If food poisoning what to do. Food poisoning - what to do? Meat, chicken, egg poisoning, protein poisoning

Food poisoning is one of the most unpleasant conditions. Everything hurts - the stomach, intestines, the temperature rises, bones break, etc. The degree of departure can be so strong that medical intervention is indispensable.

What nuances do you need to know about food poisoning, what to do in case of food poisoning and how to help yourself or a loved one before the doctor arrives? Let's figure it out.

Generally speaking, food poisoning is a violation normal functioning human organs due to the ingestion of poisonous or toxic substances.

According to the severity of food poisoning can be divided for several stages.

• moderate stage. Occurs when ingested a small amount poisonous substance. Manifested as nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, sometimes possible slight increase temperature.
• acute stage. It is characterized by sudden and severe damage to the body and the rapid onset of symptoms. Temperature, chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea - all these effects quickly and abundantly appear within a short period of time.
• Superacute poisoning. The most severe case of getting a large amount of poisons into the body. The consequences are extremely serious - depressed consciousness or its complete loss, convulsions, convulsions, respiratory arrest.
• Chronic poisoning. At long-term exposure a small amount of toxic substances, for example, with the constant consumption of unsuitable foods, this type of disease is also possible. General passivity, drowsiness, malaise in the gastrointestinal tract, unhealthy complexion, nausea indicate chronic poisoning. Moreover, over time, a person’s well-being only worsens until the disease becomes acute.

With its sufficient prevalence, food poisoning remains a kind of blank spot in our lives. This happens for two reasons.

Firstly, the symptoms of poisoning are very extensive and characteristic of many other diseases, which means that diagnosis becomes difficult.

Secondly, and this is completely on the conscience of the patients themselves, we often neglect what we eat. Snacks on the road, incomprehensible cafes, food of dubious quality, unsanitary conditions - nothing stops us from snacking.

General signs of poisoning are known to many, but not everyone knows what symptoms are characteristic of a particular type of phenomenon.

In order to provide effective targeted assistance, it is necessary to take into account following classification of poisonings.

• Bacterial damage. It takes place when eating food contaminated with E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. This poisoning is characterized by the following symptoms - vomiting, severe intestinal colic, diarrhea. Moreover, it should be noted that the listed consequences occur fairly quickly after taking poor quality food- an average of 1-2 hours.
• Chemical poisoning. To give an appetizing "fresh" look, many vegetables and fruits are treated with special chemical compounds. Or, such chemicals are already present inside the fruits, since synthetic fertilizers were used in large quantities when growing them. Such poisoning manifests itself as follows - dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, profuse salivation and sweating, pain in the stomach, blurred vision. Symptoms chemical poisoning appear very quickly, within an hour.
• Botulism. Fans of canned and pickled foods should be extremely careful. Microorganisms that appear in sealed jars can lead to death. Botulism appears 10-15 hours after eating foods. The central nervous system takes the brunt of botulism. A person's visual and speech functions deteriorate sharply, dry mouth appears and swallowing reflexes are difficult, followed by nausea and vomiting.

Any of the listed poisonings can pass easily, and can cost health and even life. Do not waste precious time, if there are several signs of a particular poisoning, call an ambulance.

Treatment for food poisoning

The disease is treated in several stages.

• First of all, it is gastric lavage. Be sure to remove the poisonous element from the body.
• Secondly, it is obligatory to take sorbent substances.
• Thirdly, it is necessary to restore the water-salt balance. When gastric lavage and due to diarrhea and vomiting, a person loses a large number of fluid to be recovered.
• Final stage- restorative preventive procedures.

In case of severe poisoning, a person is placed in a hospital for several days, where he is given all the necessary procedures.

The question arises - they called an ambulance, but what should we do ourselves: sit back and wait? Of course no. It is necessary to provide the most comfortable conditions for the patient and help him with all possible ways. What to do in case of poisoning at home?

As in the case of inpatient treatment, at home, gastric lavage will be the first aid. But if the conditions medical institution allow the use of special devices for this procedure, then at home you will have to cope with improvised means.

In case of poisoning at home, it is necessary to induce vomiting artificially. To do this, give the patient a weak solution of potassium permanganate or soda (15 g per liter) to drink and press the root of the tongue with two fingers. Repeat the procedure two or three times.

After the initial cleansing, it is necessary to get rid of the remaining toxins as quickly as possible. Good for this Activated carbon. It should be taken at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of the patient's weight.

The next step is to provide the patient plentiful drink. You should drink salted water, weak tea, compotes, fruit drinks. However, it is better to refuse food intake on the first day. And after recovery, start your diet with low-fat dietary and sparing foods - mashed potatoes, dairy-free cereals, kissels, crackers.

After treatment, the patient needs rest and bed rest until complete recovery.

Prevention

The phrase has already been mentioned more than once and is familiar to everyone - it is better to prevent than to cure. Of course, it is wiser not to bring the situation to a critical point. To prevent food poisoning, follow a few simple rules.

• Observe the diet. By consuming food at a strictly defined time, you will save yourself from bouts of wild hunger, during which a person is able to eat anything and in large quantities.
• Eat at home. Homemade food is the safest and healthiest. But if there is no possibility homemade food No, then visit only proven places of public catering.
• Plentiful drink. Water helps to get rid of toxins and poisons, so its consumption will be useful not only for those already poisoned, but also as a preventive measure.
• Buy products in proven mass outlets - hypermarkets, markets, fairs. Tents with vegetables and fruits standing alone by the road are not the most reliable supplier of healthy products.

Mother of two children. I have been running a household for more than 7 years - this is my main job. I like to experiment, I constantly try various means, methods, techniques that can make our life easier, more modern, richer. I love my family.

Food poisoning is an acute indigestion caused by the consumption of poor-quality or toxic foods and drinks.

• Food poisoning(PTI). Occurs due to consumption of contaminated food pathogenic microorganisms. For example, stale food. Non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards can also provoke PTI.
• Toxic (non-infectious) poisoning. Occur when natural or chemical toxins enter the body with food. For example, poison inedible mushrooms and plants, as well as chemicals.

