All diseases of the bladder in women. The most common diseases of the bladder. Salts in the bladder - symptoms

Diseases Bladder are common in females. The main cause is inflammatory reactions, infectious, oncological diseases in organs or a pathological change in the innervation of an organ. Symptoms are not always characteristic, for most types of the disease it is similar.

Pain in the bladder is alarm symptom, which manifests itself through pain in the lower abdomen. In this case, it may be accompanied by urination disorders, this includes quantitative and qualitative deviations. To determine the cause of the occurrence, a preliminary diagnosis is carried out, since the pain itself does not indicate a disease, but draws attention to the existence of a problem.

It is important to qualitatively describe pain sensations, as there are some distinctive features of diseases. Pain may be characterized by:

1. The nature of the manifestation
2. intensity.
3. Certain conditions of manifestation (for example, when bending over, lying on one side).
4. Also describe what causes pain and what relieves it.
5. Indicate the duration of the pain, how long ago it arose, the place where it hurts, as well as the area of ​​distribution, whether additional manifestations were noticed.

Actually the reasons pain enough in the bladder

1. , with both chronic and acute forms - this is an inflammatory process in the walls of the bladder. It is one of the most common diseases manifested by pain.
2. - inflammation, accompanied by irritation of the channel for urination.
3. Calculi located in the urinary tract.
4. Hormonal disorders that provoke changes in menopausal etiology in the bladder.
5. The formation of tumors or polyps on the bladder wall.
6. Injury to the bladder, possibly also to the urethral section.
7. , especially, which is accompanied by colic in the liver when moving the calculus from the kidneys to the bladder.
8. Prostatitis.
9. BPH.
10. Inflammatory reactions in the uterus, as well as appendages. A similar reaction in the formation of tumors.
11. Projection of pain in the pathology of the pubic joint, intestines or spine.

Disease symptoms

Differential diagnosis is the first stage in determining the disease, and the quality of treatment depends on the right direction. However, such a diagnosis must be confirmed additional examinations. You can find out the cause of pain on the basis of characteristic manifestations common diseases of the female urinary organs, for example:

• Cancer (tumor) of the bladder

Cancer localized in the bladder is a malignant neoplasm that has an aggressive manifestation. In this case, the symptoms are similar to cystitis, sometimes leading to the release of blood along with urine.

Cancer can be caused by:

1. Chronic infectious diseases.
2. Bladder inflammation.
3. Long-term exposure to carcinogens, for example, is now a proven carcinogen effect from sodium cyclamate, which is used in foods to add sweetness.

Tumor at long-term development can completely block the lumen in the urethra, then surgery will be required.

The symptoms of the disease are different, but the following manifestations are characteristic:

1. May be present in urine blood clots or blood. The occurrence of the symptom is quite frequent, 8 out of 10 patients have this manifestation.
2. Pain when urinating.
3. Frequent urge to go to the toilet, although the amount of urine is small.
4. Frequent overlap of infectious diseases of the urinary tract.

On the late stages symptoms may include:

1. Severe pain in lumbar region, often on the side.
2. Swelling of legs.
3. The renal pelvis is swollen and the bladder is overdeveloped. Often you can notice the formation of tumors, from which other organs of the small pelvis suffer.

Treatment typical for cancer is chemotherapy or radiation exposure, if necessary, palliative surgery.

• neurogenic bladder

Neurogenic abnormalities indicate urination disorders due to a violation nervous system. Pathological changes can be different, depending on which function is impaired:

1. reservoir- in case of violations, the bladder is not able to accumulate urine normally.
2. Evacuator- violation of the urinary function.
3. valve- inability to hold urine well.

Problems appear due to damage to the nervous system, and localization can be any, both on the cerebral cortex and on the intramural apparatus (nerve intraparietal endings). Age group lesions are different. neurogenic bladder happens congenital defect or acquired disease.

Symptoms are as follows:

1. Increased urge to urinate.
2. Urinary incontinence. Sometimes there may be urges of such strength that a person is not able to restrain himself.
3. Urinary incontinence, when the patient may experience a slight leakage of urine.
4. Frequent urge to go to the toilet at night.
5. There are opposite manifestations, when even with a full bladder, the patient is not capable of normal urination.

• Inflammation (cystitis)

Cystitis is an inflammatory reaction localized in the bladder, which is quite common among women. The causes of the disease are:

1. Infectious diseases of the genital tract, with catheterization in the bladder, as well as septic conditions. Also, the infection can get through the lymphogenous or hematogenous route.
2. With stagnation of urine in the bladder, inflammation may occur in the urination channels.

