Symptoms after food poisoning. Treatment of food poisoning in children and adults. Prevention of intestinal poisoning

Unfortunately not very quality products, or cooking dishes with violations of sanitary standards is not at all uncommon, and the consequence of this is acute food poisoning, the symptoms of which imply both treatment and an ambulance home help to the victim.

What it is?

Directly, acute food poisoning itself is a polyetiological disease, with a concomitant disorder of the digestive and intestinal functions, which is formed due to the ingestion of food filled with bacteria and toxins into the stomach, which may have different nature origin.

This pathology also includes the ingestion of toxic substances of both natural and artificial origin into the body.

What types are there?

The classification of this seemingly absolutely simple everyday illness in medicine is quite extensive, and is replete with special terms. If we simplify it, then, from the point of view of ordinary person, acute food poisoning can be divided into three groups, depending on its causative agent:

1. Microbial in nature, this group can include all food infections, intoxication conditions, food toxicosis.
2. Non-microbial origin, i.e. poisoning inedible mushrooms, chemicals, plants, poisons and so on.
3. Poisoning by an unidentified pathogen, if it is impossible to recreate the etiology of the intoxication process.

Why does poisoning occur?

Most of of all acute poisoning occurs solely because of the fault of a person, and it is not at all necessary for the person who gets sick - acute exogenous poisoning, for example, usually begins due to violations of sanitary standards and non-compliance even with the most basic hygiene when preparing meals in restaurants and catering establishments.

The main factors that cause indigestion are:

• Products and dishes prepared in violation of technological and sanitary requirements.
• Improper storage of food temperature regime.
• Expired shelf life, spoiled food (for example, slightly rotten cheap vegetables or fruits).
• The presence of a toxin or poison initially, for example, in mushrooms, fish, wild berries.

Of the purchased food products, the culprits of intoxication are most often:

1. Confectionery with thick butter cream.
2. Bread, any, both black and white, especially expensive "special" breads are especially dangerous, the shelf life of which usually leaves much to be desired.
3. Dairy products, contrary to common misconception, can be poisoned not only with “homemade” milk, but also with pasteurized factory products.
4. Raw smoked sausages, meat, poultry and fish.
5. Salads that have stood with dressing for some time in the culinary department, this especially applies to mayonnaise dressings.
6. Mushrooms.
7. Weakly salted fish.
8. Seafood.
9. Fresh vegetables and fruits.
10. Canned food.

Unfortunately, most people are convinced that intestinal disorders they will not come if the one who started deteriorates or simply boil the dubious product well. This opinion is especially widespread in relation to canned semi-finished products of soups, cabbage side dishes, cereals and other similar dishes “packed” in jars in a semi-ready state.

This position very often leads to the most acute food pathologies who require treatment for stationary conditions, which is not surprising, because no matter what processing of the damaged semi-finished product is carried out, a guarantee that all pathogenic microorganisms die, she won't.

Some types of causative agents of the disease are resistant to temperature, for example, Staphylococcus aureus does not die during boiling at all, rather, on the contrary, it multiplies intensively. Botulinum toxins, which become the causative agents of botulism, can only die with intense boiling for 30-40 minutes. And the dubious "gifts of the forest", that is, inedible or poisonous mushrooms, with any cooking retain all toxic qualities.

How to recognize?

Signs of acute poisoning can be very diverse, depending on what exactly became their source. However, in case of poisoning, there is general symptoms familiar to everyone who has suffered at least once from poor quality food:

• uncomfortable incomprehensible sensations;
• nausea, increasing in nature;
• uncontrollable, and sometimes spontaneous, vomiting;
• cramps, pain in the stomach and intestines;
• bouts of severe diarrhea, sometimes diarrhea can be spontaneous;
• an increase in body temperature, on average, up to 38-39 degrees;
• great weakness, dizziness.

In the case when the source is in doubt during poisoning, with increasing symptoms, if the disorder has occurred in a child, it is imperative to call the doctors and provide first aid to the victim while they are traveling.

Acute poisoning in children does not differ in its symptoms from the course of disorders in adults. The only difference is that it is more difficult to establish the source of intoxication, and the process itself is much more difficult for a child than an adult, and the consequences can be much more serious - up to the development of various complications, such as kidney failure or hypervolimic shock.

