What contains ammonia. From foreign smells. For indoor flowers

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Ammonia is ammonia or not

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Sometimes there is simply no strength to fight the ants that endlessly appear in the kitchen from nowhere.

Ammonia will help here!

It is necessary to add 100 ml of ammonia to 1 liter of water and rinse all kitchen furniture with this solution. Do not be afraid of a specific "aroma" - it disappears in a few minutes. For us. And the “tenants” will feel it for a long time and will forget the path to your house.

Another ammonia will help from hordes of mosquitoes and midges during a picnic in nature. It is enough to sprinkle the resting place with this remedy and peace will be provided to you. Again, the fragrance will be imperceptible to humans after a couple of minutes.

AMMONIA AGAINST INSECTS

Ammonia: application in the country

Fans of growing flowers, tomatoes and other flower and vegetable crops should also turn to alcohol for help. Lilies, clematis, geraniums, cucumbers are very fond of top dressing with this remedy.

It is enough to dissolve 50 ml of ammonia in 4 liters of water and your plants will thank you with their looking healthy. By the way, you can combine business with pleasure: water indoor plants with such a solution. No smells, no midges, and at the same time - fertilized flowers :)

Itching from mosquito bites can be relieved by rubbing the bite with ammonia (a mixture of equal amounts of ammonia and water) or a solution drinking soda(1/2 teaspoon per 1 glass of water).

Healthy bulbs without chemicals

Everyone saw the damage by the secretive hobo: the feather brightens, stripes appear on it. If you break such a feather along, you can see small pest larvae inside. It helps in the first half of summer by watering the plantings with ammonia (1 tablespoon per bucket of water) once a week. This is a top dressing with nitrogen, and an odor repellent. In order for the smell of ammonia to last longer, some time after watering, the bed must be loosened.

If the aphid attacked well, the easiest way is to hit it with ammonia *. Its solution in water is ammonia.

Two tablespoons of ammonia in a bucket of water plus an adhesive - a spoonful of shampoo or washing powder. Aphid falls in shock. And ammonia quickly evaporates and gets into the leaf a little - this is the usual foliar nitrogen top dressing.

Ammonia is a plant protector

It turns out that an ammonia solution can greatly facilitate the life of amateur gardeners, protecting horticultural crops from various pests and diseases. In addition, it is believed that watering with this solution is beneficial for plant growth and is used as an additional top dressing.

Pests sensitive to ammonia vapor

1. Hidden trunk - a harmful weevil that causes serious damage to onion and garlic plantings. To scare away this pest, to prevent the crop from turning yellow and dying, in the first half of summer it is necessary to water the beds with garlic or onions with a solution of ammonia (25 ml per bucket of water). This procedure should be carried out every 7-8 days. This is the feeding of plants with nitrogen compounds, and a high-quality insect repellent.

2. Aphids - able to destroy the greenery on many trees and shrubs, almost completely. You can get rid of these pests with the help of the following solution - 50 ml of ammonia and a quarter of a piece of grated laundry soap(for better adhesion). Ammonium chloride is perceived by plants as foliar top dressing with nitrogen, but aphids die from it.

3. Carrot and onion flies - can completely destroy the crop of onions and carrots. One of effective methods the fight against these harmful insects is watering vegetable plantings with a solution of ammonia (2 ml of alcohol per 10 liters of water).

4. Wireworm, which is found in large quantities on new plots of land, damages growing tomatoes. When planting tomato seedlings, it is necessary to pour into each well a small amount of weak solution of ammonia.

5. Midges on indoor plants can cause significant harm to young, only transplanted flowers, and such an unpleasant neighborhood on the windowsill is unlikely to please anyone.

To get rid of them, simply pour the plants with a solution of ammonia (25 ml of alcohol per 2 liters of settled water).

For most indoor flowers (lilies, clematis, geraniums), this solution is an excellent fertilizer. Another method of dealing with annoying midges is to dust the ground in pots with dry, powdered pepper (you can use red chili or black peas).

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Ammonia

The description is up to date 06.04.2015

Latin name: Solutio Ammonicaustici
ATX code: V03AX
Active substance: Ammonia
Manufacturer: Tverskaya pharmaceutical factory, CJSC "Yaroslavl Pharmaceutical Factory" (Russia)

10% water solution ammonia .

Release form

Solution in ampoules or vials (40 or 100 ml).

pharmachologic effect

Analeptic (respiratory stimulant), antiseptic, emetic, irritant.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics

When inhaled, it acts on the receptors of the upper respiratory tract, exciting reflex-respiratory center. Excitation from receptors along fibers in the central nervous system, where changes occur in nerve centers, and then in the organs innervated by them. It also has a reflex effect on work hearts and vascular tone .

When ingested in small concentrations, it also reflexively excites the vomiting center and causes vomit .

The “distracting effect” is carried out through skin-visceral reflexes - when applied to the skin, it causes changes in the corresponding segmentally located organs or muscles, which causes restoration of functions. Suppressing the focus of excitation, supporting pathological process, reduces muscle tension and pain, eliminates vascular spasm .

At the site of application, it irritates skin receptors and therefore causes the release of active substances, as a result of which the vessels expand, nutrition and tissue regeneration improve, and there is an increased outflow of metabolites.

