Additional cleaning of the chewing surface of the tooth with rotating brushes and rubber cups using various abrasive pastes.

Removal of plaque residues from the tooth surface with a water-air jet.

Isolation of the tooth from saliva with cotton rolls and a saliva ejector.

Thorough drying of the tooth surface with air for 30 seconds.

Etching of tooth enamel with 35-37% phosphoric acid for 15-20 seconds.

Washing off acid from the surface of the tooth with a water-air jet. The flush time should match the acid pickling time.

Repeated isolation of the tooth from saliva with cotton swabs and a saliva ejector (saliva entering the etched surface leads to contamination of the enamel pores and worsens the retention of the sealant).

Drying the etched surface with air. Etched enamel should be dull, matte, chalky white. In the absence of this reaction, it is necessary to repeat the stages of enamel etching.

The sealant should be applied immediately with a thin layer over the entire fissure-pit network of the chewing surface, while excluding the formation of air bubbles and overestimation of the occlusal height of the tooth. When using light-curing materials, illuminate them for 40 seconds.

Occlusion control and elimination of overbite, surface polishing.

Control over the setting of the sealant is carried out in the following terms: in a week, a month, six months and a year.

Endogenous prevention of dental caries

Endogenous prevention of dental caries (Fig. 41) consists in the introduction of Ca, F and P preparations, trace elements and vitamins into the child's body. It is divided into medicinal and non-drug.

The basis of drug-free prevention of dental caries in children is a proper, balanced diet as a source of high-quality and complete metabolism. Endogenous drug prevention - this is the appointment of salts Ca, F, P trace elements in combination with vitamins inside the child's body in age dosages. Prevention of dental caries should begin during the formation of the organ

In case of insufficient concentration of fluorine in drinking water, it is recommended to prescribe fluoride preparations. The required daily dose of the drug is set depending on the age of the child and the content of fluorine in drinking water. If a child receives approximately 0.3-0.5 fluorine per day with food, then, therefore, it is necessary to introduce up to 1 mg of fluorine into the body.

When the fluorine content in drinking water is 0.1-0.3 mg / l, it is recommended that a child under the age of 3 years should be prescribed 0.25 mg of fluorine orally, from 3 to 5 years 0.5 mg and older than 5 years - 1 mg. Sodium fluoride tablets should be started from the 2nd year of a child's life and continue until the age of 13-15. Contraindication for their intake is the content of fluorine in drinking water over 0.8 mg/l. Tablets are recommended to be taken daily immediately after breakfast for at least 250 days a year (it is better to chew with water). It is not recommended to take drugs containing Ca at the same time.

Sodium fluoride is produced in tablets of 0.0011 and 0.0022 g.

Rep: Tab. Natrii fluoridi 0.0022 N 50 D.S. 1 tablet per day (children 7-14 years old) #

Rep: Tab. Natrii fluoridi 0.0011 N50.

D.S. 1 tablet per day (children 2 years old)

Taking sodium fluoride tablets 2-3 times a year can be alternated with taking Vitaftor.

Vitaftor is a combined preparation containing sodium fluoride and a complex of vitamins A, D 2 , C. Sodium fluoride has an anti-caries effect, accumulates in bones, teeth and cartilage. Vitamin C limits the deposition of fluoride in tissues and thus prevents intoxication. Vitamin A contributes to the normal development of teeth and the proper formation of the skeleton. Vitamin D 2 regulates the exchange of phosphorus and calcium in the body.

Vitaftor is taken orally during meals or 10-15 minutes after meals once a day. Children from 1 to 6 years old are prescribed 1/2 teaspoon, from 7 to 14 years old - 1 teaspoon daily for 1 month, after a 2-week break, the course of treatment is repeated. Repeated courses are recommended 4-6 times a year with a break for the summer months. The drug is contraindicated when the fluorine content in drinking water is more than 1.5 mg / l and with the phenomena of A- and D-hypervitaminosis. Release form - in dark glass bottles of 100 ml.

Rp: Vitaftori 100 ml

D.S. 1/2-1 teaspoon 1 time per day with meals for 1 month.

of temporary and permanent teeth, their mineralization and continue after eruption until the enamel is fully matured.

Rice. 41. Types of endogenous prevention of dental caries.