Stages of development

Any disorder, ailment or pathology has certain stages of development, and its treatment directly depends on the stage at which the disease is caught.

The stages of acute food poisoning are as follows:

1. Asymptomatic is the so-called latent, or “hidden” period, which occurs immediately after the causative agent of the disorder enters the body. The duration of the stage directly depends on the degree of spoilage of the product, the age and weight of the person, individual susceptibility and a number of other factors. At this stage, it is easiest to treat potential poisoning, especially in children. If a child is seen eating strange berries, for example, from a bush in a park or in a forest, he should immediately induce vomiting, wash his stomach, and give sorbents. Usually, no health effects after such urgent action does not come.
2. Toxigenic - its beginning is indicated by the manifestation of the first signs of the disease, and the finale occurs with the maximum possible removal of toxins from the stomach and taking medications. As a rule, it is at this stage that first aid is provided and doctors are called.
3. Reconvalescence is compound word indicates the stage of recovery of the body. Its duration directly depends on the source. Sometimes, when poisoned with complex combinations of toxins, or poisons, the same mushrooms, remission can last up to several years and be accompanied by manifestations of various complications from nervous activity, functions endocrine system and a number of other pathologies that require independent additional treatment.

The minimum recovery time for an acute eating disorder is three days.

What to do?

The first thing to do with signs of a disorder, especially if they are very strong, or if a child is ill, is to call ambulance. Self-classification of poisoning is impossible, even when its source is precisely known.

In domestic conditions, it is possible to determine the type of disorder only at the level - "poisoned with bread, salad, sausage" and so on, that is, to designate the product, but the classification of the pathogen will remain unknown. For example, a piece of undercooked barbecue can carry both botulism and staphylococcus aureus and many other bacteria, or it can simply be eaten with unwashed hands.

In order to determine what kind of infection or intoxication "wound up" in the stomach, we need laboratory tests. They will also allow for the treatment that is necessary and effective in a particular case, respectively, to avoid complications.

Emergency measures, first aid, this is what you need to do while waiting for doctors.

The very first aid for acute poisoning consists in the following actions:

Rinse the stomach is a must, even if it seems that "everything is already out" with vomiting. Really need to flush and gastric juice, and part of the mucus - they also contain the causative agent of the disorder.

Washing itself at home is simple - you need to drink at least one and a half liters of water, in no case cold, wait a couple of minutes, until a feeling of seething or spasm appears, induce vomiting. This process will have to be repeated until an almost clear liquid comes out during vomiting - without the presence of an unpleasant odor, mucous formations, or a greenish-gray tint.

Highly effective remedy it is for the washing process that simple potassium permanganate is used. Its solution has a disinfecting effect, the main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of manganese potassium, so as not to cause burns on the mucous membrane, the solution should be pale pink, and the crystals should be completely dissolved.

It is permissible to wash the stomach with soda, you need to prepare such a solution in the following proportions - one dessert spoon for a couple of liters of water - for children, and - a tablespoon for two liters - for adults.

Sorbents - after washing the stomach, you should make sure that severe spasms have receded, and vomiting has stopped, then you need to give the patient "first-aid" medicines.

Necessary medicines in acute poisoning are sorbents. The most effective and versatile of them is ordinary activated carbon. This drug has been known since the time of ancient civilizations, and since then, has not changed at all. The composition of black tablets is still exclusively natural ingredients such as coke, nutshells and processed wood products.

Coal has no contraindications and an overdose of them is also impossible. Therefore, it will perfectly help to collect and remove the remnants of toxins from the body for pregnant women, the elderly and children, including the smallest of them.

Like all medical preparations, coal has recommendations for use. It is dosed simply - 1 black puck for every 10 kg of weight, regardless of age. Pregnant women need to increase this amount, for them - 1.5 tablets for every 10 kg.

As for the reception, it is quite difficult for a person who vomited heart-rendingly to swallow hard coal washers. Therefore, the medicine must be crushed and dissolved in water, in an amount that is not very difficult to drink. Ideally - half a glass, since such a volume of liquid will not provoke muscle spasms and will be drunk quite easily by victims of poisoning.

You can also take other medicinal sorbents that have similar action.

Helping young children while waiting for the arrival of a medical team is no different from helping adult patients.

