Interferon for injection instructions for use. Human leukocyte interferon. The term and conditions of storage of the finished solution

• 5ml N1 FLAC / CAP 1 dose - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard. 1 dose - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - ampoules (5) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - bottles (1) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - bottles (5) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - bottles (10) - cardboard packs 2 ml - ampoules (5) - cardboard packs. 2 ml - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - bottles (1) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - bottles (5) - packs of cardboard. 2 ml - bottles (10) - packs of cardboard. 4 doses - ampoules (10) - packs of cardboard. Solution for s / c injection 0.5 ml - syringes (1) - blister packs (5) (complete with alcohol wipes No. 5) - cardboard packs.

Description of the dosage form

• Lyophilisate for the preparation of a nasal solution Lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for i/m administration Lyophilizate for the preparation of a solution for i/m administration Solution for s/c administration is transparent, colorless or yellowish. Colorless to light pink solution.1

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacokinetics

Special conditions

Compound

• 1 amp. interferon alpha 10 thousand IU Solvent: solution of sodium chloride 0.9% - 2 ml. 1 amp. interferon alpha 20 thousand IU Solvent: solution of sodium chloride 0.9% - 2 ml. Interferon alfa, (human leukocyte interferon) is a group of proteins1 synthesized by leukocytes of donor blood * under the influence of an interferon inducer virus, purified by micro- and ultrafiltration methods. Composition in 1 ml: active ingredient: - Interferon alpha (human leukocyte interferon) - 1 thousand IU; auxiliary components: - sodium chloride - 0.09 mg; -sodium dihydrophosphate dihydrate - 0.06 mg; - sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 0.003 mg, - water for injection - up to 1 ml. 0.5 ml human recombinant interferon beta-1b 8 million IU Excipients: sodium acetate trihydrate - 0.408 mg, glacial acetic acid - up to pH 4.0, dextran 50-70 thousand - 15 mg, polysorbate 80 - 0.04 mg, mannitol - 50 mg , disodium edetate dihydrate - 0.0555 mg, water for injection - up to 1 ml. interferon alfa 10 thousand IU interferon alfa 10 thousand IU

Interferon indications for use

• - clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) (the only clinical episode of demyelination suggesting multiple sclerosis, provided that alternative diagnoses are excluded) with sufficient severity of the inflammatory process to prescribe intravenous corticosteroids - to slow down the transition to CRMS in patients with a high risk of developing CRMS. There is no generally accepted definition of high risk. According to the study, patients with monofocal CIS (clinical manifestations of 1 lesion in the CNS) and? T2 foci on MRI and/or foci accumulating contrast agent belong to the high risk group for developing CRMS. Patients with multifocal CIS (clinical manifestations of >1 lesion in the CNS) are at high risk of developing CRMS, regardless of the number of foci on MRI; - relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis - to reduce the frequency and severity of exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients able to walk without assistance, with a history of at least 2 exacerbations of the disease in the last 2 years, followed by

Interferon contraindications

• Severe organic heart disease, severe violations of the liver or kidneys; epilepsy and / or dysfunction of the central nervous system; chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver with symptoms of liver failure; chronic hepatitis in patients receiving or recently treated with immunosuppressants (with the exception of treatment with corticosteroids); autoimmune hepatitis; thyroid diseases resistant to traditional therapy; confirmed hypersensitivity to interferon alfa.

Interferon dosage

• 1000 IU 1000 IU/ml 8 million IU/0.5 ml

Interferon side effects

• Adverse reactions often occur in the initial stages of treatment, however, during subsequent treatment, their frequency and intensity decrease. The most common reactions are flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, joint pain, malaise, sweating, headache or muscle pain) and reactions at the injection site, which are largely due to the pharmacological properties of interferon beta-1b. Injection site reactions are common after the use of interferon beta-1b: redness, swelling, decoloration, inflammation, pain, hypersensitivity, necrosis, unusual reactions. To improve tolerability, it is recommended to start therapy with interferon beta-1b with titration (see the dose titration scheme in the "Dosage regimen" section), flu-like syndrome can also be corrected by the appointment of NSAIDs. The prevalence of reactions at the injection site can be reduced with the use of an autoinjector. The following are lists of adverse events identified in clinical trials (Table 3. Adverse events and laboratory abnormalities) and from post-marketing use of interferon beg-1b (Table 4, rates calculated from pooled clinical trial data (very common (> 10%), often (1%), infrequently (0.1%), rarely (0.01%) and very rarely (

drug interaction

Overdose

Storage conditions

• store in a dry place
• keep away from children
• store in a place protected from light

Interferon - instructions for use describe in detail the effect of the drug in the form of drops, injections or tablets on specific virus protein receptors on the cell surface. Due to its natural origin, the medicine rarely leads to the development of allergies, non-toxic, suitable for pregnant women and young children.

Drug Interferon

The medicine is used for therapy, prevention of various diseases caused by viruses. Release forms have their own characteristics of impact both on the body as a whole and on viral vibrios. The substance alpha-interferon is produced by human cells - blood leukocytes, is part of the basic immunity. In cases where the viral load is too high or the immune system is untenable, preparations containing the active substance and drugs that stimulate leukocytes to produce it additionally are prescribed.

Compound

The medicinal product contains:

• natural human leukocyte interferon;
• sodium chloride;
• a mixture of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and dihydrogenate;
• potato or corn starch;
• ethanol;
• additional ingredients, excipients (flavors, fragrances).

Release form

The medicine is available in several forms:

• the form of drops (for intranasal use, ear, eye for instillation);
• means for inhalation in the form of a powder,;
• tablets;
• solutions for intramuscular injection;
• rectal suppositories.

The forms of the drug differ from each other in doses of the active substance, auxiliary components. The choice of a suitable form for treatment depends on the severity of the patient's condition, his age, the affected organ or system. For example, in case of a respiratory viral infection, it is advisable to prescribe a drug in a course of inhalations or tablets, and injections are necessary for the treatment of acute hepatitis. Inhalations are diluted at one time, the solution cannot be stored.

A child (especially a younger one) is recommended to prescribe interferon rectal suppositories for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections during influenza epidemics. A well-developed network of rectal vessels will ensure complete absorption of the drug. In addition, the child will not feel anxiety, act up - the candle can be inserted quickly and painlessly. To treat respiratory infections, doctors prescribe nasal drops for children. Intranasal administration of the drug is not recommended for children under two years of age.

The ability of the drug to enter the bloodstream and its maximum concentration depend on the form of release of the drug, the method of administration:

• Tablets are completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, the bioavailability of the active ingredient (blood content) is 60%, the ability to bind to proteins is 70%. The half-life lasts up to a day. It is excreted mainly by the kidneys, partly through the bile.
• Dry powder for inhalation enters through the respiratory tract, is absorbed into the blood in small doses (up to 30%), does not bind to blood proteins, the elimination period (with preserved kidney function) is 6-12 hours. Rectal suppositories, nasal drops have almost identical indicators: they are absorbed through the mucous membranes. Bioavailability is up to 90%. It is excreted from the body in about 12 hours.
• The solution for intravenous administration has a bioavailability of 100%, it is excreted from the body for a day or more, therefore, parenteral use of the drug has the greatest antiviral activity, and is used to relieve severe conditions of patients. It is used mainly in inpatient treatment, at home it is more convenient to be treated with other forms of medication.

Indications for use

Interferon is indicated in the following cases:

• viral lesions (eg, viral hepatitis);
• as an immunomodulatory agent;
• for the prevention of influenza, SARS;
• when detecting tumor cells of the thymus in children as an immunomodulatory agent;
• it is prescribed for oncological diseases, as it can have an antitumor effect;
• encephalitis;
• as an immunostimulating agent;
• chronic leukemia;
• hepatitis virus in remission;
• acute infections and respiratory diseases;

The widespread use of Interferon is increasingly causing virus replication (mutation), the attending physicians have to increase the dose of the drug, which can adversely affect the liver (especially if it is already affected by acute hepatitis). For the greatest efficiency, synthetic types of drugs are used: interferon alpha-2b, interferon gamma and interferon inducers. Thanks to this treatment, the effect of viruses on the membranes of body cells is significantly reduced.

Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated if the patient has:

• insufficiency of the kidneys or urinary system, acute or chronic;
• severe congenital diseases, heart defects;
• cirrhosis of the liver, insufficiency of the liver;
• neurological diseases, epilepsy;
• violation of the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, other endocrinological disorders;
• allergic reactions protein;
• interferon is contraindicated during treatment with immunosuppressants;
• melanomas on the skin.