Administration of oral fluoride preparations

With enteral and parenteral administration, fluorine affects the mineral and protein metabolism in the body as a whole and in the tissues of the teeth. However, it should be remembered that fluorine is a protoplasmic poison that inhibits metabolic processes in tissues. Chronic fluorine poisoning is manifested by various symptoms when its concentration in water is more than 10 mg/l. Fluorine compounds enter the body with water and food in the form of fluorides. The daily requirement for them for children of different ages is: 1 year - 0.7 mg; 2 years - 0.8 mg; up to 4 years - 1 mg, up to 10 years - 1.3 mg; over 10 years - 1.5 mg.

For general prophylaxis, fluoride is administered orally in the form of sodium fluoride tablets, fluoridated milk, common salt, or drinking water. The average concentration of fluorine in artificially fluoridated water in a temperate climate should be 0.8-1.2 mg/l. Natural mineral waters with a high content of fluorine are also used as a source of fluorine.

The leading position among all dental diseases is rightfully occupied by caries. The problem is faced, if not by every person, then by most of the population of the Earth. All age categories are susceptible to this disease, from children and adolescents to adults and the elderly.

The essence of caries is the destruction of periodontal hard tissues as a result of a combination of adverse factors. Treatment is carried out according to various methods, which are determined by the stage of the course of the pathological process. In order to prevent the development of pathology or its transition to a more severe form, a variety of preventive measures should be taken.

Why does caries occur?

The appearance of caries is caused by bacteria and microbes living and multiplying in the oral cavity that affect the teeth. In the process of their vital activity, organic acid is produced, which contributes to the slow dissolution and destruction of hard tissues. Without timely treatment, the disease can result in tooth loss.

There are a number of factors that are considered the most conducive to the appearance of this disease, that is, people at risk are significantly more likely to detect caries. These factors include:

In addition, there are areas of the periodontium that are particularly susceptible to the development of caries. These include:

• contact surface;
• blind pits of incisors;
• fissures of molars (we recommend reading:);
• cervical zone of the chewing and anterior parts.

About prevention in general

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve exactly your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

To date, there are no drugs or other means for the prevention of caries that would unambiguously exclude the possibility of the onset of the disease.

However, complex preventive measures can protect teeth from this problem up to 90%, and these are high rates.

The system of methods for the prevention of dental diseases affects 4 main areas:

1. The medicine. It consists in the development of special preparations to strengthen dental tissues and protect them from the effects of negative factors.
2. General hygiene. It includes knowing and maintaining the correct hygienic standards regarding the care of one's body and the oral cavity in particular.
3. Upbringing. It is based on instilling the necessary attitude to one's health and lifestyle in adults and children.
4. State level. It implies the adoption and regulation of laws that relate to public health.

Prevention of caries is of three main types:

Primary Prevention Methods

Primary prevention of caries in adults is of two types:

• endogenous;
• exogenous.

Endogenous methods

Endogenous prevention of caries includes various methods that strengthen the entire body. Such events include:

Exogenous methods

Exogenous prevention of caries, in contrast to the endogenous direction, is reduced to local methods that specifically affect the oral cavity. This includes:

1. High-quality oral hygiene, which is fundamental in the prevention of caries. It is carried out at home and at the dentist. At home, you should regularly brush your teeth twice a day, and periodically rinse your mouth with water. If necessary, use additional devices, such as a floss or irrigator. It is advisable to have your teeth professionally cleaned by a dentist twice a year.
2. Reducing the amount of carbohydrates in the diet. It is especially necessary to reduce the consumption of sweets such as lollipops, toffees, sweets, as they are in contact with the enamel for a sufficiently long period, which contributes to its destruction.
3. The use of drugs with fluorine and calcium local destination. These include gels, varnishes, applications and rinses.
4. Fissure sealing (more details in the article:). This procedure primarily concerns milk teeth. They often have too deep furrows of natural origin. For this reason, effective prevention of fissure dental caries in children will ensure the preservation of their milk bite (we recommend reading:).

Secondary prevention methods

If for one reason or another you had to face the problem of caries, then at this stage methods of secondary prevention are applicable. It is based on the treatment of disease-prone teeth. An important point of therapy is the timeliness of its implementation. The sooner you start to deal with the problem, the less likely there are serious complications.

