Chemical barrier contraceptives. Chemical method of contraception. Features of the impact of chemical methods of contraception

They are divided into several groups:
1. Abstinence from sexual intercourse. This method contraception is 100% effective;
2. A group of methods based on physiological patterns and not very reliable. These methods do not affect the body in any way, have no side effects and contraindications, and therefore can be used by all people without exception. To such physiological methods pregnancy warnings include calendar, rhythmic, temperature methods, lactational amenorrhea and coitus interruptus;
3. A group of methods based on the application of a physical barrier to the penetration of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity. These methods have a fairly high efficiency and prevent infection with sexually transmitted diseases. This group of methods includes the use of condoms, vaginal diaphragms and caps;
4. A group of methods based on the use of chemical barriers for the penetration of spermatozoa into the uterine cavity. These methods are highly efficient and do not systemic action on the human body. Currently, this group of methods includes spermicidal suppositories, gels, lubricants, sprays, tablets, etc.;
5. Hormonal contraception with high efficiency;
6. Other methods of contraception with high level efficiency, such as an intrauterine device or sterilization.

According to the mechanism and type of action, all methods of contraception are divided into the following varieties:

• Hormonal methods;
• Intrauterine;
• barrier;
• Surgical;
• Postcoital;
• Biological.

Hormonal methods of contraception

Oral contraceptives are combined estrogen-progestin and pure progestogen. Combined drugs contain two types of female sex hormones - estrogen and gestagen. And gestagenic, respectively, contain only one hormone from the progesterone group. Gestagen contraceptives are also called mini-pills. Currently, oral contraceptives are the most common among other hormonal ways pregnancy prevention.

Oral contraceptives for each woman must be selected individually, taking into account the existing diseases, the type of menstrual cycle, hormonal background etc. Hormonal pills prevent the development of ovulation, and also change the state of the endometrium, preventing the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus. Thanks to this action hormonal pills reliably protect against unwanted pregnancy. Oral contraceptives also reduce the duration and volume of blood lost during menstruation, eliminate pain and minimize the risk of developing inflammatory pathologies.

modern oral contraceptive drug Delsia contains the most studied combination of active ingredients, ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone. This combination restores hormonal balance, contributes to the normalization of the cycle, maintaining a stable body weight, eliminating oily skin and hair, reducing anxiety and improving mood. The optimal mode of administration is one tablet for 21 days with a physiological break of 7 days.

Oral contraceptives have advantages and disadvantages over other methods. Yes, to undeniable advantages refer high efficiency, ease of use and positive action on the female reproductive system. The disadvantages include side effects like headache, nausea, irritability, mood swings, etc. Besides, combined contraceptives should not be taken by women suffering from vascular diseases (thrombophlebitis, hypertension, strokes in the past, etc.), liver, obesity, malignant tumors and bleeding. Combined contraceptives should not be taken by women over 35 who smoke. Unlike combined contraceptives, progestogen mini-pills are suitable for women over 35 years of age. Mini-pills can be used during breastfeeding.

Transdermal contraceptives are a patch containing hormones that are gradually released and enter the bloodstream. Such prolonged action with gradual release of hormones is also characteristic of vaginal rings.

Injectable contraceptives- These are injections containing synthetic hormones that provide protection from pregnancy for a long time up to several months.

Implantable contraceptives are implants containing synthetic hormones that are inserted under the skin, providing a gradual release active substance and long-term action.

intrauterine contraception

barrier methods of contraception

Surgical method of contraception

Postcoital contraception

Postcoital contraceptives include Escapel, Postinor, Danazol or Mifepristone. The use of any drug for emergency contraception seriously unbalance functional state reproductive system women. The disruption can be so severe that it can lead to ovarian dysfunction.

Biological methods of contraception

When using the calendar method, women calculate dangerous days along the length of your own menstrual cycle. And the application of the temperature method requires daily measurement of basal temperature (in the rectum). When the temperature rises by 0.4 - 0.5 degrees, it means that ovulation has occurred. 4 - 5 days before its onset - these are the days on which maximum probability pregnancy occurs. It is necessary to measure the temperature for several menstrual cycles and calculate, based on the schedule, dangerous days on which you cannot have sexual intercourse, since the likelihood of pregnancy is maximum.