His disinfectant and antiseptic action associated with the ability to high concentrations coagulate microbial proteins. Therefore, it must be remembered that when long-term exposure irritant effect can turn into a cauterizing, which is accompanied by the development of puffiness, hyperemia and soreness.

Affects the epithelium of the respiratory tract, activating it and enhancing the secretion of glands. It manifests itself expectorant effect drug.

Pharmacokinetics

It is quickly excreted by the lungs and bronchial glands.

Application of ammonia

should be distinguished ammonia or ammonium chloride and ammonia .

Technical ammonia or ammonium chloride , the use of which is in demand in engineering and chemistry during tinning and soldering, as a hardener for varnishes and adhesives, the manufacture of galvanic cells, is an odorless powder. The only use of this substance in medicine, as a diuretic, is now not used due to toxicity and the emergence of modern, more effective diuretics. This drug has long been out of stock in pharmacies.

Often interested: Ammonium chloride is ammonia ? No, these are different substances, ammonia is ammonium salt , powder and ammonia formula NH4Cl. Ammonia is a gas that has a pungent odor and readily converts to liquid state. But ammonia is ammonia , this is a synonym, so do not be surprised if the pharmacy offers it to you, instead of the ordered alcohol.

Application of ammonia

B medical practice and currently in use ammonia , or rather 10% aqueous solution of it, which is called Ammonia . Formula -NH4OH. The sharp smell of ammonia irritates the receptors of the nasal mucosa and causes excitation of the respiratory and vasomotor center. As a result, it causes rapid breathing and an increase in blood pressure, therefore, when fainting or alcohol poisoning let the vapors of this alcohol be inhaled.

Confusing concepts or reducing them, they often say "ammonia from a hangover" or "ammonia from intoxication", which is incorrect. Ammonia is indeed used in these conditions, it can be given not only to smell, but also to drink. Take 5-6 drops per glass of water.

Ammonia solution in the form of ammonia-anise drops has an expectorant effect, and 0.1% solutions are used for felons , boils , how anti-inflammatory agent . It's also good antiseptic and disinfectant .

What else do you need to know about ammonia ? In the human body as a result deamination of amino acids , purine nucleotides and other nitrogen-containing compounds are formed ammonia . It is neutralized by the biosynthesis of urea. Part of the ammonia is spent on the synthesis glutamine , aspartic acid , amino acids , a small amount of ammonia is excreted in the urine. Thus, this substance is present in the blood and urine. In the blood of ammonia contains 7-21 mmol, and in the daily urine - 29-59 mmol. At elevated content protein in food serious illnesses liver and kidneys, the level of ammonia in the blood rises. Increased excretion in the urine is noted with acidosis , dehydration and at fasting . Under these conditions, as well as under intense physical activity, if muscle protein is intensively used with a lack of carbohydrates in the diet, or during training against the background of starvation, you can smell "ammonia" in the nose.

Summing up all of the above, we can name the indications for the use of ammonia.

Indications for use

treatment of the surgeon's hands (0.5% solution);
excitation of respiration fainting ;
insect bites (externally);
to provoke vomiting (in a diluted form!);
as an expectorant (in a combined preparation);
toxic effect of alcohol;
myositis , neuralgia (outside).

Contraindications

dermatitis , pyoderma , eczema (for local use);
hypersensitivity to the drug;
age up to 12 years;
with caution during pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects

respiratory arrest (if inhaled in high concentrations);
burns of the skin and mucous membranes.

Instructions for use (Method and dosage)

When fainting, cotton wool moistened with ammonia is brought to the patient's nose. Cotton wool should be kept 5 cm from the nose, since contact with the skin can cause burns. Inhalation of ammonia vapors excites nerve endings respiratory tract, impulses are transmitted to the respiratory center, which is reflexively excited, while the patient regains consciousness.

For insect bites, lotions are made. At myositis rubbing is used ammonia liniment .

Inside for provoking vomiting is used only in a diluted form - 5-7 drops per 100 ml of water. Undiluted drug taken orally causes burns of the esophagus .

Overdose

Vapor inhalation ammonia causes in large quantities contraction heart rate , as well as reflex respiratory arrest .

If the drug is taken orally in large quantities, abdominal pain appears, diarrhea , vomiting with the smell of ammonia, arousal, convulsions . In case of inhalation overdose - runny nose , cough , respiratory arrest , laryngeal edema . For external use in large doses appear burns .

Interaction

When used simultaneously with acids, ammonia neutralizes them.

Chemical properties of ammonia solution - formula, application in everyday life, medicine and gardening

Many medical devices can be used for both medicinal and household purposes, for example, an ammonia solution is often used to destroy pests or to clean leather upholstery. In addition, such a substance can be treated garden plants, use for feeding cucumbers, as well as for cleaning silver, gold, plumbing items.

What is ammonia

Aqueous ammonia or ammonia (NH4OH, ammonia hydroxide or monohydrate) is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent odor that is used as medicine and for household needs. In large quantities, NH4OH is poisonous, but small dose the drug can be used as an aphrodisiac and irritant. The main use of alcohol is medicine. With its help, you can bring a person to a sense of fainting; surgeons treat their hands with it before the operation. In addition, this drug has been found wide application in cosmetology.