The last type of poisoning is the most dangerous. You don't have to fight them on your own. If a non-infectious nature of the poisoning is suspected, see a doctor immediately.

Also, regardless of the type of poisoning, qualified health care necessary for pregnant and lactating women, children and the elderly.

But usually people are faced with toxic infections that can be cured at home. Next, we will talk about what steps to take to cope with PTI on your own.

Symptoms and pathogenesis

The course of food poisoning depends on the age and general condition of the person, as well as the type of pathogenic bacteria. But overall picture is:

• obsessive nausea;
• repeated vomiting;
• weakness, malaise;
• changed complexion;
• diarrhea;
• chills;
• elevated body temperature.

PTI is characterized short period incubation. The first signs appear 2–6 hours after ingestion and progress rapidly without treatment.

Treatment

Step 1. Gastric lavage

When the first symptoms appear, you need to remove the remnants of toxic food from the body. For this, the stomach is washed. actions are the same as for first aid.

1. Prepare a weak solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) or baking soda (1 tablespoon of soda for 1.5–2 liters of water at room temperature).
2. Drink some solution.
3. Induce vomiting (two fingers press on the root of the tongue).
4. Repeat the procedure several times until the vomit is clear.

Step 2. Reception of sorbents

Sorbents are drugs that help remove toxins from the body. The most famous of these is activated carbon.

Activated carbon reduces absorption in gastrointestinal tract toxins, salts of heavy metals, alkaloids and other harmful substances and also promotes their removal from the body.

Dosage for poisoning: one tablet for every 10 kg of body weight.

In other words, if you weigh 70 kg, then you will need at least seven tablets. In severe cases, the dosage should be increased.

In case of poisoning, coal is best taken in the form of an aqueous suspension. To do this, crush the tablets and mix with 100 ml of boiled water at room temperature. The taste of this mixture is rather nasty, but it effectively fights poisoning.

You can also use instead of the usual white coal. It is believed that this is a selective, concentrated sorbent. It not only removes toxins, but also preserves nutrients. In this case, the dosage is halved: for an adult, 2-4 tablets, depending on the degree of poisoning.

Instead of coal, other sorbents can be used (according to the instructions). For example, "Smektu", "Laktofiltrum", "Enterosgel" and others.

Step 3: Drink plenty of water

Vomiting and diarrhea severely dehydrate the body - you need to replenish fluid losses and maintain water balance.

Drink at least 2-3 liters of boiled water per day.

You can also take special rehydration agents: Regidron, Oralit and others. These are powders and solutions containing mineral salts and glucose and prevent dehydration.

Other medicines

As for taking other drugs for toxic infections, there are several general rules:

• When active vomiting stops, you can use drugs that restore the intestinal microflora (Hilak Forte, Lineks, Mezim and others).
• If the temperature rises above 37.5 degrees, it must be brought down with antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen and others).
• It is not recommended to take painkillers: they can complicate the diagnosis in case of complications.
• Antimicrobial drugs (mainly antibiotics) are used in severe cases of toxic infection and are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

Step 4. Mode and diet

With a food infection, the patient feels severe weakness. should be adhered to bed rest and the first day to refuse food (if the appetite is disturbed and the body rejects food).

On the second or third day, you can afford jelly, crackers (without poppy seeds, raisins, vanilla and any other additives), as well as liquid mashed potatoes or oatmeal porridge cooked in water.

As active treatment symptoms recede - improvement should come in a few hours. Finally, the body returns to normal, as a rule, in for three days. But for a few more days, abdominal pain, weakness, and flatulence may persist.

If the main symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting, fever) do not decrease and do not pass more than six hours after the start of treatment, consult a doctor.

Step 5. Prevention

No one is immune from foodborne infections. But it is up to everyone to reduce their risk to a minimum.

1. Wash your hands before eating.
2. Keep the kitchen clean, follow the cooking technology.
3. Be picky about the quality of products when buying. For example, do not buy fish with an ammonia smell and a "rusty" coating. (All recommendations for choosing fish.)
4. Do not eat at dubious gastronomic establishments, do not drink tap water.

Follow these and other precautions and stay healthy!

Food poisoning- a non-contagious disease resulting from the consumption of food containing harmful microorganisms or substances toxic to the human body.

Food poisoning is a collective concept, as it can be caused by a number of various reasons However, the mechanism of the development of the disease, as well as its manifestation, are similar. All types of food poisoning are characterized by: general intoxication, inflammation of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as frequent development dehydration.

Types and classification of food poisoning

There are 2 main groups of food poisoning:

1. food poisoning microbial origin

• Toxic infections (Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. faecalis, etc.)
• Toxicosis
  • Bacterial (toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, Cl. botulinum.)
  • Fungal (toxins produced by Aspergilus, Fusarium, etc.)
• mixed

1. food poisoning non-microbial origin

• poisoning caused by poisonous plants and animal tissues
  • Plants poisonous in nature (henbane, belladonna, fly agaric, etc.)
  • Animal tissues that are poisonous in nature (organs of fish - barbel, pufferfish, Marinka, etc.)
  • herbal products, poisonous under certain conditions (green potatoes containing corned beef, raw bean beans, etc.)
  • Animal products that are poisonous under certain conditions (caviar, milk, liver of some fish during spawning mackerel, burbot, pike, etc.)
  • Poisoning by chemical impurities (pesticides, nitrates, compounds that got into the product from packaging materials, etc.)

1. Food poisoning of unknown cause.

The main causative agents of food poisoning: Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, E. coli, Bac. cereus, Str. Faecalis, as well as poorly studied Hafnia, Pseudomonas, Klebsiela, etc.

Toxicosis- an acute or chronic (in the case of fungal toxicosis) disease, in which the development of the disease occurs due to the action of a toxin that has accumulated on food products. The pathogen itself enters the body in small quantities. For example, when cheese is aged for a long time, only staphylococcal toxin can be preserved without a living microorganism.