Method of application and dosage

For the prevention of respiratory viral diseases, the medicine should be taken in courses. Adults are prescribed tablets one 2 times a day, children are given drops or rectal suppositories in the nose 2-3 times a day. In the presence of symptoms, syndromes of serious viral lesions, combined drug therapy is prescribed with injections, tablets. The appointment of several drugs at once requires round-the-clock monitoring by medical personnel, monitoring the results of analyzes in dynamics.

Preparation of a solution for inhalation does not require specialized skills. The finished solution must be poured into a special tank and the device turned on. Recombinant interferon works best in the form of inhalations for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, inhibiting the synthesis of viral proteins and providing a powerful antiviral effect.

special instructions

Patients with allergic reactions to drugs containing Interferon or its metabolites should be taken with caution. People with inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, ulcers should take the drug by subcutaneous or intravenous injection. Viral infection, which is at the initial stage of development, or prevention of the disease does not require high concentrations of antiviral substances, therefore, Interferon should be taken in the form of tablets or ointments with the lowest percentage of the active substance.

No toxic effects of the drug on the fetus have been identified, therapeutic doses of the drug do not affect the course of pregnancy. It is recommended to use Interferon for the prevention of viral infections (measles, rubella, influenza, chickenpox) for women in early pregnancy who have a permanent environment unfavorable for the pregnant woman. Breastfeeding while taking the medicine can not be stopped - the medicine does not adversely affect the child during the lactation period.

Interferon for children

Babies, premature babies are not prescribed Interferon due to the poor development of the excretory system. In the future, each drug is selected strictly individually, depending on the age, condition, stage of development of the child's disease, the presence of concomitant diseases or complications. Not recommended for children with genetic diseases, congenital intolerance to egg protein and lactose.

drug interaction

The drug is not marked by active interaction with other drugs, however, it tends to enhance or weaken the action of some antibiotics. Hormonal preparations intended for contraception, under the influence of certain metabolites, may weaken their effect. Before taking Interferon at the same time with other drugs, you should consult your doctor. The intervals for taking the drugs depend on the concentrations of the active substances. A one-time use with paracetamol is not recommended.

Side effects

Interferon, with the correct regimen of administration and the right dosage, does not cause side effects. However, in some special cases, undesirable effects are manifested in the following:

• heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmia);
• acute urinary retention (more than six hours);
• an increase in the biochemical blood test of liver enzymes;
• yellowness of the skin;
• nausea, vomiting, dizziness;
• itching, skin rash.

Overdose

If a single dose or daily dose of the drug is exceeded, signs of an allergic reaction occur: rash, urticaria, redness on the skin. If the dosage of the drug is exceeded systematically, then the main signs are observed from the gastrointestinal tract: vomiting, heartburn, nausea. At the first signs of an overdose of Interferon, you should contact your doctor for the appointment of another antiviral drug. The duration of the course of treatment may increase.

Analogues

In connection with the development of pharmaceuticals, there are many analogues of the drug on the market, as well as medicines used to supplement the main therapy with Interferon:

Price for Interferon

You can buy Interferon at a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription. The price depends on several factors:

• release form;
• the percentage of the active active substance (the price depends directly on this indicator);
• nature, quality of additional ingredients;
• manufacturing firm.

The table will tell you the approximate order of prices:

Interferon tablets, 10 pcs

Interferon in ampoules, 10 ampoules

Interferon ointment, 50 ml

Interferon for inhalation, 100 ml

Reviews

Assigned to the child for the prevention of influenza in the fall drops in the nose. As a result, the influenza epidemic survived without getting sick. There were no side effects, only the son sneezed for some time after the administration of the drug - the pipette irritated the mucous membrane. The drug was taken for three weeks, then a month break and another three weeks of admission.

Angelina, 30 years old

I have chronic hepatitis, liver functions are preserved only thanks to Interferon. Previously, they put me in a hospital, now I am treated regularly at home with injections. I dissolve the contents of the ampoule for parenteral administration in water and inject into the thigh. Sometimes pills are additionally prescribed if the tests are bad. The last course started to cause side effects.

Alexander, 55 years old

I regularly take medicine in tablets for immunomodulation. I suffer from chronic viral hepatitis. Without Interferon, I get sick instantly, I endure the disease hard. I am taking a course of treatment with pills, it is more convenient than injections. Flu symptoms sometimes make themselves felt (fever, runny nose), but in general they do not affect well-being.

The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Interferon - instructions for use, analogs, testimonials and release forms (nasal drops, solution and suppositories of alpha 2 interferon) drugs for the treatment of influenza, SARS, hepatitis in adults, children (including infants) and pregnancy

In this article, you can read the instructions for using the drug Interferon. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Interferon in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Interferon analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment and prevention of influenza, SARS and hepatitis B and C in adults, children (including newborns and infants), as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Interferon is a mixture of various subtypes of natural alpha-interferon from human blood leukocytes. It has antiviral, immunostimulating and antiproliferative effects. The antiviral effect of the drug is based mainly on increasing the resistance of body cells not yet infected with the virus to possible effects. By binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, interferon alpha changes the properties of the cell membrane, stimulates specific enzymes, acts on the RNA of the virus and prevents its replication. The immunomodulatory effect of interferon alpha is associated with stimulation of the activity of macrophages and NK (Natural killer) cells, which, in turn, are involved in the body's immune response to tumor cells.

For parenteral use:

• hepatitis B and C
• genital warts
• hairy cell leukemia
• multiple myeloma
• non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
• mycosis fungoides
• Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS patients without a history of acute infections
• renal carcinoma
• malignant melanoma.

For rectal use:

• treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis.

For intranasal use:

Candles for rectal applicationME.

Lyophilisate for solution for intranasal administration 1000 IU (nasal drops).

Liquid solution for local use and inhalation 1000 IU/ml.

Instructions for use and dosing regimen

Intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intranasally. The dose is selected individually for each patient.

Hairy cell leukemia: initial dose - 3 million IU per day for weeks, maintenance treatment - 3 million IU 3 times a week.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: 1-3 days - 3 million IU per day, 4-6 days - 9 million IU per day, 7-84 days - 18 million IU per day; maintenance treatment - the maximum tolerated dose (no more than 18 million IU) 3 times a week.

Kaposi's sarcoma on the background of AIDS: initial dose of 3 million IU per day for the first 3 days, days 4-6 - 9 million IU per day, days 7-9 - 18 million IU per day, if tolerated, the dose is increased to 36 million IU during the day ; maintenance treatment - the maximum tolerated dose (but not more than 36 million IU) 3 times a week.

Renal cell carcinoma: 36 million IU per day as monotherapy or 18 million IU 3 times a week in combination with vinblastine. The dose is increased gradually, according to the scheme, starting with 3 million IU for 84 days. Melanoma - 18 million IU 3 times a week for 8-12 weeks.

Chronic myeloid leukemia and thrombocytosis in chronic myeloid leukemia: 1-3 days - 3 million IU per day, 4-6 days - 6 million IU per day, 7-84 days - 9 million IU per day, weekly.

Thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative diseases, except for chronic myeloid leukemia: 1-3 days - 3 million IU per day, 4-30 days - 6 million IU per day.

Chronic active hepatitis B - 4.5 million IU 3 times a week for 6 months.

Chronic hepatitis C: initial dose - 6 million IU 3 times a week for 3 months; maintenance dose - 3 million IU 3 times a week for another 3 months.

In primary and secondary thrombocytosis, 2 million IU per day, 5 days a week for 4-5 weeks, are prescribed at the beginning of treatment. If the number of platelets does not decrease after 2 weeks, the dose is increased to 3 million IU per day, if there is no effect by the end of the third week, the dose is increased to 6 million IU per day. With initial thrombocytopenia (less than 15 G / l), the initial dose is 0.5 million IU. In the transitional phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia and myelofibrosis, 1-3 million IU per day is prescribed according to the scheme, with multiple myeloma - 1 million IU every other day in combination with cytostatics and corticosteroids for at least 2 months.

Intranasally - for the treatment of influenza and SARS.

• fever;
• headache;
• myalgia;
• weakness;
• loss of appetite;
• nausea, vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• arterial hypotension;
• arrhythmia;
• drowsiness;
• disturbance of consciousness;
• dry skin;
• erythema;
• skin rash;
• general weakness;
• granulocytopenia.

With parenteral use, side effects are observed much more often than with other routes of administration.

• severe organic heart disease;
• severe violations of the liver or kidneys;
• epilepsy and / or dysfunction of the central nervous system;
• chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver with symptoms of liver failure;
• chronic hepatitis in patients receiving or recently treated with immunosuppressants (with the exception of treatment with corticosteroids);
• autoimmune hepatitis;
• thyroid diseases resistant to traditional therapy;
• confirmed hypersensitivity to interferon alfa.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

The use of interferon alfa preparations during pregnancy is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. If necessary, use in a nursing mother during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

Patients of reproductive age during therapy should use reliable methods of contraception.