Cystitis is common due to the fact that it can be triggered by such factors:

• Hypothermia general or in the legs.
• Kidney diseases.
• Dehydration of the body.
• Diseases in the rectum.
• Pathological abnormalities of the uterus.

Cystitis is characterized by such manifestations:

1. Frequent urge to urinate, accompanied by pain.
2. Little urine is excreted.
3. Pain in the suprapubic region.
4. Change in the state of urine, it becomes cloudy.
5. There may be small blood stains.
6. In a severe stage, the appearance of temperature is possible.
7. Nausea, vomiting.

• overactive bladder

GAMP is an incorrect reaction of the body to the expansion of the bubble when it enters a small amount urine. Mostly the causes of the disease are psychological overstrain. Most patients with OAB live in families with abnormal attitudes, where there is frequent psychological stress or physical abuse. Often there is a history of enuresis, cystitis, episiotomy, and various injuries spine.

The disease can be provoked by the abuse of diuretics, sleep disturbance, unhealthy diet, as well as dysfunctions of adjacent organs.

The symptoms of OAB are:

1. Urination more than 8 times a day.
2. Sudden and strong urges that occur 2 or more times a day.
3. Urinary incontinence.

Treatment of OAB is done through psychotherapy, reflexology, and sometimes hypnotherapy is also used. Symptoms are relieved by medications. Patients are advised to refuse or reduce the amount of caffeine, which affects the bladder, enhancing the diuretic effect.

• Stones and sand in the bladder

The main reason is in the congenital structure of the organs of the urination system, as well as the epithelium that covers them. Wrong exchange substances are also common. infectious diseases genitourinary system. In some cases, sand can accumulate from overuse. certain products or lack of fluid in the body.

Symptoms of sand and stones in the bladder:

1. Frequent inflammation, cystitis, and urethritis.
2. Inflammatory reactions in the mucous membrane.
3. Pain, cramps, burning during urination in the urethra and bladder.
4. Changes in the color of urine, often acquires a reddish tint.
5. Urine becomes cloudy.
6. Possible blockage of the channels during urination, resumes only after a change in position.
7. The pain can be projected onto the back, anus, appendages.
8. Frequent calls.

• Bladder prolapse

Deviations in the location of the bladder is a consequence of a decrease in tone ligamentous apparatus, which is responsible for fixing the body. Thus, the bladder moves down along with the wall of the vagina, which leads to the formation of a protrusion.

First of all, the situation is typical for women who have had childbirth or are pregnant, as well as during menopause, which leads to a decrease in the amount of estrogen, and they, in turn, allow you to maintain normal condition bottom of the pelvis.

Symptoms of the disease develop in stages. Initially, there may not be any manifestations, but gradually there are discomfort especially during intercourse. There is also an increased urge to urinate. With further progression may appear:

1. The bladder is not completely emptied.
2. Urination becomes frequent and possibly painful or involuntary.
3. Pain during intercourse.
4. Regular occurrence of cystitis, mainly of infectious origin.
5. Pressure or heaviness in the pelvic region or vagina.
6. Increased pain when coughing, bending over, sneezing and exertion.
7. AT rare cases it is possible for the bladder to go beyond the genital slit.

You can also learn about the symptoms of bladder inflammation in this video.

The functions of the bladder are to store and excrete urine. In both sexes, this organ is arranged in the same way, but due to the peculiarities of the anatomy of the urethra and genital organs, women and men are more prone to various ailments. What are bladder diseases and how do they manifest themselves?

Main symptoms

Symptoms of bladder diseases are not very diverse. Almost all pathologies of this organ are manifested:

• frequent urination during the day and at night;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• pain, burning and cutting during urination;
• change in color and smell of urine;
• the appearance of blood in the urine.

Possible diseases

The most common bladder problems include:

• formation benign tumors;

Attention! Often, doctors are faced with the fact that all the patient's complaints are focused on the bladder, but tests and instrumental methods studies indicate the absence of pathologies in this organ. In such cases, pain and problems with urination can be signs of diseases of the kidneys, prostate, uterus, appendages and other nearby organs.

Cystitis

The most common ailment of the bladder is its inflammation, that is, cystitis. The main reason for its development is pathogenic microorganisms that penetrate into the organ cavity, usually through urethra, although other ways are possible. Nevertheless, the mere entry of microbes into the bladder is not enough for the occurrence of inflammatory processes, since due to the structural features and the release of specific substances, its walls are reliably protected from this. Therefore, for the development of cystitis, it is necessary that the natural defense mechanisms are weakened, and infectious agents have the opportunity to take root on the mucous membrane. Usually, it is enough to transfer stress, some other diseases, severe hypothermia etc.