Often people are interested in the question in what situations ammonia is used and what ammonia is. The chemical compound hydrogen nitride or ammonia is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Receive it at high temperature with the help of a catalyst from air nitrogen and hydrogen. When water is added, a solution of ammonia is obtained. Ammonium hydroxide or ammonia tincture has a pungent odor, has a strong alkaline reaction. The composition of ammonia includes 10% aqueous ammonia solution.

Many people mistakenly believe that ammonia, ammonia, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide are similar substances, but this is not so. Some of the preparations may have the same smell, although the chemical formula and the method of preparation are different. The alcohol in question, unlike ammonia gas, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. This substance has the formula: NH4OH. It is rare to find another such - NH3 ∙ H2O. This entry is used for a 10% solution.

What is the difference between ammonia and ammonia

The main difference between NH4OH and hydrogen nitride is their initial state of aggregation. Ammonia is a colorless gas that liquefies at -33 degrees Celsius. Ammonia is a liquid often referred to as an ammonia solution. The difference between substances is the scope of their application. Ammonia is the main product used in the chemical industry. This gas is often taken:

in the production of alcohol;
as a refrigerant to maintain the operation of industrial, domestic systems;
for the production of fertilizers, polymers, nitric acid, soda;
during construction;
for the manufacture of explosives.

Ammonia monohydrate has a narrower use, predominantly as a medical antiseptic. In addition, the solution is often used by housewives to remove stains from clothes, to clean gold and silver, as a top dressing for garden and indoor plants. The main similarity of these products is that they are able to smell unpleasant due to the high content of ammonia salts.

Properties of ammonia

During the breathing process, ammonia hydroxide vapor enters the body, while the substance actively begins to interact with trigeminal nerve while reflexively stimulating the respiratory center. concentrated solution is able to cause colliquation (dissolution, softening) of proteins of microbial cells. The tool is often used as Ambulance to excite breathing and remove a person from fainting. In addition, ammonia solution:

when applied externally, it improves tissue regeneration, dilates blood vessels, stimulates the outflow of metabolites;
has an antiseptic effect;
has an irritating effect on the exteroreceptors of the skin;
block the flow of pain impulses from pathological foci;
provokes local release of kinins, prostaglandins;
affects the activity of the heart and the tone of the vascular walls;
reduces hyperalgesia, muscle tension, spasms, providing a distracting effect;
when the drug is inhaled, an increase in blood pressure occurs;
suppresses foci of excitation;
contributes to the rapid release of sputum;
acting on the vomiting center, increases excitability;
ingestion in small doses stimulates the secretion of glands.

Application

Ammonia solution is often used as a medicine and for household needs. In medicine, the remedy is used to remove from fainting, excitation of respiration. With insect bites, lotions are made with a remedy, with neuralgia they rub sore spot. Alcohol is used externally to disinfect the hands of doctors before surgery. Instructions for use of the drug indicates that the dose of the substance should be selected individually, based on the indications.

Application in everyday life

Ammonia water is useful in removing stains from upholstered furniture and clothes. To clean your favorite thing, textile shoes or upholstery, you need to combine a couple of teaspoons of the product with a glass of water and pour the stain with the resulting solution for several minutes. Then rinse cool water. The smell will quickly disappear, the stains will instantly disappear.

When removing cockroaches, ammonia monohydrate also helps well. To do this, add a little product to a bucket of water when washing the floor, furniture and walls (about 1 tsp per liter of water). A strong smell will drive away uninvited guests, especially if the procedure is done once a week. So that outdoor recreation is not spoiled by mosquito and midge bites, you need to take an ammonia solution with you and spray it around. After this treatment, the insects will no longer bother.

Ammonia solution is also suitable for cleaning silver, gold items, plumbing items. To get rid of unpleasant black plaque, you need to take water, tooth powder, ammonia monohydrate in a ratio of 5:2:1. Next, the product should be wiped soft cloth or gauze soaked in the solution. After that, rinse with water, wipe dry. Jewelry with precious stones and pearls should not be cleaned in this way.

For indoor flowers

The use of ammonia solution for plants is based on great content it contains nitrogen and the absence of ballast substances. The drug in diluted form is an ideal top dressing for home flowers. To prepare the simplest fertilizer with NH4OH, you need to dissolve one tablespoon of the substance in three liters of water. The resulting solution is necessary to water the plants under the root. If home flowers are struck by aphids, they must be taken out to the balcony and sprayed with a solution of fifteen milliliters of alcohol, three liters of water and two drops of shampoo.

The ammonia solution is indispensable assistant on a summer cottage. Often the drug is used to compensate for the lack of nitrogen and as a preventive measure for diseases of trees, plants, shrubs, berries. For top dressing, you need 4 liters of water and 50 ml of solution. Watering plants with such a composition should be from the moment of planting until the end of June. The tool still perfectly repels mosquitoes, aphids, midges. The farm uses only a technical solution of alcohol 25%.

Ammonia for plants is an excellent top dressing. good harvest shrubs will respond to the solution: plum, cherry, blackberry, raspberry. The substance must be used to increase growth, during the flowering period. Cabbage, zucchini, onions, pumpkins, peppers, potatoes, and eggplants consume the most nitrogen. There are crops that need nitrogen in moderation: cucumbers, tomatoes, beets, garlic, corn, gooseberry and currant bushes.