Use with caution in patients with a history of recent myocardial infarction, as well as in cases of changes in blood clotting and myelodepression.

In thrombocytopenia with a platelet count less than / µl, s / c should be used.

With the development of side effects from the CNS in elderly patients receiving high doses of interferon alfa, a thorough examination should be carried out and, if necessary, treatment should be interrupted.

Patients should undergo hydration therapy, especially in the initial period of treatment.

Patients with hepatitis C receiving systemic interferon alfa therapy may experience thyroid dysfunction, manifested as hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Therefore, before starting a course of treatment, it is necessary to determine the level of TSH in the blood serum and start treatment only if the level of TSH in the blood is normal.

Use interferon alfa with caution simultaneously with hypnotics, sedatives, opioid analgesics.

Since interferons inhibit oxidative metabolism in the liver, there may be a violation of the biotransformation of drugs metabolized in this way.

With simultaneous use with ACE inhibitors, synergism is possible in relation to the hematotoxic effect; with zidovudine - synergism in relation to myelotoxic action; with paracetamol - it is possible to increase the activity of liver enzymes; with theophylline - a decrease in the clearance of theophylline.

Analogues of the drug Interferon

Structural analogues for the active substance:

• Alfaferon;
• Wellferon;
• Interferon alpha-2b human recombinant;
• Human leukocyte interferon;
• Interferon leukocyte human liquid;
• Interferon leukocyte human dry;
• Interferon human leukocyte;
• Human leukocyte interferon in suppositories;
• Interferon alfa-2 recombinant hydrogel-based ointment;
• Inferon;
• Lokferon.

News edited by: admin016, 16:28

Interferon tablets: instructions for use

Instructions for use says that the tablet drug is prescribed as a strengthening of the immune system. The drug, when used correctly, helps to significantly increase immunity in childhood and adulthood. In addition, the medicine quickly helps to suppress harmful viruses, including chlamydia.

Doctors prescribe pills for suspected cancers. When using interferon tablets in complex treatment, they will help to significantly slow down the growth of the tumor cell.

Composition and spectrum of action

The drug contains only protein compounds. Such compounds are produced by cells in direct response to the penetration of a foreign body. Therefore, the composition of the preparation of this form of release includes alpha interferon. Tablets have a wide spectrum of action:

• Antitumor.
• Antimicrobial.
• Antipolyferative.
• The drug helps to inhibit the replication of malicious viruses.
• Tablets prevent cell proliferation.
• Immunomodulatory spectrum of action.

Main indications for use

The drug in any form of release can be used for many diseases.

• It is prescribed as a treatment for hepatitis C and B, with leukemia, but only with hairy cells, as well as with mycosis, condyloma, or Kaposi's sarcoma.
• In addition to this list of indications, the tablet preparation can be used in complex treatment.
• Renal carcinoma.
• In chronic viral hepatitis, as well as during an exacerbation.
• With acute respiratory infection.
• As a prophylaxis, they can be prescribed for influenza or for diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

In childhood, other forms of interferon release can be used as treatment. It is prescribed under the strict supervision of a pediatrician.

For children, the drug is prescribed as a treatment for infectious and inflammatory diseases, directly of the respiratory system. Also in complex therapy, you can take pills for meningitis, sepsis, mumps or chicken pox.

Often prescribed for more serious illnesses, then Interferon can be used to treat chronic hepatitis of viral etiology.

Important! Do not give the drug to the child on its own. It is necessary to know the exact dosage, otherwise, serious side effects may occur that will aggravate the course of the disease and the general condition of the child.

Contraindications and side effects

Like all drugs, Interferon is not prescribed for all patients. There are certain contraindications for which tablets should not be taken, not only as a treatment, but also as a preventive measure.

If there is a history of heart disease, epilepsy, as well as disorders of the central nervous system, doctors do not prescribe this drug.

Additional contraindications include:

• Cirrhosis of the liver.
• In the presence of hepatitis, but only autoimmune.
• With diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Also, the drug is not prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity. Since the composition of the drug of this form of release includes additional components.

If the drug is taken incorrectly, side effects may occur.

1. Most often they are expressed in a severe headache, the patient develops a fever, general weakness appears, as well as myalgia.
2. On the part of the CCC, the patient may experience: high blood pressure, arrhythmia.
3. The drug affects the central nervous system, especially when the dosage is incorrect. Therefore, among the side effects, there is a violation of consciousness and drowsiness.
4. Gastrointestinal disorders. Vomiting and nausea often occur. More rare side effects are manifested in the form of diarrhea.
5. In addition, the patient may experience allergic reactions. In this case, the skin becomes dry, a rash and erythema appear.

Mode of application

The drug is prescribed only by the attending physician, the independent use of the drug as a treatment is prohibited.

If the drug is prescribed in tablet form, then it must be taken in a dose equal to 2050 IU, directly for each kilogram of the patient's weight.

If necessary, the doctor can increase the dosage of the medicine, it all depends on the type and severity of the disease.

But, the maximum dose of tablets should not exceed IU.

Interaction with other tools

Tablets and other forms of release are not used in complex treatment with corticosteroid preparations. If you take two drugs at the same time, then side reactions may occur.

Also, tablets are not prescribed in conjunction with cytostamics. Otherwise, it may lead to an additive effect.

Other combinations of complex therapy are prescribed by the doctor, based on the main pharmacological spectrum of action and the composition of the drug.

Interferon should be stored in a dry place out of direct sunlight and out of the reach of children. This drug is released strictly according to the prescription, and is stored in list B. Since the tablets have a wide spectrum of action, it is not combined with all means in complex treatment, as well as a wide list of contraindications.

Please note that the storage temperature of the tableted product should be in the range of t +2 to +8 ° C.

Analogues

If this remedy does not bring a positive effect, doctors may prescribe analogues. The interferon alfa-2a drug has 2 analogues, namely Reaferon or Roferon.

As for recombinant human interferon, it can be replaced with Intron-A, Intrek or Viferon.

Broad-spectrum analogues:

The cost of Interferon depends on the form of release. The tableted remedy costs within the limits of rubles for one package.

Also, reaferon lipint contains interferon, I drink these capsules for the flu. Indeed, such pills have a number of contraindications and side effects, but without them the flu cannot be cured, because it is a virus. Therefore, go to the doctor and follow his recommendations.

Interferon

Prices in online pharmacies:

Interferon is a drug that directly affects the body's immune system. It has a pronounced antiviral, antiproliferative, and antitumor effect.

Release form and composition

The active substance of the drug Interferon is a specific protein synthesized by human leukocytes.

The medicine is available in the following forms:

• Lyophilized powder;
• Solution for topical application;
• Injection;
• Suppositories are rectal.

Indications for use

According to the instructions attached to Interferon, indications for its use depend on the form of release of the drug.

Injection:

• Hepatitis B and C;
• Condylomas are pointed;
• Leukemia, hairy cell leukemia - tricholeukemia;
• tick-borne encephalitis;
• Condition after surgical treatment of respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx;
• Myeloma multiple;
• T-cell lymphoma - mycosis fungoides;
• non-Hodgkin's lymphomas;
• Chronic myeloid leukemia;
• reticulosarcoma;
• Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome;
• malignant melanoma;
• Thrombocytosis - primary (essential) and secondary;
• Chronic granulocytic leukemia and myelofibrosis are transitional forms.

Interferon in the form of suppositories:

• Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome;
• Viral hepatitis;
• Immunodeficiency states, having a secondary character.

Lyophilized powder and solution for topical use:

• Prevention and treatment of influenza, SARS;
• Eye diseases of viral etiology.

Contraindications

The use of Interferon is contraindicated in the following diseases and conditions:

• Hypersensitivity;
• Chronic insufficiency of cardiac activity;
• Acute myocardial infarction - acute period;
• autoimmune diseases;
• Diabetes mellitus - severe forms;
• lung diseases;
• Liver or kidney failure;
• Chicken pox;
• Cirrhosis of the liver;
• Thyroid diseases;
• Severe mental disorders, epilepsy;
• lactation period.

The use of Interferon requires caution in postinfarction cardiosclerosis, arrhythmias, herpes simplex, impaired bone marrow hematopoiesis, as well as during pregnancy.

Method of application and dosage

According to the instructions, Interferon in an injection solution should be used parenterally - subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously by drip. The dosage depends on the nature of the disease and the age of the patient.

Interferon in the form of a powder and a solution for topical use is used intranasally and conjunctivally. The drug is administered by inhalation using an inhaler of any system or instillation of an aqueous solution - the powder is diluted in 2 ml of distilled or chilled boiled water before use.