The primary task that the dentist faces in case of caries is the preparation and installation of fillings in carious cavities. Carrying out these manipulations prevents the development of complications such as periodontitis or pulpitis. At the initial stage of enamel destruction, it is important to implement a therapeutic course for remineralization. Only a dentist should be engaged in any procedures related to the secondary type of prevention. Self-treatment in this case is impossible and fraught with the most unpleasant consequences.

In advanced cases, when the pathological process has already begun in the form of pulpitis or periodontitis, all therapeutic measures are reduced to preserving the affected dental unit. With the spread of inflammation outside the root system, conservative therapy may be powerless.

Tertiary prevention

Tertiary prevention measures are reduced to the restoration of the dentition, aesthetic appearance and chewing function after tooth loss. Modern dental technology allows you to fully do this. The most common solutions to the problem are:

• implantation;
• prosthetics;
• installation of crowns or other existing types of removable or non-removable structures.

In terms of choosing a model, many factors must be taken into account:

In the absence of contraindications, the most effective and reliable way is to install implants. Otherwise, an alternative dental design is selected by the dentist.

Caries Prevention in Children

Children's age from 1 year to 14 years is a special category of patients who are more prone to caries than others. In milk teeth, the development of a carious lesion up to deep internal destruction of the dentin can take only a few months from the moment the first stain appears.

Prevention in babies should begin with the eruption of the first incisors. The simplest measures will avoid serious problems. These include:

However, it is possible to start preventive measures to prevent caries in children even before their birth, during the prenatal period, when tooth germs are formed. The so-called antenatal prevention of the carious process is reduced to a number of measures aimed at reducing the risk of a negative impact on the formation of hard tissues due to bad habits, malnutrition, taking certain medications and diseases suffered by a pregnant woman.

Prevention of caries in pregnant women

During pregnancy, caries prevention is of double importance. It not only prevents the development of the disease in a woman whose body, and in particular her teeth, becomes less resistant to negative effects, but also reduces the likelihood of a pathological process in an unborn child.

How to protect yourself from caries during the period of bearing a baby? Pregnant women should adhere to the following simple rules and actions:

1. Oral hygiene. Regular and high-quality brushing of teeth with the right toothbrush and toothpaste.
2. Balanced diet. Exclusion from the diet of simple carbohydrates and inclusion in the menu of foods rich in calcium and fluoride. Among them, naturally, there should be dairy and sour-milk products, vegetables, fish and unsweetened fruits.
3. Professional cleaning. It is advisable to take care of removing plaque and tartar from the teeth in the dentist's office even during pregnancy planning.
4. Additional intake of minerals and vitamins.
5. Treatment of caries at the initial stages.
6. Regular check-ups at the dentist.
7. Timely and complete treatment of any pathologies and diseases, acute and chronic. Particular attention should be paid to the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
8. Reception of 1% solution of sodium fluoride. He is appointed after the first half of the term.
9. Rejection of bad habits.

How to eat so that there is no caries?

Nutrition plays a fundamental role. Dental health, like the whole body, largely depends on what a person eats. For this reason, it is so important to be able to correctly compose the menu.

Vitamins and minerals must be present in the diet. Its integral component should be calcium, as it is very useful for bones and teeth.

Below is a list of products that will perfectly cope with the task of preventing carious destruction of dental tissues:

1. Raw vegetables. The use of fibrous foods provides a natural cleansing of the surface of the teeth from microorganisms and deposits.
2. Dairy products. They are the main source of calcium and phosphorus and saturate the enamel with these elements. As a result, it becomes denser.
3. Sesame. The seeds of the plant are also rich in calcium, which is necessary to fill the enamel pores.
Modern dentistry provides a huge selection of tools that contribute to the prevention of dental pathologies of the carious type. However, traditional medicine is not much inferior to it, offering many recipes for preventing periodontal problems. Not all of them are effective and they are not able to completely solve the problem. Such procedures should always go in conjunction with the treatment prescribed by the doctor.

The most popular folk remedies for the prevention of carious lesions are:

1. Rinsing with tincture of sage. Rinse your mouth for 3 minutes three times a day between meals.
2. Propolis applications. They are done once a day before going to bed for half an hour.
3. Rinse with herbs. The procedure is carried out several times during the day, usually after meals.
4. The use of white cabbage and its juice. This ensures the strengthening of the dentin.

Caries is a pathological process of destruction of hard tissues of teeth. It is rightfully considered one of the most common diseases of the oral cavity, both in adults and in children. Let's consider in more detail how to prevent the appearance of caries, as well as what needs to be done for this.

