Psychiatric care in stationary conditions of the general type. Types of inpatient compulsory treatment and indications for their use. What is a general psychiatric hospital

1. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting may be prescribed if there are grounds provided for in Article 97 of this Code, if the nature of a person’s mental disorder requires such conditions of treatment, care, maintenance and supervision that can be carried out only in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient settings.

2. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a general type, may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, needs treatment and observation in an inpatient setting, but does not require intensive observation.

3. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type, may be prescribed to a person who, due to his mental state, requires constant monitoring.

4. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type with intensive supervision, may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a particular danger to himself or others and requires constant and intensive supervision.

Comments to Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

1. The commented article fixes the grounds for hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital. A person suffering from a mental disorder may be referred to such a hospital if his treatment is possible only in hospital conditions, and the mental disorder is severe and causes: a) his immediate danger to himself or others; b) his helplessness, i.e. inability to independently meet the basic needs of life; c) significant harm to his health (due to the deterioration of his mental state), if the person is left without psychiatric assistance.

2. Compulsory treatment in a general psychiatric hospital is assigned to a person who, due to the nature of the disease, does not need intensive monitoring. As a rule, such patients do not show a tendency to violate the hospital regimen and have a favorable prognosis in relation to the therapeutic treatment of their disease.

Psychiatric hospitals of a general type include departments of psychiatric hospitals or other similar institutions (dispensaries, clinics, institutes, centers). Compulsory treatment is not among the main functions of these medical institutions.

Inpatient psychiatric care in general institutions is carried out under the least restrictive conditions that ensure the safety of the hospitalized person and other persons, while the medical personnel respect their rights and legitimate interests (Article 37 of the Law "On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of the Rights of Citizens in its Provision").

At the same time, patients are subject to certain restrictions: there is no free exit from the department, walks are carried out only on the territory of the hospital, and medical holidays are not provided.

3. Patients who, due to their condition, need constant intensive monitoring, are sent to psychiatric hospitals of a specialized type. Such patients tend to violate the hospital regimen, are characterized by persistent or frequently recurring painful conditions, aggressive behavior, delusional states, are prone to affective outbursts and the repetition of socially dangerous acts.

In psychiatric hospitals of a specialized type, measures of physical restraint and isolation are allowed. However, these measures are applied only in those cases, forms and for a period of time when, in the opinion of a psychiatrist, it is impossible to prevent the actions of a hospitalized person that pose an immediate danger to him or other persons by other methods, and are carried out under constant supervision of medical personnel.

At the same time, these hospitals are characterized by the use of general security measures (the presence of a burglar alarm, control over transmissions, isolated walking areas).

4. Hospitals of a specialized type with intensive supervision are independent medical institutions of federal subordination that serve the territories of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Under these institutions, there are security units that are equipped with special means of control and signaling, carry out external security of the institution, monitor the behavior of patients inside the departments, during walks and rehabilitation activities.

5. When appointing this compulsory measure of a medical nature, the court does not establish the terms of detention in a psychiatric hospital. These terms depend on the mental state of the patient, methods of treatment, their duration. The specific institution where treatment should be carried out is determined by the health authorities.

Full text of Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with comments. New current edition with additions for 2020. Legal advice on Article 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Article 101
1. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting may be prescribed if there are grounds provided for in Article 97 of this Code, if the nature of a person’s mental disorder requires such conditions of treatment, care, maintenance and supervision that can be carried out only in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient settings.
2. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a general type, may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, needs treatment and observation in an inpatient setting, but does not require intensive observation.

3. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type, may be prescribed to a person who, due to his mental state, requires constant monitoring.

4. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type with intensive supervision, may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a particular danger to himself or others and requires constant and intensive supervision.

(Part as amended by Federal Law No. 317-FZ of November 25, 2013. - See previous edition)

Commentary on Article 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

1. The commented article provides that a person suffering from a mental disorder may be prescribed compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital as a PMMC. The only criterion is the nature of the mental disorder, which excludes outpatient treatment and supervision, a psychiatrist.