Coitus interruptus is not a very reliable method of contraception, since it is based on the fact that a man, when approaching orgasm, must remove his penis from the vagina in order to prevent sperm from entering the woman's genital tract. This method requires intense attention from the man. Often men do not have time to pull out the penis, and ejaculation is carried out in the vagina. In addition, during sexual intercourse, small drops of sperm are released, which are quite enough for pregnancy to occur.

Methods of contraception for women are considered. The names of the most common contraceptives that are sold in pharmacies are presented.

Contraceptives are drugs that protect a woman from unwanted pregnancy. There are a lot of myths around hormonal pills. Many believe that their intake is accompanied by weight gain and the inability to become pregnant in the future. We will try to dispel or confirm dubious information regarding female contraceptives.

Why should women use contraceptives?

If you ask about the most popular contraceptive, most will answer that it is condoms. But this method is inconvenient and quite expensive if you have a permanent sexual partner whom you trust.

Accordingly, contraceptives are used by women to prevent pregnancy and to get more vivid sensations during sex. Oral contraceptives are used in medicinal purposes and allow you to get rid of skin problems and female ailments.

What are the types of contraceptives for women?

Types of female contraceptives:

• Spermicides- ointments or gels containing substances that slow down the movement of spermatozoa. These drugs thicken cervical mucus and prevent male cells get inside the uterus
• Spiral- a small piece of plastic or metal. Placed by a doctor inside the uterus
• Oral contraceptives- based tablets female hormones. They can block ovulation or thicken cervical mucus.
• Patch — hormonal contraceptive. Hormones enter the body through the skin
• vaginal ring- a silicone or plastic ring that contains a small dose of hormones. Set for 21 days. You can do it yourself without the help of a doctor
• natural way- calendar method. It is used based on the calculation of periods of pregnancy and fertility
• Coitus interruption method- before ejaculation, the partner removes the penis from the vagina

Barrier contraceptives for women. Pros and cons

Barrier contraception is a method of preventing pregnancy by using mechanical barriers that prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity. To barrier contraception include local chemicals that inhibit the activity of spermatozoa. Barrier contraceptives include: sponge, diaphragm, cap, female condom, candles, ointments, gels.

Advantages:

• Can be used immediately before sexual intercourse
• Protects against most sexually transmitted diseases (spermicides)
• High reliability
• Can be used by women who have given birth and have not given birth
• Low price
• Rapid recovery of reproductive function

Flaws:

• Less reliable than hormonal contraceptives
• Often cause allergies and itching
• Reduce sensitivity

Chemical contraceptives for women

This is a barrier contraception, based on reducing the activity of sperm with the help of chemical substances. Often cause allergies and burning. High degree of protection and low price. Below is a list of popular spermicides.

Non-hormonal contraceptives for women, list

These substances are means of barrier contraception. Their effectiveness is due to a decrease in sperm activity. Some of the drugs generally kill spermatozoa.

List of chemical non-hormonal contraceptives:

• Pharmatex- a drug produced in the form of candles, sponges, cream and gel. This is a common spermicide that contains benzalkonium chloride - an antiseptic. Accordingly, the drug can be used when having sex with casual partners. Period of action 3 hours after insertion into the vagina
• Benatex- issued in the form vaginal tablets and gel. Contains spermicide and antiseptic. There are no hormones in the preparation, so the substance does not affect the menstrual cycle
• Pantex Oval- spermicide based on nonoxynol. It has antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Inserted into the vagina 15 minutes before sexual intercourse
• Concepttrol- available in the form of suppositories and contains nonoxynol
• Gynecotex- spermicide based on benzalkonium chloride. This is a combined substance that kills viruses and bacteria, and also reduces motor activity spermatozoa

Local contraceptives for women

These are chemical and mechanical means, which either reduce the mobility of sperm, or simply prevent their penetration into the uterus.