General Mechanisms for the Development of Food Poisoning

Symptoms and signs of food poisoning

The first symptoms of poisoning

Regardless of the factor that caused the poisoning, the manifestations of the disease are similar and can be divided into 3 main groups of symptoms:

1. Symptoms of inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines (symptoms of gastroenterocolitis)
2. Symptoms of intoxication
3. Symptoms of dehydration

Symptoms of gastroenterocolitis

• Stomach ache
• Discomfort in the abdomen
• Nausea
• Vomit

Symptoms of intoxication

The main symptoms of intoxication:

• General weakness
• Chills
• Headache
• Increase in body temperature
• Pain in muscles and joints
• lethargy
• Nausea
• Vomit

Symptoms of dehydration

• General weakness
• Thirst
• Dryness of mucous membranes
• Increased heart rate
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomit
• Diarrhea
• Decreased urination

• The onset of the disease is acute, sudden (from 30 minutes to 7 days, more often 2-6 hours)
• The disease develops simultaneously in a group of individuals
• Usually, short current diseases (3-5 days)
• A clear connection of the disease with the use of a certain dish or product
• Food poisoning is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, and this is their main difference from infectious diseases.

First of all, it is necessary to single out such diseases as shigellosis and salmonellosis, which are inherently infectious diseases. However, they are often considered as food poisoning. These diseases are somewhat more severe than banal food poisoning and require close attention, especially in treatment.

Dairy food poisoning

Possible causative agents of the disease: Shigella Sonne, name of the disease shigellosis("city disease", dysentery), staphylococcus aureus, etc.

shigella- a bacterium, in the form of a rod with a rounded end. On products in the soil live up to 5-14 days. They die in the rays of direct sunlight within 30 minutes, when boiled instantly.

Cause:

1. There are carriers of Shigella Zone infection who hide their disease and do not want to seek medical help if they do not comply. sanitary regulations food contamination occurs. Contamination of sick food products occurs at various stages of the collection, transportation and sale of these products.
2. Insufficient disinfection or contamination of milk and dairy products directly at dairies and factories.
3. Dairy products are an excellent breeding ground for bacteria.
4. As a risk factor, sour cream, milk, cottage cheese, kefir, cream, and cheese are in the first place.

Symptoms of general intoxication:

• Onset is acute (1-7 days)
• General malaise
• moderate headache
• Usually the temperature is normal, the increase to 38 ° C and above is rare
• A sharp decrease in appetite

Symptoms of colitis (inflammation of the large intestine):

• Cramping pains, often on the left in the lower abdomen
• False urge to defecate(tenesmus)
• Frequent, skimpy chair (rectal spit) With large quantity cloudy mucus and streaks of blood, often more than 10 times a day

• Shigella excreted from feces

Meat, chicken, egg poisoning, protein poisoning

Salmonella- rod-shaped bacterium with rounded edges, mobile - has flagella over the entire surface.

Salmonella can survive in meat for up to 6 months, in frozen meat for more than six months, in eggs for up to 1 year or more, and on eggshells for up to 24 days. In the refrigerator, being in meat, salmonella not only survive, but are also able to multiply (at low positive temperatures). Salmonella at 70 ° C dies within 5-10 minutes, but in the thickness of a piece of meat it can withstand boiling for several hours.

Symptoms of poisoning:

Type of patient:

• Paleness, possible cyanosis of the extremities

• Onset is acute or hyperacute (from 2 hours to 72 hours)
• General malaise
• Headache
• temperature rise to 38°C and above
• A sharp decrease in appetite
• AT severe cases loss of consciousness, convulsions

• Cramping pains, mainly above and around the navel
• Stools are copious, watery, up to 10 times a day, greenish or dark brown, fetid odor, sometimes has the appearance of "swamp mud".
• There is no blood in the feces.

• Salmonella is isolated from vomit, feces. With a common form from the blood and urine.

Confectionery poisoning

Most often, staphylococcus enters food products from persons suffering from various purulent diseases (furunculosis, festering wounds, tonsillitis, sinusitis). Staphylococcus multiplies well in dairy products, especially in confectionery creams, etc. In the process of life, staphylococci secrete special kind toxin - enterotoxin, which causes poisoning. Enterotoxin does not change the taste or smell of food. The toxin is resistant to heat, able to withstand heating up to 100 C for 1-2 hours.

Symptoms and features of staphylococcal toxin poisoning:

• Rapid onset of illness (30-60 minutes after eating contaminated food)
• Nausea, most common symptom
• indomitable vomiting
• strong cutting pain in the abdomen, above the navel
• Body temperature is normal or low, rarely rises to 38-39 C, lasts several hours.
• lethargy
• Dizziness
• Diarrhea in 50% of cases, no more than 2-5 bowel movements per day, duration 1-3 days
• No blood or mucus in the stool
• Great chance development, convulsions and loss of consciousness

fish poisoning

However, there are fish poisonings that become poisonous on their own under certain conditions. For example, during the spawning of milk, the liver and caviar of such fish as pike, perch, burbot, barbel, beluga become poisonous, causing severe poisoning.

There are also poisonings that occur as an allergic reaction. After eating fish, symptoms such as redness of the skin, itching, swelling of the face, burning in the mouth, headache, nausea, and diarrhea may occur. This manifestation of poisoning is explained great content substances in fish causing symptoms allergies, such as histamine, etc. After the end of the action of histamine, all symptoms disappear without a trace, after about 7-8 hours. But for your own safety, it is better to take anti-allergic drugs (suprastin, cetirizine, etc.), and consult a doctor, because the development of a true allergic reaction to fish components cannot be ruled out.

Be careful when choosing fish

• It is strictly forbidden to eat fish with scales flying around, a swollen stomach, cloudy eyes.