Psychiatric hospitals are specialized medical institutions (or psychiatric departments of state medical institutions) intended for round-the-clock maintenance of patients. In institutions of this kind, the treatment and rehabilitation of mentally ill persons is carried out.

2. The commented article provides for three types of regime of detention in a psychiatric hospital. A general psychiatric hospital treats persons who, due to their mental state, need inpatient treatment and observation, but do not require intensive observation. The condition of the patient in this case allows for the possibility of keeping him without special security measures, in the conditions of a free stationary regime, inherent in modern psychiatric medical institutions. The considered type of compulsory treatment is recommended to be applied to patients who have committed a socially dangerous act and (or) are in a psychotic state at the time of the decision, in the absence of pronounced tendencies to gross violations of the hospital regime, but with the continuing likelihood of psychosis recurrence. Patients with dementia, states of a mental defect of various etiologies and other mental disorders who have committed acts provoked by adverse external factors in the absence of a pronounced tendency to repeat them and gross violations of the hospital regime may also be sent to a general psychiatric hospital.

A psychiatric hospital of a specialized type is intended for persons who, due to their mental state, require constant monitoring. The latter is determined by two factors: the social danger of the patient and his tendency to commit repeated and systematic socially dangerous acts. Psychiatrists include persons suffering from chronic diseases or dementia, who show a tendency to repeated socially dangerous actions that are not of an aggressive nature, or temporary mental disorders that have developed after the commission of a socially dangerous act, who are sent for compulsory treatment until they exit from the specified disease state, if they commit new socially dangerous actions, etc.

Constant surveillance, which is referred to in the law, is provided by medical personnel, as well as by the hospital security organization (outdoor security, burglar alarms, isolated places for walking, access control, control over transfers, etc.).

Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a specialized type with intensive supervision may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a particular danger to himself and to others and requires constant and intensive supervision. A patient suffering from a severe mental disorder, who has committed a socially dangerous act classified by criminal law as grave or especially grave, as well as a person who systematically commits socially dangerous acts, despite medical measures applied to him in the past, is recognized as especially dangerous. These patients are characterized by persistent or often recurrent morbid conditions, aggressive behavior, delusions of persecution, a tendency to angry and affective outbursts, and to re-commit a socially dangerous act.

3. In order to prevent social maladaptation of the mentally ill, compulsory treatment in hospitals of a general type and in specialized hospitals, as a rule, is carried out at the place of residence of patients or their relatives. With regard to specialized hospitals with intensive supervision, this pattern is not always observed; patients of such medical institutions are on compulsory treatment at a considerable distance from home.

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1. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting may be prescribed if there are grounds provided for in Article 97 of this Code, if the nature of a person’s mental disorder requires such conditions of treatment, care, maintenance and supervision that can be carried out only in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient settings.

2. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a general type, may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, needs treatment and observation in an inpatient setting, but does not require intensive observation.

3. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type, may be prescribed to a person who, due to his mental state, requires constant monitoring.

4. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type with intensive supervision, may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a particular danger to himself or others and requires constant and intensive supervision.

Commentary on Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

1. Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital may be applied if the nature of the mental disorder of a person requires such treatment, care, maintenance and supervision, which can only be carried out in hospital conditions. The need for inpatient psychiatric treatment arises when the nature and severity of the mental disorder are combined with the danger of the mentally ill to himself or others, or the possibility of causing them other significant harm, and exclude outpatient monitoring and treatment by a psychiatrist.

2. The nature of the mental disorder and the need for inpatient compulsory treatment must be established by the court on the basis of the opinion of expert psychiatrists, which indicates which type of IMCM is recommended and why for this person. When choosing a coercive measure recommended by the court, expert psychiatric commissions are based on the general principle of the necessity and sufficiency of this measure to prevent new socially dangerous acts on the part of a mentally ill person, as well as to carry out the necessary treatment and rehabilitation measures for him. Based on the assessment of the mental state of the person, the nature of his mental disorder and the act committed by him, and taking into account the conclusion of the forensic psychiatric examination, the court decides on the appointment of a specific IMMC and, when choosing inpatient compulsory treatment, indicates which type of hospital this person should be sent to. The current criminal law establishes three types of compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital. Psychiatric hospitals for involuntary treatment can be of general type, specialized type and specialized type with intensive supervision.

3. Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a general type does not actually differ in regime from that in which persons suffering from mental disorders who have not committed socially dangerous acts are treated. It can be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, needs hospital treatment and observation, but does not require intensive observation and, as a rule, is organized in departments of ordinary psychiatric hospitals. The need for compulsory treatment here is due to the fact that the likelihood of him committing a second socially dangerous act remains, or the patient does not have a critical attitude towards his condition. Hospitalization thus serves to consolidate the results of treatment and helps to monitor the sustainability of the improvement in the mental state of the patient. As a rule, this measure should be prescribed to patients who have committed socially dangerous acts in a state of insanity in the absence of pronounced tendencies to gross violations of the regime, but with the likelihood of a recurrence of psychosis or with an insufficient critical assessment of their condition, as well as patients with dementia and mental defects of various origins who have committed acts provoked by external adverse circumstances.

4. Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a specialized type may be prescribed to a person who, due to his mental state, requires constant monitoring. The specialization of a psychiatric hospital means that the medical institution has a special regime for keeping patients, including taking measures to prevent repeated socially dangerous acts and escapes, as well as specialized rehabilitation and preventive and correctional and educational programs. The specialized nature of a psychiatric hospital excludes the possibility of admission to it and keeping in it other patients who are not sent for compulsory treatment. Patients who have committed socially dangerous acts and pose a significant danger due to their tendency to repeat such acts are admitted to such hospitals. Most of the patients in such hospitals suffer from psychopathic disorders, various mental defects and personality changes.

5. Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a specialized type with intensive supervision may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a special danger to himself or others. Such a danger is posed by patients with psychotic conditions and productive symptoms, for example, schizophrenia and other psychoses with ideas of persecution, imperative hallucinations, as well as patients prone to systematic repeated socially dangerous acts and gross violations of the hospital regime, attacks on staff, escapes. As a rule, this type of inpatient compulsory treatment is assigned to those who have committed especially grave acts against a person, with a real possibility of their repetition, due to the clinical manifestations of a mental disorder and personality characteristics. The nature of the mental disorders of such patients, the characteristics of their personality, in particular the tendency to persistent asocial manifestations, exclude the possibility of their being in a general hospital or in a specialized hospital. Such patients require constant and intensive monitoring and special security measures. That is why in such hospitals there are enhanced security and supervision.

6. In order to prevent social maladaptation of the mentally ill, compulsory treatment in hospitals of a general type and in specialized hospitals, as a rule, is carried out at the place of residence of patients or their relatives. As for specialized hospitals with intensive supervision, the peculiarities of these institutions and the requirements for the regime of keeping patients do not allow organizing compulsory treatment in accordance with the above principle, and often patients in such medical institutions are on compulsory treatment at a considerable distance from home.

Such patients require constant and intensive monitoring and special security measures. That is why in such hospitals there is protection and supervision, which are carried out according to the established practice of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 8. In order to prevent social maladaptation of mental patients, compulsory treatment in general hospitals and specialized hospitals should be carried out at the place of residence of patients or their relatives. As for specialized hospitals with intensive supervision, the peculiarities of these institutions and the requirements for the regime of keeping patients do not allow organizing compulsory treatment in accordance with the above principle, and often patients in such medical institutions are on compulsory treatment at a considerable distance from home. 9.

Forced treatment in a psychiatric hospital

The negative saturation of life with meaning correlates with the autopsychic form of self-stigmatization, in which the patient justifies all his failures with illness and reduces the demand on himself. Further, we quite expectedly found that satisfaction from working with a psychologist or psychotherapist, especially group satisfaction, is positively correlated with the indicator of satisfaction from social support.

But, unfortunately, such components of compliance factors as satisfaction with therapy, psychotherapy, psychocorrection did not show any more specific or unexpected relationships. Thus, this issue requires further study.
Only 7 people managed to trace the dynamics of the results obtained by the above methods in patients who completed the entire basic course of group psychological work from psychoeducation to anger management training.

