releasing carbon monoxide, which will enter the living quarters. Pleasant and useful in this, of course, is not enough.

Ventilation device in a house with a fireplace

If there is not enough air flow, then in the warm season you can open the window - this will be enough. In winter, such a trick is unlikely to pass, therefore, even at the construction stage, it is advisable to run a pipe under the floor directly to the stove or fireplace, through which the required amount of air will flow.

To organize the hood, they most often resort to the services of experts, this article is aimed at craftsmen who plan to do the installation with their own hands. Next, we consider the main recommendations for the construction of such ventilation, often occurring problems and shortcomings.

How to make a natural ventilation system with your own hands

Natural ventilation works based on physical laws - due to the difference between warm air in the room and cold air outside (warm air is lighter) as well as pressure difference. Based on this, they came up with a simple design that is quite simple to make in a private house: in the center of the future dwelling, most often in a load-bearing wall, a channel with a cross section of about 130–140 mm is laid. Horizontal branches with a diameter of 100–100 mm are drawn from it to the rooms of the house.

Scheme and device of a system with a ventilation duct

Ventilation system device

Correct installation

Ventilation duct in the wall

Plastic pipes are used to organize the wiring. Then physics comes into play - warmer room air is pulled out under pressure and due to traction force, colder street air enters the rooms through specially made channels, or naturally (doorways, open windows, etc.).

Placement of supply channels in the wall

1. The wall thickness of the exhaust duct must be at least one and a half bricks. Otherwise, the air in it will quickly cool and the reverse process will occur - the air will not be drawn out, but will enter the rooms.
2. The pipe at the outlet of the exhaust duct on the roof must be higher than the ridge. Otherwise, roof turbulence will interfere with the normal operation of the traction.

Taking the system outside

The main flow channel, as described above, is done in a standard way. But the influx of fresh air coming from the street can be organized in two ways - either to make flow channels in the window sills, or gaps in the windows. When choosing the second method, it is better to use metal-plastic windows, which have one competitive advantage over wooden ones - an increased level of sound insulation. These measures will be enough to ventilate the premises of the house to the required extent.

If we talk about the advantage of using natural ventilation of a private house over forced ventilation (filters, radiators, etc.), we need to focus on two points - noise and air frequency.

Natural ventilation does not imply the presence of additional equipment (at least you can do without it). And this means that there will be no extraneous noise from working fans and radiators in the house.

Many people, when installing air cleaning filters, forget that they require constant replacement. After prolonged use, the filter becomes dirty and the air passing through it is not cleaned, but is supplied with an additional dose of dust and other substances that make it even more polluted. It is not necessary to control air exchange during natural ventilation - especially since some of the large particles that come into the house from the street along with the air settle on the windowsills, where they can be easily removed with a damp cloth. And if we assume that wet cleaning is carried out in the house regularly, then this should not cause any additional inconvenience.

Video: how to arrange a natural hood

Do not forget about the air conditioning system. A well-organized tandem of natural, forced ventilation and air conditioning will make life in the house comfortable and safe for health.published

The struggle for energy efficiency in homes leads to complete tightness. When insulating rooms, people forget that the body needs fresh air for normal functioning. The stagnant air loses the oxygen content necessary for breathing. The consequence of the lack of movement of air masses is increased humidity, accumulation of harmful substances, therefore, high-quality ventilation of the room is a vital necessity, especially since you can equip it in a private house with your own hands.

How to start and important design points

To begin the creation of a normal circulation of air masses, it is necessary to begin with an assessment of the premises. The cubic capacity of living space is calculated, taking into account the need of a person who needs 10 m³ per hour for normal functioning. The system must supply air to each tenant of the house in any part of the living space. Depending on the design of the building, the communications used, and the equipment, the type of ventilation is selected, which is able to provide residents with comfortable living conditions. There are three main types of movement of air masses in rooms according to the principle of operation:

1. Natural works on the principle of air movement under the influence of different temperature indicators. As is known from the course of physics, warm air currents are more discharged and rise upwards. Using this law, structural openings connected with the environment are provided in the upper part of the building. As a rule, the temperature outside the room is lower than inside, so warm air rises and is displaced by a cold stream from the building. It is generally accepted that the optimal operating indicator of such a system is the temperature outside in the range from 5 to 15 degrees. At lower temperatures in the premises, a draft is predictably created due to the intensity of heat transfer. In cases of high temperatures, the efficiency of the system is reduced because it is cooler inside the house;
2. Forced ventilation is carried out using mechanical devices that supply fresh air inside and remove stagnant, accumulated air masses outside. The inflow and outflow is carried out under the action of exhaust and spray equipment. Typically, such a system consists of fans, air valves, heaters, air conditioners, cleaning filters, silencers. For optimal functioning, a special communication network is created to ensure the movement of air flows - these are air channels, air intake grilles, diffusers, anemostats. The efficiency of the system is increased by the installation of control sensors, thermostats that connect or turn off fans according to the specified, calculated indicators;
3. A mixed system involves the addition of natural air exchange with exhaust equipment. These can be hoods in the kitchen or fans in the bathrooms, built-in or connected to natural ventilation communications. As a rule, such equipment is installed where the degree of air pollution is high and the inflow does not have time to displace pollution.