• Fish stored at 1 °C
• Do not defrost fish unless you have decided what you are going to cook. Once thawed, the fish quickly begins to deteriorate and release dangerous toxins.

mushroom poisoning

Read more about mushroom poisoning in the article: mushroom poisoning

Canned food poisoning botulism

Read more about canned food poisoning in the article: Botulism

Emergency care for poisoning

Treatment of poisoning at home

Since the causes of the described condition can be very different - and food poisoning, and botulism, and salmonellosis, and rotavirus infection, remember the main rule: no antibiotics without a doctor's prescription! The best thing you can do in the condition described above without a doctor's prescription is to take a sorbent.
Since 2011, treatment standards have been in force in Russia according to infectious diseases in children from birth. According to them, the enterosorbent PEPIDOL is the drug of choice.
Once in the intestines, it works selectively - it kills harmful microbes, but does not touch the beneficial ones. Its composition water solution pectin, 3% for children and 5% for adults. As a result of the application, the condition, as a rule, normalizes within a day.

Scheme of administration: every three hours (4 times a day) at the age dosage, until the condition is completely normalized.

What to do?	How?	What for?
Do gastric lavage	See gastric lavage	Quick removal from the body of the remains of contaminated food, microorganisms and their toxins. Gastric lavage is most effective if performed for the first time hours after poisoning.
Cleanse the intestines in the absence of diarrhea.	Take a laxative or do an enema. Salt laxatives: Gauber salt - in a glass of water 1 tbsp. salt. Carlsbad salt - for half a glass of water 1 tbsp. a spoon Cleansing enema - high siphon enema (10 liters of water). A siphon enema is done on the same principle as gastric lavage with a thick probe. Only the probe is inserted into the large intestine 40 cm.	Diarrhea - natural process cleansing the body of harmful substances, so you should give some time to the body to independently remove all unnecessary. And you should not interfere with him, namely, immediately take antidiarrheal drugs.
Replenish fluid and minerals lost with vomiting and diarrhea.	Replenishment of fluid is made depending on the degree of dehydration 2 ways to replenish fluid: 1. Through the mouth (Per os) for patients with mild and moderate poisoning. Special solutions are used: Regidron Citraglucosol Glucosolan Regidron application: Dissolve 1 sachet in 1 liter boiled water(temperature 37-40 C). Drink should be in small sips, 1 glass (200 ml) for 10 minutes. For best efficiency for 1 hour you should drink 1-1.5 liters. The first stage of fluid replenishment lasts 1.5-3 hours, in 80% of cases it is enough to normalize the condition. However, with ongoing losses, the correction is carried out for another 2-3 days (stage II). At the first stage of treatment, the calculation of the required fluid is made based on the degree of dehydration and the weight of the patient: I degree 30-40 ml/kg II-III degree 40-70 ml/kg At the second stage of treatment, the required volume of fluid is determined based on the volume of fluid lost with vomiting and diarrhea in the next day. 2.Intravenous infusion: trisol quartasol chlosol The speed and volume of infusions depends on the degree of dehydration and the patient's body weight: Severe degree - 60-120 ml / kg, 70-90 ml / min Moderate degree - 55-75 ml / kg, 60-80 ml / min	Timely started replenishment of lost fluid and minerals, quickly normalizes general state, accelerates the elimination of toxins from the body, prevents severe metabolic disorders. Contraindications for the use of oral solutions: infectious-toxic shock indomitable vomiting fluid loss more than 1.5 l/h diabetes malabsorption of glucose dehydration II-III degree with unstable circulation In case of contraindication to oral therapy, intravenous replacement therapy is performed.
In most cases, the above actions are enough to improve the general condition and the onset of a speedy recovery. However, with concomitant chronic diseases (chronic pancreatitis, cholecystitis, etc.), treatment must be supplemented with some more drugs.
Take an enterosorbent - a drug that binds toxins.	Filtrum: 2-3 tab. 3-4 times a day, 3-5 days course. White coal: 3-4 times a day, 3-4 tab. Enterosgel: One and a half tablespoons 3 times a day Polysorb: 1 tables. place a spoon with a top in 100 ml of water. 3-4 times a day, 3-5 days.	The drugs bind microbes and their toxins. Reduce the symptoms of intoxication, improve the general condition, speed up recovery.
reduce pain	Duspitalin 1 caps. 2 times a day No-shpa 1 tab. 3 times a day	The drugs relieve spasms that occur during poisoning, thereby eliminating pain.
Protect the lining of the stomach and intestines	Take astringents and enveloping agents: Kassirsky powder: 1 powder 3 times a day; bismuth subsalicylate - 2 tab. four times a day.	Protects the mucous membrane from irritation and damage, helps to reduce pain.
Take an antiseptic (for severe diarrhea)	Intetrix: 1-2 cap. 3-4 p. per day for 3-5 days Intestopan: 1-2 tons 4-6 times a day, duration 5-10 days	It has a detrimental effect on the causative agent of the disease. It has antimicrobial, antifungal and antiprotozoal activity.
Take Enzymes	Mezim Festal Panzinorm 1 tablet 3 times a day with meals. For 7-14 days after poisoning.	As adjuvant therapy, given possible violations secretion of digestive glands and insufficiency of secretion of digestive enzymes.
Restore intestinal microflora	Normase, 75 ml per day, for 2-3 weeks Biococktail "NK" During acute diarrhea 2-3 tablespoons, 3-4 times a day, 1-2 days. After that, 1-2 tbsp. 3 times a day for 1-3 months. You can use other eubiotics: bactisubtil (1 caps. 3-6 r. per day, before meals) linex (2 caps. 3 times a day), bifidumbacterin forte The duration of treatment is 2 weeks.	Normaze - lactulose, which is part of the drug, promotes the growth of healthy microflora, thereby preventing the development of putrefactive. Biococktail is an ecological clean food product, normalizes the intestinal microflora, binds, neutralizes and removes toxins from the body.
Specific treatment for food poisoning caused by shigella: Antibacterial drugs: The drug of choice is furazolidone. Application: 4 times a day, 0.1 g for 5-7 days With moderate severity of the disease - Biseptol, Application: 2 p. 2 tablets per day, for 5-7 days. In severe cases, ampicillin Application: 4 times a day, 0.5 g, for 5-7 days.
Some features of the treatment of poisoning caused by salmonella: Antimicrobials for gastrointestinal form diseases are not shown. In the presence of carriage of Salmonella, a Salmonella bacteriophage is indicated, 2 tab. 3 times a day, 30 min. before meals, 5-7 days. Patients with salmonellosis are admitted to the team only after full recovery.