Recovery

The doctors who arrived on call, based on the patient's condition and the information received from the words about the causes of the disorder, decide on the need for hospitalization or the possibility of home treatment. They also provide advice on the right medicines.

As a rule, if going to the hospital is deemed inappropriate, home therapy is based on taking sorbents for 3-7 days. Among the drugs recommended by doctors, the most common are:

• coal, both black and white;
• smecta;
• enterosgel;
• Lactofiltrum.

Medications are taken according to the instructions, usually sorbents are recommended to be used 4 to 6 times a day.

Also an important part of the healing process is plentiful drink, since eating disorders severely dehydrate the human body. Ideal for drinks:

1. warm water, simple, drinkable.
2. Infusion medicinal chamomile.
3. Weakly brewed Linden blossom.
4. Warm water with a little honey added.
5. Weak unsweetened tea.

Food - under a complete ban for at least a day, and sometimes for more long period. It depends on the condition of the patient and the severity of the poisoning. If everything is fine, then you can start eating already on the second day, and the first dishes should be:

• vegetable broths, lightly salted;
• liquid vegetable puree, on water and without oils.

At favorable course rehabilitation after a disorder, you can return to your usual diet in a week. And all this time, in no case should you eat:

1. Dairy products, in any form.
2. White bread and sweet dough products.
3. Use in food spices, seasonings, vinegar, sugar, large amounts of salt.
4. Extreme foods for the stomach - pickles, pickled foods, smoked meats, confectionery, sauces and much more.

As a support for the body during treatment, honey is indispensable, of course, in reasonable quantities.

Video: food poisoning.

Prevention of acute eating disorders

Food poisoning is a disease that is easier to avoid than to treat its consequences. This is especially true for young children, the elderly and pregnant women who are extremely difficult to tolerate food poisoning.

For successful prevention, you need to bring to "automaticity", turn into a habit, a number of very simple actions:

• Be sure to wash your hands - after returning from the street, before cooking, during cooking, after visiting the toilet, after any household chores - always wash your hands and teach children to do this.
• Maintain hygiene in the kitchen - change towels regularly, use different boards and knives for different groups products, be sure to wash them thoroughly.
• He is attentive to such moments as the expiration dates of products and their storage conditions, for example, in many in the kitchen just like that, on dining table, there is ketchup - however, this sauce deteriorates at temperatures above 12 degrees.
• Be sure to boil, bake and fry all food, you should not risk your health for the sake of the dubious pleasure of eating half-baked meat or poultry.
• Do not eat at questionable restaurants or cafes, avoid snacking on the go, do not teach children to eat ice cream or something else in the park while walking dirty hands.
• Avoid public toilets especially street ones.
• Always carry wet disinfectant wipes with you.

It is especially important to accustom children to full observance of personal hygiene. Unfortunately, if in kindergartens they still take kids to wash their hands before eating, then in schools they don’t even remind about this. Yes, and often there is no basic soap in school toilets, which, of course, remains on the conscience of educational institutions, but is not a reason to risk health.

Therefore, the student needs to be given napkins with him so that the child has the technical ability to at least wipe his hands before going down to the canteen for a big break.

Of course, this list can be continued, but even these rules of everyday behavior taken into the habit will certainly reduce the risk of acute food poisoning, in which it is often necessary serious treatment to a minimum.

A disease state resulting from the ingestion of toxic substances into the body is called poisoning. The first thing to do in case of any poisoning is to remove the poison from the body as quickly as possible and neutralize it. For this purpose, gastric lavage is used: they give several glasses of water to drink in a row and induce vomiting by pressing a finger on the root of the tongue.

There are several types of poisoning:
poisoning with caustic alkalis and acids
food poisoning
sleeping pill poisoning and drugs
alcohol poisoning
arsenic poisoning
industrial poisoning
light poisoning and carbon monoxide
insecticide poisoning

The most common type of poisoning is food poisoning, or food intoxication. Food poisoning- this is acute condition, appearing after eating a product that contained toxins of various origins, biological and non-biological. Let's list The most common types of food poisoning are:
1. Poisoning associated with eating poisonous plants and animals.
2. Microbial poisoning (food poisoning).
3. Poisoning chemicals various categories.