Russian criminal law

Attention

Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital may be prescribed to a person if there is a basis for the use of coercive medical measures, if the person’s mental disorder requires such conditions of treatment, care, maintenance and observation that can only be carried out in a psychiatric hospital (part 1 of article 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) . For the appointment of compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital, in addition to the grounds provided for in Art.

Info

of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the court must establish that the person in question needs inpatient psychiatric treatment. This means that the nature of a person’s mental disorder, in particular, the behavioral disorders caused by this disorder, as well as the unfavorable course of this disorder, does not allow for the treatment of this person, care for him, his maintenance and observation in conditions other than inpatients.

Unit for compulsory treatment in a general psychiatric hospital

Important

Naturally, they are confident in their adequacy and voluntarily refuse to be treated. Life with a dependent person brings a lot of problems, quarrels, material troubles.

How to send for treatment First of all, the psychiatrist must determine whether there are mental disorders or not. In addition, it must be established whether their actions can carry a danger to other people.

The placement of a person who has committed an unlawful act in a psychiatric hospital depends on the severity of the mental disorder ascertained by the medical examination. Depending on the severity of a person's mental state, the law distinguishes between three types of psychiatric hospitals: a general type hospital, a specialized type, and a specialized type with intensive supervision.

Types of psychiatric hospitals differ from each other mainly in the mode of detention, but not in the methods of treatment. Persons who have committed socially dangerous acts, as a rule, not related to an encroachment on the lives of citizens, and due to their mental state do not require intensive monitoring, but at the same time need hospital maintenance and treatment, are placed in a general psychiatric hospital.

Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a general type, can be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, needs treatment and observation in an inpatient setting, but does not require intensive observation. 3. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type, may be prescribed to a person who, due to his mental state, requires constant monitoring. 4. Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type with intensive supervision, may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a particular danger to himself or others and requires constant and intensive supervision.< 1.

Compulsory treatment in a hospital of a general type and a specialized type

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1.
The specialization of a psychiatric hospital means that the medical institution has a special regime for keeping patients, including taking measures to prevent repeated socially dangerous acts and escapes, as well as specialized rehabilitation, preventive and correctional and educational programs, oriented in accordance with the characteristics of patients entering there. The specialized nature of a psychiatric hospital excludes the possibility of admission to it and keeping in it other patients who are not sent for compulsory treatment. At the same time, compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a general type does not actually differ in regime from that in which mentally ill people who have not committed socially dangerous acts are treated.
To determine the mental state of a person, you need to seek clarification from the local doctor. He will write a referral to a psychiatrist. If the patient cannot go to him, then he is obliged to come to the house himself. If deviations are found, the doctor writes out a document that allows you to send a person for compulsory treatment involuntarily. If the condition worsens, you should call an ambulance.

They need to show a certificate from a psychiatrist. After that, the staff must take the patient to a mental hospital for further treatment. Relatives have 48 hours from the moment a mentally ill person is placed in a general hospital to file a claim for referral to compulsory treatment.

Such cases are considered in the order of special proceedings. The application is written in any form in compliance with the requirements of Art.

302, 303 Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation.

The timing of the application of measures of physical restraint and isolation is determined by the psychiatrist independently, depending on the prognosis of the patient's behavior and the relief of the aggressive state. When applying these measures, the patient is subject to special control in the form of a duty nurse-specialist, ready to provide the necessary assistance if necessary.

The forms and time of application of measures of restraint or isolation are recorded in the medical records. Local self-government bodies exercise control over the activities of institutions and persons providing psychiatric care.

Supervision over compliance with the law in the provision of psychiatric care, in particular, over the observance of the rights of patients, is carried out by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and prosecutors subordinate to him. In addition, a service for protecting the rights of patients, independent of the health authorities, is being created in psychiatric hospitals.

Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting may be prescribed if there are grounds provided for in Article 97 of this Code, if the nature of the mental disorder of a person requires such conditions of treatment, care, maintenance and supervision that can only be carried out in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting.

Part 2 Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a general type, can be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, needs treatment and observation in an inpatient setting, but does not require intensive observation.