In order to prevent influenza and SARS, the medicine is instilled 5 drops into each nasal passage twice a day with an interval of 6 hours.

For the purpose of treatment, Interferon should be used at an early stage of the disease when the first symptoms of malaise appear, 5 drops in 1-2 hours at least 5 times a day for 2-3 days.

In ophthalmic practice, in the acute period of the disease, the drug is administered 2-3 drops in each eye from 3 to 10 times a day. When the condition improves - up to 5-6 times during the day. The course of treatment is no more than 14 days.

Interferon in the form of suppositories is used rectally for hemorrhagic fever, acute hepatitis B in children, and secondary immunodeficiency states. The dosage is determined individually, the duration of treatment is no more than 14 days.

Side effects

The use of Interferon, especially when administered parenterally, may cause the following side effects:

• Flu-like syndrome - headache, myalgia, fever, chills;
• Decreased appetite, stool disorder, nausea, vomiting, dryness of the oral mucosa, heartburn, liver failure;
• Anemia, a decrease in the number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood;
• Pressure fluctuations, chest pain, arrhythmias;
• Dizziness, decreased cognitive function and concentration, sleep disturbance, somnolepsy, numbness of the limbs or face, confusion, paresthesia, calf muscle cramps;
• Blurred vision, ischemic retinopathy;
• Dry skin, rash, itching, hair loss, hyperhidrosis;
• Violation of the thyroid gland.

special instructions

During treatment with the antiviral drug Interferon, it is necessary to monitor blood test parameters and liver function. With severe thrombocytopenia, the drug should be administered subcutaneously.

In the event of side effects from the central nervous system in patients receiving high doses of the drug, an additional examination is required, if necessary, the drug should be discontinued.

To reduce the severity of flu-like syndrome, parallel administration of paracetamol is indicated.

At the initial stage of treatment with Interferon, hydration therapy is necessary.

In patients with hepatitis C, the antiviral agent can cause thyroid dysfunction, so its use should only be started when hormone levels are normal.

During the period of use of the drug Interferon, care must be taken when driving vehicles and other moving mechanisms.

Analogues

Interferon synonyms include drugs Alfaferon, Diaferon, Interlok, Inferon, Leukinferon, Lokferon.

Similar pharmacological effects have drugs such as:

Terms and conditions of storage

According to the instructions attached to Interferon, the drug should be stored in a dry place at a temperature of 2-8 ° C.

Shelf life - 1 year.

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Panzinorm Forte is an enzyme preparation that stimulates the process of metabolic breakdown of proteins and fats.

Prestarium A is a drug that has a vasodilating and antihypertensive effect. Relative

Intron A is a drug with antiviral, immunomodulatory and antitumor activity.

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Interferon

Description current as of 11/11/2014

• Latin name: Interferon
• ATX code: L03AB
• Active ingredient: In interferon preparations, the following can be used as an active ingredient: human α, β or γ interferon (IFN)
• Manufacturer: Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland; Schering-Plough, USA; InterMune, USA, etc.

Compound

The composition of interferon preparations depends on their form of release.

Release form

Interferon preparations have the following release forms:

• lyophilized powder for the preparation of eye and nasal drops, injection solution;
• injection solution;
• eye drops;
• eye films;
• nasal drops and spray;
• ointment;
• dermatological gel;
• liposomes;
• spray can;
• oral solution;
• rectal suppositories;
• vaginal suppositories;
• implants;
• microclysters;
• tablets (in tablets, interferon is produced under the brand name Entalferon).

pharmachologic effect

IFN preparations belong to the group of antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs.

All IFNs have antiviral and antitumor activity. No less important is their ability to stimulate macrophages - cells that play an important role in the initiation of cellular immunity.

IFNs help to increase the body's resistance to the penetration of viruses, and also block the reproduction of viruses when they enter the cell. The latter is due to the ability of IFN to suppress the translation of the messenger (messenger) RNA of the virus.

At the same time, the antiviral effect of IFN is not directed against certain viruses, that is, IFNs are not characterized by virus specificity. This explains their versatility and a wide range of antiviral activity.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The main biological effect of α-IFN is the inhibition of viral protein synthesis. The antiviral state of the cell develops within a few hours after the application of the drug or the induction of IFN production in the body.

At the same time, IFN does not affect the early stages of the replication cycle, that is, at the stage of adsorption, penetration of the virus into the cell (penetration) and release of the internal component of the virus during its “undressing”.

The antiviral effect of α-IFN is manifested even in the case of infection of cells with infectious RNA. IFN does not enter the cell, but only interacts with specific receptors on cell membranes (gangliosides or similar structures that contain oligosaccharides).

The mechanism of activity of IFN alpha resembles the action of individual glycopeptide hormones. It stimulates the activity of genes, some of which are involved in coding for the formation of products with a direct antiviral effect.

β interferons also have an antiviral effect, which is associated with several mechanisms of action at once. Beta interferon activates NO-synthetase, which in turn increases the concentration of nitric oxide inside the cell. The latter plays a key role in suppressing the reproduction of viruses.

β-IFN activates the secondary, effector functions of natural killers, B-type lymphocytes, blood monocytes, tissue macrophages (mononuclear phagocytes) and neutrophilic leukocytes, which are characterized by antibody-dependent and antibody-independent cytotoxicity.

In addition, β-IFN blocks the release of the internal component of the virus and disrupts the processes of viral RNA methylation.

γ-IFN is involved in the regulation of the immune response and regulates the severity of inflammatory reactions. Despite the fact that it has an independent antiviral and antitumor effect, gamma interferon is very weak. At the same time, it significantly enhances the activity of α- and β-IFN.

After parenteral administration, the maximum concentration of IFN in the blood plasma is observed after 3-12 hours. The bioavailability index is 100% (both after injection under the skin and after injection into the muscle).

The duration of the half-life T½ is from 2 to 7 hours. Trace concentrations of IFN in plasma are not detected after 16-24 hours.

Indications for use

IFN is indicated for the treatment of viral diseases that affect the respiratory tract.

In addition, interferon preparations are prescribed for patients with chronic forms of hepatitis B, C and Delta.

For the treatment of viral diseases and, in particular, hepatitis C, IFN-α is predominantly used (both of which are IFN-alpha 2b and IFN-alpha 2a). The “gold standard” for the treatment of hepatitis C is considered to be pegylated interferons alpha-2b and alpha-2a. In comparison with them, conventional interferons are less effective.

The genetic polymorphism noted in the IL28B gene, which is responsible for encoding IFN lambda-3, causes significant differences in the effect of treatment.

Patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 with common alleles of this gene are more likely to achieve longer and more pronounced treatment results compared to other patients.

Contraindications

Interferon is not prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity to it, as well as to children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders and disorders of the nervous system, which are accompanied by thoughts of suicide and suicide attempts, severe and prolonged depression.

In combination with the antiviral drug Ribavirin, IFN is contraindicated in patients who have been diagnosed with severe renal impairment (conditions in which CC is less than 50 ml / min).

Interferon preparations are contraindicated in epilepsy (in cases where the appropriate therapy does not give the expected clinical effect).

Side effects

Interferon belongs to the category of drugs that can cause a large number of adverse reactions from various systems and organs. In most cases, they are the result of the introduction of interferon in / in, s / c or / m, but other pharmaceutical forms of the drug can also provoke them.

The most common adverse reactions to taking IFN are:

Vomiting, increased drowsiness, a feeling of dry mouth, hair loss (alopecia), asthenia are somewhat less common; non-specific flu-like symptoms; back pain, depression, musculoskeletal pain, thoughts of suicide and suicide attempt, general malaise, impaired taste and concentration, irritability, sleep disorders (often insomnia), arterial hypotension, confusion.

Rare side effects include: pain on the right in the upper abdomen, rashes on the body (erythematous and maculopapular), increased nervousness, soreness and severe inflammation at the injection site, secondary viral infection (including infection with the herpes simplex virus), increased dryness of the skin, itching, pain in the eyes, conjunctivitis, blurred vision, dysfunction of the lacrimal glands, anxiety, mood lability; psychotic disorders, including hallucinations, increased aggression, etc.; hyperthermia, dyspeptic symptoms, respiratory disorders, weight loss, tachycardia, unformed stools, myositis, hyper- or hypothyroidism, hearing impairment (up to its complete loss), the formation of infiltrates in the lungs, increased appetite, bleeding gums, cramps in the extremities, dyspnea, impaired renal function and the development of renal failure, peripheral ischemia, hyperuricemia, neuropathy, etc.

Treatment with IFN preparations can provoke a violation of reproductive function. Studies in primates have shown that interferon disrupts the menstrual cycle in women. In addition, in women treated with IFN-α drugs, the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood serum decreased.

