What are the consequences of bad habits? Need a message on the topic: Bad habits. Drug use

Bad habits of a person are actions that are automatically repeated a large number of times and can harm the health of a person or those around him.

Bad habits of a person are the result of a weak will. If he cannot force himself to stop doing certain actions that in the future may be harmful to health, then gradually it turns into a habit that is quite difficult to get rid of.

What are bad habits

Influence bad habits on human life and health can be different. Some of them (alcoholism, drug addiction) modern medicine sees it as a disease. Others are classified as not beneficial actions caused by imbalance nervous system.

The following are the main bad habits of modern man:

• smoking;
• addiction;
• alcoholism;
• gambling addiction;
• shopaholism;
• Internet and television addiction;
• binge eating;
• the habit of picking the skin or biting the nails;
• clicking joints.

The main causes of bad habits

The most common reasons for the development of bad habits in humans are:

Social consistency - if in the social group to which a person belongs, this or that model of behavior, for example, smoking, is considered the norm, then most likely he will also follow it in order to prove his belonging to this group, hence the fashion for bad habits arises;

Unsettled life and alienation;

Pleasure is one of the main reasons why the influence of bad habits is so great, it is the constant obtaining of pleasure that leads to the fact that people become alcoholics or drug addicts;

Idleness, inability to properly manage free time;

Curiosity;

Stress relief.

Bad habits and their impact on human health

But of course, the most severe consequences are the habits of using drugs, nicotine and alcohol, which quickly develop into addiction and can lead to the development of a number of complications, up to death.

Tobacco smoking is one of the types of household drug addiction, the essence of which is to inhale the smoke of herbal preparations containing nicotine in its composition, which from the respiratory organs quickly enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body, including the brain.

The health risks of smoking are as follows:

• greatly increases the risk of developing cancer, pathologies respiratory system, SSS and so on;
• calcium is washed out of the body, the skin of the face ages, fingers become yellow, teeth deteriorate, the structure of hair and nails is destroyed;
• the work of the gastrointestinal tract worsens, the development of peptic ulcer is possible;
• vessels become fragile and weak, lose their elasticity;
• oxygen supply to the brain deteriorates, hypertension develops.

Alcoholism is nothing more than a drug addiction of the body, in which a person feels a painful craving for alcohol. With this disease, not only mental, but also physical addiction person from alcohol. Alcoholism is severe internal organs(especially the liver) and personality degradation occurs.

Drinking alcohol does not always lead to the development of alcoholism. Whether a person becomes an alcoholic or not depends on many factors. These are heredity, willpower, frequency of drinking and volume of alcohol, habitat, individual characteristics of the body, mental or emotional predisposition, and so on.

The systematic use of alcohol leads to the following consequences:

• declining immune defense body, a person often gets sick;
• there is a gradual destruction of the liver;
• the work of the nervous and digestive systems of the body worsens;
• increased blood glucose levels;
• among alcoholics, there is a high level of mortality due to accidents, suicides, poisoning with low-quality alcohol;
• the work of the brain gradually worsens, the person begins to lose memory and degrades.

Drug addiction is perhaps the most powerful and dangerous bad habit that has long been recognized as a disease. Drug addiction is a person's dependence on the use of drugs. The disease has several phases of the course and gradually developing syndromes.

The harm that drugs do to the human body is great. Listed below are the most serious consequences addiction:

Significant reduction in life expectancy;

An increased risk of infection with the most dangerous and often incurable diseases(HIV, hepatitis);

High mortality among drug addicts from accidents, suicides, overdoses and drug poisoning;

Rapid aging of the body;

Development of mental and somatic abnormalities;

The strongest degradation of the personality;

criminal behavior.

How to deal with bad habits

What are the methods and ways to deal with bad habits, and which one is the most effective? There is no definite answer to this question. It all depends on so many factors - the degree of dependence, the willpower of a person, the individual characteristics of the organism.

But the most important thing is a person's desire to start new life without bad habbits. He must be fully aware of his problem and admit that he is an alcoholic or drug addict.

Without the desire of the person himself to get rid of the addiction, it is extremely difficult, and often impossible, to carry out treatment.

All methods of dealing with bad habits are divided into three groups:

• gradual reduction in the consumption of harmful substances;
• struggle with desires and refusal of a habit;
• replacing one habit with another.

For example, many people quit smoking gradually, reducing the number of cigarettes they smoke every day. This is a lengthy process and final stage When you need to completely give up smoking, many people find it very difficult.

But the drugs must be abandoned immediately. This leads to the most difficult condition of the body, breaking, when the remnants of narcotic drugs leave the body. It is impossible to solve the problem in any other way, in this case gradualness is not an option.

Prevention of bad habits

Unfortunately, there is still no focus on the prevention of bad habits. noteworthy. The effect of various commercials, signs and posters is not great. Often a person in trouble is left alone with his problem. Friends and relatives turn away from him, which makes the probability of overcoming the disease extremely low.

The path to a life without bad habits always begins with the awareness of the problem. If a person does not see harm in his actions (believing, for example, that he is not an alcoholic, but just drinks sometimes, like everyone else and there is nothing wrong with that), then a cure is almost impossible.

In medicine, the prevention of bad habits is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary. Let us explain this with the example of alcoholism.

The essence of primary prevention is to prevent the use of alcohol by persons who have not previously consumed it. Such prevention is aimed at young people, adolescents, children.

Target audience secondary prevention are people who already know the taste of alcohol or those representatives of society who have the first signs of the formation of alcohol dependence.

Tertiary prevention is predominantly medical and is aimed at alcoholics.

It should be remembered that in order for people to give up bad habits, it is not enough just to scare them. dire consequences alcohol, tobacco or drug use. We need special comprehensive programs operating at the state level.

State support is needed for the development of sports, the creation of employment places for children and adolescents, the use of hotlines and telephones for psychological assistance, the creation of new modern drug treatment centers.

The mass media should actively promote a healthy lifestyle, form an understanding in the minds of young people that it is fashionable not to drink and smoke, but to play sports.

It is necessary to conduct special classes on the dangers of alcoholism, smoking and drug addiction in schools. Moreover, they should not be boring, but interesting. Not only teachers, but also psychologists, narcologists, former alcoholics and drug addicts, who can tell children by example what bad habits lead to.

In conclusion, I would like to note once again that in the end, the decision on whether to start smoking, drinking or taking drugs is made by the person himself. It depends on him how his life will turn out, whether he can become a full-fledged member of society or not.

Preventing bad habits can help someone make right decision and even if one person, after talking with a psychologist or watching social advertising, says no to bad habits, this will already be a sign that everything was done for a reason!

Introduction

Tobacco smoking

Alcohol

Reasons for drinking alcohol

Harm of alcohol

Addiction

psychoactive drugs

Drugs and health

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The problem of alcohol, tobacco and drug use is very relevant today. Now their consumption is characterized by huge numbers. The whole society suffers from this, but first of all, the younger generation is at risk: children, adolescents, youth, as well as the health of expectant mothers.