The most common acute food intoxications resulting from the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microbes and their toxins are called microbial poisoning, or food poisoning. The causative agents of this type of infection are staphylococci, Proteus, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, enterotoxigenic strains. coli, clostridia, etc. Sources of food poisoning are sick people and healthy carriers of the infection, as well as animals. In food, microbes multiply, which form toxins. These toxins enter the human body through the food we eat.

Violation of sanitary and hygienic standards during the preparation, storage and sale of food products (for example, if food long time located in a warm room outdoors) is an ideal condition for the contamination of food and the accumulation of toxins in it.

Some microbes (particularly staphylococcus aureus) produce toxins that are resistant to boiling. As a result, even if the food was previously boiled, the risk of food poisoning does not disappear. As a rule, contaminated food looks spoiled, it has bad smell, taste, it has an unusual texture and color. One of the most obvious signs that food is unfit for consumption (this applies especially to liquid food) is that gas bubbles appear on it. However, often food intoxication can also develop after eating foods with good organoleptic characteristics.

Characteristic signs and symptoms of food poisoning:
poisoning develops during from 2 hours to a day from the moment of eating unsuitable food;
there are symptoms early stage gastroenteritis, such as: excruciating nausea, repeated vomiting, severe diarrhea. In food poisoning, the diarrhea is watery, copious, offensive, and contains residues undigested food usually does not contain blood. Along with diarrhea, the body temperature rises, chills begin, and the state of health deteriorates sharply.
the duration of the disease is 1-3 days, during which the symptoms gradually subside. Even after some time after poisoning, there are pains in the abdomen, weakness, flatulence.

Treatment of food poisoning

2. Throughout the entire period of illness, you need to drink plenty of fluids - at least 2-3 liters of fluid per day. Doctors advise adding a little to the water table salt(per 1 liter of water 1 teaspoon), baking soda (in the same ratio) and sugar (per liter of water 2 teaspoons). In addition, dry mixes specially designed for rehydration are used (for example, Regidron).

3. You should stop eating hard-to-digest and irritating foods.

4. Antimicrobials prescribed only by the attending physician and used in severe cases toxic infections.

5. If there is severe diarrhea (diarrhea), it is possible to use Loperamide as a symptomatic drug.

6. If a toxic infection is observed in a child or a pregnant woman, hospitalization may be required.

7. Against the background of past food poisoning, intestinal dysbacteriosis may appear, requiring separate independent treatment.

In what cases it is necessary to resort to the help of a doctor?

Another type of poisoning poisoning with caustic alkalis and acids. Symptoms of the disease are as follows: burns of the lips, oral mucosa and sharp pain, pain on swallowing, vomiting blood. In case of poisoning with acids (sulfuric, acetic, nitric, hydrochloric), until the emergency aid arrives, it is necessary to constantly wash the stomach (several liters of water will be required). You can prepare a solution for washing with the addition of magnesia (1 teaspoon per glass of water). It is allowed to wash with ordinary cold boiled water with the induction of vomiting. In no case is it allowed to induce vomiting in a person who is in a semi-conscious or unconscious state.

In case of poisoning with alkalis (lye, ammonia), it is necessary to wash the stomach with the following solution: for half a glass of water 1 g citric acid or a tablespoon of 3% vinegar per glass of water.

After washing, the patient should be given cold cream or milk (teaspoons), pieces of ice (swallow), butter, raw eggs put on his chest and in epigastric region an ice pack, and heating pads next to the arms and legs.

Signs of alcohol poisoning: at first the person is excited, his face turns red, out of his mouth there is a smell alcohol, then delirium begins, the face becomes white color the patient falls into an unconscious state. Care must be taken when sniffing ammonia, do a gastric lavage, and then overlay the body with heating pads, a plentiful hot drink (for example, strong coffee) will be useful.
In case of drug poisoning and sleeping pills the following symptoms are observed: dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting, tinnitus, convulsions, weak and slow pulse. First, it is necessary to wash the stomach, after which in no case should the patient be allowed to sleep, it is necessary to make him move, walk around the room, rub and warm his body, alternate cold douches and hot baths, if necessary, take artificial respiration.

The man who got poisoned carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) or lighting gas, experiences the following symptoms: tinnitus, headache, general weakness, dizziness, weakened pulse, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, in cases of severe poisoning - loss of consciousness, convulsions. First of all, the victim must be taken to Fresh air, give stimulating drinks such as tea, coffee, sniff ammonia, do artificial respiration, put heating pads, rub.