Application in medicine

An ammonia solution is often used to bring a person to feelings and fainting. In addition, the use of ammonia in medicine is possible with:

poisoning (food, alcohol, toxic);
neuralgia;
insect bites;
headache, toothache;
hangover;
myositis;
joint pain;
otitis;
nail fungus.

In cosmetology, ammonia monohydrate has also found wide application. If you use the substance together with glycerin, then it will be excellent tool for dry skin of legs, elbows, hands. A lotion based on these ingredients helps to quickly restore softness and get rid of cracks. The tool is great for treating hair, it can be used as a rinse after using shampoo. To do this, you need to dissolve a teaspoon of alcohol in a glass warm water.

Instructions for use

To revive a person who has fainted, pour a little ammonia solution onto a cotton swab and bring it to the nose at a distance of 5 cm. this can cause burns to the nasal mucosa. When bitten by insects, lotions should be applied. In order to induce vomiting with the help of the drug, you should take ammonia in ampoules, pour 10 drops of the drug into 100 ml of warm water and let the patient drink inside. At wet cough the doctor may prescribe inhalations, but only through a special device.

Application rules

Ammonia solution is toxic substance, so when it misuse reflex respiratory arrest, stomach burns may occur (when taking an undiluted drug). As a rule, the agent is used inhalation, topically and orally. In surgical practice, they wash their hands. With prolonged exposure to the drug on the body, necrobiotic and inflammatory changes in tissues.

Before using the substance, you should carefully read the instructions or consult with a specialist. In case of accidental damage to the container with the drug, you should quickly open the window and ventilate the room. In case of contact with mucous membranes and eyes, rinse the affected areas with plenty of running water and seek medical help.

Ammonia for acne

Ammonia solution is an excellent remedy for oily skin a face that is prone to acne and blackheads. It can be used for washing. In this case, it is necessary to dilute half a teaspoon of the substance with a glass of warm water. In addition, problem areas can be wiped with a solution of ammonia hydroxide with a concentration of 1-2% using a cotton swab.

Precautionary measures

When using ammonia hydroxide in medicine or at home, care must be taken and individual means protection. In addition, you must follow the rules:

if possible, the application of the substance to plants must be carried out in a mask and rubber gloves;
alcohol must not be mixed with other active substances;
you can not work with the drug for people suffering from vegetovascular dystonia;
if the undiluted solution is ingested, it is urgent to drink plenty of water, call vomiting reflex and seek help from a doctor;
you need to store the drug in closed places;
avoid contact with ammonia hydroxide on the skin of the face;
dilute the composition should be in the air or in a well-ventilated area.

In everyday life, ammonia is often used, but they call it both ammonia and ammonia, remaining in full confidence that this is the same thing.

In fact, these are different substances that differ from each other in their origin, state of aggregation and chemical formulas. related to these three different substances only a strong ammonia smell.

In order to once and for all be convinced that ammonia and ammonia are one and the same, it is enough to turn to the history of their origin and look at their chemical formulas.

Ammonia - hydrogen nitride, gas with molar mass 17 g/mol, chemical formula - NH3.

Ammonia or ammonia alcohol - a liquid with chemical formula NH4OH.

Ammonia is a salt with the chemical formula - NH4Cl.

Origin of ammonia

The history of the discovery of natural gas ammonia has two legends. According to the first legend, near the temple egyptian god Amon, where religious rites were performed, people sniffed a pair of camel excrement, from which they fell into a trance. These pairs were named "ammonia".

According to the second legend, in northern Africa, in the area of the oasis of Ammon, there was a crossroads of caravan routes. There passed great amount animals, the road was littered with their feces and plentifully watered with urine, which evaporated and released a gas that was called "ammonia".

Concerning scientific discovery gas with the name "ammonia", it dates back to 1785. The chemical formula of the gas, NH3, was determined by the French scientist C. L. Berthollet and named it "ammonia".

But back in 1774, the English scientist D. Priestley received an identical gas, which he gave the name "alkaline air", but chemical composition could not bring out.

Ammonia (ammonia in Latin) is a colorless gas with a specific smell, lighter than air, chemically active, liquefies at a temperature of -33 C; highly soluble in water alkaline reaction; interacts with hydrochloric acid and forms an ammonium salt: NH3 + HCl = NH4Cl, which decomposes when heated: NH4Cl = NH3 + HCl.

Ammonia is obtained in two ways - industrial and laboratory. At laboratory method ammonia is obtained by heating alkalis and ammonium salts:

NH4Cl + KOH = NH3 + KCl + H2O;
NH4 + + OH - = NH 3 + H2O.

AT industrial environment ammonia is first produced in gaseous form, and then it is liquefied and brought to a 25% aqueous solution, which is called ammonia water.

The synthesis of ammonia is a very important chemical production, since ammonia is a fundamental element for many other chemical technologies and productions. Thus, ammonia is used in industrial refrigeration as a refrigerant; is a bleach in the processing and dyeing of fabrics; indispensable in the production of nitric acid, nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium salts, synthetic fibers - nylon and capron.

The industrial method for the synthesis of ammonia was invented in 1909 by the German chemist Fritz Haber. In 1918, for his discovery in chemistry, he received Nobel Prize. The first ammonia plant was launched in 1913 in Germany, and in 1928 ammonia production was already established in Russia.