For this reason, in the case of the appointment of interferon, women of childbearing age should use barrier contraceptives. Men of reproductive age are also advised to be informed of potential side effects.

In rare cases, treatment with interferon may be accompanied by ophthalmic disorders, which are expressed in the form of retinal hemorrhages, retinopathy (including macular edema), focal retinal changes, decreased visual acuity and / or visual field limitations, swelling of the optic discs, ocular neuritis (second cranial) nerve, obstruction of the arteries or veins of the retina.

Sometimes, while taking interferon, hyperglycemia, symptoms of nephrotic syndrome, diabetes, and renal failure may develop. In patients with diabetes, the clinical picture of the disease may worsen.

The use of interferon in monotherapy or in combination with Ribavirin in isolated cases can provoke aplastic anemia (AA) or even PACCM (complete aplasia of the red bone marrow).

There have also been cases when, during treatment with interferon preparations, the patient developed various autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders (including Werlhof's disease and Moshkowitz's disease).

Interferon, instructions for use

Instructions for the use of interferons alpha, beta and gamma indicate that before prescribing a drug to a patient, it is recommended to determine how sensitive the microflora that caused the disease is to it.

The method of administration of human leukocyte interferon is determined depending on the diagnosis made to the patient. In most cases, it is prescribed in the form of subcutaneous injections, but in some cases the drug can be injected into a muscle or vein.

The dose for treatment, the maintenance dose and the duration of treatment are determined depending on the clinical situation and the response of the patient's body to the therapy prescribed to him.

“Children's” interferon is suppositories, drops and ointment.

Instructions for the use of interferon for children recommends the use of this drug as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent. The dose for infants and older children is selected by the attending physician.

For prophylactic purposes, INF is used in the form of a solution, for the preparation of which distilled or boiled water at room temperature is used. The finished solution is colored red and opalescent. It should be stored in the cold for no more than an hour. The drug is instilled into the nose of children and adults.

In viral ophthalmic diseases, the drug is prescribed in the form of eye drops.

As soon as the severity of the symptoms of the disease decreases, the volume of instillations should be reduced to one drop. The course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days.

For the treatment of lesions caused by herpes viruses, the ointment is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes twice a day, maintaining 12-hour intervals. The course of treatment is from 3 to 5 days (until the integrity of the damaged skin and mucous membranes is completely restored).

For the prevention of acute respiratory infections and influenza, it is necessary to lubricate the nasal passages with ointment. The frequency of procedures during the 1st and 3rd week of the course - 2 times a day. During the 2nd week, it is recommended to take a break. For prophylactic purposes, interferon should be used during the entire period of the epidemic of respiratory diseases.

The duration of the rehabilitation course in children who often have recurrent viral and bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, recurrent infection caused by the herpes simplex virus is two months.

How to breed and how to use interferon in ampoules?

Instructions for the use of interferon in ampoules indicate that before use, the ampoule must be opened, poured into it with water (distilled or boiled) at room temperature up to the mark on the ampoule corresponding to 2 ml.

The contents are gently shaken until completely dissolved. The solution is injected into each nasal passage twice a day, five drops, maintaining intervals of at least six hours between injections.

For therapeutic purposes, IFN is started when the first symptoms of influenza appear. The effectiveness of the drug is higher, the sooner the patient starts taking it.

The most effective is the inhalation method (through the nose or mouth). For one inhalation, it is recommended to take the contents of three ampoules of the drug, dissolved in 10 ml of water.

Water is preheated to a temperature not exceeding +37 °C. Inhalation procedures are carried out twice a day, maintaining an interval of at least one to two hours between them.

When spraying or instillation, the contents of the ampoule are dissolved in two milliliters of water and injected 0.25 ml (or five drops) into each nasal passage three to six times a day. Duration of treatment.

For preventive purposes, nose drops for children are instilled (5 drops) twice a day, at the initial stage of the development of the disease, the frequency of instillations is increased: the drug should be administered at least five to six times a day every hour or two.

Many are interested in whether it is possible to drip a solution of interferon into the eyes. The answer to this question is in the affirmative.

Overdose

Cases of overdose with interferon are not described.

Interaction

β-IFN is compatible with corticosteroid drugs and ACTH. It should not be taken during treatment with myelosuppressive drugs, incl. cytostatics (this can provoke an additive effect).

With caution, β-IFN is prescribed with agents whose clearance largely depends on the cytochrome P450 system (antiepileptic drugs, some antidepressants, etc.).

Do not take IFN-α and Telbivudine at the same time. The simultaneous use of α-IFN provokes a mutual enhancement of action against HIV. When used together with phosphazid, the myelotoxicity of both drugs may mutually increase (it is recommended to carefully monitor changes in the number of granulocytes and hemoglobin levels).

Terms of sale

A prescription is required to dispense the drug.

Storage conditions

Interferon is stored in a cool place protected from sunlight at a temperature of +2 to +8°C. List B.

Best before date

24 months. The prepared solution of interferon at room temperature remains stable for 3 days.

special instructions

Interferons are a class of glycoproteins with similar properties that are produced by vertebrate cells in response to exposure to various types of inducers, both viral and non-viral in nature.

According to Wikipedia, in order for a biologically active substance to be qualified as an interferon, it must be of a protein nature, have a pronounced antiviral activity against various viruses, at least in homologous (similar) cells, “mediated by cellular metabolic processes, including RNA and protein synthesis ".

The classification of IFNs proposed by the WHO and the Interferon Committee is based on differences in their antigenic, physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition, it takes into account their species and cellular origin.

According to antigenicity (antigenic specificity), IFN is usually divided into acid-resistant and acid-labile. Alpha and beta interferons (also called type I IFNs) are acid-fast. Interferon gamma (γ-IFN) is acid-labile.

α-IFN is produced by peripheral blood leukocytes (B- and T-type leukocytes), so it was previously referred to as leukocyte interferon. Currently, there are at least 14 of its varieties.

β-IFN is produced by fibroblasts, which is why it is also called fibroblastic.

The former designation of γ-IFN is immune interferon, but it is produced by stimulated T-type lymphocytes, NK cells (normal (natural) killers; from the English “natural killer”) and (presumably) macrophages.

Main properties and mechanism of action of IFN

Without exception, all IFNs are characterized by polyfunctional activity against target cells. Their most common property is the ability to induce an antiviral state in them.

Interferon is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for various viral infections. A feature of IFN preparations is that their effect weakens with repeated injections.

The mechanism of action of IFN is related to its ability to contain viral infections. As a result of treatment with interferon preparations in the patient's body, a kind of barrier is formed around the focus of infection from uninfected cells resistant to the virus, which prevents the further spread of the infection.

Interacting with still intact (intact) cells, it prevents the implementation of the reproductive cycle of viruses due to the activation of certain cellular enzymes (protein kinases).

The most important functions of interferons are the ability to suppress hematopoiesis; modulate the body's immune response and inflammatory response; regulate the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation; inhibit growth and prevent the reproduction of viral cells; stimulate the expression of surface antigens; suppress individual functions of B- and T-type leukocytes, stimulate the activity of NK cells, etc.

Use of IFN in biotechnology

The development of methods for the synthesis and highly efficient purification of leukocyte and recombinant interferons in quantities sufficient for the production of drugs made it possible to open the possibility of using IFN preparations for the treatment of patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis.

A distinctive feature of recombinant IFNs is that they are produced outside the human body.

For example, recombinant interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) is obtained from mammalian cells (in particular, from Chinese hamster ovary cells), and interferon beta-1b (IFN β-1b), similar in its properties, is produced by coli (Escherichia coli) family of Enterobacteriaceae.

Interferon inducing drugs - what is it?

IFN inducers are drugs that do not themselves contain interferon, but at the same time stimulate its production.

Analogues

Each type of interferon has analogues. Interferon alpha-2a preparations - Reaferon, Roferon. Recombinant human interferon alpha 2b is produced under the trademarks Intron-A, Intrek, Viferon.

Interferon for children

According to the instructions, interferon preparations are shown to children:

Also, IFN is used in therapy, the purpose of which is the rehabilitation of children with frequent respiratory infections.

The most optimal option for taking children is nasal drops: interferon does not penetrate the gastrointestinal tract with this use (before diluting the drug for the nose, the water should be heated to a temperature of 37 ° C).

For infants, interferon is prescribed in the form of suppositories (150 thousand IU). Candles for children should be administered one at a time, 2 times a day, maintaining 12-hour intervals between injections. The course of treatment is 5 days. To completely cure ARVI in a child, as a rule, one course is enough.

For treatment, take 0.5 g of ointment twice a day. Treatment lasts an average of 2 weeks. Over the next 2-4 weeks, the ointment is applied 3 times a week.