At arsenic poisoning the patient has incessant vomiting and diarrhea, as a result of which convulsions begin, the limbs turn blue. It is necessary to call an ambulance and before her arrival to carry out a gastric lavage.

Industrial poisons is a group of drugs and liquids used for technical purposes. They can also cause poisoning. The most dangerous is antifreeze poisoning, since just one sip of it can be fatal. Signs of poisoning occur only after 6-8 hours: initially there is general weakness, vomiting, nausea, and then hallucinations, delirium, convulsions begin, up to loss of consciousness. In industrial liquids such as denatured alcohol and the like, there are harmful impurities - fusel oils, methyl alcohol, which is similar in smell and taste to food ethyl alcohol. Just one sip of methyl alcohol leads to atrophy optic nerve and turning off consciousness, while a dose of 30-100 g, as a rule, ends in death.

If there is a possibility of industrial poisoning, it is necessary to do a gastric lavage, give an enema and immediately consult a doctor.

In case of poisoning with poisonous substances, such as, for example, karbofos, chlorophos, used in the fight against harmful insects (the so-called insecticides), dizziness, pain in the head, muscles, and loss of appetite are observed. As a rule, these symptoms disappear after a few days, however, in severe cases (large amounts of vapors), poisoning can lead to damage to the central nervous system. If the poison gets on the skin, ulcers can form if the mucous membranes of the eyes are affected, partial loss of vision or serious illnesses eye.

Unfortunately, each of us is prone to food poisoning. Even if you buy fresh food in trusted places, even though this significantly reduces the risk of poisoning, it still does not eliminate it. Poisoning is possible not only homemade food, but also food from a restaurant, points of sale, at a party, etc., where you cannot fully control the quality of the products. If you have been poisoned, then we will talk about how to treat food poisoning further.
The article will address the following questions:

Causes of food poisoning

• Fruits and vegetables

• Meat products

• Mushrooms

• Dairy products

• Canning products

• Violation of the technology of production or storage of products of non-vegetable origin

Signs of food poisoning

• diarrhea


• Nausea and vomiting;


• Headache;


• Chills;


• Increase in body temperature;


• Body ache.

Treatment for food poisoning

Prevention of food poisoning

Signs of poisoning will depend on the amount of poor-quality products or poisons that have fallen into gastrointestinal tract. to the symptoms of this pathological condition include: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, increased salivation, falling blood pressure, dehydration, fever. In severe cases, a disorder of the functions of the central nervous system, coma is possible.

Signs of food poisoning appear 1-2 hours after ingestion of a poor-quality meal or poisonous substance. In some cases, they may appear within a day. The cause of the pathological condition is the use of poor-quality products, dishes, or improperly stored products. Mushrooms, shrimp, oysters, mussels, poorly fried meat, fish liver, caviar, milk, smoked meat or fish, dairy products, home-canned products can provoke poisoning.

Symptoms of poisoning in children and pregnant women

In contrast, children have a worse developed gag reflex, their poisoning is much stronger. It is accompanied by weakness, diarrhea, weakening of the heart and renal functions, cyanosis of the skin. Children's body loses fluid faster and diarrhea, dehydration is the main threat to the life of the child.

Symptoms of poisoning in women are few from signs of toxicosis. These include weakness, loss of appetite, diarrhea, cramping pains in epigastric region, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, headache. However, they can be more pronounced, as toxicosis aggravates the uncomfortable condition. Diarrhea and vomiting can cause blood to thicken and form blood clots. Dehydration activates the synthesis of oxytocin, which can lead to increased uterine contractions.

Signs of food poisoning

Mushroom poisoning is serious condition, life threatening. Its symptoms appear 4-6 hours after eating poisonous mushrooms. Signs of intoxication include fever, pain in the muscles of the body, severe abdominal pain, urinary retention, bloody diarrhea, drop in blood pressure, slow pulse, suffocation, convulsions.

Signs of fish poisoning are characterized by rapid development. They appear 20-30 minutes after eating the dish. These include: vomiting, abdominal cramps, impaired vision and coordination, dizziness up to loss of consciousness.

Food poisoning with dairy products is characterized by an acute onset. It is manifested by sudden weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps. In some cases, the body temperature rises.