After all, alcohol, tobacco and drugs have a particularly active effect on the unformed organism, gradually destroying it.

The consequences of bad habits are obvious. It has been proven that when they enter the body, it spreads through the blood to all organs and adversely affects them up to destruction. This is especially true for muscle tissue and mental activity.

In particular: with the systematic use of alcohol develops dangerous disease- alcoholism; with prolonged smoking - lung cancer and gum disease; with even a short-term use of narcotic substances - the destruction of the brain, and, consequently, the PERSONALITY.

Tobacco smoking

Smoking is one of the worst habits.

Studies have proven that the harm of smoking in tobacco smoke containing more than 30 toxic substances: Nicotine, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocyanic acid, Ammonia, Resinous substances, Organic acids, etc.

1-2 packs of cigarettes contain a lethal dose of nicotine. The smoker is saved by the fact that this dose is introduced into the body not immediately, but fractionally. In addition, some of the nicotine neutralizes formaldehyde, another poison found in tobacco. Within 30 years, such a smoker smokes approximately 20,000 cigarettes, or 160 kg of tobacco, ingesting an average of 800 g of nicotine. It is this dose that enters the bloodstream daily after smoking 20-25 cigarettes (one cigarette contains approximately 6-8 mg of nicotine, of which 3-4 mg enters the bloodstream). The systematic absorption of small, non-lethal doses of nicotine causes a habit, an addiction to smoking. Statistics show that compared to non-smokers, long-term smokers are 13 times more likely to get sick

Angina pectoris, 12 times - myocardial infarction, 10 times - stomach ulcer.

Smokers make up 96 - 100% of all lung cancer patients. Every seventh for a long time a smoker suffers from obliterating endarteritis - a serious disease of the blood vessels.

Nicotine is a nerve poison. In observations of people, it has been established that nicotine in small doses excites nerve cells, promotes increased respiration and heart rate, heart rhythm disturbances, nausea and vomiting. In large doses, it inhibits and then paralyzes the activity of cells

CNS including autonomic. A disorder of the nervous system is manifested by a decrease in working capacity, trembling of the hands, and a weakening of memory.

Nicotine also affects the glands internal secretion, in particular, on the adrenal glands, which at the same time secrete a hormone into the blood - Adrenaline, spasmodic blood vessels, increased blood pressure and increased heart rate. Adversely affecting the sex glands, nicotine contributes to the development of sexual weakness in men - impotence! Therefore, her treatment begins with the fact that the patient is offered to stop smoking.

Smoking is especially harmful to children and teenagers. The nervous and circulatory systems, which are not yet strong, react painfully to tobacco.

In addition to nicotine negative impact other constituents of tobacco smoke. When carbon monoxide enters the body, oxygen starvation develops, due to the fact that carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin more easily than oxygen and is delivered with blood to all human tissues and organs. Cancer in smokers occurs 20 times more often than in non-smokers.

How longer man smokes, the more likely he is to die from this serious disease. Statistical studies have shown that smokers often have cancerous tumors in other organs - the esophagus, stomach, larynx, kidneys. Smokers often get cancer lower lip due to the carcinogenic effect of the extract accumulating in the mouthpiece of the tube and in the filter.

Smoking often leads to the development chronic bronchitis accompanied by persistent cough and bad smell from mouth. As a result chronic inflammation bronchi dilate, bronchiectasis is formed with severe consequences- pneumosclerosis, emphysema, with the so-called cor pulmonale leading to circulatory failure. This is what determines appearance heavy smoker: hoarse voice, puffy face, shortness of breath.

The role of smoking in the occurrence of tuberculosis is also great. So, 95 out of 100 people suffering from it, by the time the disease began, were smoking.

Often smokers experience pain in the heart. It is associated with spasm coronary vessels that feed the heart muscle with the development of angina pectoris (coronary heart failure). Myocardial infarction in smokers occurs 3 times more often than in non-smokers.

Smoking can also be the main cause of persistent vasospasm of the lower extremities, contributing to the development of obliterating endarteritis, which affects mainly men. This disease leads to malnutrition, gangrene and eventually to amputation of the lower limb.

From the substances contained in tobacco smoke, the digestive tract also suffers, primarily the teeth and oral mucosa.

Nicotine increases excretion gastric juice, what causes aching pain under the spoon, nausea and vomiting.

These signs can also be a manifestation of gastritis, gastric ulcer, which smokers occur much more often than non-smokers. For example, among men with stomach ulcers, 96 - 97% smoked.

Smoking can cause nicotinic amblyopia. In a patient suffering from this disease, partial or complete blindness occurs. This is a very formidable disease, in which even vigorous treatment is not always successful.

Smokers endanger not only themselves, but also those around them. In medicine, even the term "passive smoking" has appeared. In the body non-smokers after staying in a smoky and unventilated room, a significant concentration of nicotine is determined.

Alcohol

The thief of reason - this is how alcohol has been called since ancient times. People learned about the intoxicating properties of alcoholic beverages at least 8000 BC - with the advent of ceramic dishes, which made it possible to make alcoholic beverages from honey, fruit juices and wild grapes.

Pure alcohol began to be obtained in the 6th-7th centuries by the Arabs and they called it "al cogl", which means "intoxicating". The first bottle of vodka was made by the Arab Ragez in 860. In the process of fermentation, fungi convert sugar (as well as starch) into wine or ethyl alcohol. It is known that a sugar molecule (glucose) consists of 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms - C6H12O6.

Yeast enzymes, as it were, chop this complex molecule into separate pieces, then combining them into new molecules. From C6H12O6, two molecules of carbon dioxide are formed - 2 CO2 (we see these bubbles in a fermenting liquid).

The remaining atoms combine to form two alcohol molecules (2 C2H5OH). With the depletion of the sugar supply, the fermentation process also stops. This is the simplified process of turning sugar or starch into alcohol.

Reasons for drinking alcohol

Probably, you have repeatedly heard the expression: "let's drink, let's warm up." It is commonly believed that alcohol is a good remedy to warm up the body.

No wonder alcohol is often called "hot drinks". It is believed that alcohol has a therapeutic effect not only for colds, but also for a number of other diseases, including gastrointestinal tract such as stomach ulcers. Doctors, on the contrary, believe that a peptic ulcer patient should absolutely not take alcohol. Where is the truth? After all, small doses of alcohol really excite the appetite.

Or another belief that exists among people: alcohol excites, invigorates, improves mood, well-being, makes the conversation more lively and interesting, which is important for the company of young people.

It is not for nothing that alcohol is taken “against fatigue”, with ailments, and at almost all festivities.