Numerous positive reviews about the drug indicate that in this dosage form it has also established itself as an effective treatment for stomatitis and inflamed tonsils. No less effective are inhalations with interferon for children.

The effect of using the drug increases significantly if a nebulizer is used for its administration (it is necessary to use a device that sprays particles with a diameter of more than 5 microns). Inhalations through a nebulizer have their own specifics.

First, interferon must be inhaled through the nose. Secondly, before using the device, it is necessary to turn off the heating function in it (IFN is a protein, it is destroyed at a temperature of more than 37 ° C).

For inhalation in a nebulizer, the contents of one ampoule are diluted in 2-3 ml of distilled or mineral water (you can also use saline for this purpose). The resulting volume is enough for one procedure. The frequency of procedures during the day - from 2 to 4.

It is important to remember that long-term treatment of children with interferon is not recommended, since addiction develops to it and, therefore, the expected effect does not develop.

Interferon during pregnancy

An exception may be cases where the expected benefit of therapy for the expectant mother will outweigh the risk of adverse reactions and adverse effects on fetal development.

The possibility of isolating the components of recombinant IFN with breast milk is not ruled out. Due to the fact that the possibility of exposure to the fetus through milk cannot be excluded, IFN is not prescribed for lactating women.

In extreme cases, when it is impossible to avoid the appointment of IFN, it is recommended that a woman refuse to breastfeed during therapy. To mitigate the side effect of the drug (the occurrence of symptoms similar to those of influenza), it is recommended that paracetamol be administered simultaneously with IFN.

Types of medication, commercial names of analogues, release forms

Different types of interferon can be found on sale under other names - Interferal, Interal, Viferon, Altevir, Inferon, Rebif, Extavia, etc.

Interferon manufacturers

The mechanism of the therapeutic action of the drug

Interferon is able to have the following types of action on the body:

• antiviral action;
• antitumor activity.

Antitumor activity carried out by the action of the p53 protein. This protein becomes active due to DNA damage and can be produced by any cell in the body. Subsequently, the p53 protein stops the cell cycle of the development of a damaged cell, and in case of significant and irreversible defects in the genetic material, causes its apoptosis. It should be noted that in malignant neoplasms ( cancerous tumors) in about half of the cases, there is a violation of the function of the p53 protein.

Regardless of the form of release ( intramuscular or subcutaneous injections) the body absolutely completely assimilates this drug ( bioavailability 100%). Within 4-12 hours after application, the maximum concentration of interferon is observed in the blood.

For what pathologies is it prescribed?

The use of interferon

How to apply the medication?

Interferon is used in the treatment of the following pathologies:

• viral hepatitis;
• tumor diseases;
• diseases of the central nervous system.

Viral hepatitis

For the treatment of hepatitis B, a weekly dosage of 30-35 million international units of interferon is provided. It is worth noting that there are two regimens for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The first regimen involves the daily administration of the drug at 5 million units, and with the second regimen, interferon is administered at 10 million IU three times a week ( in one day). The duration of therapy is 4 - 6 months.

Treatment of chronic hepatitis C can be carried out together with another antiviral drug - ribavirin or use interferon as monotherapy ( single drug treatment). The weekly dosage is 9-10 million IU. Interferon is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly at 3 million three times a week. The course of treatment is selected by the attending physician.

It is worth noting that hepatitis D can only occur together with hepatitis B. Treatment of hepatitis D involves the use of 15 million units of the drug per week. One-time subcutaneous injection of 5 million units ( three times per week). Treatment lasts from 3 to 4 months.

Tumor diseases

Interferon is used in the treatment of the following neoplastic diseases:

• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma must be carried out in combination with chemotherapy. As a rule, interferon is administered subcutaneously at 5 million IU. You need to use the drug 3 times a week ( in one day).
• Hairy cell leukemia. Interferon is used one-time at 3 million units every other day ( three times per week). The drug can be administered both intramuscularly and subcutaneously. The course of treatment is selected by the attending physician.
• Malignant melanoma. The weekly dosage of interferon is 80-100 million units. It is necessary to use the drug 4-5 times a week. The duration of treatment is 30 days, after which they switch to maintenance therapy - 10 million units 3 times a week. The course of treatment when using maintenance therapy, on average, is 11-12 months.
• carcinoid tumors. Interferon is injected subcutaneously at 3-9 million units 3 times a week. If there is no effect, they switch to another treatment regimen - 5 million units of interferon daily ( 35 million IU per week).
• Carcinoid tumors with metastasis. Treatment is carried out daily in the form of subcutaneous injections of 3-4 million units of interferon. Gradually, every two weeks, a single dose is increased to 5, 7, 10 million units. The course of treatment is selected by the doctor.
• Myeloma. 5 million units of interferon subcutaneously three times a week. The duration of treatment can be selected only by the attending physician.
• Renal cell carcinoma. Interferon is taken three times a week for 3-10 million units. The course of treatment is individual.

Diseases of the central nervous system

For the treatment, as well as the prevention of various acute respiratory viral diseases, interferon is used in the form of a spray or nasal drops. For the treatment of ARVI, a few drops of interferon should be instilled into each nasal passage ( 2 - 3 drops) 3 to 5 times a day. For the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections, interferon is recommended to take the entire winter period of time. To do this, each nasal passage is lubricated with an ointment that contains interferon 2 to 3 times a day. After the first week of treatment, it is necessary to take a seven-day break, and then resume taking interferon again.

Possible side effects

Interferon can lead to the following side reactions:

• disorders of the digestive tract;
• disorders of the nervous system;
• allergic manifestations;
• disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• violations of the hematopoietic system;
• disorders of the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Digestive tract disorders

On the part of the digestive system, the following side effects can be observed:
The toxic effect of interferon on the liver tissue is also often observed. This is manifested by an increase in some indicators of biochemical blood tests. As a rule, there is an increase in the level of hepatic transaminases ( enzymes involved in the transformation of certain amino acids).

Nervous System Disorders

From the side of the nervous system, the following side effects can be observed:

• anxiety;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• disturbance of consciousness;
• suicidal thoughts ( rarely);
• hallucinations ( very rarely).

Interferon can also affect vision. Irritation of the optic nerve leads to visual impairment. Sometimes taking interferon can be accompanied by inflammation of the ocular mucosa ( conjunctivitis). Conjunctivitis is characterized by symptoms such as swelling of the eyelids and the mucous membrane of the eye, itching of the eyes, lacrimation, photophobia ( photophobia), as well as redness of the whites of the eyes.

Allergic manifestations

Taking interferon can lead to the following allergic manifestations:

• erythema;
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
• toxic epidermal necrolysis ( Lyell's syndrome).

Erythema is a pronounced redness of the skin. Erythema occurs due to an increase in the permeability of small skin vessels, resulting in a large amount of blood flowing to the surface of the skin.

Quincke's edema is also a fairly common form of drug allergy, in which fatty tissue of the skin is affected ( subcutaneous fat). Most often, swelling can occur on the face ( lips, eyelids, cheeks, as well as the oral cavity). Sometimes limbs and genitals can swell. As a rule, 3-4 hours after the onset, the edema disappears without a trace. A rare complication of Quincke's edema is blockage of the upper respiratory tract. This happens due to the fact that the edema spreads from the oral cavity to the mucous membrane of the larynx, resulting in suffocation. This condition is extremely dangerous and can lead to coma.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is an extremely severe form of erythema. This syndrome is characterized by the appearance of large blisters on the mucous membranes ( eyes, pharynx, oral cavity) and on the skin. At the first stage of the disease, as a rule, severe pain occurs in large joints. Body temperature, in turn, rises up to 39ºС. After a couple of hours, the general condition deteriorates sharply, and blisters appear on the mucous membrane of the tongue, cheeks, as well as on the lips, larynx and skin. After opening, very painful and bleeding areas with erosions form in their place.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a very life-threatening condition. Within 2-4 hours after the introduction of the drug into the body, the general condition of the body deteriorates sharply. Body temperature rises to 39 - 40ºС. A rash appears on the skin in the form of small dots, which resembles a rash with scarlet fever. In the future, instead of these rashes, rather large blisters with transparent contents are formed, which quickly open. In place of the blisters, erosive areas of the skin open, which can merge and form large erosions. It is worth noting that with toxic epidermal necrolysis, internal organs such as the kidneys, liver, heart, and intestines can be affected. If timely medical care is not provided, then people with this pathology very often die.

Disorders of the cardiovascular system

Hematopoietic system disorders

Taking interferon can lead to the following disorders of the hematopoietic system:

• leukopenia.

Thrombocytopenia manifested by a decrease in the total number of platelets ( platelets). Platelets are needed for normal blood clotting ( coagulation). Most often, thrombocytopenia is manifested by bleeding gums. In some cases, thrombocytopenia can lead to severe bleeding in various internal organs ( especially dangerous bleeding in the brain).