The frequency of diagnosing this bladder disease in women is much higher than in men, due to the presence of a wide and short urethra in the fairer sex. As a rule, the disease manifests itself:

• pain when urinating;
• rise in temperature;
• the presence of leukocytes in the urine, and sometimes erythrocytes.

Important: the problem can be expressed so vividly that the patient cannot get rid of the annoying feeling for a second, even immediately after urination.

Common treatments for cystitis include:

• diet;
• antibiotics;
• NSAIDs;
• antispasmodics;
• vitamins.

Urolithiasis disease

Also a fairly common cause characteristic pains in the lower abdomen and problems with urination is considered to be in the bladder or the formation of stones directly in it. According to latest research this disease is a consequence of genetically determined metabolic disorders, and its main symptoms include:

• increased urination;
• pain accompanying the process of excretion of urine;
• interruption of the stream of urine up to a complete stop of urination;
• the presence of blood and suspension in the urine;
• increase in blood pressure.

Important: the inability to urinate for a long time in the presence of a powerful urge is a reason to immediately call an ambulance team, since such urinary retention can cause a rupture of the bladder and death of the patient.

Schematic representation of the process of removing a stone from the kidney to the bladder

Treatment urolithiasis is mainly carried out by remote or contact crushing of the formed stones with subsequent acceleration of diuresis. Thanks to this, the smallest fragments of stones are quickly and relatively painlessly removed from the body. But the main method of dealing with this disease is to follow an individually selected diet.

Tumors

Quite often, tumors form in the bladder different nature. This is usually accompanied by pain and bleeding. If we talk about malignant neoplasms, then usually patients are diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma and only in 1 case out of 10 is a sufficiently aggressive adenocarcinoma.

Benign bladder tumors include:

• adenomas;
• pheochromocytoma;
• papillomas;
• polyps;
• hemangiomas, etc.

Attention! Papillomas occur on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes as a result of human infection with HPV different types and weakening of the immune system. Some HPV types have a high oncological risk, that is, formed papillomas are able to degenerate into malignant tumors.

Almost all patients, when tumors are detected, are prescribed surgery, which can sometimes be carried out using endoscopic techniques, that is, without making incisions. When diagnosing cancer, courses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are also often prescribed.

overactive bladder

Almost 20% of all people suffer from frequent, urgent urge to urinate. Their number can exceed 8 per day. Moreover, patients do not even always manage to get to the toilet on time, which, of course, becomes the cause of embarrassment. Therefore, people who are faced with such a nuisance quite often arbitrarily isolate themselves from society, lose their jobs and friends, which inevitably entails social maladaptation and the emergence of psychological problems.

Overactive bladder can be managed with:

• drug therapy;
• regular performance of special exercises;
• physiotherapy;
• operations.

Other pathologies

The diseases that most often affect the bladder were discussed above. Nevertheless, there are ailments that are less common, but still found in people. These include:

• Leukoplakia is a disease accompanied by a pathological change in the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane. As a result, keratinized areas of various configurations form on the walls of the bladder.
• Atony of the bladder - a pathology provoked by injuries spinal cord or some other diseases, such as syphilis. It is characterized by involuntary drip excretion of urine.
• A cystocele or bladder prolapse is often accompanied by a change in the position of the vagina and urethra. This is usually observed in women after difficult childbirth.
• Exstrophy refers to intrauterine malformations. The essence of the pathology is the formation of the bladder outside the body of the child, usually boys. But it is quite rare - only 1 baby out of 30 thousand.
• Tuberculosis of the bladder is usually seen in people who have already had the disease in their lungs and kidneys. Usually, the pathology does not manifest itself in any way, so it is rarely diagnosed in time.
• Ulcer. As a rule, tissue ulceration is initially observed in the upper part of the organ, and the symptoms are similar to those of cystitis.
• Endometriosis is an exclusively female pathology of the bladder, as it develops when endometrial cells that line the surface of the internal female reproductive organs. The disease is manifested by the presence of blood in the urine and pain in the lower abdomen, which increase before menstruation.

AT medical practice distinguish many diseases associated with the genitourinary system, including bladder, whose functions are to accumulate and excrete urine. The structure of the organ, both in the weaker sex and in the stronger sex, is the same, however, due to the anatomical features of the reproductive system and urethra, women are more prone to such ailments.