Moreover, there is an opinion that alcohol is high-calorie product, which quickly provides the energy needs of the body, which is important, for example, in a hike, etc. And in beer and dry grape wines, in addition, there is a whole set of vitamins and aromatic substances. In medical practice, the bacteriostatic properties of alcohol are used, using it for disinfection (for injections, etc.), preparation of medicines, but by no means for the treatment of diseases.

So, alcohol is taken to cheer up, to warm the body, to prevent and treat diseases, in particular as a disinfectant, as well as a means of increasing appetite and an energetically valuable product. Where is the truth and where is the error?

Moderate alcohol consumption is not harmful to health. Statistics show that drinking moderate amounts of alcohol can have a beneficial effect on the heart and possibly lengthen life. However, alcohol affects the brain, so never drink and drive.

Excessive alcohol consumption causes social discontent, hangovers and decreased performance in the short term; in the long term, it causes irreversible liver damage, memory loss and impaired mental functioning, insomnia, slow reflexes with a corresponding increase in the risk of accidents, and deterioration in sanity and emotional control. Although alcohol tolerance is higher in men than in women, male alcoholics are at greater risk of liver damage. The development of many forms of cancer and disorders of the immune system.

Approximately 20% of any alcoholic beverage is absorbed in the stomach, and 80% in the intestines. The alcohol is then carried by the blood throughout the body. The liver breaks down (oxidizes) alcohol at a nearly constant rate: typically about 0.5 liters of beer or 0.3 liters of whiskey per hour. As a result, this process covers approximately 90% of alcohol, forming as end products carbon dioxide and water.

The remaining 10% is excreted through the lungs with sweat. Alcohol has four main effects in the body.

It provides the body with energy (alcohol has a high energy value but contains no nutrients).

It acts as an anesthetic on the central nervous system, slowing it down and reducing its effectiveness.

It stimulates the production of urine. With a large intake of alcohol, the body loses more water than it receives, and the cells become dehydrated.

It temporarily disables the liver. After a large dose of alcohol, about two-thirds of the liver can fail, but the liver usually fully recovers after a few days.

Harm of alcohol

Alcoholism is the regular, compulsive consumption of large amounts of alcohol over a period of long period time. It is the most serious form of drug addiction today, affecting 1 to 5% of the population in most countries. An alcoholic drinks compulsively in response to a psychological or physical dependence on alcohol.

Let's take a look at what alcohol can do to our bodies.

Blood. Alcohol inhibits the production of platelets, as well as white and red blood cells. Outcome: anemia, infections, bleeding.

Brain. Alcohol slows down blood circulation in the vessels of the brain, leading to constant oxygen starvation of its cells, resulting in weakening of memory and slow mental degradation. Early sclerotic changes develop in the vessels, and the risk of cerebral hemorrhage increases.

Heart. Alcohol abuse causes an increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood, persistent hypertension and myocardial dystrophy. Cardiovascular insufficiency puts the patient on the brink of the grave. Alcoholic myopathy: muscle degeneration as a result of alcoholism. The reasons for this are not using the muscles, bad diet and alcoholic damage to the nervous system. In alcoholic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle is affected.

Intestines. The constant effect of alcohol on the wall of the small intestine leads to a change in the structure of cells, and they lose their ability to fully absorb nutrients and mineral components, which ends with the depletion of the body of an alcoholic. Constant inflammation of the stomach and later the intestines causes ulcers of the digestive organs.

Liver. This organ suffers from alcohol the most: inflammatory process(hepatitis), and then cicatricial degeneration (cirrhosis).

The liver ceases to perform its function of decontaminating toxic metabolic products, producing blood proteins and other important functions, which leads to inevitable death sick. Cirrhosis is an insidious disease: it slowly creeps up on a person, and then beats, and immediately to death.

The cause of the disease is the toxic effects of alcohol.

Pancreas. Alcoholic patients are 10 times more likely to develop diabetes than non-drinkers: alcohol destroys the pancreas, the organ that produces insulin, and profoundly perverts metabolism.

Leather. A drunk person almost always looks older than his years: his skin very soon loses its elasticity and ages prematurely.

From all this, the conclusion should be drawn - control and do not kill yourself.

Addiction

A drug is any chemical compound that affects the functioning of the body. Drug abuse is the use of drugs in any way that is medically and socially unacceptable or acceptable but wrong.

It is especially appropriate here to name psychoactive drugs: those that affect the body, causing behavioral changes like euphoria and hallucinations. The use and often production of many drugs that are abused by a large number of people is banned in many countries.

Reasons for drug abuse.

Social Consistency. If the use of a particular drug is accepted within a group to which a person belongs or identifies with, he will feel the need to use that drug to show his belonging to that group.

Pleasure. One of the main reasons why people use drugs is the accompanying and pleasurable sensations, from well-being and relaxation to mystical euphoria.

Curiosity about drugs leads some people to take drugs themselves.

Prosperity and leisure can lead to boredom and loss of interest in life, and in this case, drugs can seem like an exit and stimulation.

Avoiding physical stress. Most people manage to cope with the most stressful situations their lives, but some seek refuge in a form of drug addiction. Drugs often become the false center around which their lives revolve.

psychoactive drugs

Some drugs suppress the nervous activity of the brain, others stimulate it, and this is the difference in their mental effects. Other reasons for differences include the amount of drug taken, its purity and concentration, and how it enters the body. The effect is often enhanced if the user is tired or hungry. Psychoactive drugs are divided into four main groups according to their effects: depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and marijuana.

Drugs and health

As you know, the first thing drug addiction affects health. The main disease of drug addicts is “dirty syringe disease” - AIDS. Also, drug addicts with experience have blood and vascular diseases.

The most terrible diseases of the brain, heart and liver. Leads to the complete degradation of the individual.

Conclusion

Any use of drugs, and they include smoking, alcohol, and the drugs themselves quickly destroys the body. Since these harmful, one might say, lethal, mostly teenagers, and people who do not yet have families, abuse them to a greater extent, we can say: they have no future.

Bibliography

1. L.L. Genkova, N.B. Slavkov Why is it dangerous. M.: "Enlightenment", 1989

2. G.M. Entin, "When a person is his own enemy." M .: "Knowledge", 1993

4. Brief Encyclopedia household. M.: "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1988

5. L.F. Petrenko, Insidious enemy". M.: "Knowledge", 1981

It's no secret that every personality has its own dark side. Someone carefully hides their harmful ones from society and considers them their curse because they do not know the way to get rid of them, but there is also such a category of people who simply do not realize what consequences these weaknesses have for both themselves and others .

List of bad habits

It is important to note that the habit of this type is a kind of disease, addiction. pathological. In most cases, these include:

• gambling (ludomania);
• shopping addiction (unhealthy shopping addiction);
• smoking;
• substance abuse;
• addiction;
• alcoholism.