Poisoning, treatment with folk remedies

• Bath or sauna help to actively remove toxins from the body.
• Decoction of dill with honey. For 200 ml of water 1 tsp. dry grass or 1 tbsp. fresh greens. Boil for 20 minutes on low heat, cool, add boiled water to the initial volume, then add 1 tbsp. l. honey. It is recommended to drink the decoction within 30 minutes. before meals 100 ml . Dill has an analgesic effect, relieves spasms, accelerates the elimination of toxins, due to an increase in urination. Normalizes work digestive tract. Honey relieves inflammation, has bactericidal properties, binds toxins, contains healing composition vitamins and minerals.
• Althea infusion. 1 tbsp chopped marshmallow root, pour 200 ml of boiling water, close the lid and leave for 30 minutes. Strain, drink 1 tbsp. before meals 4-5 times a day.

• Ginger tea. Pour 1 tsp. ground ginger 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 20 minutes. Drink 1 tablespoon every 30-60 minutes. Ginger actively binds toxins and promotes their removal. It has antibacterial properties, eliminates spasms, strengthens the immune mechanisms of the body.
• water with lemon juice, rosehip tea, mountain ash. Drinks contain a large amount of vitamin C, which is involved in the processes of neutralization and elimination of toxins. In addition, other vitamins and minerals found in drinks well replenish the micro and macro elements lost with vomiting and diarrhea.
• During the day, instead of eating, it is recommended to use decoctions of rice and flaxseed. Prepare rice water: for 1 part of rice, 7 parts of water, boil for 10 minutes, take 1/3 cup 6 times a day.

Diet for poisoning, what can you eat?

Diet number 4
Diet with restriction of fats and carbohydrates and a normal content of proteins. Products that have a mechanical and chemical effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa (milk, sweets, legumes), products that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, as well as products that stimulate gastric secretion and bile secretion (sauces, spices, snacks) are excluded.

• Free liquid 1.5-2 liters
• The energy value– 2100 kcal
• Diet 5-6 times a day
• Dishes are wiped, boiled or steamed.
• Recommended: soups, non-concentrated broths, boiled low-fat fish, cereals on the water (from rice, buckwheat, oatmeal), mashed potatoes, kissels, cottage cheese, dried White bread, biscuits, tea, rosehip decoctions, blueberry jelly.
• Exclude: bakery and flour products, milk and dairy products, legumes, fruits and vegetables, sweets, fatty varieties meat, fish, canned food, soups with cereals and vegetables.

Poison prevention

• Correctly determine the suitability of the product for consumption, discard "suspicious" products, especially if:
  • Product has expired or is about to expire
  • The seal of the package is broken
  • Smell, taste, color of the product changed
  • Uncharacteristic product consistency (heterogeneous, layered)
  • The appearance of bubbles during stirring, sediment on the bottom, transparency is broken, etc.
• Don't experiment with eating raw eggs
• It is better to refrain from snacking on the go from the stalls
• Putting food in the fridge while you're at it.
• Do not defrost food in the place where you will cook later.
• It is good to thermally process foods, especially meat, fish, eggs. Food cannot be marinated at room temperature.
• Protect products from contact with insects, rodents and other animals that may be carriers of harmful microorganisms.
• Wash hands thoroughly before eating food. Wash should be at least 20-30 seconds with soap, preferably under warm water.
• Keep kitchen utensils clean. Kitchen surfaces should be wiped down both before and after cooking.
• Be sure to wash vegetables and fruits well before eating.

In case of intoxication, it is important to start taking measures aimed at removing harmful substances from the body as early as possible, so the question of what drugs can be taken in case of poisoning at home is very relevant.

Why you can get food poisoning

Under food intoxication It is customary to understand the violation of the functions of organs and systems caused by the ingress of toxins or poisons. By severity There are three types of poisoning: severe, moderate and mild.

The most common pathogens include:

• clostridium perfringens, enters the body as a result of poor-quality processing of meat, poultry, fish;
• Staphylococcus aureus, actively multiplies at room temperature. The most likely habitats are salads, dairy products, cakes, pastes, sauces;
• bacillus cereus, all perishable products that have not been provided with storage at temperatures up to 6 ° C are susceptible.

Particularly dangerous natural and chemical toxins that can cause food poisoning in the home are found in poisonous mushrooms and berries, low-quality, expired food. Poisoning can also be caused by carelessly washed fruits and vegetables, which were previously treated with pesticides used to fertilize plants. Alcohol, surrogates can also be attributed to the same category. Thus, there are known cases of deaths from poisoning methyl alcohol. Food chemical intoxication occurs when vinegar enters the stomach.

Symptoms of food poisoning:

1. Bacterial: vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and colic, diarrhea.
2. Viral: fever, chills, trembling, stomach pain, vomiting, fever.
3. Chemical: increased sweating, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, eye pain.
4. Botulism: the central nervous system is affected, vomiting, dry mouth, weakness appear.

If you suspect food poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor, especially if it concerns children. However, access to medical care is not always available.

At acute pathology must be taken emergency measures, including gastric lavage, taking sorbent drugs and restoring the water-salt balance. It is of great importance to organize the right diet food. The final stage of treatment is restorative procedures, which include taking multivitamin complexes. As a rule, recovery occurs in 3-5 days.

Clinical picture of food poisoning

The first symptoms of the disease appear during the first 2-6 hours after eating contaminated or low-quality food. With severe food poisoning, clinical signs may develop in the first hours.

Please note that in the case of botulism, the first signs of the disease may develop after 1-2 days.