In our editorial will be discussed about what distinguish diseases of the bladder in women, the symptoms and treatment of this pathology deserve special attention, since the proximity of the organ to reproductive system can have an ominous effect on the future health of a woman. The anatomical structure of the urinary system in women is different from that of men, which is why they are more at risk of bladder pathologies.

At the weaker sex anatomical structure genitourinary system is different from male structure. Their bladder is located directly under the uterus, so it has an elongated, oval shape, while in men it has round shape.

The peculiarity of the organ itself is that due to the presence of a sphincter and muscles, urination does not occur spontaneously, only after filling it with urine to a certain volume, a person feels the urge to urinate. If the filling has reached the required level, the human brain does not feel the signal.

One more distinctive feature is that the urethra in women is close to the rectum and genitals, which favors the acceleration of the mechanism of entry into the bladder of various infections.

If there are disease-causing agents in the body in combination with provoking factors, for example, hypothermia, poor hygiene, weakness immune system and so on, as a result, the infection spreads through the ureter and enters the kidneys, which, in turn, contributes to the development of pyelonephritis.

An important fact. Due to the fact that the urination channel in women is much shorter than in men, it is in close proximity to anus and external genital organs, which is the main factor that can cause bladder disease and more. The culprits of this are various viruses, fungi and bacteria, which, penetrating into the urinary canal, spread further to other internal organs.

Pictured is the building urinary system among women.

• kidneys;
• ureters;
• bladder;
• urethra.

Causes of infection

Often, bladder disease in women is caused by infection of the ascending urinary tract pathogens such as:

• coli;
• chlamydia;
• trichomonas;
• streptococcus;
• staphylococcus.

All pathogens can enter in one of three ways:

1. Entry of faeces into the urethra. This can happen if a woman does not observe the hygiene of the genital organs with sufficient quality, or if, after a bowel movement, the wiping technique is violated, that is, in the direction from back to front.
2. The presence of a woman injured areas. In this case, the received mechanical injury are an excellent breeding ground pathogenic microorganisms. Such injuries can be obtained, for example, after operations, with falls, with hemorrhoids.
3. The introduction of a catheter into the urethra, in which the mucous membrane is destroyed urinary organs, and small sores are formed.

In addition to the above factors that contribute to infection, there is another one that applies to women in position. AT given period as the uterus grows high pressure on the bladder, which affects urinary retention. Stagnant fluid in the bladder is a good breeding ground for various pathogens.

Note. Most frequent illness bladder is cystitis. Its formation can be affected by prolonged sexual intercourse. As a result of prolonged friction, microcracks appear on the vagina, which become a breeding ground for bacteria, fungi and infections.

Classification of diseases of the bladder

The most common bladder problems in women are:

• urolithiasis;
• hyperreflex bladder;
• benign and malignant neoplasms.

Attention. In medical practice, there are still such diseases in women as cystocele (bladder prolapse) and bladder tuberculosis. These pathologies are heavy character, but are quite rare.

All pathological changes associated with the bladder are accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen.

Quite often, women go to the hospital with complaints of pain and discomfort in the bladder area, however, after the diagnosis, all suspicions of diseases of this kind are excluded. In this case, problematic urination and the presence of pain syndrome may indicate other pathologies.

This is why the bladder can hurt:

• pathological changes in the kidneys;
• inflammation of the uterus;
• inflammation of the appendages.

Bladder tenderness may result from inflammation of the endometrium of the uterus.

Attention. All pathologies associated with the bladder can occur with different clinical picture. It is not uncommon for a patient to see a doctor already at active development disease passing into chronic form, because the symptoms in women are not always acute, often they are completely absent for a long time of the disease.

Neoplasms

Neoplasms on the bladder deserve special attention.

They can be:

• benign;
• malignant.

benign

A benign formation (cyst), as a rule, has a congenital character. During the period of perinatal development in the fetus (approximately at 20-24 weeks), the middle lobe of the duct should form and close, however, this does not always happen.

With pathological changes, the ends of the duct are soldered, while its middle lobe remains open, due to which a cystic cavity is formed, which as a result leads to the appearance of chronic diseases of the genitourinary system. Localization of the neoplasm - between the navel and the pubic region, experienced doctor palpation can easily diagnose it.

A benign neoplasm can develop asymptomatically for a long time, and a woman can learn about the pathology already becoming an adult. An acute inflammatory process begins when the cyst has acquired enough big sizes, during this period, severe suppuration is formed.