In addition, along with bad habits, non-useful actions are also distinguished (shaking the leg during a conversation, for example). The latter should not be attributed to the number of diseases, but the nature of their occurrence is hidden in the imbalance of the nervous system.

Dependence on alcoholic beverages destructive action on the whole body of a prisoner of addiction. In addition, if the expectant mother suffers from it, then it is likely that she will “give” the baby serious illness. So, the development of the neural tube slows down in the fetus, as a result of which the baby can be born with Down syndrome.

Alcohol has a depressing effect on mental activity, reduces blood pressure, as a result of this, stagnation can occur in large arteries and vena cava, and this is the cause of thrombosis.

Since dependence on alcoholic beverages negatively affects brain activity, this lowers the quality of coordination of movements.

This human weakness incinerates not only physically, but also morally. In just a few years, the victim of a habit can fade away. She has low blood pressure, pneumonia, intestinal peristalsis is disturbed, as a result of which it is difficult for the body to absorb everything. useful material, contained in the food consumed. It is highly likely that addiction to drugs will cause cirrhosis of the liver. Loss of sexual interest in partner.

Noted Negative influence on the nail structure, the color of teeth, skin, the secretion of gastric secrets (as a result of this, the stomach rots over time). The structure of internal organs is also gradually destroyed. The blood vessels constrict, and this leads to spasms. rises blood pressure. There is a high probability that the smoker will undergo a stomach ulcer, a heart attack.

Introduction

Man is a great miracle of nature. Striking is the rationality and perfection of his anatomy and physiology, his functionality, strength and endurance. Evolution has provided the human body with inexhaustible reserves of strength and reliability, which are due to the redundancy of the elements of all its systems, their interchangeability, interaction, ability to adapt and compensate. The total information capacity of the human brain is extremely high. It consists of 30 billion nerve cells. The “pantry” of human memory is designed to store huge amount information. Scientists have calculated that if a person could fully use his memory, he would be able to memorize the contents of 100 thousand articles of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, in addition, learn the programs of three institutes and be fluent in six foreign languages. However, according to psychologists, a person uses the possibilities of his memory during his life only by 30-40%.

Nature created man for a long and happy life. Academician N. M. Amosov (1913-2002) argued that the margin of safety of the “construction” of a person has a coefficient of about 10, i.e., his organs and systems can carry out loads and withstand stress, about 10 times greater than those with that a person has to deal with in normal daily life.

The realization of the possibilities inherent in a person depends on the way of life, on everyday behavior, on the habits that he acquires, on the ability to reasonably manage the potential health opportunities for the benefit of himself, his family and the state in which he lives.

However, it should be noted that a number of habits that a person can begin to acquire as early as school years and from which then cannot get rid of throughout life, seriously harm health. They contribute to the rapid consumption of the entire potential of human capabilities, premature aging and the acquisition of stable diseases. Such habits, first of all, include smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs.

Alcohol

Alcohol, or ethyl alcohol, is a narcotic poison, it acts primarily on brain cells, paralyzing them. The narcotic effect of alcohol is manifested in the fact that a painful addiction to alcohol develops in the human body. A dose of 7-8 g of pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal for humans. According to the World Health Organization, alcoholism kills about 6 million people every year.

Alcohol has a profound and lasting debilitating effect on the body. For example, only 80 g of alcohol is valid for a whole day. Taking even small doses of alcohol reduces performance and leads to fatigue, absent-mindedness, makes it difficult to correctly perceive events.

Some people consider alcohol miracle cure capable of curing almost all diseases. Meanwhile, studies by experts have shown that alcoholic beverages do not have any healing properties. Scientists have proven that there is no safe doses alcohol, already 100 g of vodka destroy 7.5 thousand actively working brain cells.

Alcohol is an intracellular poison that destroys all human systems and organs.

Disturbances of balance, attention, clarity of perception of the environment, coordination of movements that occur during intoxication often become the cause of accidents. According to official figures, 400,000 injuries are registered in the United States each year, received while intoxicated. In Moscow, up to 30% of those admitted to hospitals with serious injuries are people who are in a state of intoxication.

The effect of alcohol on the liver is especially detrimental; with prolonged use, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver develop. Alcohol causes (including in persons young age) violations of the regulation of vascular tone, heart rate, exchange in the tissues of the heart and brain, irreversible changes in the cells of these tissues. Hypertonic disease, ischemic disease heart and other lesions of cardio-vascular system drinkers are twice as likely to die as non-drinkers. Alcohol renders bad influence on the endocrine glands and primarily on the sex glands; a decrease in sexual function is observed in 1/3 of persons who abuse alcohol. Alcoholism significantly affects the structure of mortality in the population.

Before you take a glass of alcohol, whoever offers it, think: either you want to be healthy, cheerful, able to make your desires come true, or from this step you will begin to destroy yourself. Think and make the right decision.

Smoking

Tobacco smoking (nicotinism) is a bad habit that consists in inhaling the smoke of smoldering tobacco. We can say that this is a form of substance abuse. Smoking has bad influence on the health of smokers and those around them.

The active principle of tobacco smoke is nicotine, which almost instantly enters the bloodstream through the alveoli of the lungs. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains a large amount of combustion products of tobacco leaves and substances used in technological processing, they also have a harmful effect on the body.

According to pharmacologists, tobacco smoke, in addition to nicotine, contains carbon monoxide, pyridine bases, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, essential oils and a concentrate from liquid and solid products of combustion and dry distillation of tobacco, called tobacco tar. The latter contains about a hundred chemical compounds of substances, including a radioactive isotope of potassium, arsenic and a number of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons - carcinogens.

It is noted that tobacco has a harmful effect on the body, and primarily on the nervous system, first exciting and then depressing it. Memory and attention weaken, performance decreases.

First in contact with tobacco smoke enter the mouth and nasopharynx. The temperature of the smoke in the oral cavity is about 50-60°C. To introduce smoke from the mouth and nasopharynx into the lungs, the smoker inhales a portion of the air. The temperature of the air entering the mouth is approximately 40° lower than the temperature of the smoke. Temperature fluctuations cause microscopic cracks on tooth enamel over time. Smokers' teeth begin to decay earlier than non-smokers.

Violation of tooth enamel contributes to the deposition of tobacco tar on the surface of the teeth, which causes the teeth to become yellowish color, and the oral cavity emits a specific smell.

Tobacco smoke irritates the salivary glands. The smoker swallows part of the saliva. Toxic substances of smoke, dissolving in saliva, act on the gastric mucosa, which can eventually lead to gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Constant smoking, as a rule, is accompanied by bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi with a primary lesion of their mucous membrane). Chronic irritation of the vocal cords by tobacco smoke affects the timbre of the voice. It loses its sonority and purity, which is especially noticeable in girls and women.

As a result of smoke entering the lungs, the blood in the alveolar capillaries, instead of being enriched with oxygen, is saturated carbon monoxide, which, by combining with hemoglobin, excludes part of hemoglobin from the process of normal respiration. Oxygen starvation sets in. Because of this, first of all, the heart muscle suffers.

Hydrocyanic acid chronically poisons the nervous system. Ammonia irritates the mucous membranes, reduces the resistance of the lungs to various infectious diseases especially for tuberculosis.

But the main negative effect on the human body when smoking is exerted by nicotine.

Nicotine is a strong poison. Lethal dose nicotine for a person is 1 mg per 1 kg of body weight, i.e. about 50-70 mg for a teenager. Death can occur if a teenager immediately smokes half a pack of cigarettes. According to the World Health Organization, 2.5 million people die every year from smoking-related diseases worldwide.

Note that, according to health professionals, addiction to smoking tobacco is akin to drug addiction: people smoke not because they want to smoke, but because they cannot quit this habit.

Indeed, it is easy to start smoking, but it is very difficult to quit smoking in the future. Starting to smoke, you can become a slave to this habit, slowly and surely destroying your health, which nature has given for other purposes - work and creation, self-improvement, love and happiness.

About addiction and substance abuse

Addiction - serious disease caused by drug abuse, and acquired pathological addiction to them.

Narcotic substances of plant origin, which have a special intoxicating effect on humans, have been known to mankind for a very long time. Drug use was originally associated with religious and everyday customs. Many years ago, drugs were used by ministers of various religions to achieve a state of ecstasy while performing religious rites.

Another historical type of drug use is found in the field of medicine - as sedatives, painkillers and sleeping pills.

The third type of drug use is the use of drugs for the development of externally unconditioned mental states associated with the experience of pleasure, comfort, mood elevation, mental and physical tone, and high.

A sharp impetus to the spread of drugs throughout the world gave a rapid development in the XIX-XX centuries. chemistry, including the chemistry of medicinal substances.

Thus, drugs should be understood as chemical substances synthetic or vegetable origin, drug, which have a special, specific effect on the nervous system and the entire human body, lead to the removal of pain, changes in mood, mental and physical tone. The achievement of these states with the help of drugs is called drug intoxication. There are four types of drug addiction in our country: opium addiction (abuse of opium and its alkaloids and synthetic substitutes for morphine);

hashishism (abuse of those varieties of cannabis that contain enough tetrahydrocacabinone);

drug addiction caused by stimulants (mainly ephedrine); addiction caused by some sleeping pills relating to drugs.

Patients with drug addiction are more likely to be people who are easily suggestible, devoid of interests, poorly controlling their desires.

The rate of development of drug addiction depends on the chemical structure of the drug, the method of its administration, frequency of administration, dosage and individual characteristics of the body.

The initial stage of drug addiction is the transition from episodic to regular drug use, increased endurance to it, the appearance of an attraction to drug poisoning. If at the beginning of taking drugs there is a subjectively unpleasant state, then soon it disappears and each drug intake causes euphoria.

Taking opiates (opium, morphine, etc.) causes a feeling of pleasant warmth, painless "shock" in the head, a state of bliss. Then a quick succession of pleasant ideas begins against the backdrop of blissful peace with dreamlike fantasies.

Hashish intoxication is accompanied by foolishness, unmotivated laughter, mobility, disturbances in the perception of the environment and thinking.

After the introduction of a solution containing ephedrine, a state occurs that resembles ecstasy (a feeling of lightness in the body, a special clarity of perception of the environment, a feeling of unity with nature and the world, etc.).

As addiction develops, tolerance to the drug increases, the previous doses do not give euphoria. Then the reception of increasing doses begins, the picture of the action of the drug changes. In particular, with morphinism and the abuse of other opiates, instead of blissful rest, there is a state of cheerfulness with a feeling of a surge of strength and a desire for communication. Hashish makes the addict elated with an overestimation of his mental capabilities, various violations thinking; with prolonged use of ephedrine, the duration of euphoria is reduced, some bodily sensations that occur at the beginning disappear.

Cessation of drug use leads to disease states. With opium addiction, this is expressed in the appearance of anxiety, chills, excruciating pain in the arms, legs, back, insomnia, diarrhea, and also in the absence of appetite. Ephedrine addiction is characterized by prolonged insomnia and depression. With hashishism, in addition to unpleasant bodily sensations, the mood also drops, irritability, anger, and sleep disturbance appear.

Further consumption leads to a steady decrease in the euphoric effect of the drug and an increase in mental and physical disorders of the body. In all cases, degradation of the individual is noted (narrowing of interests, termination of social useful activity, pronounced deceit).

The only goal of drug addicts is the acquisition and consumption of the drug, without which their condition becomes severe.

Substance abuse is a disease characterized by a pathological addiction to substances that are not considered as drugs. There are no medical and biological differences between drug addiction and substance abuse. Drug addicts achieve intoxication by inhaling gasoline, acetone, toluene, perchlorethylene vapors and using various aerosol toxic substances.

Remember:

drug addicts are poor workers, their ability to work - physical and mental - is reduced, all their thoughts are connected with obtaining drugs;

drug addiction causes great material and moral damage to a person, family and society, it is the cause of accidents at work, in transport, at home;

drug addicts, degrading physically and morally, are a burden on the family and society; drug addicts are at risk for the spread of AIDS.

Questions

1. What are social consequences bad habits?
2. List the main ways to prevent bad habits.
3. Prepare a message on one of the topics: "Alcohol and its impact on human health", "Smoking and its impact on your health and the health of passive smokers", "Drug addiction and substance abuse, their consequences."

The impact of bad habits on human health

Every day we are faced with different people, dissimilar to each other. After all, everyone has their own character, habits and weaknesses that we like or annoy, but in one way or another affect our life, health and social status. But the worst thing is that sometimes weaknesses can turn into bad habits that create problems not only for a person dependent on these habits, but also for people around, and for the whole society as a whole.

How smoking affects human health

Now let's take a closer look at the consequences of smoking.
Firstly, a heavy smoker has a lack of calcium in the body and this destroys tooth enamel, teeth turn yellow, the structure of hair and nails deteriorates, and the complexion acquires a grayish tint.
Secondly, blood vessels suffer from smoking and become fragile, oxygen exchange is disturbed and pressure rises.
Thirdly, smoking disrupts the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which can subsequently lead to stomach ulcers.
Fourth, smokers are more likely to have heart attacks, strokes, and other heart problems.
Also, this addiction contributes to diseases of the throat, bronchi and lungs, which can subsequently lead to cancer.
Smoking by a pregnant woman is strictly unacceptable, as this will negatively affect the health of the child.

How alcohol affects human health

Alcohol leads to even more deplorable consequences. When alcohol is abused, it is completely destroyed the immune system the body, the activity of the liver, the digestive organs, the regulation of blood sugar, the functioning of the nervous system, etc. are disturbed.