In case of food poisoning, the following symptoms develop:

• nausea followed by vomiting. Vomit may consist of the remnants of food eaten, bile, gastric juice. Vomiting brings temporary relief, but then the nausea returns;
• abdominal pain can be localized in the stomach or be of the type of intestinal colic;
• an increase in body temperature is possible with an intestinal infection or with the development of inflammatory complications such as gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis. With salmonellosis, it can rise to 39.5 degrees;
• diarrhea develops in the first hours of the disease. With salmonellosis, the stool is frothy, greenish, and with dysentery - watery, streaked with blood. Diarrhea may be accompanied by abdominal cramps. profuse diarrhea leads to a rapid increase in dehydration;
• flatulence and increased gas discharge is accompanied by pain in the intestinal area;
• general weakness, dizziness accompany intoxication syndrome. The patient becomes lethargic, drowsy;
• tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), hypotension (low blood pressure) are signs of a toxic effect on the body of food and fluid loss. When poisoned by some types of mushrooms, an increase in blood pressure is possible. With severe dehydration, the pulse becomes weak, arrhythmic;
• respiratory failure develops with intoxication of the body. The person breathes often, superficially, complains of shortness of breath;
• convulsions throughout the body, similar to an epileptic seizure, are characteristic of damage to the nervous system by toxins. This is possible with intoxication with mushrooms, fish, alcohol;
• impaired consciousness, deep coma - signs serious condition sick. They develop in acute poisoning, infectious-toxic shock.

Please note that in small children the condition worsens faster than in adults. Their body is very difficult to cope with toxins and loss of fluid, electrolytes.

What is the danger of food poisoning

Many are used to considering food poisoning as a harmless and trifling condition in which you do not need to seek medical help. Indeed, mild poisoning in most cases does not pose a danger to human life, but only a doctor after examining a patient can specifically assess the severity of the disease and the condition of the patient.

The following are conditions that often develop against a background of severe food poisoning:

• Infectious-toxic shock is a condition caused by severe intoxication and copious loss liquids. Shock is accompanied by disruption of cardio-vascular system, respiration, brain and kidneys.
• Acute gastritis develops with severe poisoning of the stomach with toxins. The mucous membrane of this organ becomes inflamed. The patient's temperature rises, the condition worsens.
• Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. The patient feels unbearable girdle pain in the abdomen, he has uncontrollable vomiting, the level of glucose in the blood may decrease and bruises appear on the skin near the navel. The temperature rises above 38 degrees. This condition requires urgent surgical intervention.
• Acute violation of the kidneys is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of urine, swelling, pain in the lower back.
• Gastrointestinal bleeding is a complication of food poisoning that often occurs in patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Black vomiting and stool develops, severe weakness, pale skin, tachycardia.

Cleansing the body

These procedures are necessary, it is with them that treatment for food poisoning should begin. The purpose of manipulation is to help the stomach get rid of food debris that caused intoxication and harmful toxins.

Even if poisoning is accompanied severe vomiting, this is not enough to completely cleanse the body. She will have to be called naturally using a special solution.

Washing should take place in the following order:

1. Prepare a solution of potassium permanganate (water should be pale pink). In the absence of potassium permanganate, you can use the usual drinking soda(1 tablespoon per 2 liters of boiled water at room temperature).
2. Drink 300-400 ml of solution.
3. induce vomiting by artificial means by pressing the fingers on the root of the tongue.
4. Repeat the procedure a few more times. The number of doses of the solution drunk at a time should be at least 500 ml.

Together with the first vomiting, the main part of the food will come out, but the gastric lavage can be stopped only when the liquid ejected from the stomach becomes absolutely clean and transparent.

The absence of the urge to vomit means that the product that caused the poisoning has moved from the stomach to the intestines. In this case, the washing procedure is already ineffective and meaningless.

Diarrhea, like vomiting, is nothing more than a protective reaction of the body to toxins that have entered the gastrointestinal tract. Some patients make a common mistake - they try to stop this phenomenon with the help of drugs, for example, imodium and its analogues. It should be understood that diarrhea is the fastest and most effective way to get rid of harmful substances. The retention of feces will lead to the fact that the processes of absorption of toxic poisons and their decay will continue, therefore, the patient's condition will worsen. The question of taking antidiarrheal drugs can only be decided by the attending physician.

If the patient does not have diarrhea, you need to call it with laxatives or enemas. But folk remedies that can provoke diarrhea, it is better not to use, so as not to aggravate the course of the disease.

Reception of sorbents

The next step in the treatment of food poisoning is the introduction of sorbent preparations into the body. The action of these funds is aimed at absorbing harmful elements into themselves. contained in the stomach, and their speedy excretion.

The most common sorbent used for intoxication is activated charcoal. This medicine in the form of standard black tablets can be found in any home first aid kit and it helps a lot with poisoning. Coal should be used at the rate of one tablet per 10 kilograms of weight. The medicine can be taken in two ways: chew and drink plenty of liquid or dilute in boiled water.

In case of poisoning, you can also take white activated charcoal, which is available in tablets or powder. It is believed that, unlike black, it removes toxins, but does not affect the beneficial elements that are in the body.

Another advantage white sorbent is the dosage: 2-3 tablets are enough (depending on the age and individual characteristics of the patient, the degree of poisoning).

• smecta;
• enterosgel;
• lactofiltrum;
• attapulgite;
• polysorb;
• polyphepan.

Data medicines contribute rapid withdrawal toxic substances by adsorption. They should be used in the interval between taking other drugs, in the period of absence of vomiting.. Contraindications to taking such drugs include high fever, stomach ulcers. The elderly and young children should be used with caution, after consulting a doctor.

Restoration of water-salt balance

Vomiting and diarrhea are natural reaction the body for toxins, however, they also contribute to the excretion of useful substances and fluids. It must be replenished. During illness the patient should drink a lot to maintain water balance. Mineral water without gas is best suited for this purpose.

To maintain electrolyte balance, drinking water with a small amount of water is recommended. table salt(not marine). The solution is prepared from 1 liter of water and 1 tsp. salt. At least 2-2.5 liters of salted water should be drunk per day. At the same time, you must comply certain rule: a glass of water an hour before a meal, after a meal you can not drink for an hour. Thus, the stomach will be prepared for the next meal and begin to properly secrete gastric juice.