In the cystic cavity accumulate:

• meconium;
• slime;
• serous fluid.

If the contents of the cavity come out, a woman has a complex process of infection of all nearby tissues.

The clinical picture is quite bright:

• the temperature rises (up to 40 degrees);
• feel sharp pain attacks, aggravated in a standing position;
• there is redness skin pubic area;
• swelling is visualized in the lower abdomen;
• excreted urine has a sharp bad smell and acquires turbidity;
• there is nausea and headache.

Attention. In severe advanced forms, the contents of the cystic cavity can spread to the abdominal cavity, which threatens the woman with the development of such dangerous state like peritonitis.

Benign tumors can manifest as:

• adenomas;
• papillomas;
• pheochromocytoma;
• polyps;
• hemangiomas.

Important. Papillomas are caused HPV virus, he finds his refuge on the mucous membranes, the reason for this is a weakened immune system. Some types of papillomas differ high risk oncological continuation, in other words, the formed papillomas can later be transformed into a malignant tumor.

Papillomas can transform into malignant neoplasms.

Malignant

A malignant neoplasm on the bladder (cancer) is quite rare in women. The danger of pathology lies in the fact that to diagnose it on initial stage very difficult, which reduces the chance of patients for a full recovery.

Signs of bladder cancer are:

• the content of blood impurities in the urine;
• irritation of the mucous epithelium is accompanied by increased urge to empty;
• acute pain in the lower abdomen;
• difficulty urinating;
• false urges.

All of the above symptoms can be classified as the appearance of cystitis, exact result diagnostics are obtained during a comprehensive examination of the body. A pronounced picture of signs is noted when the neoplasm is located near the urethra.

The picture clearly shows bladder cancer.

Another type of organ disease is neurogenic dysfunction. This is a disease characterized by pathological changes in neuromuscular function and lack of control of urination, associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.

The etiological factor can be:

• congenital or acquired diseases of the nervous system of a severe form;
• severe stress.

Neurogenic dysfunction is divided into 3 types.

Table number 2. Types of neurogenic dysfunction.

Advice. Bladder dysfunction leads to more serious pathologies Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to emerging symptoms in a timely manner and start appropriate therapy.

Clinical manifestations

All pathologies associated with bladder dysfunction have a common clinical picture.

Common symptoms of bladder disease in women are as follows:

• frequent urge to empty;
• incontinence;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• a sharp foul odor of urine;
• change in urine color.

However, at every pathological condition have their own characteristics.

Cystitis

This disease is widespread among the female, this primacy is due to the fact that the urination channel in women is short and is located close to the rectum, and this easy way to enter the bladder of various disease-causing agents.

There are two types of cystitis:

• spicy;
• chronic.

Chronic cystitis usually develops against the background of poor quality treatment sharp form.

Symptoms of bladder disease (cystitis) are as follows:

• frequent emptying;
• pain and pain in the lower abdomen;
• burning sensation during urination, especially at the end;
• cloudy color of urine.

The picture of the manifestations of cystitis can be either pronounced or absent, however, with the weakening of symptoms, a visit to the doctor should not be postponed. For example, E. coli can easily be transported from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in pyelonephritis.

Urethritis

Urethritis, like cystitis, has two forms: acute and chronic.

At acute form the following signs are observed:

• pain at the beginning of urination;
• burning during emptying;
• itching in the intimate area;
• frequent urges that are sometimes impossible to contain;
• the presence of purulent impurities in urine.

The color of urine with urethritis, as a rule, is not changed.

Important. Signs of onset urethritis may appear within a few hours after intimate contact with a partner.

At acute urethritis The following signs may also be added to the main symptomatology:

• increase in body temperature;
• lack of appetite;
• general weakness;
• puffiness.

The acute form of urethritis is accompanied by general weakness and an increase in temperature.

Leukoplakia

The disease is characterized by thickening and keratinization of the upper epithelial layer, with further development pathology muscle completely loses its protective functions making the body more susceptible to attack by bacteria, fungi and infections.

The causes of the disease are:

• genital infections;
• intestinal infections;
• chronic pathologies of the genitourinary system;
• stormy and disorderly sex life without the use of contraceptives;
• pathological changes in the endocrine system;
• intrauterine contraceptives.

The signs of leukoplakia are as follows:

• paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen, burning;
• discomfort during emptying;
• intermittent stream when urinating;
• general weakness.