Origin of ammonia

Ammonia (Hammoniaci P. Sal) is a salt, the chemical formula is NH4Cl (ammonium chloride).

Ammonium chloride is of volcanic origin; found in hot springs, groundwater evaporation, in deposits of guano and native sulfur; Formed by burning coal seams or debris accumulations. It has the appearance of sagging, earthy deposits, crusts or massive skeletal crystalline accumulations, clusters and dendrites.

Pure ammonia is colorless or white, with a glassy sheen. Depending on the impurities present in it, the color can be all shades of yellow, brown, gray, different shades of red, brown.

When heated, ammonia is released from ammonia, it dissolves well in water. The solution tastes burning caustic - salty, the smell is sharp ammonia.

Ammonium chloride has been known to people since very ancient times and was used in ritual ceremonies, in the production and dyeing of fabrics, as well as by alchemists for soldering metals and alloying gold.

In the Middle Ages, they learned how to get artificial ammonia from the horns and hooves of a large cattle, which was called the "spirit of a deer horn."

Origin of ammonia

Liquor ammonia caustici is its Latin name.

This is a 10% ammonia water solution with the chemical formula NH4OH; colorless transparent homogeneous mixture that can evaporate; with a specific smell of ammonia, which persists when frozen.

The mention of its use by Eastern alchemists dates back to the 8th century, and by European alchemists to the 13th century. Their records of the recipes they used have survived to this day.

Nowadays, they receive in an industrial and simple household way:

industrial synthesis is carried out from the gaseous state of hydrogen, nitrogen and air using certain catalysts, and then get water-alcohol solution, which has a sharp ammonia smell;
a simple household method is based on diluting 25% ammonia water to a 10% solution.

Areas of use

The scope of ammonia and ammonia alcohol is wide, it is used in almost all spheres of human life, ranging from technological processes and ending with medicine and domestic needs.

Application of ammonia

Ammonia is widely used as a refrigerant in various household and industrial equipment.

He is one of essential products used in the chemical industry . In particular, it is used in the production of:

ammonia;
additives in building materials for use in frosty conditions;
polymers, soda and nitric acid;
fertilizers;
explosives.

Use of ammonia alcohol

Ammonia alcohol is used in medicine and in everyday life.

Application in medicine is indicated in the following cases:

Use in everyday life consists in degreasing and cleaning various household utensils.

Alcohol solution at the rate of 2 tsp. for 2 cups of water and 1 tbsp. l. any dishwashing detergent can perfectly clean silverware, silver and gold Jewelry(products with pearls cannot be cleaned with ammonia, it will become gray and cloudy). To do this, place silverware or jewelry in the solution, hold for 1 to 2 hours, then rinse in water and wipe dry.

It is good at removing blood, urine and sweat stains from wool, silk and lycra. A 50% solution is used as a stain remover. In concentrated form, it can remove pencil marks on clothes.

From carpets, upholstery and car covers, the heel can be removed with a solution of 1 tbsp. l. pure ammonia and 2 l hot water. To do this, clean the pollution and allow to dry. If necessary, you can re-clean.

Window glass, mirrors and faience can also be cleaned with a solution of 1 tbsp. l. pure ammonia and 3 tbsp. water. The surface will be clean and shiny.

Ammonia water 1 tbsp. l. in a mixture with 4 liters of water, stone deposits in the bath and washbasin can be cleaned. To do this, clean them with a solution, and then rinse with hot water.

Alcohol can be used in horticulture to control onion flies and aphids, and as a fertilizer for garden and indoor plants in acidic soil conditions.

Impact on a person

When using ammonia and ammonia, remember that that these are highly toxic substances and when using them, the dosage should be strictly observed and adhere to the terms of use.

If you intend to use ammonia, you must purchase it exclusively in pharmacies and carefully read the attached rules for using “Ammonia solution. Instructions for use".

Exceeding dosages can cause poisoning and serious problems health, and chemical burns. The rooms where it is used must be well ventilated.

In addition to toxicity, ammonia vapors are explosive. This happens when they are mixed with air in a certain proportion, so when working, special safety rules must be observed when working with explosives.

The first symptoms of poisoning may be:

the appearance of red spots on the face and body;
rapid breathing;
general excitement.

Further signs of the development of poisoning are:

appearance acute pain behind the breastbone;
convulsions;
swelling of the larynx;
spasm of the vocal cords;
muscle weakness;
circulatory disorders;
semi-conscious state, up to loss of consciousness.

When ingesting ammonia water in excess doses, you may experience:

diarrhea with false painful urges; burns of the esophagus, stomach and primary departments intestines;
cough, lacrimation, salivation and sneezing;
respiratory arrest of a reflex nature;
vomiting with the smell of ammonia;
taking ammonia alcohol in an amount of 10 to 15 grams. threatened with death.

If a person has an individual intolerance to the smell of ammonia, then even a slight ingestion of it through the respiratory tract or inside can immediately lead to the most adverse consequences.

If a person has a violation on the body skin in the form of weeping ulcers, eczema or dermatitis, then the use of lotions can lead to even more extensive allergic reaction and skin burns.

First aid for poisoning

In cases of the first signs of poisoning with these substances, it is urgent to start providing first aid to the victim.