Such a disorder can occur in absolutely any person, since food poisoning is the most common disease. There are a few specific symptoms this disease. They manifest themselves in the form of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, dehydration. An important role in the course of such a violation is played by the level of immunity. So, in some it can manifest itself to a slight extent, while in others it can be acute.

Symptoms of poisoning can appear both a few hours after eating stale food, and occur the next day. Eating disorders are divided into several types, the most common among them is bacterial, a little less common is non-bacterial. For diagnosis, it is necessary to find out what caused the appearance of such a disorder, and the type of microorganism that affected it (through the study of emetic and stool, urine and blood). Treatment consists of immediate gastric lavage and a cleansing enema. Treatment and prevention of food poisoning can be carried out at home, but only after the patient has been examined by a specialist.

Etiology

There are quite a few factors for the occurrence of poisoning, but the most common among them is eating low-quality foods that are enriched with toxic substances or bacteria that negatively affect the digestive tract. The main causative agents of this disorder are:

• inedible types of mushrooms and berries, or those that were collected in an unintended place, for example, near factories that make chemical emissions or not far from highways;
• microbes found in food. Poisoning can be caused by salmonella, and various viruses.

In addition, the group highest risk, where microorganisms can appear and multiply, are the following products:

• dairy and sour milk - their expiration date is the fastest compared to others food products. This is the main factor causing food poisoning in a child;
• eggs, especially in raw form;
• various types of meat;
• unripe fruits and vegetables;
• fish, in particular those dishes that include it without prior heat treatment;
• sweet bakery or confectionery products containing cream;
• home-made canned food and pickles;
• products whose vacuum packaging has been violated, as well as the shelf life has expired;
• perishable food stored without a refrigerator;
• improper storage and use of products in educational institutions, as well as in canteens in production.

Varieties

Classification of food poisoning according to the factor of their occurrence:

• microbial - caused by various microorganisms that multiply in food, and the toxins they release;
• non-microbial - manifested through human contact with products that are inedible by nature, among them - plants, berries or mushrooms, animal tissues or animal products, for example, milk or fish caviar, which can be poisonous under certain conditions;
• mixed;
• unidentified in origin - often these include poisoning with metals or chemical elements.

Classification of food poisoning depending on the degree of leakage this disorder and intensity of expression of symptoms:

• asymptomatic- this stage lasts from the initial entry of the toxin into the body until the first signs appear. This period can last for each person in different ways, since it depends on the amount of stale food taken, general condition immunity and age group. It is important to start treatment, especially in a child, precisely at this stage, when the toxic substance has not spread throughout the body along with the bloodstream. First aid at home consists of gastric lavage and taking sorbent medications;
• toxigenic- characterized by the appearance of acute symptoms in a child, because in small organism pathogenic process proceeds much faster. In adults, they appear with less intensity. Signs include bouts of vomiting, fever, and aversion to food. At this stage, it is necessary to rinse the stomach, make a cleansing enema, and then produce forced diuresis - in which a lot of fluid is introduced into the body and diuretics are given;
• convalescence- during which the disturbed functions of the body are restored. During this period, it is necessary to adhere to a diet and a proper diet at home.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of food poisoning in children appear after a few hours, and in an adult this period of time can be from ten to twenty four hours. Symptoms of this eating disorder include:

• headaches, gradually increasing;
• increased salivation;
• severe sweating;
• weakness and malaise;
• severe dizziness;
• dry mouth;
• bloating;
• urination disorders;
• an increase in body temperature, in rare cases it rises to 39 degrees. Fever and hallucinations can only occur with mushroom poisoning;
• muscle pain and weakness;
• lowering blood pressure;
• decrease or complete absence appetite
• soreness in the lower abdomen (can manifest itself in the form of contractions);
• sudden diarrhea;
• shade change skin pale to bluish;
• a decrease in the work of the heart and kidneys is expressed with food poisoning in a child.

The above signs of poisoning are most dangerous for a child, especially for infants under one year old, since some of them can become a significant threat to his life. It is recommended that when the first symptoms appear, immediately call an ambulance, since at home it is impossible to provide first aid to babies due to the fact that the child cannot take a lot of fluids and tablets activated carbon.

Food poisoning during pregnancy is practically no different from the manifestation of this disorder in other female representatives. The only difference is that a more intense manifestation of signs of food poisoning is possible, which is caused by the presence, which brings more discomfort to the woman carrying the child. If in such a period to start timely treatment, you can avoid the appearance of blood clots (may be caused by blood clots), as well as a strong uterine contraction caused by dehydration. But in most cases, such an ailment does not harm the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. During pregnancy, you can not carry out self-treatment at home with the help of folk remedies. Be sure to follow a sparing diet.

After manifestation the following symptoms food poisoning in an adult or child, you should immediately contact a specialist:

• admixture of blood in vomit and feces;
• an increase in body temperature up to forty degrees;
• convulsions;
• disorders of the central nervous system;
• slow heart rate;
• labored breathing;
• swelling of the face or limbs;
• severe weakness of the muscles, in which the patient cannot hold any object, and the child - the head in an upright position.

These signs can lead to a coma.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of food poisoning is to determine the factors of its occurrence. To do this, you need to:

• a blood test to detect bacteria;
• the study of feces, urine and vomit - is carried out to isolate the pathogen;
• examination of contaminated food.

After that you will need additional consultations from such specialists as a neurologist, gastroenterologist, surgeon. If the patient is a child, similar specialists in the pediatric field. Such physicians can differential diagnosis this disorder with diseases such as:

• spicy ;
• - acute or chronic form;
• – inflammatory process in the gallbladder;
• - inflammation of the pancreas;
• - an infection affecting the lining of the brain.

After the attending physician receives all the test results, he will determine what to do with food poisoning and prescribe the most effective treatment tactics.

Treatment

Before the arrival of the ambulance, it is necessary to provide the patient with first aid for food poisoning, which consists of:

• gastric lavage with a saline or weak solution of potassium permanganate. This should be carried out until the water becomes clean, without food impurities;
• taking activated charcoal or other absorbent medications;
• drinking cool purified water or warm sweet tea - in order to prevent dehydration;
• providing rest to the patient;
• refusal of any food.

Such methods can be applied during food poisoning during pregnancy and other adults. If such a disorder has appeared in a child, especially in babies less than a year old, it is necessary to wait for the arrival of doctors. After arriving at medical institution, the patient is given additional measures eradication treatment toxic substances, infections and disorders of the nervous system. With timely treatment of this disease, it passes without consequences for the body for seven days.

In addition, an important role in the treatment of food poisoning is played by a specially formulated sparing diet, which provides for the rejection of dishes with great content fats and carbohydrates, hot spices and sauces, as well as foods that have chemical exposure on the gastrointestinal tract. During the diet, you can eat in any quantities:

• first courses cooked in low-fat broths;
• boiled meat and fish, but not fatty varieties;
• buckwheat, rice and oatmeal;
• mashed potatoes;
• kissels, compotes and weak teas;
• cottage cheese;
• eggs - can only be eaten boiled or as an omelet;
• white bread crumbs.

The diet provides for the rejection of:

• bakery and confectionery products;
• milk and hard cheeses;
• legumes;
• sweets;
• fatty meats and fish;
• dishes prepared with a high content of table salt and vegetable oil;
• smoked meats;
• sweet carbonated drinks and concentrated juices;
• homemade pickles and canned food.

During the diet, you need to follow the rules of eating:

• monitor the calorie content of meals. You can eat no more than two thousand kilocalories per day;
• the diet should consist of six meals throughout the day;
• food can only be steamed or in the oven, without adding oil;
• drink at least two liters of fluid per day.

It is important to remember that without following a diet, drug treatment will bring less effect.

In addition, at home, you can use folk remedies treatment, consisting of decoctions and infusions based on:

• honey and dill;
• roots of marshmallow and mountain ash;
• wild rose;
• lemon juice;
• rice and flax seeds.

But you can use such therapies at home only after a doctor's prescription.

Prevention

To prevent food poisoning, you must:

• before eating, do not forget to wash your hands, vegetables and fruits;
• adhere to the rules of processing and storage of products. Always, with the help of their receptors, check their freshness;
• drink only purified water;
• do not eat dishes consisting of products of unknown origin;
• clean food in the refrigerator in a timely manner;
• at the first manifestation of symptoms of food poisoning, consult a doctor, and the child - call an ambulance.