The clinical manifestations of leukoplakia are quite similar to those of chronic cystitis, which is why it is very important accurate diagnosis bladder disease in women, which includes general analysis urine and smear sampling, as well as cytoscopy (one of the most reliable diagnostic methods).

Urolithiasis disease

Very often, pain during urination and in the lower abdomen indicate urolithiasis. The reason for the appearance of stones or sand is considered to be a disturbed metabolism due to poor nutrition.

The disease is accompanied by such symptoms:

• frequent urge to urinate;
• pain during emptying;
• intermittent stream, possibly stopping urination;
• the presence of blood impurities in the urine;
• high blood pressure.

Attention. If a woman feels a strong urge to urinate, while urine is not excreted, this is the first sign that the canal is blocked by a stone. In such situations, you must immediately call ambulance because delay can cost lives. With excessive filling of the bladder, the walls of the organ will inevitably rupture, and this is 100% death.

Why does the bladder hurt during pregnancy?

During the prenatal period, a woman experiences various changes in the body, affecting many internal organs. Very often, expectant mothers complain of pain in the lower abdomen, what can this mean and can the bladder hurt during pregnancy? Yes, and this is due to intrauterine growth of the fetus.

For normal development child, the internal organs of the mother begin to rebuild, undergo some modifications, in particular, the bladder begins to make itself felt under the pressure of the uterus. A woman may feel discomfort when urinating and pain in the lower abdomen. An increase in the uterus affects the work of the sphincter, which causes frequent urination.

Also, in pregnant women, the level of progesterone increases, which helps to relax the muscles of the bladder. At the same time, in the second trimester of pregnancy, the enlarged uterus begins to rise up and no longer exerts any pressure on the bladder, all concomitant symptoms must pass.

Attention. Frequent emptying does not always mean a pathology, this is a normal condition for a pregnant woman, however, if the feeling of pain does not go away, and only intensifies over time, this is a reason to sound the alarm.

In spite of physiological changes to which it is subjected future mom, and the accompanying characteristic symptoms she must Special attention devote to your health. Instructions for the behavior of pregnant women are strictly dictated by a gynecologist, one of important recommendations regular monitoring of urine and blood counts.

Prevention of bladder diseases in women

All women should know an important rule: it is easier to prevent diseases than to treat bladder diseases.

For this, it is necessary effective prevention, which is as follows:

• strict observance of the rules of personal hygiene;
• strengthening immunity;
• prevention of overfilling of the bladder;
• maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
• proper nutrition;
• avoid hypothermia;
• regular physical activity and walks in the fresh air;
• during the period of autumn-spring infection, take vitamin complexes;
• avoid high physical exertion and stressful situations;
• consume enough purified water (daily rate - 1.5 liters).

It cannot be denied that the above preventive actions are quite simple and should be present in the life of every woman.

Dear women, pay attention to the changes taking place in your body, because not only the general condition of the body, but also your life depends on the timeliness of the diagnosis!

In the video presented in this article, experts will talk about bladder diseases in women.

The bladder in women is a very vulnerable organ, which is also associated with the reproductive system and other organs. It is impossible to feel like a full-fledged woman if something is constantly bothering you in this area, so you should pay attention to your fragile female health.

Today, almost everyone has one or another disease of the genitourinary system. adult woman. This is due to the structural features of the body. But not everything is so deplorable, we can do a lot for our own health. First, let's figure out what diseases of the bladder in women exist - symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and most importantly - how to keep the disease out of your life.

Bladder diseases:

• Congenital abnormalities in the development of the genitourinary system: narrowing of the urethra, reverse reflux of urine from the ureters into the bladder;
• , bladder, kidneys;
• keratinization of the mucosa membranes of the bladder (leukoplakia), this is a precancerous condition;
• Formation of stones in the kidneys, bladder, ureters;
• Urination disorders: in the elderly, after surgery, enuresis, consequences of brain damage (stroke, etc.), increased bladder activity, urinary incontinence;
• Formation of diverticula(protrusions) or fistula(moves through the wall) of the urethra,
• Tumors, papillomas and other innovations
• Pain in the bladder not associated with diseases of the genitourinary system (compression by other organs, nervous tension etc.)

Disease symptoms

Symptoms of each disease, of course, their own. But there are some signs that should alert you:

• If you do not have time to run to the toilet;
• Nighttime urination;
• urine leakage;
• Urine leakage during coughing, sneezing, exercise, jumping;
• Difficulty starting and/or continuing to urinate;
• Urination frequent and little by little;
• Weak intermittent stream when urinating;
• There is a feeling that the bladder is full, even after urination;
• Urine red or tea leaves;
• Unpleasant sensations, pain or itching during urination.