Mechanical local contraceptives:

• female condom- analogue of the male, inserted into the vagina. One edge is fixed on the cervix, and the second will remain outside. Accordingly, it protects not only from pregnancy, but also from infection with diseases transmitted during sex.
• Diaphragm- This is a domed cap made of latex or rubber. It is worn on the cervix and simply prevents the penetration of sperm into the uterus. Can be used multiple times. The doctor selects this contraceptive, since the sizes of the diaphragm are different. After childbirth or due to weight gain, you need to purchase a larger diaphragm
• cervical cap- a product made of soft rubber. It is put on the cervix according to the suction cup principle. Negative pressure is created due to compression of the cap, and it is securely fixed. Low degree of protection due to the possibility of warping the cap during intercourse.

Hormonal contraceptives for women

• Preparations containing the hormones estrogen and progestin. They change composition and viscosity cervical mucus which makes it impossible for sperm to enter the vagina. Some combined contraceptives inhibit ovulation. Accordingly, the egg does not mature, so pregnancy is impossible
• Mechanical products with no great content progestins: plaster, injections and subcutaneous implants. The patch can be considered the most convenient - this is relatively new contraceptive. It contains ethinylestradiol and norelgestromin, synthetic analogues of female hormones. Hormones enter the blood through the skin. Every day stands out not a large number of hormones. The effect of the patch is based on a decrease in the thickness of the uterine mucosa, to which the embryo cannot attach. In addition, the patch inhibits the work of the ovaries and prevents the growth of the dominant follicle containing the egg.

Contraceptive injections for women. Pros and cons

In our country, this method of contraception is unpopular. This is due to the high price of the drug and the distrust of women. The injection is given once every 3 months intramuscularly. It is necessary that the injection was administered on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.

The essence of using the drug is that it contains progesterone, which thickens the uterine mucosa and thickens the cervical mucus.

In addition, ovulation is suppressed. Injections can be used by women who have given birth and who have not given birth. In the world, not a single case of infertility after drug withdrawal has been registered. Although the reproductive function is restored in 6-12 months.

Advantages:

• Efficiency is 99%
• No need to constantly calculate the days of the menstrual cycle
• Suitable for women who smoke
• It has medicinal properties and contributes to the disappearance of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia

Oral contraceptives for women, video

Oral contraceptives - everyone knows birth control pills with combined hormonal composition. On the video you can watch the speech of a gynecologist regarding COCs.

Video: Oral contraceptives

Contraception for women after childbirth

Please note that combined contraceptives during the period breastfeeding cannot be accepted. They affect the amount of breast milk.

• mini pili
• Hormonal injections
• Intrauterine device
• Remember, you can’t have sex for a month after giving birth, so after the discharge stops, you can resume sexual activity.
• If you have a permanent sexual partner, then it makes sense to put a spiral or take hormonal contraceptives based on progestogens. These are synthetic hormones similar in their action to progesterone. It does not suppress lactation, does not harm the health of the baby, since a very insignificant amount of the drug penetrates into the milk.
• Previously, it was believed that it was possible to protect yourself after the birth of a child. natural method. That is, because of the development of lactational amenorrhea, when there is no menstruation, it is safe to have sex. But now many doctors note the inefficiency of the method. Some women have spontaneous ovulation leading to an unplanned pregnancy

Contraceptives for nulliparous women

Many young girls are wary of taking hormonal oral contraceptives. they believe that they will gain a lot of weight and become unattractive. This is not true, since in most women there is no increase in body weight at all or there is a slight weight gain of 2-3 kg.

There are rumors of numerous cases of infertility after the abolition of COCs. This is also a myth, since reproductive function is restored after 3-8 months. Some girls managed to conceive a child in the first month after the abolition of contraceptives.

But if you still decide to take COCs, then seek help from a doctor, he will prescribe a drug with minimal doses of progestins and estrogens. Most often, young girls are prescribed Novinet, Jazz, Yarina.

They improve the condition of the skin, make menstruation less painful. COCs are not used for cystic changes in the ovaries and in endometriosis.

Ideal for nulliparous women who have a permanent sexual partner are the following ways:

• Barrier contraceptives
• condoms

An intrauterine device is not installed for nulliparous girls because of the possibility of development pain syndrome and uterine bleeding after the removal of the spiral.

Emergency contraception is used in such cases:

• Rape
• Missing COCs
• condom damage
• Sexual contact without protection

These are drugs that cause the endometrium to detach from the uterus. Thus, menstruation begins and the sperm is simply carried away from the uterus along with the blood. It is recommended to take no later than 24-72 hours after sexual contact. Here are the names of some emergency contraceptives: Postinor, Escapel, Mifegin, Miropriston.