Part 3 Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type, can be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, requires constant monitoring.

Ch. 4 Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type with intensive supervision, may be prescribed to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a particular danger to himself or others and requires constant and intensive supervision.

Commentary on Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Commentary edited by Esakov G.A.

1. The basis for the involuntary hospitalization of a person in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in a hospital is the presence of a severe mental disorder in the patient, which causes: a) his immediate danger to himself or others, or b) his helplessness, i.e. inability to independently meet the basic needs of life, or c) significant harm to his health due to the deterioration of his mental state, if the person is left without psychiatric care.

2. The law specifies three types of stationary conditions: general type, specialized type and specialized type with intensive supervision. The species differ in the criteria for ensuring the safety of persons being treated there, the regime of their maintenance, and the degree of intensity of observation of these persons.

Commentary on Article 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Commentary edited by Rarog A.I.

1. In a psychiatric hospital of a general type, treatment is provided to persons who, due to their mental state, need inpatient treatment and observation, but do not require intensive observation. The condition of the patient in this case allows for the possibility of keeping him without special security measures, in the conditions of a free stationary regime, inherent in modern psychiatric medical institutions.

2. A psychiatric hospital of a specialized type is intended for persons who, due to their mental state, require constant monitoring. The need for such observation is determined by two factors: the patient's social danger and his tendency to commit repeated and systematic socially dangerous acts. Constant surveillance, which is referred to in the law, is provided by medical personnel, as well as by the external security organization of the hospital.

3. Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a specialized type with intensive supervision may be assigned to a person who, due to his mental state, poses a special danger to himself and to other persons and requires constant and intensive supervision. A patient suffering from a severe mental disorder, who has committed socially dangerous acts classified by the Criminal Code as grave or especially grave, as well as a person who systematically commits socially dangerous acts, despite medical measures applied to him in the past, is recognized as especially dangerous. These patients are characterized by persistent or often recurrent morbid conditions, aggressive behavior, delusions of persecution, a tendency to angry and affective outbursts, and to re-commit a socially dangerous act. Therefore, in hospitals with intensive supervision, special attention is paid to creating safe conditions for the maintenance of patients.

When prescribing compulsory treatment, the court does not set its terms, since it depends on many circumstances (the severity and degree of the disease, its course, methods of treatment, etc.) and must continue until the patient ceases to pose a danger to others. The court indicates only the type of coercive measure. Determination of the locality and the specific psychiatric hospital where treatment should be carried out is within the competence of the health authorities.

Commentary on Article 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Commentary edited by A.V. Diamond

With regard to compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting (hereinafter, the word “hospital” may be used), the general grounds, as before, are defined in Art. 97 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Part 1 of this article defines the conditions for placement in a medical organization that provides psychiatric care in an inpatient setting, regardless of its type. Therefore, it can be said that for all the organizations under consideration, the general condition is that a person has a mental disorder of a nature that requires the presence of such conditions for treatment, care, maintenance and observation that can only be carried out in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting.

In a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, persons who pose an increased public danger, who, due to the nature and severity of their illness, are capable of causing serious harm to themselves or others, are subject to placement. In other words, persons who are more dangerous than persons undergoing compulsory observation and treatment on an outpatient basis are subject to placement in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, although the criteria for separating persons suffering from mental disorders are the same: the severity of the disease, its nature , the degree of possible aggression, the level of probability of committing an antisocial act - it is with these indicators in mind that the question of the type of compulsory medical measure is ultimately decided.

The general indicators of involuntary placement in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions before a judge’s decision, if the person’s examination or treatment is possible only in inpatient conditions, and the mental disorder is severe, are the following circumstances:

a) an imminent danger of the person to himself or others, or

b) helplessness of the person, i.e. his inability to independently meet the basic needs of life, or

c) the possibility of significant harm to the health of a person due to the deterioration of his mental state, if the person is left without psychiatric care.

Inpatient psychiatric care is provided in the least restrictive conditions that ensure the safety of the hospitalized person and other persons, while respecting the rights and legitimate interests of the hospitalized person by medical personnel.