But the most terrible blow alcohol inflicts on the brain. Subsequently, a person loses his memory, he begins to have mental problems and, as a result, can lead to complete degradation.

And besides, the life of an alcohol lover is much shorter than that of a person leading a healthy lifestyle.

Prevention of bad habits

AT modern society Bad habits are one of the pressing problems and therefore the fight against them is simply necessary.

Many people often do not realize that smoked cigarettes, alcohol and drugs are not only addictions that turn into addiction, but also cause irreparable harm to a person’s health, as well as to the people around him.

It’s good when a person realized and understood what harm such an addiction to, at first glance, harmless weaknesses can cause and parted with bad habits. But some people believe that nothing terrible will happen from one smoked cigarette, a glass of vodka drunk or indulgence in drugs, and as a result, imperceptibly for themselves, they turn into an addiction that is getting stronger every time. And such people already need the help of specialists. But in order not to lead to such unfortunate consequences, you need to know what a detrimental effect they can have on your health and realize their harm as early as possible.

The fight against bad habits is quite difficult, but extremely necessary. And than earlier man realizes this, the easier it will be for him to overcome his addiction and forever abandon bad habits. And if your school friend invites you to go smoke or drink, then it is better to stay away from such friends.

The most important thing is for a person to realize as soon as possible that bad habits harm his life and the lives of those around him and make every effort to part with them forever. After all, leading a healthy lifestyle is available to every sane person, the main thing is to have the desire, willpower, overcome laziness, and then it will be much easier to get rid of addictions.

Every person has bad habits, which for almost everyone is a problem that plays a significant role in his life.

Habit- this is an action, the constant implementation of which has become a need for a person and without which he can no longer do.

These are habits that harm a person's health and prevent him from fulfilling his goals and fully exploiting his potential throughout life.

The evolution of man has provided his body with inexhaustible reserves of strength and reliability, which are due to the redundancy of the elements of all its systems, their interchangeability, interaction, ability to adapt and compensate. Academician N.M. Amosov claims that the margin of safety of the "construction" of a person has a coefficient of about 10, i.e. its organs and systems can carry out loads and withstand stresses that are about 10 times greater than those that a person has to face in everyday life.

The realization of the possibilities inherent in a person depends on his lifestyle, behavior, the habits that he acquires, the ability to reasonably manage the potential capabilities of the body for the benefit of himself, his family and the state in which he lives. However, it should be noted that a number of habits that a person begins to acquire in his school years and which he cannot get rid of throughout his life, seriously harm his health. They contribute to the rapid consumption of the entire potential of human capabilities, premature aging and the acquisition of stable diseases. These habits primarily include the use of alcohol, drugs and smoking. The German professor Tannenberg has calculated that currently one death in a million people as a result of a plane crash occurs once every 50 years; from drinking alcohol - once every 4-5 days, from car accidents - every 2-3 days, and from smoking - every 2-3 hours.

Bad habits have a number of features, among which it should be especially noted:

• The use of alcohol, drugs and smoking are harmful both to the health of the person most exposed to them and to the health of those around him.
• In the end, bad habits necessarily subjugate all other actions of a person, all his activities.
• A distinctive feature of bad habits is addiction, the inability to live without them.
• Breaking bad habits is extremely difficult.

The most common bad habits are smoking and the use of alcohol and drugs.

Addictions and Addiction Factors

Addictions (habits) that have a negative impact on health are considered harmful. Painful addictions special group bad habits - the use of alcohol, drugs, toxic and psychotropic substances for entertainment purposes.

At present, the general concern is the habit of using narcotic substances, which adversely affects not only the health of the subject and his social and economic situation but also on his family (and society) as a whole. Frequent use pharmacological preparations for the purpose of entertainment causes drug dependence, which is especially dangerous for a young organism. In the development of a young person addiction to drugs important role factors such as individual characteristics and perception of sensations from the drugs used play; the nature of the socio-cultural environment and the mechanism of action of narcotic drugs (amount, frequency and method of administration inside - through Airways subcutaneously or intravenously).

Experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) have created the following classification of addictive substances:

• substances of the alcohol-barbiturate type (ethyl alcohol, barbiturates, sedatives - meprobromate, chloral hydrate, etc.);
• amphetamine-type substances (amphetamine, phenmetrazine);
• substances such as cocaine (cocaine and coca leaves);
• hallucinogenic type (lysergide - LSD, mescaline);
• substances like kata - Catha ectulis Forsk;
• opiate-type substances (opiates - morphine, heroin, codeine, methalone);
• substances such as ethereal solvents (toluene, acetone and carbon tetrachloride).

Listed medications are used for medicinal purposes, excluding ethereal solvents, and cause addiction - addiction to them by the human body. Recently, artificially created narcotic substances have appeared, the effect of which exceeds the effect of known drugs, they are especially dangerous.

A non-medical drug such as tobacco is also a drug. Tobacco is an addictive substance that can cause physical damage to health. As a stimulant and depressant, tobacco has a relatively small effect on the central nervous system (CNS), causing minor perceptual, mood, motor functions and behaviour. Under the influence of tobacco, even in large quantities (2-3 packs of cigarettes per day), the psychotoxic effect is incomparable with pharmaceuticals, but an intoxicating effect is observed, especially in young and childhood. Therefore, smoking causes concern not only for doctors, but also for teachers.

Socio-pedagogical prerequisites for initiation into bad habits

The onset of initiation into bad habits usually refers to adolescence. The following groups of main reasons for introducing young people to bad habits can be distinguished:

Lack of internal discipline and sense of responsibility. Because of this, young people often come into conflict with those on whom they are in some way dependent. But at the same time, they have rather high demands, although they themselves are not able to satisfy them, because they do not have the appropriate training, social or material capabilities for this. In this case, bad habits become a kind of rebellion, a protest against the values ​​professed by adults or society.

Lack of clearly defined motivation life purpose . Therefore, such people live for today, momentary pleasures and do not care about their future, do not think about the consequences of their unhealthy behavior.

Feelings of dissatisfaction, unhappiness, anxiety and boredom. This reason especially affects people who are insecure, with low self-esteem, to whom life seems hopeless, and those around them do not understand.

Difficulties in communication, inherent in people who do not have strong friendships, it is difficult to enter into close relationships with parents, teachers, others, and do not easily fall under bad influence. Therefore, if there are users of harmful substances among their peers, they are more easily succumbed to their pressure (“try it, and do not pay attention to the fact that it is bad”). Feeling emancipation and lightness under the influence of these substances, they try to expand their circle of acquaintances and increase their popularity.

Experimentation. When a person hears from others about the pleasant sensations from the use of harmful substances, although he knows about them harmful influences on the body, wants to experience these sensations. Fortunately, most experimenters are limited to this stage of acquaintance with harmful substances. But if any of the indicated provoking reasons are also characteristic of a person, then this stage becomes the first step towards the formation of bad habits.