Leukopenia is a decrease in the number of white blood cells ( leukocytes). These cells are able to protect the human body from various pathogens. With leukopenia, a person becomes extremely vulnerable to bacterial infections. This pathological condition often leads to an increase in the size of the spleen and tonsils ( hypertrophy).

Upper and lower respiratory disorders

Also, interferon can lead to the following respiratory diseases (rarely):
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis can occur against the background of a runny nose or SARS ( flu). This pathology is characterized by symptoms such as heaviness in the paranasal sinus, fever, nasal discharge ( thick), pain in the sinus with sharp turns of the head. Most often, the maxillary sinuses are involved in the inflammatory process ( maxillary) and frontal sinuses.

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the tissues of the lungs, in which the alveoli are most often affected ( structural and functional elements of the lung, in which the process of gas exchange occurs). Depending on the volume of damage to the lung tissue, focal ( inflammation of multiple alveoli), segmental ( inflammatory process within one segment of the lung), equity ( damage to one lobe of the lung) and lobar pneumonia ( involvement of both lungs). Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as fever, shortness of breath ( occurs when inflammatory fluid accumulates in the alveoli), chest pain, respiratory failure. With croupous pneumonia, severe intoxication is also observed, which is manifested by headache, dizziness, general malaise and confusion. Most often, uncomplicated pneumonia lasts about a month.

Approximate cost of medication

Interferons are biologically active cytokines that are synthesized in various cells.

Their main function is to provide non-specific antiviral protection.

But in some cases, the body is not able to cope with the infection on its own, and in order to support the immune system and increase its activity, it is better to use the drugs intended for this.

Interferon, the instructions for use of which describe in detail its effects in ARVI and other pathologies, does not “work” instead of natural immunity, but restores its ability to fight pathogenic microflora. In most cases, this is enough to prevent the development of the disease or reduce its duration. In addition to the common SARS and influenza, these cytokines also affect the course of oncological and autoimmune processes.

All interferons synthesized in the human body are divided into two types according to their functional activity:

• Interferons α/β have a pronounced antiviral effect. They are synthesized in response to cell infection with viruses and activate the defense mechanisms of nearby cells. This increases their resistance to pathogenic microflora. Interferons of the first type are synthesized in peripheral blood leukocytes, epithelial cells and fibroblasts.
• Interferons γ, in addition to suppressing the reproduction of the virus in the body, also have a more pronounced immunomodulatory activity compared to group I cytokines. They involve various cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes) in a protective reaction. Moreover, this process occurs not only against the background of the development of any viral disease, but also during physical and psycho-emotional stress, changes in biorhythms, overwork, etc. Type γ interferons are produced by T-lymphocytes.

In a child, the antiviral protection system is much lower than in an adult. This is due to the low ability of leukocytes and lymphocytes to synthesize type I interferons. In addition, their antiviral and immunomodulatory activity is much lower than at a later age. It is believed that the action of these cytokines affects the overall development of the immune system more than anti-infective protection. This determines the susceptibility of the child's body to viral respiratory diseases.

To some extent, antiviral drugs, to which Interferon belongs, can compensate for the lack of work of one's own immunity, as indicated in the instructions for its use. Currently, in clinical practice, medicines of this type are used, obtained both from donated blood and created by genetic engineering (they are called recombinant). There are several groups of drugs based on interferon, they include cytokines of types α, β, γ.

In viral pathology, only Interferon-alpha is used, since its effect on the human body has been studied most thoroughly, in addition, it is he who has the greatest immunostimulating activity. Medicines based on β- and γ-type interferons are prescribed for serious pathologies, for example, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, atopic dermatitis, hereditary immune diseases.

The history of the use of interferon for the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections dates back to the late 60s of the last century. It was then that the positive results of the first large-scale Soviet study on the effectiveness of topical application of human leukocyte interferon in the form of nasal drops were published. More than 14,000 people took part in this experiment.

Further advances in molecular biology have made it possible to create a safer, more concentrated and more effective drug. Currently, recombinant human interferon alpha-2b, obtained by genetic engineering, is used. The composition of the drug also includes the amino acid taurine, which has a beneficial effect in the inflammatory process, regardless of the cause of its occurrence and localization.

Taurine is a strong antioxidant and prevents the accumulation of free radicals in the focus of pathology. In addition, the amino acid restores the normal course of metabolic processes, which speeds up recovery.

The original human leukocyte interferon of domestic production is available in ampoules in the form of a lyophilisate (powder) for preparing a solution for injection and a liquid form of the drug for intranasal use and inhalation. It should be noted that earlier, for the preparation of nasal drops, the powder was diluted in ampoules with water for injection and the resulting solution was dripped into the nose of children, although this method of use is not indicated in the instructions for use of Interferon. The Russian drug is affordable, unlike other analogues.

They are available in the form of rectal suppositories, tablets, ointments or gels, sprays. But it is worth noting that such forms of release, especially capsules, have a systemic effect on the body and increase the risk of various adverse reactions. In accordance with the instructions for the interferon solution for inhalation and intranasal use, it is used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes in acute respiratory viral infections, including influenza.

For planned prevention, interferon is prescribed to patients at risk (with immunodeficiency states and unvaccinated people) during the epidemic. In addition, as indicated in the instructions for use, Interferon is also indicated for emergency prophylaxis in direct contact with a patient with acute respiratory viral infections and when even unexpressed symptoms of the disease appear.

Moreover, the use of the drug is optimal on the first day after the onset of a viral infection. The advantages of drugs based on interferon include their high non-selective activity against almost all pathogens of viral diseases, in addition, even their long-term and frequent use does not lead to the formation of resistant types of pathogenic microflora. Also, at a price they are available to almost all categories of the population.

If we talk about the shortcomings of such medicines, according to doctors, interferons are effective only on the first day, if not hours of the course of SARS. In addition, they are characterized by a short duration of action, the result is not preserved after the termination of their use. Sometimes drugs do not work properly when body temperature is above 38°C. In some patients, specific anti-interferon antibodies begin to be produced, which completely inactivate the action of the agent.

In addition to the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, the instructions for leukocyte interferon in the form of ampoules also indicate other indications for its appointment:

• oncological pathologies, including leukemia, myeloid leukemia, myeloma and associated thrombocytosis, reticulosarcoma;
• viral hepatitis B and C;
• herpes (as part of complex therapy);
• Kaposi's sarcoma, which occurs against the background of AIDS;
• fungal mycosis;
• multiple sclerosis.

Treatment with the drug, even at dosages corresponding to the instructions for the use of Interferon, requires constant medical supervision, since the following side effects may occur during therapy:

• flu-like syndrome, manifested in the form of subfebrile fever, headache and muscle pain, weakness;
• an increase or, conversely, a decrease in blood pressure;
• puffiness;
• cyanosis;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• dyspeptic phenomena (nausea, heartburn, diarrhea);
• symptoms of an allergic reaction (rash, erythema, dry skin);
• drowsiness.

In addition, in laboratory blood tests, an increase in the activity of liver enzymes, bilirubin, the level of urea and creatinine, and uric acid is noted. Urinalysis may show proteinuria and albuminuria.

According to the instructions for the use of Interferon, the drug is contraindicated in such cases:

• hypersensitivity to this group of medicines;
• severe damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems;
• serious diseases of the liver and kidneys (chronic, autoimmune hepatitis, cirrhosis), accompanied by symptoms of insufficiency;
• thyroid pathologies resistant to standard therapy;
• oppression of hematopoiesis.

The drug is contraindicated for both treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy and lactation. Newborn children with weakened immune systems and a tendency to viral respiratory diseases are recommended to use interferon in the form of rectal suppositories (for example, Kipferon) one suppository per day.

Interferon in ampoules: method of administration and dosage for children and adults

The dosage regimen of the drug depends on the goals of treatment. If the drug is used in combination with serious antiviral therapy for hepatitis, oncological pathologies and other similar diseases, the required amount of the drug is selected individually according to age, weight and general condition.

If Interferon in ampoules is used "the old fashioned way" for instillation into the nose for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections, the dosage is the same for children and adults and depends only on the symptoms and stage of the disease. The lyophilisate for the preparation of the solution is a yellowish powder.

Each ampoule has a mark for easy dilution. Immediately before use, add water for injection (2 ml) with a syringe and shake vigorously until the powder is completely dissolved. The prepared solution can be stored only in the refrigerator for no more than a day.

The dosage is as follows:

• For the prevention of SARS: 5 drops in each nasal passage twice a day.
• When the first symptoms of a viral disease appear: 5 drops in each nostril 5 times a day, preferably every 2 hours (the duration of therapy is at least a week).