The best contraceptives for women over 30. Video

• Usually, by the age of 30, a woman already has a child and a permanent sexual partner. In this case ideal option considered an intrauterine device
• Often prescribe a spiral containing progesterone. Such contraceptives are indicated for women with endometriosis and other estrogen-dependent diseases. Mirena is considered the most popular hormonal coil. Its cost is high, but its validity period is 3-5 years
• In women who have given birth after 30, medium-dose combined oral contraceptives are used. They contain more hormones, this is due to physiological characteristics body at this age. Among such drugs are Diana, Chloe, Dimulen

VIDEO: Contraceptives for women

Contraceptives for women over 45. Which ones to choose?

• At this age, many women have chronic ailments and excess weight. That is why classic COCs are not prescribed
• For such women, three-phase preparations have been developed, with a minimal androgenic effect. Often, before menopause, mini-pills are prescribed - progestin contraceptives. Since many women who have given birth have endometrial hyperplasia and endometriosis
• It is best to put after 45 years hormonal spiral Mirena. It will help not only not to become pregnant, but also to restore the mucous membrane of the uterus. Such a spiral reduces the risk of developing uterine cancer at times
• After the birth of a second or third child, a woman may be sterilized. This is a tubal ligation operation. Now such an operation is performed without the use of scalpels, by laparoscopy.

Contraceptives for lactating women. Features of the choice of contraceptives for breastfeeding women

• The ideal option is mini-pills or injections of Depo-Provera (progestins). They do not affect lactation, do not affect the health of the baby. But in most cases, women do not want to take any medication during lactation, so they use barrier methods of contraception.
• It is not worth using for contraception the absence of menstruation during lactation. This method only works if you have never missed a feeding, that is, the interval between feedings was no more than 3 hours.

Women's birth control pills. Which ones to choose?

• Low dose drugs. Assigned to nulliparous girls, they contain a minimum of hormones (Jazz, Novinet)
• medium dosage drugs prescribed for women over 30 years old (Diana)
• Progestin drugs should be taken in the presence of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia (Norkolut, Mini-pill)

Do not buy birth control pills on your own on the recommendation of a friend or pharmacist.

The doctor must assess your state of health and only then prescribe a specific drug. What suits your friend may not suit you. With endometrial hyperplasia and adenomyosis, drugs with a high content of estrogens should not be taken. From this, the mucosa thickens and the problem worsens.

Folk remedies for contraception. Recipes

• Douching with a slightly acidic solution. Usually a tablespoon is added to a glass of water. acetic acid or lemon juice
• calendar method. Periods of pregnancy are calculated before and after menstruation. 5 days before and after your period are considered safe.
• Rowan flower remedy. To prepare the substance, pour a tablespoon of flowers with 200 ml of boiling water. Insist an hour and strain. Take 100 ml before each meal.
• Coitus interruption method
• Douching with a weak solution of potassium permanganate

Traditional medicine offers many methods of emergency contraception that cause rejection gestational sac during pregnancy. Almost after using each of these funds, the woman is taken away by ambulance from uterine bleeding. The hospital is cleaning. Known cases lethal outcome due to blood poisoning due to rotting of the fetus inside the uterus.

The value of contraceptives in maintaining women's reproductive health

Combined oral contraceptives for correct application and the appointment of a doctor prolong the youth of a woman. Oddly enough, after stopping the drugs, even women aged 45-55 can become pregnant. This is due to the fact that at birth, every girl in the ovaries contains the rudiments of future dominant follicles.

When taking COCs, there is no ovulation, which means that this potential dominant follicle is stored until the next time. In medicine, this phenomenon is called Anti-Müllerian hormone. With a high content of it, a woman can become pregnant. With a very low concentration of this hormone, a woman will not be able to get pregnant even with IVF, as the supply of eggs has been exhausted.

The effect of contraceptives on a woman's body

If you take the drugs correctly and as prescribed by the doctor, then the effect of the drugs will be positive. Many of the COCs are designed to treat ailments of the reproductive function of women. Try to change the contraceptive once a year, as the body often gets used to it and spontaneous pregnancy may occur.