Desire to get away from problems seems to be the main reason for the use of harmful substances by teenagers. The fact is that all harmful substances cause inhibition in the central nervous system, as a result of which a person “turns off” and, as it were, moves away from his problems. But this is not a way out of the current situation - the problems are not resolved, but aggravated, and time is running out.

It is necessary to note once again the special danger of the action of harmful substances on adolescents. This is due not only to the processes of growth and development taking place in them, but, above all, to the very high content in their body sex hormones. Just the interaction of these hormones with harmful substances and makes the teenager extremely sensitive to their action. For example, it takes two to five years for an adult to go from a beginner to an alcoholic, while for a teenager it takes only three to six months! Of course, for a 14-15-year-old student who is preparing to enter adolescence, such a consequence of the use of harmful substances is especially dangerous.

Everything said makes it clear essential work on the prevention of bad habits in children and adolescents. It is effective under the following conditions:

• it is necessary to educate and form healthy vital needs, to create socially significant motivations for behavior;
• children and parents should be provided with objective information about bad habits, their impact on a person and the consequences of their use;
• appropriate information must be carried out taking into account the age and individual characteristics of the child;
• children's understanding of the essence of bad habits should go hand in hand with the formation of a stable negative personal relationship to psychoactive substances and interpersonal communication skills with peers and adults, the ability to cope with conflicts, manage emotions and feelings;
• students should gain experience in solving their problems without the help of psychoactive substances, learn to deal with these hobbies of relatives and friends;
• to instill in students the skills of a healthy lifestyle, to influence the level of claims and self-esteem of children;
• in the fight against bad habits, the child, parents, teachers should be united: it is necessary to help the child give up (or want to give up) bad habits himself.

Causes of drug and drug addiction

Personality traits, temperament, social environment and the psychological atmosphere in which a person lives can have a positive or negative impact on his habits. Experts have identified and formulated the following reasons, causing development drug and drug addiction characteristic of young people:

• the manifestation of a hidden emotional disorder, the desire to get fleeting pleasure, regardless of the consequences and responsibility;
• criminal or antisocial behavior, when in the pursuit of pleasure a person violates social traditions and laws;
• drug dependence as an attempt at self-treatment, which occurs as a result of a mental disorder of an inorganic nature (social stress, puberty, disappointment, collapse of vital interests, fear and anxiety, the onset of mental illness);
• with regular medication to alleviate physical suffering (hunger, chronic overwork, illness, family breakdown, humiliation in the family) or to prevent some disease, or increase sexual potency;
• abuse of pharmaceuticals in order to create "popularity" in a certain social group - the so-called feeling of expressing social inferiority ("like everyone else, so am I");
• a serious illness, when the use of “saving doses of the drug” is provoked;
• social protest, challenge to society;
• the result of acquired reflexes due to accepted behavior in certain sections of society;
• abuse of alcoholic beverages, smoking at various social and cultural events (discotheques, presentations, gala concerts, star fever of idols of music, cinema, etc.).

But any of these factors can cause painful addiction only in those who are dependent on the temperament (cowardice, spineless, easily injured, physically weak, morally unstable, etc.).

Most of these factors that are the root cause of drug and drug dependence in young people are due to human behavior, his perception and ability to imitate. Therefore, the provoking factors that contribute to the formation of the future drug addict or substance abuser lie in the family, kindergarten, school, student environment or other social setting. But the main educating factor still belongs to the family. Parents should constantly strive to develop certain positive habits and skills in their children; a reasoned educational process should serve the purpose of forming a stable life position. This is a great art and patience, which is acquired in the process of life and polished over the years.

Drinking alcohol and alcoholism

"Alcohol" in Arabic means "intoxicating". It belongs to the group of neurodepressants - substances that depress the activity of the centers of the brain, reduce the supply of oxygen to the brain, which leads to a weakening of brain activity and, in turn, to poor coordination of movements, confused speech, fuzzy thinking, loss of attention, the ability to think logically and make the right decisions, up to insanity. Statistics show that the majority of those who drowned were in a state of intoxication, every fifth traffic accident is alcohol-related, a drunken quarrel is the most popular reason for murder, and a staggering person risks being robbed in the first place. In Russia, persons under the influence of alcohol committed 81% of murders, 87% of serious bodily injury, 80% of rapes, 85% of robberies, 88% of hooligan actions. Sooner or later, a constantly drinking person develops diseases of the heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and other diseases associated with such a lifestyle. But even they cannot be compared with the disintegration of the personality and the degradation of the drinking person.

Talking about the negative role of alcohol consumption in social sphere, we should also note the economic damage associated with both the health of drinkers and their behavior.

So, for example, science has established that even the smallest doses of alcohol reduce performance by 5-10%. Those who drank alcohol on weekends and holidays have a 24-30% lower performance. At the same time, the decrease in the efficiency of workers is especially pronounced. mental labor or when performing delicate and precise operations.

The economic damage to production and society as a whole is also due to the temporary disability of people who drink alcohol, which, taking into account the frequency and duration of diseases, is 2 times higher than that of non-drinkers. Particular damage is caused to society by persons who systematically consume alcoholic beverages and suffer from alcoholism. This is due to the fact that, in addition to large losses in the material production, the state is forced to spend significant sums on the treatment of these persons and payment for their temporary disability.

FROM medical point alcoholism is a disease characterized by a pathological (painful) craving for alcohol. The direct path to alcoholism leads to drunkenness - the systematic use of alcoholic beverages for a long time or occasional use of alcohol, accompanied in all cases by severe intoxication.

To early symptoms alcoholism include:

• loss of the gag reflex;
• loss of quantitative control over drunk alcoholic beverages;
• promiscuity in alcoholic beverages, the desire to drink all purchased alcohol, etc.

One of the main signs of alcoholism is a "hangover" or "withdrawal" syndrome, which is characterized by physical and mental discomfort and is manifested by various objective and subjective disorders: reddening of the face, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, dizziness, headaches, hand tremors, wobbly gait etc. Patients hardly fall asleep, their sleep is superficial with frequent awakenings and nightmares. Their mood changes, in which depression, fearfulness, fear, suspicion begin to prevail. Patients misinterpret the words and actions of others.

On the late stages alcoholism, alcohol degradation appears, the main features of which include a decrease in the ethics of behavior, the loss of critical functions, a sharp impairment of memory and intelligence.

Most characteristic diseases with alcoholism are: liver damage, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, stomach cancer. Alcohol consumption contributes to the development of hypertension, the occurrence of diabetes, violation fat metabolism, heart failure, atherosclerosis. Alcoholics are 2-2.5 times more likely to have mental disorders, venereal and other diseases.