Ventilation problems are associated with the use of old building technologies for modern conditions. Most houses are built to outdated standards. At the same time, new materials, technologies and equipment are used. According to outdated SNiPs, air is supplied through gaps in windows and doors, but the installation of metal-plastic windows and doors of new designs reliably seals the room. Thus, residents are protected from drafts, sound comfort is increased, and energy saving is improved. Only the air stagnates, due to the lack of the possibility of fresh flow inflow. The result is expressed by an increase in humidity, oxygen starvation.

Know that this creates a favorable environment for the development of harmful microorganisms in the room. A fungus appears on the walls, rapidly conquering new territories. Fighting it is meaningless as long as greenhouse conditions are created for it in the form of a humid, warm atmosphere without drafts.

Another problem is the accumulation of harmful substances that enter the body through inhalation. They are distinguished by surrounding objects - these are furniture, walls, flooring, everyday substances for cleaning, cleaning surfaces. When the ventilation in the house with their own hands is made to last, the air circulates and almost all harmful substances are removed to the outside, they do not have time to accumulate in dangerous quantities and enter the body.

Fresh supply air according to standards and regulations

It is ideal to equip your house outside the city, located in the open spaces of an area rich in fresh, clean air, with natural ventilation.

Did you know that there are certain norms for air exchange in the house, taking into account the specifics of a particular room, which must be taken into account when creating ventilation in a private house with your own hands.

It implies the replacement of the entire air mass, the value of which is given in the table, in 1 hour for rooms where people are constantly present. Particular attention is paid to special purpose rooms:

1. For kitchens with electric stoves, air exchange is required at least 60 m³ / h, and in the case of a gas stove 90 m³ / h;
2. For a bathroom and a bathroom, air exchange should exceed 25 m³ / h, if these rooms are combined, then the figure increases to 50 m³ / h.

A table has also been developed depending on the location of the ventilation opening in the room on the height of the building and floor. It shows what performance is needed and the required number of channels. These indicators will help create air exchange that provides the standard or exceeds.

FROM You should know that when designing ventilation, take into account the individual characteristics of a particular house. For example, if a wooden floor is based on logs, then the ventilation under the floor is taken into account in the calculation.

Proper selection and calculation of the parameters of supply channels

For the organization of communications, pipes of round diameter or rectangular blocks are used. The optimal pipe size is considered to be a diameter of 150 mm (0.016 dm³), at least 10 cm on each side. Such indicators guarantee the passage of a flow of at least 30 m³ / h when the channels are located at a height of at least 3 m. In order for the throughput to be greater, it is necessary to increase the cross section, length or number of air ducts.

All possible options are determined depending on the floor of the building being calculated using the regulatory documentation "Code of rules for residential multi-apartment buildings":

1. Table 9.1 allows you to determine how much air is required to be pumped into the room;
2. In the paragraph "Performance standards and natural ventilation channels" it is given how much air is required to be removed from the room.

The obtained values ​​are compared, the larger one is selected and the required air exchange is calculated.

For example, for a 4-room one-story house with three meter ceilings and a roof, a total area of ​​75 m², a kitchen equipped with a gas stove. The total cubic capacity required for inflow into the room is 225 m³ per hour. The available data on the rooms allow us to determine the amount of air that needs to be removed outside: kitchen - 90 m³ / h, bath and toilet - 50 m³ / h, total - 140 m³ / h. Therefore, the indicator of 225 m³ / h is taken as the basis and the calculation is carried out on it:

1. The height of the ventilation ducts for the house is 4 m;
2. The air renewal capacity for t=20 °C according to the table is 45.96 m³/h;
3. The number of channels is determined by dividing 225/45.96=4.9.

That is, for the required house, 5 ventilation ducts are required without taking into account all the individual features of the house. To obtain specific values, it is necessary to involve specialists in the design of ventilation of a private house.

Additional equipment that improves living conditions

Natural ventilation is economical, easy to operate, easy to design and construct. But it is unable to cope with all the challenges presented by modern housing challenges. Called for help:

1. Fans built into the air ducts effectively fight against unpleasant odors, excessive humidity in the toilet and bath. Inexpensive design, easy to install and easy to use helps to quickly increase airflow as needed;
2. The hood, located above the stove, protects the kitchen from moisture, removes excess odors from the room and helps maintain normal temperature conditions, quickly removing hot air from the room.

You should know the permissible dimensions for the location of the hood above the stove - 0.75 m when using a gas hob; 0.65 m above electric.

Increased attention is paid when using a fireplace or stove. In this case, do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house is designed taking into account the need to create conditions for the complete combustion of the fuel used to operate the equipment, and all combustion products must also be removed. Careful study of the design guarantees the elimination of risks - fire, suffocation. Often there are projects in which supply ventilation is used from the bottom of the stove or fireplace. This solution provides the fire source with a constant supply of oxygen, normal thrust.

High-quality ventilation in a private house is necessary, it can be designed with your own hands. It is important to take into account the features of the structure, the characteristics of the equipment used and the materials in the premises.

Video about ventilation of a private house