Before instillation of Interferon in ampoules, the nasal passages should be washed from accumulated mucus.

Interferon for inhalation: method of application, analogues of the drug, its cost and reviews

The inhalation method of administration is considered the most effective, because in this way the drug evenly enters the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract (nose and oropharynx), but also into the bronchi. This activates the work of local immunity along the entire length of the respiratory tract. Optimal for the use of interferon for inhalation is a nebulizer.

However, you should pay attention to the following aspects:

• If the device is equipped with a heating system, it should be controlled that the temperature of the solution does not exceed 37 °, since with intense heating, the active components of the drug lose their effectiveness.
• The size of the sprayed particles should not be less than 5 microns, in which case the steam enters directly into the lower parts of the respiratory system, without affecting the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, which is primarily subjected to a viral attack.
• Inhalations with Interferon should also be started immediately after the onset of clinical symptoms of SARS.

For some diseases, inhalation using a nebulizer is contraindicated, so you should consult a doctor before the procedure.

The solution must be prepared in this way:

1. With a sterile disposable syringe, draw 2-3 ml of saline (do not open the bottle, but pierce the rubber cap with a needle).
2. Open the ampoule with interferon and pour saline into it.
3. Stir the powder vigorously until it dissolves.
4. With the same syringe, draw up the prepared solution and pour it into the nebulizer capsule.

Usually this amount of Interferon for inhalation is enough for a procedure lasting 3-4 minutes, they should be repeated at least 3 times a day. After each, it is necessary to rinse all parts of the nebulizer.

Instead of powder in ampoules, you can use a ready-made solution of the drug in vials, by the way, it is also suitable for instillation into the nose. It should also be noted that inhalations are best done at least an hour before meals or 2 hours after it. The volume of Interferon for inhalation does not depend on the age of the patient, it is the same for both children and adults. But it should be noted that the medicine is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

Of the analogues of leukocyte interferon, doctors recommend the following drugs:

• Grippferon(solution for injection), suitable for instillation into the nose, apply 1 drop in each nasal passage 1 time per day for the entire period of the epidemic, for emergency prophylaxis in contact with a sick person - 1 drop twice a day, for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections - by 1 drop 3-4 times a day.
• Genferon(suppositories), for children under seven years of age, suppositories of 125,000 IU are prescribed, for a child after 7 years, the drug is used at a dosage of 250,000 IU, the frequency of administration is 2 times a day for 5-7 days.
• Viferon(candles, ointment and gel). Children under 7 years old are allowed only suppositories at a dosage of 150,000 IU; at an older age, ointment, gel or suppositories of 500,000 IU are suitable.
• Ingaron(powder for preparing a solution), it is also used intranasally, however, the drug is prescribed only for children over 7 years old, 2-3 drops in each nasal passage 1 time per day immediately after waking up.

Domestically produced leukocyte interferon compares favorably with other analogues in terms of price. So, in the form of a lyophilizate for preparing a solution, it costs 100-120 rubles for 10 ampoules, ready-made Interferon for inhalation or instillation into the nose - 110-120 rubles per bottle.

It is worth mentioning separately about such a group of drugs as interferon inducers, which many confuse with drug analogues. But this is not entirely true, since these drugs stimulate cells to produce their own protective protein, which allows them to be used for a long time. They are also effective for the treatment of SARS.

The main inducers of interferon are:

• Anaferon (tablets), allowed for children from 1 month old, to prevent the disease, use 1 tablet per day, for therapy, the dosage is selected in accordance with the scheme given in the annotation;
• Ergoferon (tablets) is prescribed starting from the age of six months, the prophylactic dose is 1-2 tablets per day, the therapeutic dose is 4 tablets with an interval of 30 minutes for the first 2 hours, then 1 tablet three times a day;
• Tsitovir (syrup, capsules) is indicated only for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, 2-12 ml (depending on age) three times a day;
• Kagocel (tablets) is indicated for children from 6 years of age, 12 mg 3 times a day with a gradual decrease in dosage;
• Panavir (candles, injection, gel) is used for therapeutic purposes twice a day for 5-7 days.

Some people, especially young people, prefer modern drugs, and find it more convenient to use ready-made tablets or ointments. Suppositories are used only for the treatment of children. However, many prefer a proven drug over the years. And their point of view is shared by doctors, since this medicine has been successfully used for more than 50 years, and during this time no delayed adverse reactions have been noted. Relatively recently began to use Interferon for inhalation, which further increased its antiviral activity.

Human leukocyte interferon is a unique product with pronounced immunomodulating and immunostimulating capabilities. This drug is able to reduce the growth of tumors, which is achieved due to the presence of interferon alpha in it.

The latter refers to a group of proteins produced by human blood leukocytes. They help our body fight a large number of diseases of a viral, fungal, infectious and other nature.

Indications for use

What helps to cure leukocyte interferon? With proper and timely use, it accelerates recovery in the case of such ailments:

• respiratory system infections;
• bacterial infections;
• immunodeficiency;
• viruses;
• benign and malignant neoplasms;
• kidney and liver diseases;
• fungal infections;
• pathology of the mucous membranes and eyes.

Leukocyte interferon is used to prevent these health problems and strengthen immunity in general.

The drug is included in the complex therapy of many pathologies, and its dosage is prescribed only on an individual basis.

Release forms

Interferon is available in ampoules, in the form of suppositories, ointments and as a dry powder - a lyophilized substance. The latter must be diluted with saline, while the substance in ampoules is already ready for use.

pharmachologic effect

The human protein, which is interferon, is able to exert its healing effect immediately after entering the body. It inhibits the activity of pathological microorganisms and increases the protective abilities of the organism as a whole.

Due to the latter property, a person who has consumed the powder may experience an insignificant rise in temperature, which is considered an adequate response to an increase in the concentration of interferon in the blood. As you already know, the vast majority of bacteria and viruses die already at 37 degrees.

Interferon for children

• Interferon ampoules

Inhalations based on human protein are quite effective. For them, you need to dissolve the contents of three ampoules in 10 ml of boiled water and do the procedures for irrigating the oral (nasal) cavity twice a day.

• Interferon Powder

Having bought the dry form of the drug, the powder in a glass pharmacy container must be diluted with two milliliters of warm boiled water. The interval between instillations is 6 hours, while the general course lasts until the threat of infection with the virus passes.

If human interferon is used for intensive healing, it must be diluted in a similar way (for powdered form), but drip after a couple of hours, again, five drops in each nostril of the child.

• Interferon ointment

Interferon in the form of an ointment is a convenient everyday remedy against viruses. She can treat not only the nostrils, but also the tonsils.

• Interferon suppositories

As for suppositories, they are often recommended for use in newborns or when the therapeutic effect needs to be achieved as quickly as possible. Once in the rectum, human interferon instantly penetrates into the bloodstream and begins its healing effect. It is customary to administer rectally every 12 hours, but not more than five days in a row.

Interferon for adults

1. Eye pathologies: the powder is diluted with one milliliter of boiled water and instilled under the lower eyelid. The procedure must be repeated 10 times a day, while the general course can take both two days and a couple of weeks;
2. Viral, bacterial and colds of the respiratory tract: the powder is diluted in 2 ml of warm boiled water and on the first day of the disease, 1-3 drops are injected into each nostril with a frequency of 2 hours. The interferon is then divided into 5 doses maximum;
3. Immunodeficiency, as well as the condition with benign and malignant neoplasms, is corrected according to the following scheme: Interferon powder is diluted with saline and injected intramuscularly. If you need to make an intravenous injection, sodium chloride is used for dilution.

Contraindications for use

Instructions for the use of protein categorically do not recommend including the drug in treatment regimens if the following deviations are present:

• Personal intolerance to the substance in its pure form;
• Increased susceptibility to chicken protein;
• Antibiotic intolerance;
• Complex organic pathologies;
• CNS dysfunction;
• Malfunctions of the liver, thyroid gland or kidneys;
• Chronic form of hepatitis;
• Cirrhosis of the liver;
• Taking sedative medications or immunosuppressants;
• Use of strong sleeping pills or opioid analgesics.

Interferon and alcohol

Dry powder is unacceptable for use in company with alcohol.

Alcohol greatly detracts from the positive properties that drugs based on it carry with them, and provokes a large number of side effects in the form of:

• vomiting and nausea;
• depression;
• headaches and dizziness;
• rapid heartbeat;
• appetite suppression;
• suicidal states;
• changes in liver function, etc.

The most interesting thing is that the effect of synthetically produced protein on the human body has not yet been fully studied, and doctors are finding new indications for its use. A logical conclusion follows from this: the consequences of taking the drug in tablets or intramuscularly, supplemented with alcohol, can be completely unpredictable, and it’s good if everything ends with an allergy or one-time vomiting.