The endocrine glands, especially the adrenal glands and the gonads, undergo significant changes. As a result, male alcoholics develop impotence, which affects about one-third of those who drink alcohol. In women, as a rule, long-term uterine bleeding, inflammatory diseases internal genital organs and infertility. The toxic effect of alcohol on sex cells increases the likelihood of having mentally and physically handicapped children. So, even Hippocrates, the founder of ancient medicine, pointed out that the culprits of epilepsy, idiocy and other neuropsychic diseases of children are parents who drank alcohol on the day of conception.

Arising in drunkards painful changes nervous system, various internal organs, metabolic disorders, personality degradation lead to rapid aging and decrepitude. Average duration life of alcoholics is 15-20 years less than usual.

The general mechanism of action of drugs on the body

All narcotic substances have a common mechanism of influence on the body, as they are poisons. When used systematically (for fun), they cause the following phases of changes in the body.

First phase - defensive reaction. When used for the first time, narcotic substances have a toxic (poisonous) effect on the body, and this causes a protective reaction - nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, etc. As a rule, there are no pleasant sensations in this case.

The second phase is euphoria. With repeated doses, the protective reaction weakens, and euphoria occurs - an exaggerated feeling of well-being. It is achieved by drug excitation of receptors (sensitive structures) of the brain related to endorphins (natural internal stimulants, evocative pleasure). The drug at this stage acts like an endorphin.

The third phase is mental dependence on drugs. A drug that causes euphoria disrupts the synthesis (production) of endorphins in the body. This leads to a deterioration in the mood of a person, and he begins to seek pleasure from taking narcotic substances (alcohol, drugs, etc.). This further impairs the synthesis of natural “pleasure hormones” and increases the desire to take drugs. Gradually, a person’s obsessive attraction to a drug develops (this is already a disease), which consists in the fact that he constantly thinks about taking drugs, about the effect they cause, and already at the thought of the upcoming drug intake, his mood rises.

The idea of ​​the drug and its effect becomes a constant element of the consciousness and content of a person's thoughts: no matter what he thinks about, no matter what he does, he does not forget about the drug. As favorable, he regards situations that contribute to the acquisition of drugs, and as unfavorable - preventing this. However, at this stage of the disease, others, as a rule, do not notice anything special in his behavior.

The fourth phase is physical addiction to drugs. The systematic use of drugs leads to a complete disruption of the system that synthesizes endorphins, and the body stops producing them. Since endorphins are pain-relieving, stopping their production by the body taking drugs causes physical and emotional pain.

To get rid of this pain, a person is forced to take a large dose of a narcotic substance. This is how physical (chemical) dependence on drugs develops. Having decided to stop taking drugs, a person addicted to them must go through an adjustment period that takes several days before the brain resumes the production of endorphins. This unpleasant period called the withdrawal period. It manifests itself in general malaise, reduced efficiency, trembling of the limbs, chills, pain in various parts body. Many painful symptoms clearly visible to others. The most well-known and well-studied state of withdrawal, for example, after drinking alcohol, is a hangover.

Gradually, the patient's attraction to the drug becomes unstoppable, he has a desire to immediately, as soon as possible, by all means, despite any obstacles, get and take narcotic substance. This desire suppresses all needs and completely subjugates human behavior. He is ready to take off his clothes and sell them, take everything from the house, etc. It is in this state that patients go to any antisocial actions, including crimes.

At this stage of the development of the disease, a person needs significantly higher doses of a narcotic substance than at the beginning of the disease, because with the systematic use of it, the body becomes resistant to poison (tolerance develops).

The fifth phase is the psychosocial degradation of the personality. It occurs with systematic and long-term use drugs and includes emotional, volitional and intellectual degradation.

Emotional degradation consists in the weakening and then complete disappearance of the most complex and subtle emotions, in emotional instability, manifested in sharp and causeless mood swings, and at the same time in the growth of dysphoria - stable mood disorders. These include constant anger, depression, depression. Volitional degradation is manifested in the inability to make an effort on oneself, to complete the work begun, in the rapid exhaustion of intentions and motives. For these patients, everything is fleeting, and it is impossible to believe their promises and oaths (they will definitely let you down). They are able to show perseverance only in an effort to get a narcotic substance. This state they have obsessive nature. Intellectual degradation is manifested in a decrease in quick wit, inability to concentrate, highlight the main and essential in a conversation, in forgetfulness, in the repetition of the same banal or stupid thoughts, the desire to tell vulgar anecdotes, etc.

Fight bad habits

The most best tactic in the fight against bad habits - stay away from people who suffer from them. If you are offered to try cigarettes, alcoholic drinks, drugs, try to evade under any pretext. Options may vary:

• No, I do not want and I do not advise you.
• No, it puts my workouts at risk.
• No, I have to go - I have work to do.
• No, it's bad for me.
• No, I know I might enjoy it, and I don't want to become addicted.

In your individual situation, you can come up with your own version. If the proposal comes from a close friend who himself is just beginning to try nicotine, alcohol or drugs, then you can try to explain to him the harm and danger of this activity. But if he does not want to listen, then it is better to leave him, it is useless to argue with him. You can help him only if he himself wants to quit these harmful activities.

Remember that there are those who benefit from you suffering bad habits. These are people for whom tobacco, alcohol, drugs are a means of enrichment.

A person who proposes to try a cigarette, wine, drug, must be considered as his own. worst enemy even if it was still yours best friend because he offers you something that will destroy your life.

Your basic life prerequisite should be the principle of a healthy lifestyle, which excludes the acquisition of bad habits. However, if you realize that you are acquiring one of the bad habits, then try to get rid of it as soon as possible. Below are some tips on how to get rid of bad habits.

First of all, tell the person whose opinion is dear to you about your decision, ask him for advice. At the same time, contact a specialist in the fight against bad habits - a psychotherapist, a narcologist. It is very important to leave the company where bad habits are abused and not return to it, maybe even change your place of residence. Look for a new circle of acquaintances who do not abuse bad habits or the same way you struggle with your illness. Do not allow yourself a minute of unoccupied time. Take on additional responsibilities at home, school, college. Spend more time exercise. Choose one of the sports for yourself and constantly improve in it. Make a written program of your actions to get rid of bad habits and immediately begin to implement it, each time considering what has been done and what has not been done, and what prevented this. Constantly learn to fight your disease, strengthen your will and inspire yourself that you are able to get rid of a bad habit.

What to do if a loved one suffers from bad habits?

Don't panic! Let him know about your concern without trying to yell at him or accuse him of anything. Don't moralize and don't start with threats. Try to explain to him the dangers of this occupation.

The sooner your loved one realizes the need to stop, the more likely it is to achieve a positive result.

Convince him to seek help from specialists, help him make life interesting and fulfilling without bad habits, discover meaning and purpose in it.

It is important to interest a person in self-development so that he learns to relax and enjoy without cigarettes, wine or drugs. Well, for those who themselves suffer from bad habits, we once again advise you to do everything as soon as possible to stop this deadly activity.