Before considering how dental caries can be prevented, it is important to say that it is not always possible to identify this disease on your own, because the pathology can be localized in places that are hard to reach for the human eye. Only a dentist will be able to detect it most accurately during a professional examination.

Launched caries threatens the development of pulpitis.

Caries can be of different neglect, form of course (acute, chronic), as well as localization. In addition, dentists distinguish superficial, medium and deep types of this pathology, each of which is accompanied by its own characteristic features.

There are the following most common symptoms that indicate the onset and progression of this disease:

1. Increased tooth sensitivity, which is expressed in discomfort and pain when exposed to chemical, thermal and other types of irritants.
2. Discoloration of the affected enamel, which can turn from pale yellow to dark brown.
3. Loss of the natural luster of the surface of the tooth enamel (clouding of the tooth).
4. Increased fragility of enamel and its roughness.
5. The appearance of bad breath.

Important! When the first signs of this disease are detected, a person should immediately consult a doctor and begin treatment, otherwise, the pathology will begin to progress and affect healthy teeth, thereby becoming a threat to the entire zone of hard tissues of the oral cavity.

Prevention measures

Traditional prevention of caries in adults provides for the following mandatory measures:

Let us consider in more detail each of these methods of prevention, which will help to avoid the development of caries.

Oral hygiene

Dental preventive procedures

At the appointment with the dentist and even at home, you can carry out remineralization - a procedure that will help saturate the enamel with fluorine and calcium. Due to this, the teeth will become less susceptible to destruction by microorganisms.

Remineralization involves the saturation of enamel with useful substances.

To perform this procedure, concentrated medicinal preparations are usually used. The dentist applies them to previously cleaned and dried enamel, which will penetrate to it within a few hours.

If the process of fluoridation of teeth is performed by a person at home, then before that, he must definitely consult a doctor and read the instructions for the drugs used.

Another effective preventive procedure is regular ultrasonic cleaning, which should be performed every year. It can be used to remove plaque, which over time becomes hard tartar that increases the likelihood of caries.

With a pronounced tendency of human enamel to dental deposits, it is recommended that a full professional cleaning be carried out every six months. With the help of such an event, plaque can be eliminated, as well as returning a healthy shade of enamel.

Nutrition rules

1. Minimizing the consumption of sweets. It is better to replace them with honey and dried fruits. If you can’t completely give up your favorite treats, then after each of their intake, you must rinse your mouth and brush your teeth.
2. Cut down on sugary carbonated drinks.
3. Enrich your diet with fermented milk products such as kefir, cheese and cottage cheese.
4. Consume fresh vegetables and fruits regularly, especially apples, which act as a natural enamel cleanser.
5. It is useful to eat fresh herbs and nuts.
6. It is important to refuse to take excessively hot or cold food, as it can injure the enamel and cause discomfort in a person.
7. Additionally, vitamin complexes should be taken.
8. Several times a week it is important to eat fish and seafood, which are rich in phosphorus.

The diet should include dairy products.

Be especially careful when eating solid foods, which can easily cause enamel to chip or get stuck deep between the teeth, thereby causing bacteria to accumulate and become inflamed.

Sealing practice

Fissure cavities are uneven channels on the surface of the teeth, which are most often affected by caries. This happens due to the accumulation of food in such fissures, which provokes the vital activity of pathogenic bacteria.

With the help of professional sealing of fissures, the doctor will be able to protect them from microbes, as well as saturate the enamel with fluorine.

This is what a fissure sealant looks like.

This method of prevention can be practiced only in the absence of caries on the teeth. Otherwise, the doctor must first fix the problem and put a seal, and only then carry out sealing.

Doctor's examination

Adults are advised to visit the dentist for preventive purposes every six months. This is the only way to control the condition of the enamel and fix problems with it in time. Also, often a preventive visit to the doctor reveals the beginnings of caries, which the dentist can stop already at the initial stage.

In addition, a significant reason for an urgent consultation and examination is an increase in the sensitivity of the enamel, soreness, bleeding of the gums, as well as discomfort in the mouth. All these signs can indicate a number of dental diseases, including caries.

Children need to go to the dentist every 3-6 months in order to be able not only to monitor the general condition of the enamel, but also to detect the curvature of milk or permanent teeth in time.