How to protect yourself without pills and spirals?

Despite their inefficiency, the following methods are still popular:

• Calendar
• Coitus interruption method
• Douching with potassium permanganate or a solution of vinegar after sex
• To be sure, use barrier methods of contraception
• It's easiest to use a condom
• With a regular sexual partner, you can use spermicidal gels and suppositories

About hormonal contraceptives, you can find a lot of positive and negative feedback. In most cases, negative experiences are associated with the use of a drug that was not prescribed by a doctor, but was recommended by a friend or pharmacist.

• Often, after miscarriages, low-dose COCs are prescribed to restore the menstrual cycle. After their cancellation, many women managed to get pregnant.
• In young girls who have not given birth, the condition of the skin improves, disappears acne and menstruation becomes less painful
• In general, taking hormonal contraceptives has a positive effect on a woman's health. It's much safer than recovering from an abortion or miscarriage.

The final decision on the use of contraceptives is made by the woman. Remember, no persuasion of a partner and the pleasure of sexual intercourse without a condom and contraceptives are not worth your health. Therefore, always protect yourself and consult with good gynecologists. Health to you.

VIDEO: Consequences of hormone therapy

Appeared relatively recently on the domestic pharmacy market, chemical contraceptives are a unique combination of contraceptive, antimicrobial and antiviral agents. These drugs are an antiseptic that equally kills spermatozoa, and almost all bacterial and viral pathogens, including even AIDS and hepatitis viruses.

Chemical contraceptive preparations

They are convenient and easy to use, but unfortunately they do not have a sufficiently reliable contraceptive effect. With regular sexual activity, it is necessary to combine the use of chemical contraceptives with condoms. Such a "duet" perfectly compensates for the shortcomings of both methods of contraception and reliably protects against pregnancy and genital infections.

But it's important to remember correct use of these drugs: they are all acids, and when in contact with alkaline environment(for example, soap) lose activity. Therefore, if you use one of the chemical contraceptives, then soap should not be used for genital hygiene before and after intercourse. Better to just rinse with warm water.

ATTENTION!!!
Funds validity period chemical contraception, indicated on the packaging, and in advertising is somewhat overestimated (4-10 hours). The real effect of these drugs is limited to 35-40 minutes. That is, with repeated sexual intercourse, it is required to introduce a new candle or apply a new portion of the cream. This has nothing to do with tampons, since their activity lasts for 12-16 hours.

Chemical contraception is suitable for women after childbirth (during lactation), as well as for women with contraindications to other methods. I would recommend its use to couples who rarely live sexually. Still, the reliability of this method is not high enough, so it is not suitable for long-term, systematic use.

ATTENTION!!!
With frequent use of chemical contraceptives, the natural microflora of the vagina changes. Under the influence of an antiseptic, beneficial bacteria die along with sperm, which can lead to vaginal dysbacteriosis or other disorders. Therefore, this method cannot be used for regular contraception.

But for casual sex (in combination with a condom), this is the most ideal option - reliable protection against infections and protection from pregnancy. The preparations have the effect of artificial lubrication, have no taste and smell, and are easy to use.

Modern means of contraception: barrier, chemical, biological, hormonal, intrauterine contraception, surgical - there are a lot of them, but often a woman cannot decide what to choose. And in the end, unexpectedly, she becomes pregnant. We will briefly describe the different contraceptives for women, their advantages and disadvantages.

Intrauterine systems

These are those that are installed in the uterine cavity for a long time. Usually recommended exclusively for women who have given birth due to possible side effects. But we'll start with the benefits.

1. You can not worry about unwanted pregnancy for several years, it has a positive effect on sexual relations.

2. High reliability. Slightly less than 100%.

3. Availability. The most inexpensive intrauterine device costs about 200-300 rubles. Purchased once.

And these are shortcomings.

1. Unpleasant sensations when installing. Some women require local anesthesia.

2. The possibility of falling out and displacement of the spiral, which provokes a decrease or termination of its contraceptive action.