First aid measures include:

In case of more severe forms poisoning, urgently call an ambulance.

Ammonia alcohol is mandatory in first aid kits in first aid kits and should be at hand at the right time.

How much can it cost in pharmacies? The answer is very inexpensive. Get it, use it, but be extremely careful.

Attention, only TODAY!

Pharmacodynamics

When inhaled, it acts on the receptors of the upper respiratory tract, stimulating the reflex-respiratory center. Excitation from receptors through fibers in the central nervous system, where changes occur in the nerve centers, and then in the organs innervated by them. It also has a reflex effect on work hearts and vascular tone .

When ingested in small concentrations, it also reflexively excites the vomiting center and causes vomit .

The “distracting effect” is carried out through skin-visceral reflexes - when applied to the skin, it causes changes in the corresponding segmentally located organs or muscles, which causes restoration of functions. Suppressing the focus of excitation that supports the pathological process, reduces muscle tension and pain, eliminates vascular spasm .

At the site of application, it irritates skin receptors and therefore causes the release of active substances, as a result of which blood vessels dilate, nutrition and tissue regeneration improve, and there is an increased outflow of metabolites.

His disinfectant and antiseptic action associated with the ability to coagulate microbial cell proteins at high concentrations. Therefore, it must be remembered that with prolonged exposure, an irritating effect can turn into a cauterizing one, which is accompanied by the development of puffiness, hyperemia and soreness.

Affects the epithelium of the respiratory tract, activating it and enhancing the secretion of glands. It manifests itself expectorant effect drug.

Pharmacokinetics

It is quickly excreted by the lungs and bronchial glands.

Application of ammonia

should be distinguished ammonia or ammonium chloride and ammonia .

Often interested: Ammonium chloride is ammonia ? No, these are different substances, ammonia is ammonium salt , powder and ammonia formula NH4Cl. Ammonia is a gas that has a pungent odor and easily liquefies. But ammonia is ammonia , this is a synonym, so do not be surprised if the pharmacy offers it to you, instead of the ordered alcohol.

Application of ammonia

In medical practice and currently used , or rather 10% aqueous solution of it, which is called Ammonia . Formula -NH4OH. The sharp smell of ammonia irritates the receptors of the nasal mucosa and causes excitation of the respiratory and vasomotor center. As a result, it causes rapid breathing and an increase in blood pressure, therefore, when fainting or alcohol poisoning let the vapors of this alcohol be inhaled.

What else do you need to know about ammonia ? In the human body as a result deamination of amino acids , purine nucleotides and other nitrogen-containing compounds are formed ammonia . It is neutralized by the biosynthesis of urea. Part of the ammonia is spent on the synthesis glutamine , aspartic acid , amino acids , a small amount of ammonia is excreted in the urine. Thus, this substance is present in the blood and urine. In the blood of ammonia contains 7-21 mmol, and in the daily urine - 29-59 mmol. With an increased protein content in food, with severe diseases of the liver and kidneys, the level of ammonia in the blood rises. Increased excretion of it in the urine is noted with, dehydration and at fasting . Under these conditions, as well as during intense physical exertion, if muscle protein is intensively used with a lack of carbohydrates in the diet, or during training against the background of starvation, you can smell "ammonia" in the nose.

Summing up all of the above, we can name the indications for the use of ammonia.

Indications for use

treatment of the surgeon's hands (0.5% solution);
excitation of respiration fainting ;
insect bites (externally);
to provoke vomiting (in a diluted form!);
as an expectorant (in a combined preparation);
toxic effect of alcohol;
, (outside).

Contraindications

, pyoderma , (for local use);
hypersensitivity to the drug;
age up to 12 years;
with caution during pregnancy and lactation.

Side effects

respiratory arrest (if inhaled in high concentrations);
burns of the skin and mucous membranes.

Instructions for use (Method and dosage)

When fainting, cotton wool moistened with ammonia is brought to the patient's nose. Cotton wool should be kept 5 cm from the nose, since contact with the skin can cause burns. Inhalation of ammonia vapor excites the nerve endings of the respiratory tract, impulses are transmitted to the respiratory center, which is reflexively excited, while the patient regains consciousness.

For insect bites, lotions are made. At myositis rubbing is used ammonia liniment .

Inside for provoking vomiting is used only in a diluted form - 5-7 drops per 100 ml of water. An undiluted drug taken orally causes.

Overdose

Vapor inhalation ammonia causes in large quantities decrease in heart rate , as well as reflex respiratory arrest .

If the drug is taken orally in large quantities, abdominal pain, vomiting with the smell of ammonia, agitation, convulsions . In case of inhalation overdose - runny nose , cough , respiratory arrest ,laryngeal edema . When applied externally in large doses, there are burns .

Interaction

When used simultaneously with acids, ammonia neutralizes them.

Terms of sale

Without recipe.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not higher than 20°C.

Best before date

Analogues

Coincidence in the ATX code of the 4th level:

Ammonia solution in ampoules, Ammonia bufus .

ammonia is universal remedy, which is used in most different areas human life. Many people think that ammonia is ammonia, but in reality they are different substances with different chemical formulas.

The history of ammonia

An analogue of ammonia was found in ancient egypt. At that time, people made it from small crystals that were contained in the excrement of camels. For all the time of its existence, the drug has changed several names, but its composition has remained unchanged.

The name "ammonia" came from consonance with the oasis of Amon, which is located in the Arabian Desert. Camel caravans stopped here to rest during their long journeys. There was no one to clean their manure, so it accumulated and smelled very strongly.

After a while, people noticed that this smell makes their body wake up from a fainting state, which arose as a result of a long stay in the sweltering heat of the desert. Then women carried with them special amphoras, in which there were crystals of this substance. So they were saved from stuffiness and possible fainting.

Now ammonia is most often, as in ancient times, used to bring a person out of a state of fainting.

In the second half of the 8th century, the scientist J. Priestley invented a drug in the form of a gas. He gave it the name "alkaline air". Only a whole decade later, another scientist K. L. Bertholla managed to derive the ammonia formula.

In the 20th century, they learned how to produce ammonia in a solid state using a special process with nitrogen contained in the air. This method was named after its inventors - the Haber-Bosch process.

Today, this tool is widely used in various areas ah life. It is produced by many companies all over the world. Interestingly, the amount of ammonia produced is increasing every year.

The chemical formula of ammonia

Ammonia manufacturing companies produce it through the reaction of hydrogen gas and nitrogen. As a result, a water-alcohol solution is formed, which has a pungent odor.

Despite its wide distribution in medicine and in everyday life, ammonia is a toxic substance in certain situations. This means that special care must be taken when using it.

The smell emanating from the product affects the nerve endings, providing an exciting and irritating effect. Thanks to this, you can bring a person out of a faint or provoke vomiting.

Differences between ammonia and ammonia

Many people think that ammonia is just another name for ammonia. But in fact, they are two different substances. Their main difference is the different state of aggregation these compounds under the same conditions:

Ammonium chloride is a liquid.
Ammonia is a gas that can only become a liquid at -33 degrees Celsius.

Ammonia can be converted into a drug by a long reaction:

Ammonia is converted to ammonium hydroxide.
After that, it is dissolved in water, resulting in the formation of ammonia.

When used in everyday life, ammonia is simply dissolved in water, skipping the first step of the reaction.

The effect of ammonia on the body

The main effect of ammonia on the human body is due to its specific smell. There is irritation of receptors that transmit a signal to the brain, as a result of which normal breathing is activated and blood pressure rises. But with prolonged inhalation of alcohol vapors, respiratory arrest can occur.

In the field of medicine, it is used to stimulate the gag reflex and sputum discharge. This is due to irritation of the walls of the stomach. This method can be used to treat a number of diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems.

Another drug is used for external use. He disinfects, heals fungal infections and relieves inflammation. In addition, the drug:

It has the ability to heal minor cuts and wounds.
May relieve redness and itching from insect bites.

Apply to the skin can be a product with a lower concentration. Otherwise, the use of concentrated ammonia can cause skin burns.

Indications for use

There are several indications for the use of the drug:

With the help of inhalation- to awaken a person from a swoon and stimulate his breathing.
Outdoor use- Hand sanitizing during surgical operations as an antipruritic agent.
Oral use- a means to induce vomiting.

The use of ammonia in everyday life

The drug is used for some household needs:

For disinfection and disinfection of surfaces and things.
To warm up the joints and muscles.
To normalize breathing.
If necessary, induce vomiting in case of poisoning.

Friends and relatives of people suffering alcohol addiction, use a cloth soaked in an ammonia solution to bring them to their senses. But this method must be used with caution. On hit a large number solution on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity or mouth, you can get a severe burn.

Ammonia and ammonia - how else can you use

To induce a gag reflex, the most diluted ammonia is used. Taking a concentrated drug can only aggravate the poisoning and worsen the victim's well-being.

Ammonia and ammonia are not medicines. They are not used to treat diseases. They are used as part of complex therapy.

Reach maximum effect possible only when correct application drug.

With a deterioration in well-being, the appearance of irritation and other discomfort after using ammonia, you should consult a doctor.

Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen of inorganic origin (hydrogen nitrite: NH 3). In our life we meet a very wide use different ways its application.

Ammonia can take various states aggregation and, like other compounds, can be either in gaseous or liquid form. Ammonia is a liquid with a not very pleasant smell.

A substance often used in chemistry classes at school to show what chemical burns are. Ammonia has yellow, it can be recognized by its characteristic smell. If ammonia vapor is mixed with air in sufficient proportion and the right amount, then an explosion may occur, and, consequently, its share in the air, after which it is greatly reduced.

Nowadays, ammonia can be found in many places, ranging from large industrial plants, where it is used for cold storage, and finds applications in medicine. After appropriate treatment, the 10% ammonia solution is ammonia (ammonia hydrate: NH 3 ·H 2 O). Previously, ammonia was used in the composition of smelling salts. Few people, however, know that it is used as a component of paints or ... baking powder. As you can see, depending on what form the connection is in, it can have different properties.

The most common use of ammonia is in refrigeration applications, the refrigeration industry, mainly because of its thermodynamic properties. However, ammonia can also be used as a solvent, in particular for dissolving metals.

Ammonia was discovered in ancient Egypt near the temple of Amun, to which it owes its name. Near sacred place, was first discovered composition of camel dung.

Application in medicine

Ammonia is one of the osmogens (new pharmaceutically acceptable amine salts) that a person can detect by smell. To say that ammonia is ammonia is fundamentally not true, because ammonia is a combination of hydrogen and nitrogen, and ammonia is chemical compound ammonia with water, resulting in the formation of ammonia hydrate. There is an aqueous colorless 10% ammonia solution (ammonia) with a pungent odor.

It is used in medicine (10% and 25%) as an emetic, antiseptic, analeptic and irritant.
Alcohol is used to quickly get out of a faint and wake up from sleep.

How to apply the remedy? Apply a few drops to a piece of cloth, bandage, cotton wool and bring it to the victim's nose without touching it and hold for 2 minutes.

Alcohol poisoning

Take 1 tbsp. water and add 5-6 drops of alcohol there. Give them to drink a person who has received alcohol poisoning.

Unlike traditional ways, such as infusing water or rubbing the ear, the method allows you to wake up and form your thoughts in such a way as to answer questions, while looking completely sober.

Needle sterilization

Ammonia can be used to sterilize needles. You just need to wipe it with a cotton swab dipped in alcohol or hold the needle for a few seconds in a bottle with it.

Wart removal

Ammonia is excellent at removing warts. Cotton swab, dipped in alcohol, is pressed against the surface of the wart for 5-6 seconds. In order not to get burned, you can not touch healthy skin.

Removing itching

If you dilute ammonia with water in proportions of 1:10, it eliminates the bites of horseflies and mosquitoes, relieves burns from nettles and other plants.

Oven

Here a good idea how to clean an electric stove (oven) easily and simply. You need to heat it up to a temperature of about 65 degrees Celsius, and then turn it off. On the top shelf you need to put a small bowl with a solution of ammonia, at the very bottom a pot of water. Close the oven and leave overnight. The next day, remove the dishes and ventilate the oven (it doesn't smell very nice). Then wash with ammonia solution with a few drops of dishwashing liquid dissolved in 1 liter of water. Even old, burnt deposits of fat are cleaned off.

A gas oven can be cleaned in the same way, but before installing the ammonia container, make sure that all gas channels are blocked.

Grill

You can get rid of the remnants of burnt food. Place the rack on an old towel in a large wash bowl (you can do this in the bath). Pour in ½ cup of ammonia, let sit for 15 minutes, then remove grate, rinse and wipe dry. The grid will be clean.

Crystal

To restore the shine of frosted crystal dishes, you need to wipe them with a soft cloth or brush dipped in a solution of a few drops of ammonia diluted in 2 tbsp. water and then rinse in clean water and wipe with a dry cloth.

Bad smell

Place the ammonia container in the painted room. The ammonia will absorb the smell. If after a few days you do not feel a clear improvement, you will notice fluid in the vessels. You can also use vinegar with lemon slices as an odor remover.

kitchen moth

How to deal with it? Just wash cabinets, drawers with a solution of ammonia and water (1/2 cup alcohol, 1 liter of water). Leave cabinets and drawers open until completely dry. The mole will disappear.

Silver and gold

To refresh silver and gold jewelry, jewelry, etc., soak them for 10 minutes in a ½ cup solution. ammonia and 1 tbsp. warm water. Wipe them gently with a soft cloth and leave to dry. You can not clean products with pearls, it will become gray and cloudy.

Spots

Ammonia is very good at removing stains. Before using it on wool, silk or lycra, make sure that it is diluted and the resulting solution has a concentration of no more than 50%.

Spots of blood, urine and sweat. Soak clothes before washing in 50% ammonia solution.
All stains (except greasy) can be removed by spraying a solution containing equal parts ammonia, water and dishwashing liquid. Pour it into a spray bottle, saturate the contaminated areas thoroughly. After a few minutes, rinse.
Remove pencil marks. Use a few drops of concentrated ammonia and then rinse thoroughly. If that doesn't work, pour liquid laundry detergent over the stain and rinse again.

Shoes

Ammonia can be used to restore White color sneakers. It is enough to clean them with a solution of equal parts of water and ammonia.

Carpets and upholstery fabrics

You can remove the heel from carpets and upholstery with a sponge soaked in a solution of ammonia and hot water (1 tablespoon of pure ammonia per 2 liters of water). Leave to dry. If necessary, repeat the procedure.

Window

Glass can be cleaned with a solution (1 tbsp pure ammonia, 3 tbsp water). Windows will be clean without a single speck of dust. Lanolin can also be used to clean windows.

Faience

In order for the faience to be clean, it should be washed with a solution (1/2 tbsp of ammonia in 4 liters of water).

stone plaque

To remove plaque from the sink, washbasin and bath, you need to clean them with a solution of ammonia and water (1 tablespoon of alcohol per 4 liters of water), then rinse thoroughly.

Wax

The wax on the floor turns yellow over time. A solution (1 tablespoon of ammonia dissolved in 2 liters of water) will help to remove old layers of wax from the parquet and refresh the floor. After a few minutes, you can clean off the remaining wax with a plastic scraper. Collect excess liquid on a cloth, and thoroughly wash the floor with water.

Remember, the room where you applied the ammonia should be well ventilated. Because ammonia is Chemical substance, which can cause poisoning and serious health problems, as well as chemical burns.