Any of these symptoms is the reason for a visit to the urologist. It is good if at the same time as the urologist you will also be examined by a gynecologist. After examination and examinations, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Diagnosis of diseases

The need for this or that examination is determined by the doctor. You should not go through expensive and traumatic examinations on your own, which you may not need. However, be prepared to undergo, if necessary, some procedures:

• Pass a urine test: collect urine in the morning after thorough washing, covering the vagina cotton swab. It is undesirable to take during the period of menstruation.
• Blood test: given in the morning on an empty stomach. At least one hour before the test, you can’t smoke, you can’t drink alcohol the day before, eat fatty foods. You can not take a blood test after the X-ray, any physiotherapy, in this case, wait 2-3 days.
• Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder: given with a full bladder, an hour before the procedure, you need to drink a liter of water.
• Cystoscopy: examination of the bladder using a special tube with optical instrument, which is injected through the urethra (urethra). The procedure is quite painful, so anesthesia is usually performed first.
• Biopsy: During a cystoscopy, a piece of tissue is taken to look for pathology under a microscope.
• A smear from the urethra and vagina to determine the causative agents of the disease: do not try to thoroughly wash yourself before the smear - this will make diagnosis difficult.

What can you do yourself?

These measures will not replace a visit to the doctor and a course of treatment, but will help prevent trouble.

• Daily hygiene of the genitals (the movement should go from the genitals to anus, and not vice versa).
• Timely treatment of thrush and other gynecological diseases.
• Clothing according to the weather: back, waist line must be closed! Avoid wearing low-waisted clothing.
• come through preventive examination at least once a year, especially if you previously had bladder diseases, if you had at least one childbirth, if you have hypothermia (work outside, etc.)
• Observe drinking regimen: For health, you need to drink about 2 liters of water a day. Thus, all pathogens and their waste products are washed out of the kidneys and bladder.
• In most diseases of the bladder, infusions of herbs that have a diuretic effect are useful. These are lingonberries, bearberries, horsetail, parsley, celery, chamomile, strawberry leaves, etc.
• In case of urinary incontinence due to chronic disease or age-related muscle weakness are helpful physical exercises. good effect gives a set of Kegel exercises.
• Do not tolerate if you want to go to the toilet. This leads to urinary incontinence.
• Lead healthy lifestyle life: avoid smoking, exercise, try to avoid stress.

Remember that women's bladders are more vulnerable to various diseases. Pain in the bladder can be symptoms of various diseases, see for yourself. To make a diagnosis on your own, without tests and consulting a doctor, is a fundamentally wrong decision. However, we hope that our material will help you to detect in time warning signs or make sure there is nothing to worry about.

Female and male body often affects diseases of the bladder. All deviations differ in symptoms, localization pathological process and duration of treatment. Can provoke diseases in the bladder various sources pathological and non-pathological. Often kidney disease urinary tract associated with hypothermia or infection, which are easier to treat than cancer bladder or other serious disorders.

Depending on the disease and its severity, medical or surgical therapy of the bladder is prescribed.

Causes and symptoms of bladder diseases

Leukoplakia

For such a disease of the bladder in women and men, a change in the mucosa is characteristic, due to which the epithelial cells become keratinized and become stiffer. In the common people, such a disease is known as the formation of "plaques" in the bladder. In this case, the patient has an inflammatory reaction in the tissues localized around the "plaque". The disease is characterized painful feelings at the bottom abdominal cavity and frequent urges to the toilet in a small way. The process of excreting urine is accompanied by pain and burning. There is a deviation of the bladder for the following reasons:

• inflammatory response chronic type in the organ;
• the formation of stones in the body;
• mechanical or chemical damage to the organ.

diverticulum

With a diverticulum, a cavity is formed in the bladder, resembling a sac in which urine accumulates. Some patients have several diverticula, but this form of the disease is diagnosed extremely rarely. The diverticulum extends into the cavity of the bladder or into the ureter. Patients with this disease often have pyelonephritis or an inflammatory process in the bladder. It is possible to detect a diverticulum by the following symptoms:

• gradual excretion of urine;

cystic formation

Signs of a cyst are found in men and women equally. The cystic formation contains mucus, serous fluid. If in cystic formation a virus or microbe gets in, then a purulent process of the urinary tract occurs. Symptoms of a cyst may be absent for a long time, but as the formation grows, manifestations soon appear:

• increase in body temperature;
• soreness in the lower abdomen;
• intoxication signs;
• formation umbilical fistula from which the discharge is observed.

urolithiasis

For such a disease of the bladder in men and women, the formation of stones and the presence of sand in the internal organ are characteristic. Stones are different in appearance and shape. Some types of urolithiasis are dangerous to human health and life and require immediate surgical treatment. The disease occurs due to such violations:

• chronic inflammation of the bladder;
• deviations in metabolic processes;
• lack of fluid or sun;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

endometriosis

The disease is characterized by an abnormal spread of the cell layer, which is supplied with vascular system located in the inner part of the uterus. It's feminine hormonal disorder, which is often observed in menstrual cycle, since during this period the mature cell layer is rejected, and endometrial cells take root on nearby organs. For female deviation are characterized by the following symptoms:

• pain in the pelvic floor;
• bleeding during urination;
• pain during urination and sexual intercourse.

Bladder atony

The bladder in men and women is often injured, as a result of which nerve fibers sending impulses to the organ of the urinary system. In such patients, involuntary excretion of urine occurs, which does not come out completely, and the person has a feeling of an overflowing bladder. The disease also occurs in people whose spine does not work properly due to injuries.

Manifestations of cystitis

Bladder problems are often caused by inflammatory process in the organ. This disease is known as cystitis and affects more often female urinary organs. Inflammation occurs when viruses enter the bladder. The disease manifests itself with such symptoms:

• frequent urge to go to the toilet, with meager discharge urine;
• pain and burning in the genitals, especially baking when urinating;
• impurities of blood in the urine;
• temperature rise.

cystalgia

Neuralgic disease of the kidneys and bladder have cystalgia. The source of the disease is:

• hormonal disbalance;
• impaired function of the nervous system;
• infectious injury.

Bladder cystalgia often presents in patients with unstable emotional state. In this case, the help of a psychologist and psychotherapist is needed, after which the disease will disappear by itself.

The occurrence of a hernia

The source of painful and disturbed urination can be a hernia formed in the bladder. Most often, this disease occurs in men at an age at which there is cloudy urine. The patient may find a mass in the lower abdomen that becomes smaller after the bladder is emptied. The hernia is removed exclusively operational way.

Malignant and benign tumors

Every year there are more and more patients with oncology, and the bladder is no exception. The formation of malignant and benign tumors in the urinary system is possible, which disrupts the normal outflow of urine. Education occurs against the background of papillomas, chronic diseases of the urinary system. The kidneys and bladder often suffer from the formation of such malignant tumors:

• adenocarcinomas;
• squamous neoplasm.

Polyps in the body

Polyps are growths localized in the area of ​​the urethra and bladder. Polyps are characteristic rapid increase which makes it difficult to pass urine. As a rule, polyps do not threaten with complications if they are treated in a timely manner. In most patients, the symptoms of polyps may not appear for a lifetime.

The disease is typical for women, because with cystocele internal organ descends along with the vagina. A disease occurs due to a lack of fiber in the organs pelvic floor, discontinuities at labor activity and prolapse or prolapse of the uterus. A woman notes with a cystocele an involuntary release of urine when laughing or coughing, a partial emptying of the bladder when going to the restroom.

Other diseases

Sometimes a deviation in the bladder is associated with the pathology of neighboring organs. Sexual or kidney disease often become a source of impaired bladder function. Such diseases include:

• Exstrophy. The disease refers to intrauterine pathologies in which the internal organ is not properly formed in the fetus. There is a bifurcation abdominal wall and external localization of the bladder. The disease is not often diagnosed and affects male children to a greater extent.
• Urethral cyst. With pathology, the flow of urine through the urinary tract is disturbed.
• Sclerosis of the bladder neck. It is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue of the organ neck with connective fibers, resulting in the formation of scars. sclerosis occurs after surgical intervention with other diseases.
• Hyperactivity. It is noted with frequent urination - more than 8 times a day. The disease is widespread and occurs, as a rule, against the background of obesity or the abuse of harmful foods and tobacco products.
• Tuberculosis. With pulmonary tuberculosis, the infection travels through the bloodstream to the organs of the urinary system. With illness, trips to the restroom become more frequent, urinary incontinence occurs and Blunt pain in a stomach.
• Ulcerative lesion. The formation of ulcerative wounds is noted on top layer organ. The patient complains of pain in inguinal region and frequent urination.