Measures of physical restraint and isolation during involuntary hospitalization and stay in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions are applied only in those cases, forms and for that period of time when, in the opinion of a psychiatrist, it is impossible to prevent the actions of a hospitalized person by other methods, representing an immediate danger to him or other persons, and are carried out under the constant supervision of medical personnel. The forms and time of application of measures of physical restraint or isolation are recorded in the medical records.

For medical workers, when carrying out involuntary hospitalization, police officers are obliged to assist and provide safe conditions for access to the hospitalized person and his examination. In cases where it is necessary to prevent actions that threaten the life and health of others on the part of the hospitalized person or other persons, as well as if it is necessary to search for and detain a person to be hospitalized, police officers act in the manner established by the Law of the Russian Federation “On Police”.

When placed in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in an inpatient setting, patients do not become powerless individuals. During the period of stay in the hospital, the patient must be explained the grounds and goals of his placement in a psychiatric hospital, his rights and the rules established in the hospital in the language he speaks, which is recorded in the medical records.

All patients undergoing treatment or examination in a psychiatric hospital have the right to:

apply directly to the head physician or head of the department regarding treatment, examination, discharge from a psychiatric hospital and compliance with the rights granted by this Law;

file uncensored complaints and applications to representative and executive authorities, prosecutors, courts and lawyers;

meet with a lawyer and a clergyman in private;

perform religious rites, observe religious canons, including fasting, in agreement with the administration, have religious paraphernalia and literature;

subscribe to newspapers and magazines;

receive education under the program of a general education school or a special school for children with intellectual disabilities if the patient is under 18 years of age;

receive, on an equal footing with other citizens, remuneration for labor in accordance with its quantity and quality, if the patient participates in productive labor.

Patients also have the following rights, which may be limited on the recommendation of the attending physician by the head of department or chief physician in the interests of the health or safety of patients, and in the interests of the health or safety of others:

conduct correspondence without censorship;

receive and send parcels, parcels and money orders;

use the phone;

receive visitors;

to have and acquire essentials, to use their own clothes.

Paid services (individual subscription to newspapers and magazines, communication services, and so on) are carried out at the expense of the patient to whom they are provided.
A medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions of a general type, in essence, is an ordinary multidisciplinary psychiatric hospital. It is a medical and preventive institution that provides inpatient examination, treatment and social and labor rehabilitation of persons suffering from mental disorders. In addition, according to specially established rules and on the basis of existing laws, the psychiatric hospital also performs expert functions.

To ensure conditions conducive to the fastest and most complete mental and social recovery of patients, as well as the prevention of suicide attempts, mutilations and other accidents, differentiated regimes for monitoring patients and their maintenance (“restrictive”, “open doors”) should be applied in the departments of a psychiatric hospital. ”, “partial hospitalization”, “medical holidays”, etc.), changed in accordance with the condition of patients.

Compulsory, and not voluntary treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a general type, is due to the fact that, in accordance with current legislation, treatment in psychiatric hospitals, with the exception of individual cases, is carried out voluntarily. Therefore, if compulsory treatment was not prescribed for a person suffering from a mental disorder, but was carried out voluntarily, then at the request of a person who, for example, committed a crime, but in respect of whom the execution of punishment is impossible, he should have been discharged from the hospital.

In connection with the foregoing, persons who have committed socially dangerous acts that are not related to an encroachment on the life of citizens and do not pose a danger to others, but who, due to their mental state, are in need of compulsory treatment with a hospital content. In such hospitals, both persons sent there by a court order and patients admitted by a doctor in the usual manner are treated.

It should be noted that the criteria for choosing the type of hospital are rather vague. Therefore, in practice, cases are not uncommon when quite dangerous mental patients are sent to a medical organization that provides psychiatric care in stationary conditions, of a general type.
So, R. in a state of insanity committed a socially dangerous act under Part 3 of Art. 30 and p. “c” part 2 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

In the conclusion of a comprehensive psychological and psychiatric examination, it was indicated that R. currently suffers and suffered during the commission of an act prohibited by law from a chronic mental disorder: paranoid schizophrenia, continuous type of course, lack of remission. Due to a mental disorder, he is not able to realize the actual nature and social danger of his actions and manage them both during the act he is accused of and at the present time, he needs to be treated forcibly in a general psychiatric hospital. The choice of a hospital of this type is not motivated (The cassation ruling of the IC in criminal cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of April 9, 2007 N 45-o07-26). In the absence of proper justification, it is impossible to determine the required type of hospital.