To restore the mineral balance, the use of rehydron and oralit preparations is indicated.(contain trace elements, glucose and salts).

In case of poisoning, you can also drink weak sweet black or green tea, a decoction of chamomile or wild rose.

Medical treatment for poisoning

After cleansing the body for recovery intestinal microflora regenerative therapy with probiotics is indicated. Normal intestinal biocenosis after intoxication is almost always disturbed, therefore after recovery, it is recommended to take medications containing beneficial bacteria . These include Hilak Forte, Lineks, Bionorm, Bioflor.

If food poisoning is accompanied by fever, antipyretic drugs (ibuprofen, paracetamol) should be taken.

Self-medication is dangerous! Antibiotics, pain medications, as well as specific drugs (antiemetics and antidiarrheals, etc.) are prescribed by a doctor!

Therapeutic diet

During the period acute intoxication the patient, as a rule, does not feel the desire to eat. However, this does not mean that he should refuse to eat. A weakened body needs strength to fight the disease. Besides the stomach and intestines cannot fully restore the epithelium without food is problematic. Of course, neither an adult nor a child who does not want to eat can be forced, but specially in medicinal purposes hunger is not practiced.

During poisoning, a strict diet should be followed, since the gastrointestinal tract does not work properly and cannot cope with large amounts of food.

During the period of poisoning are prohibited:

• fatty, salty, heavy foods;
• dairy products, including milk;
• products fast food, semi-finished products;
• alcohol;
• sauces, ketchup, mayonnaise;
• fruits, vegetables, raw berries;
• sweet.

You need to eat 5 times a day, in small portions. Food must be boiled or steamed. Fried food is excluded.

The patient's diet should consist of:

• mashed potatoes on water, without oil;
• boiled rice;
• oatmeal, semolina porridge (on the water);
• chicken meat;
• crackers, biscuit cookies;
• low-fat broths.

It is allowed to use bananas as fruits enriched nutrients, and watermelons, which have a diuretic effect.

When is hospitalization necessary?

Food poisoning can be successfully treated at home, but in some cases, qualified medical assistance is needed. Hospitalization is indicated for children under the age of three. In children, intoxication treatment should be carried out only under the supervision of medical personnel., as diarrhea and vomiting will very quickly lead to dehydration. small child it is almost impossible to force him to drink, and in the hospital he will be given intravenous rehydration solutions. Pregnant women and the elderly are also hospitalized.

Treatment in a hospital setting is indicated for:

• intoxication caused by poisonous plants and fungi;
• severe form of poisoning;
• diarrhea (more than 10-12 times a day);
• high temperature;
• diarrhea with blood;
• persistent vomiting;
• an increase in the symptoms of the disease;
• bloating;
• loss of consciousness;
• excessive weakness.

With any of these signs, you should immediately call an ambulance team.

Recovery period after poisoning

Any poisoning is stressful for all organs and systems. It is important to know what to do after poisoning. When you leave the hospital, your doctor will give you advice on proper nutrition and outpatient treatment.

In the first 2 weeks, the patient should follow a diet, stop smoking, drinking alcohol, fried, smoked, fatty and spicy.

To restore the intestinal microflora, probiotics are prescribed - preparations that contain beneficial bacteria. In case of complications (gastritis, cholecystitis), they are treated.

Folk remedies for food poisoning

Folk methods of dealing with intoxication have not been canceled, however they should be used after consulting a doctor and only when mild degree poisoning.

Infusion of cinnamon

Cinnamon is a natural antispasmodic and natural absorbent. Cinnamon infusion is prepared as follows: pour a pinch of dried and crushed bark into 250 ml of hot water, let it brew for 15-20 minutes. Strained broth to drink during the day in small doses. The recommended volume is 1.5 liters.

A decoction of yarrow and wormwood

Medicinal plants that effectively cleanse the stomach of toxins, brew 1 tablespoon, pour a liter of boiling water. Let it brew for 15 minutes, strain. Broth divided by 5 equal parts, drink throughout the day.

You can use all types of plants - roots, flowers, leaves, as they contribute to a speedy recovery. Marshmallow (1 teaspoon of roots or 2 tablespoons of flowers and leaves) pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 4 hours. Drink 3 times a day. You can add half a teaspoon of honey.

Dill decoction with honey

Honey promotes the retention of potassium, which is excreted during diarrhea and vomiting.. Dill reduces pain in the abdomen, facilitates vomiting, and promotes the rapid removal of toxins. A teaspoon of dill seeds brew 1.5 cups of boiling water, boil for 3 minutes. Cool, strain, add a teaspoon of beekeeping product to the warm broth. In case of food poisoning at home, the infusion should be taken at least 1 liter per day.

How to avoid food poisoning

Preventive measures to prevent intoxication are reduced to compliance with the necessary hygiene procedures, eating only high-quality products, their correct shelf life.

1. Observe personal hygiene.
2. Be careful with vegetables and fruits.
3. Do not buy products with broken sealed packaging.
4. Do not eat expired food.
5. Do not hesitate to throw away cloudy drinks with sediment, foods with bad smell and taste, as well as ready-made meals that have stood in the refrigerator for more than three days.
6. Eat only those mushrooms and berries that you are sure of.
7. When cooking, follow the rules of heat treatment.
8. Boil homemade milk first.
9. Drink boiled water.
10. Destroy cockroaches, flies, rodents in your house - they are carriers of bacteria.
11. Store raw and cooked meats on separate shelves in the refrigerator.

Follow these simple precautions and you will never experience food poisoning.

Acute food poisoning is digestive disorder, which is caused by the entry of pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms into the human gastrointestinal tract. According to medical statistics, most poisonings are due to the use of low-quality or expired food products, which cause signs of acute intoxication of the body. This also includes mushroom poisoning, chemicals, poisonous plants, alcohol intoxication. It is very important that help in case of food poisoning be provided to the patient as soon as possible.

Each food poisoning is conditionally divided into two main types:

1. infectious poisoning;
2. non-infectious poisoning.

To infectious process lead protozoa, viruses and microbes (in another way it is called PTI or food poisoning). Non-infectious poisoning or toxic is the result of toxic substances entering the body while taking poisonous mushrooms, poisons or heavy metals.

Features of food intoxication

Signs of food poisoning

In order to know what to do in case of food poisoning, it is enough to be able to recognize the first signs of the disease. Usually the cause for concern arises within a day from the moment of ingestion of low-quality food. To typical features intoxication can be attributed to an increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees. There is a general malaise, indigestion, there is a loss of appetite.

The patient is disturbed sharp pains in the abdomen, repeated stools and vomiting. Goes strong salivation, spasms and constant urge to vomit (false). A person is covered with sticky sweat, feels dizzy and weak with a decrease in blood pressure. Such symptoms last for three days and then begin to gradually subside.
Severe poisoning with neurotoxic poisons leads to disruption of the brain, impaired vision and loss of consciousness. There is double vision, paresis, hallucinations, paralysis, weight loss and in some cases coma occurs.

The most dangerous food poisoning is botulism, listerism and salmonellosis. For children, pregnant women and the elderly, it may end lethal outcome. Signs appear a few hours after the ingestion of toxic substances into the body.

First aid for food poisoning will be most effective during the incubation period, which lasts from 2 to 6 hours. It was during this period clinical manifestations have a clear picture. A sick person can be contagious to other people, and therefore it is necessary to immediately isolate him from society and provide him with separate personal hygiene items and utensils.

by the most hazardous products foods that can cause food poisoning are long-term foods, or freshly prepared meals contaminated with germs from a sick person.

Signs of expired food

• expiration date;
• violation of the integrity of the package;
• change in taste and color;
• the presence of sediment, turbidity;
• gas bubbles;
• bad smell.

Types of intestinal infection

There are such types of intestinal infections:

1. enteritis;
2. cholera;
3. ciguatera;
4. listeriosis;
5. salmonellosis;
6. coli;
7. dysentery;
8. staphylococcus.

With enteritis, the infectious agent enters the body through poorly processed meat, vegetables or fruits. Enteritis leads to severe indigestion and may result in the death of the patient.

The causative agent of cholera can be found in contaminated water bodies, raw foods, stale seafood. It causes damage to the small intestine and occurs with severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration.

Ciguatera causes food poisoning when eating tropical fish. The pathogen does not die even after heat treatment or during the freezing process. Such poisoning leads to irreversible neurological consequences. Therefore, in order not to wonder later what to do in case of food poisoning with an exotic product, it is better not to eat such foods until you are sure that they are safe for health.

Listeriosis refers to diseases caused by Listeria, which enter the body through poorly processed foods, raw meat, canned food, and contaminated soil. It has similar symptoms to the flu and rarely ends with meningitis.

Salmonellosis is caused by salmonella found on raw meat and eggs. Salmonellosis causes severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

E. coli is found in raw beef meat, vegetables, and contaminated foods. Leads to acute pain in the abdomen, high fever and severe diarrhea.

Dysentery has similar symptoms to salmonellosis and is caused by shigella, which penetrates directly into colon. The main route of transmission is unwashed hands. Dysentery causes bloody diarrhea and bloating.

Staphylococcus enters the human body along with contaminated food and releases its toxins into the blood. The first signs appear immediately after the use of low-quality products.

Diagnosis of food poisoning

Diagnosis of food poisoning is based on blood cultures, vomit, feces, and contaminated foods. characteristic clinical picture also is the defeat of a certain group of people at once after consuming the same products.

A viral infection is diagnosed using a rapid analysis. Toxic defeat can be detected through examination of foods and blood tests for toxins.

First aid for poisoning

Usually sick intestinal poisoning he is immediately hospitalized in a hospital, where he is given first aid, and the doctor prescribes what to drink in case of poisoning in order to improve his general condition.

In case of poisoning, what to do?

First of all, the stomach is washed with a weak solution of manganese or soda solution, washing is carried out until clean waters free of blood or mucus. At home, before the arrival of the medical team, you can drink several cups of water on your own and try to make yourself vomit. Clear lower section intestines can be done with an enema with a saline solution or a solution of potassium permanganate.

In case of poisoning, what to take?

It is possible to accelerate the elimination of toxins from the body by introducing enterosorbents. These include activated charcoal, enterosgel, smecta and other drugs. At prolonged diarrhea it is recommended to take nifuroxolide. To replenish the loss of fluid in the body, it is advisable to take rehydron or saline. If none of these medicines are available at home, you can replace them with rosehip decoction, chamomile decoction, or mineral water. Green tea is also good. It is necessary to constantly replenish the body with fluid in order to avoid dehydration.

The patient should eat from separate dishes and use a separate towel. In case of toxic infection, in no case should you take antibiotics, sulfonamides, or other medications without a doctor's prescription.

Help with alcohol poisoning

Before the arrival of an ambulance, you should try to bring the patient out of a faint with a cotton swab with ammonia brought to the nose. You can try to clear the stomach of toxins by inducing vomiting. To do this, drink chamomile decoction or manganese solution. After that, you need to wrap the person in a warm blanket and let him drink warm tea.

Prevention of poisoning

It is much easier to try to avoid food poisoning than to be treated for its consequences for a long time. Food must be of high quality heat treatment in compliance with the rules of hygiene.

In the room where the products are prepared, regular cleaning with the use of disinfectants should be carried out. You should not eat spoiled or low-quality products, products with an unknown expiration date. Perishable foods should be eaten first and not stored past their expiration date.
During outdoor recreation, you need to monitor hygiene and try to prevent insects from eating. Water is best passed through a filter or boiled. It is not recommended to buy homemade canned food, fish, pickles, marinades and meat that have not passed veterinary control on the market. Before purchasing products, it is desirable (if possible) to examine their color and smell.