3. Inflammatory diseases. The installation of the system can provoke the penetration of pathogens into the uterine cavity, which sometimes causes endometritis, the occurrence of adhesions in the intestines, fallopian tubes. Accordingly, the risk of infertility in the future increases. Therefore, spirals are usually recommended for women who have given birth.

4. Probability of occurrence ectopic pregnancy. A fertilized egg cannot be fixed in the uterine cavity due to the spiral and can return back to the fallopian tube and implant there.

5. Increasing Probability heavy menstruation. Therefore, non-hormonal intrauterine systems it is not advised to put women who have severe cyclic and acyclic uterine bleeding.

condoms

Barrier contraceptives have a number of advantages and can be used without consulting a doctor. Always welcome.

1. Reliability. Almost 100% protection not only from unwanted pregnancy, but also from sexually transmitted infections.

2. Ease of use and availability. Can be purchased at any pharmacy, supermarket. The abundance of models allows any couple to choose the right contraceptive for themselves.

3. Absence of contraindications. Only sometimes they appear allergic reactions. More often than not, it's the lubricant, dye, or flavor that's coated on the condom. In this case, you need to try another, ordinary, without "bells and whistles".

But there are downsides too. They are usually especially frightening for couples who have previously used other types of contraception.

1. Negative influence erection, sensitivity. Usually in this case, a condom with ultra-thin walls helps.

2. Falling off the condom during intercourse. Again, due to poor erection. It happens when a condom is put on with insufficient sexual arousal.

3. Damage to the condom. Often happens if you try to apply on it various substances in the form of a lubricant that is not intended for this. But damage can also be the result of a defective product. If the condom breaks, emergency contraception is used to prevent pregnancy.

Incidentally, as emergency contraception can be used intrauterine device. It should be installed a maximum of 5 days after unprotected intercourse. Naturally, this method is suitable for those women who already thought about installing an intrauterine system.

Spermicides

They have no contraindications and can be used, if necessary, by women who are breastfeeding. The chemical method of contraception also has pros and cons.

Some benefits.

1. Availability. 10 vaginal tablets (or suppositories), for 10 sexual acts, cost about 300 rubles. Sold in all pharmacies.

2. They do not affect the body, like hormonal contraceptives, that is, they have only a local effect.

3. Have some antimicrobial and antibacterial action.

4. Have no contraindications and can be used in cases where no other contraception is suitable.

And these are the cons.

1. Often cause irritation of the vaginal mucosa and glans penis.

2. With regular use, 2-3 times a week or more, the vaginal microflora is disturbed.

3. Efficiency is significantly lower than stated if sexual intercourse is started earlier than the time specified in the instructions. After the introduction of the drug into the vagina, you need to wait a bit for it to start working.

Hormonal remedies

They are considered one of the most reliable and convenient, but at the same time having many contraindications and side effects. We will talk about oral contraceptives. First about the good.

1. When correct reception birth control pills are almost 100% effective.

2. Make the menstrual cycle regular.

3. It is possible sometimes to postpone menstruation, to delay its onset, if necessary. To do this, a break that is taken in taking pills for 7 days every month is transferred.

4. Render positive influence on the endometrium. Also, hormonal contraception is the prevention of the formation of certain types of ovarian cysts.

5. Can be taken indefinitely, with interruptions only for pregnancy. Reception ends with the onset of menopause.

And cons.

1. Sometimes they provoke the development of varicose veins.

2. Should be taken without gaps, and preferably at the same time, so that the effectiveness does not decrease.

3. In parallel with oral contraceptives, you can not take some medicines, for example, antibiotics, as protection against pregnancy is reduced because of this.

4. Diarrhea and diarrhea are also undesirable effects, especially in the first three hours of taking the pill.

5. Occasional reception hormonal contraception causes weight gain.

6. Spotting discharge outside of menstruation. A common side effect in the first three cycles of taking the drug. If they persist longer, you need to think about taking a drug with a higher dosage of the hormone estrogen.

7. Decreased libido, vaginal dryness. We'll fix it. A longer foreplay and the use of water-based lubricants will decide this problem. In some cases, women switch to triphasic drugs or no estrogen at all. It can also help in the return of sexual desire.

And that's not all. Full list side effects can be found in the instructions for the drug. But, of course, it is not at all a fact that any of them will affect you or be pronounced.

Ineffective and unreliable methods of contraception

Sex to conceive children is a much rarer thing than intercourse for pleasure. That is why not every sexual intercourse should end in pregnancy. It's always been that way, but modern facilities contraception appeared relatively recently. That is why in ancient times people tried with all their might to come up with at least some reliable way fight against unwanted conception.

Undoubtedly, some folk remedies contraception worked, but most of them were real obscurantism. Unfortunately, despite modern development contraception, some people still try to use the old methods. And this is bad, because an unplanned pregnancy is a big stress for both partners, and let alone the dangers of abortion for women's health and there is nothing to say. We discussed reliable contraception, and now let's talk about the most stupid methods of folk contraception, in order to completely get rid of stupid delusions and not use them as a means of contraception after childbirth and in other situations.

1. Sex while standing. There is a myth that standing sex does not allow the male seed to reach the egg, as it simply spills out of the vagina. In fact, this is not at all the case. Spermatozoa are quite able to achieve their goal. Thus, trying to protect yourself from an unplanned pregnancy due to a standing position, and any other one too, is impossible.

2. Coitus interruptus. The most popular method of folk contraception is interrupted intercourse. However, popularity is not the key to success. The fact is that during arousal, a certain amount of lubricant containing sperm can be released from the male genital organ. Therefore, conception can occur even at the very beginning of intercourse.

3. Lemon. There is such a very unusual recipe chemical contraceptive. A slice of lemon is inserted into the vagina and remains there until the very end of sexual intercourse. It is believed that lemon juice will easily kill all spermatozoa and conception will not occur. There is still some truth in this myth: lemon acid capable of destroying spermatozoa. But first, not all. And secondly, the impact lemon juice can cause severe burns of the vaginal mucosa, head of the penis, etc.

4. Free week or calendar method of contraception. It is believed that after menstruation, a girl has from three days to a week during which she can make love without fear of pregnancy. Purely theoretically, the way it is, because ovulation usually occurs no earlier than the 12th day of the cycle. In practice, things are not so clear cut. Indeed, in so many women, the menstrual cycle does not follow a clear schedule, and in such cases, this method of contraception is completely pointless.

Sexual intercourse during menstruation is more reliable in this regard, but only if the woman's bleeding is not prolonged. After all, it happens that menstruation continues for 7-8 days. Well, spermatozoa can safely be in active state in the female genital tract for 3 days. That is, if ovulation occurs on day 11, then the egg may well meet a sperm cell on its way.

But after ovulation, already after 3 days (the egg lives a maximum of 2 days), really “barren days” begin, this convenient period lasts until menstruation, on average 7-10 days. That's just not every woman can accurately determine the day of ovulation.

5. Urination after intercourse. This method is suitable more for men, moreover, in order to "expel" the infection from urethra, which he could receive as a result of sexual intercourse. How is the female urethra connected to the vagina? Science does not know this. The method is absolutely hopeless.

6. Vaginal douching. Often, women choose antiseptics for these purposes, such as chlorhexidine or miramistin. But it's useless. These substances can only protect against infections, and even then not always. Well, they are not terrible for spermatozoa. Within 1-2 minutes after sexual intercourse, many hustlers will enter cervical canal. And you can't get them from there.
Well, the most unpleasant thing is that douching violates the microflora of the vagina and leads to the reproduction of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms i.e. inflammation.

Nevertheless, many women continue to argue that medically approved methods of protection against unwanted pregnancy are by no means 100% effective. Remains only surgical contraception- tubal ligation, which can be done in some cases. However, doctors consider this approach to be wrong, folk contraception in any case, it loses to the officially recognized one in terms of effectiveness. And yet - often seriously injurious to health. Is it worth the risk?

Contraceptives

Contraceptives are traditionally divided into mechanical, biological and chemical. Miscellaneous naturally have varying degrees efficiency. Virtually none of the methods of preventing pregnancy (except for sexual abstinence) can not give a 100% guarantee. Quite often, in order to achieve greater safety and reliability, various contraceptives are combined. However, it is best to choose a contraceptive, after consulting with a gynecologist.

In this article, we will talk in detail about the most popular types of contraception.

CONDOMS

SPIRAL

CONTRACEPTIVE PATCH

VAGINA RING

LONG-LASTING INJECTIONS

NORPLANT

MALE AND FEMALE STERILIZATION

DIAPHRAGM

BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION

MINI-PILI TABLETS

CALENDAR METHOD

Example:
Most short cycle lasts 28 days, and the longest is 30 days.
The beginning of the fertile phase is 28-18 = 10th day of the cycle.
End - 30-11 = 19th day of the cycle.

That is, from the 10th to the 19th day of the cycle, fertilization can occur, which means that these days you need to use barrier contraceptive methods or refrain from sex altogether. The disadvantages of this method include, first of all, its unreliability, since initially it assumes a regular, constant menstrual cycle, which, unfortunately, no woman has.

TEMPERATURE METHOD

During the first half of the cycle, the basal body temperature is usually below 37°C. 12-24 hours before ovulation, body temperature drops by 0.1-0.2°C, and after ovulation it rises by 0.2-0.5°C (usually up to 37°C or higher). And this temperature is kept at this level throughout the second half of the cycle until the onset of menstruation. The fertile period begins six days before the preovulatory recession and lasts three more days after it ( total duration fertile phase - 9 days).

The advantages of the temperature method of contraception include: ease of use; absence of any side effects; most precise definition days of probable conception when planning a pregnancy.
To the disadvantages: high risk unwanted pregnancy (because a very large number of factors affect the level of basal temperature); the need for daily measurement of basal temperature.

COMMISSIONING

EMERGENCY (aka postcoital, fire) CONTRACEPTION combines methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy, which are used after unprotected intercourse has taken place. Most emergency contraceptives can be purchased from pharmacies without a prescription and self-administered, but we strongly recommend that you consult a doctor so that he selects the most appropriate method of emergency contraception for you, checks for contraindications to the chosen method and selects the appropriate dosage.

TYPES OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION:

2) Hormonal contraceptives
The first way to use hormonal contraception is simultaneous reception several types of COC tablets (combined oral contraceptives). The number of tablets required for taking is based on the dosage of the hormone level in the preparations: Miniziston, Rigevidon, Femoden, Marvelon, Microgynon, Regulon - two times four tablets (the interval between taking is 12 hours), Logest, Mercilon, Novinet - two times five tablets. This method is called the Yuzpe method and it is effective for three days after unprotected intercourse. The efficiency of this method is not very high - 75-85%.

The main advantage of this method is its availability, since all drugs are sold in any pharmacy without prescriptions. Side effects after application - nausea, pain in the mammary glands, vomiting, dizziness, headache.

An alternative to COCs is preparations that contain only progestins and do not contain estrogens. The most effective drugs of this type are Escapel and Postinor. Escapelle contains 1.5 mg of the hormone and is used once. Postinor also contains 0.75 mg of levonorgestrel and it must be applied twice with an interval of 12 hours. Minor side effects that may be caused hormonal methods emergency contraception, usually within two days pass.

It must be remembered that after using methods of emergency hormonal contraception, it is necessary to without fail use additional methods of contraception until the next menstrual cycle: spermicides, condoms, etc.

3) Non-hormonal emergency contraception
Mifepristone (Ginepristone) is one of the most effective drugs emergency protection. Single dose small dose this drug in for three days after the unprotected incident happened intercourse causes a slowdown in ovulation (this process depends on the phases of the menstrual cycle), a change in the endometrium, and also prevents the attachment of a fertilized egg.

This drug has less pronounced side effects - for example, the frequency of bleeding is only 15%, compared with 31% when taking levonorgestrel. The effectiveness of this method of emergency contraception is 98.8%. The advantages of this method include the fact that it can be used for a longer period compared to other means of emergency contraception, as well as the fact that after its administration there are practically no hormonally dependent side effects.

4) Intrauterine devices
Another way to prevent an unplanned pregnancy is to use an intrauterine device (IUD). To achieve the desired effect, copper-containing IUDs are inserted within five days after unprotected intercourse.

Emergency contraception is an alternative to abortion, but it is strongly discouraged from being used as permanent contraception, but only in "emergency" situations (maximum once every six months). Since frequent use emergency methods contraception can lead to a violation of the reproductive functions of women.