Persons are sent to a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type, in order to carry out, by court order, compulsory treatment of mentally ill people who have committed socially dangerous acts and do not pose a threat to the life and health of others by their mental state, but who need hospital maintenance and treatment under conditions of enhanced observation, as well as mental patients transferred by court order from medical organizations providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type or a specialized type with intensive supervision.

Thus, in Ch.'s case, the referral to a specialized psychiatric hospital was due to the following circumstances. According to the conclusion of the inpatient forensic psychiatric examination, Ch. suffers from a chronic mental disorder in the form of paranoid schizophrenia. Changes in the psyche are expressed so significantly that Ch. could not at the time of the incriminated act and cannot currently realize the actual nature and social danger of his actions and manage them, as well as correctly perceive the circumstances relevant to the case, and give correct testimony about them . Given that Ch. has delusional ideas of religious content, paralogical thinking, impaired critical abilities, he needs compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a specialized type (Cassation ruling of the Investigative Committee in criminal cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated January 18, 2007 N 48-o06-123) .

According to the specifics of the contingent in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type, slightly different conditions are established related to the regime of stay in this institution.

The territory of a medical organization providing psychiatric care in a hospital, of a specialized type, its buildings, premises, etc. are equipped with means of security and alarm signaling, taking into account the conditions necessary to ensure constant monitoring of patients, and are kept in accordance with the requirements of sanitary legislation.

Protection is carried out by police units on the basis of contracts.

To ensure the safety of patients, staff, and other persons located on the territory of a medical organization providing psychiatric care in a specialized inpatient setting, a number of regime restrictions are established. In particular, walks are held in isolated places equipped with security alarms.

Visits with relatives are held in a specially equipped room, excluding escapes, in the presence of medical personnel.

Correspondence of the hospital administration with institutions and relatives of the patient regarding his mental state and social and domestic issues is kept in the patient's personal file.

The time of visiting patients by relatives and acquaintances and receiving packages is regulated by the internal regulations approved by the chief physician. There are also a number of other restrictions aimed at ensuring the effective treatment of patients, ensuring the safety of them and other persons, and the enforcement of a court decision on compulsory treatment.

Persons who, due to their mental state, pose a particular danger to themselves and others and require constant and intensive monitoring, are sent to a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type with intensive supervision. These include persons who have committed attacks that pose an increased public danger (persons who have committed attacks on the lives of citizens, rapists, as well as persons who have committed socially dangerous acts with particular cruelty).

For example, in the case of X., the basis for compulsory treatment in a specialized psychiatric hospital with intensive supervision was the fact that X. had committed a socially dangerous act - he took the lives of two persons in a state of insanity (Cassation ruling of the Investigative Committee on criminal cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 24 May 2006 N 49-o06-21).

Compulsory treatment in a medical organization providing psychiatric care in inpatient conditions, of a specialized type with intensive supervision, aims to eliminate the patient's special danger to society by carrying out the necessary therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.

The territory of a psychiatric hospital of a specialized type with intensive supervision, its buildings and structures are also under protection.

Patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital are placed in departments and wards, taking into account their mental state, separately for men and women. Depending on the condition of the patient, he is monitored to exclude the possibility of committing a new socially dangerous act, attempts to escape, suicide, etc., and appropriate treatment is prescribed.

In a medical organization of the type under consideration, there are the same restrictions as in a medical organization of a specialized type. But safety rules are more focused on limiting the possibility of harming yourself and others, preventing escapes. The behavior of the mentally ill is carried out almost constant supervision and observation: in the department, during occupational therapy, cult therapy, walks, dates, etc.

Video about Art. 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation