Can chronic dysentery be cured? Effective folk remedies for the treatment of dysentery at home. Forecast and preventive measures

Dysentery is an infectious disease that is associated with significant damage to the colon. Most often accompanied by severe intoxication of the human body and requires immediate action.

Dysentery is also popularly known as "dirty hands disease". The disease earned its alternative name on the basis of the fact that most often the source of infection is non-compliance with elementary sanitary and hygienic standards, which are taught at school. In addition, foods that store intestinal bacteria can become a source of illness.

The clinical manifestations of dysentery in general have much in common with the symptoms of other intestinal diseases. The patient is tormented by acute pain in the abdomen, followed by frequent vomiting and diarrhea (sometimes the amount can reach up to thirty times a day).

In addition, among the obvious signs of the disease, there is a strong, sometimes critical increase in temperature up to 41 degrees. If diagnosed at home, then the list of these symptoms is enough to determine an intestinal infection, dysentery is distinguished by the presence of a mixture of mucus and blood secretions in the stool. This indicates that the destruction of the intestinal walls has begun and it is important to start treatment immediately.

It is important to understand that, like many other diseases, dysentery can be treated at home, but this is only true if it has not had time to go to the last stage and acquire a character that threatens human life.

If the patient complains of extremely poor health and a very high temperature, he must be immediately taken to the infectious diseases hospital. In the process of waiting for medical workers, the condition can be improved with the help of fluids. Usually, experts recommend giving the patient rehydration powders, however, in the absence of the appropriate ingredients, they can be replaced with ordinary boiled water. Under no circumstances should running water be used, as it contains microbes that can aggravate the situation and lead to irreparable consequences.

If treatment does not involve immediate hospitalization, then deal with.

Ridding the body of dehydration

The first and extremely important point, without which a quick recovery is impossible, is ridding the body of dehydration. The fact is that in the process of vomiting, diarrhea, a person loses a lot of fluid, which the body is unable to replenish on its own. If doctors have diagnosed mild or moderate dysentery, then you can stop at oral rehydration. This means that during the day the patient must drink at least four liters of fluid.

It is important to take water in small portions - no more than fifty milliliters.

The most commonly considered options are:

The main and alternative recipes for tinctures, decoctions and the technology for preparing solutions will be discussed below.

In the event that the disease is severe and painful enough, intoxication of the body can reach a critical point. In this case, an auxiliary means is the introduction of fluid intravenously. For such situations, saline or a five percent glucose solution is used.

With dysentery, it is important to take special absorbent drugs, that is, those that have the ability to “absorb” toxins into themselves. Among such funds, Smekta and Enterosgel are especially effective.

Any intestinal disease is associated with a strict diet, since it becomes necessary to reduce irritation of the digestive tract, stomach, and intestines. Dysentery in this case is not only not an exception, but a particularly clear example, since in the process of treating this disease, patients are quite seriously limited in food. In fact, during the period when the symptoms of dysentery are acute, the patient is advised to limit himself to liquid only. When the condition begins to gradually improve, the diet becomes less strict and the diet is expanded to include safe and easily digestible foods.

Doctors offer the following options as the main menu: lean meat, poultry, cereals cooked in water, crackers, peeled vegetables and fruits.

It is important that all foods are steamed or boiled; fatty, fried, heavy foods, which take a long time to digest, are completely excluded.

Food intake should be gradually increased up to six times in essence, however, the portions should be small. Of course, it is important to exclude fast food, carbonated drinks, spicy foods and coffee from the diet. Doctors recommend adhering to such a diet not only in the process of treatment for dysentery, but also after complete recovery for at least a month. This will significantly reduce the risk of any complications.

Patients with dysentery, along with the diet, must necessarily take a complex of vitamins, without which the body will not be able to fully fight bacteria. As suitable options, 500 milligrams of ascorbic acid, 9 grams of thiamine or riboflavin, 60 milligrams of nicotinic acid are used. This is the daily dose for the patient. After the first week, the number of drugs taken is recommended to be reduced at least twice.

Folk recipes for curing dysentery

As mentioned above, the main drug for the treatment of dysentery is a liquid. An alternative to boiled water and saline can be proven folk methods, the safety and expediency of which cannot be doubted.

The first recipe that needs to be adopted for the treatment of dysentery at home is a decoction made from ripe bird cherry fruits. For cooking, you need one tablespoon of berries and a little water. Pour the taken amount of fruit with a glass of boiling water and leave on fire for about five minutes. After the required time has been maintained, the broth should be left for a while so that all unnecessary substances settle to the bottom. The next and final step is thorough straining. Take the resulting liquid is one quarter cup three times a day.

For the following recipe, you will only need hawthorn berries. We clean one hundred grams of fruit from the seeds, and then pour two glasses of hot boiled water. This decoction also needs to be infused, and therefore it is better to leave it for several hours, and preferably at night. The next day, the broth must be boiled again and cooled, after which gauze is taken and filtered. It is important to remember that only a decoction is used to get rid of symptoms; berries are not recommended for eating. Experts recommend doing the procedure once a day for a week. During this time, the signs of dysentery should, if not disappear, then significantly weaken.

There is a way to treat the disease, which may seem to some patients not only very effective, but also extremely pleasant. This is especially true for men. The fact is that in this case, the main component of the drug is beer. In order to reduce pain in the intestines and ease spasms, you need to take a glass of dark beer and a tablespoon of castor oil. Mix the mixture thoroughly and drink at a time, preferably in one gulp. After the procedure, it is recommended to go to bed immediately. It is believed that in a day the patient completely gets rid of the first signs of dysentery.

There is a plant that bears the unattractive name of burnet. The use of its root against the treatment of acute dysentery is considered extremely effective. In order to prepare the tincture, you need to take one tablespoon of burnet root, previously crushed or ground in a meat grinder, and pour it with a glass of boiling water. The mixture should be boiled over low heat for at least half an hour, then strained with a gauze cloth or strainer. The resulting tincture should cool, after which you can start taking it. It is recommended to use up to six times a day, one tablespoon. You can drink a small amount of water. It is believed that burnet root has a strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect and is able to stop internal bleeding.

At the stage when the body has actually coped with dysentery, the restoration of normal life begins. In order to help yourself during this period, it is important not only to follow a diet, but also to periodically do microclysters in order to cleanse all kinds of intestinal bacteria and other harmful microorganisms.

As a liquid, it is best to use an anti-inflammatory decoction of chamomile or an infusion of eucalyptus.

Video - Treatment of dysentery at home

Summer time is not only the time for vacations, beaches, evening walks and pleasant pastime, but also the time for the spread of various intestinal infectious diseases. This is due to the fact that it is in warm weather, in places with the presence of moisture, that various pathological microorganisms rapidly spread. Today we will talk about one of these diseases - dysentery. So…

Dysentery - general information

Penetrating into the vessels, endotoxin increases their permeability and makes them more brittle, causing the development of hemorrhagic syndrome. Being in the large intestine, toxins provoke the development in its walls of an acute catarrhal or fibrinous-necrotic inflammatory process, serous edema. The formation of erosions and ulcers is possible. Often the disease accompanies enteritis, colitis, dysbacteriosis, diarrhea.

Thus, from the general picture, it can be distinguished that the target organs for infectious toxins are the nervous, digestive and cardiovascular systems, metabolism is disturbed.

The severity of the disease depends on the type of shigella. The most severe dysentery occurs due to infection with Grigoriev-Shiga shigella, which can be present in the body throughout the patient's life and constantly secrete Shigi toxin. The severity of Shiga toxin is due to the fact that it can simultaneously exhibit cytotoxic, enterotoxic and neurotoxic activity.

Dysentery - ICD

ICD-10: A03.9, A06.0, A07.9;
ICD-9: 004, 006, 007.9, 009.0.

The first signs of dysentery can appear within a few hours if the infection enters the stomach with food.

The first signs of dysentery

• General malaise,;
• Diarrhea (diarrhea).

The main symptoms of dysentery

• Rumbling and periodic cramping pains in the abdomen, especially before a bowel movement;
• (up to 20 times a day) - at the beginning, a fecal stool, then, in the form of a mixture of mucus, pus and blood, and each time the stool is more and more meager;
• General weakness, lethargy, loss of strength;
• , chills;
• Headache, ;
• Decreased appetite or its complete absence;
• , seizures are possible;
• Lowering blood pressure,;
• The formation of a thick brown coating on the tongue, the tongue is dry;
• The appearance of spasms and pain on palpation of the left iliac region.

Complications of dysentery

Among the complications of dysentery are:

• Infectious-toxic shock (ITS);
• paraproctitis;
• DIC;
• Paresis of the intestine;
• bowel perforation;
• Heart disease -,.

Causes of dysentery

The main cause of dysentery is infection of the body with bacteria or protozoa.

The causative agent of dysentery- bacteria of the genus Shigella (Shigella) and protozoa - dysenteric amoeba (lat. Entamoeba histolytica).

Among Shigella, the most popular are Grigoriev-Shigi's (Shigella dysenteriae), Flexener's (Shigella flexneri), Sonne's (Shigella sonney) and Boyd's (Shigella boydii) shigellas.

Many shigella can remain active in the soil - up to 4 months or more, in water - up to 1 month. In food, under favorable conditions (warm and humid), they can even multiply, especially in minced meat, boiled meat, boiled fish, dairy products, salads, compote, jelly.

Shigella die under the influence of disinfectants or high temperatures.

Mechanism of transmission of dysentery- fecal-oral, from infected person to person. The infection comes out of the "carrier" along with feces.

Ways of transmission of dysentery- contact-household, alimentary and food.

In fact, fecally contaminated water, food, or dirty hands must enter the mouth in order to contract dysentery. From the onset of the first symptoms of the disease, the patient begins to excrete infected feces into the external environment. The end of the bacteriocarrier occurs at about 3 weeks.

Types of dysentery

The classification of dysentery is as follows:

By form:

Acute dysentery- characterized by an acute onset and typical symptoms of dysentery. Subdivided into:

- Typical (colitis) - characterized by colitis syndrome, neurotoxicosis syndrome and the phenomena of "distal colitis";

- Atypical (gatroenteric) - the development of the disease is localized mainly in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe stomach and small intestine. Accompanied by symptoms characteristic of gastritis and. It can proceed in the following types:

• Erased form - characterized by mild symptoms, normal body temperature, rare loose stools (up to 2 times a day, up to 2 days) and the presence of mucus and green impurities in the stool.
• Dyspeptic form - occurs mainly in infants under the age of 6 months. It is characterized by a violation of appetite, rare regurgitation and vomiting, frequent stools and a change in feces into a porridge-like or liquid form.
• The hypertoxic form is a rare phenomenon characterized by an acute onset with symptoms of primary neurotoxicosis, i.e. immediately affects the nervous system of the body. Accompanied by high body temperature, strong, rapid development of infectious-toxic shock, due to which the patient may die even before local manifestations of the disease. It usually develops in children who have previously been sensitized. The disease is caused by a hyperergic reaction to an antigenic stimulus.

Chronic dysentery– accompanies the patient for a long period of time – from 3 months. Subdivided into:

• recurrent
• Continuous

By etiology:

• Shigellosis - the cause was infection of the body with bacteria of the genus Shigella (Shigella);
• Amoebiasis - the cause was infection of the body with protozoa - dysenteric amoeba (lat. Entamoeba histolytica).

Type

A - the symptomatology characteristic of infectious toxicosis prevails;

B - characterized by local manifestations of the disease - stool disorder, tenesmus, pain syndrome, etc.;

B - characterized by the simultaneous manifestation in equal parts of both general and local symptoms of the disease.

By severity:

Mild (about 50-60% of all cases)- characterized by minimal intoxication or its absence, liquid mucus-like stools (5-10 times a day), sensitivity and soreness in the sigmoid colon, as well as during defecation. The stool may be slightly bloody. There is a short-term fever with body temperature up to 38 ° C. Recovery usually occurs within 14-21 days.

Moderate degree (about 40% of all cases)- characterized by moderately pronounced signs of intoxication of the body, a developed colitis syndrome, abdominal pain, fever (up to 39 ° C), dry and white-coated tongue, nausea, bouts of vomiting, pallor of the skin, multiple stools (up to 15-20 times a day ) containing blood impurities. Recovery occurs in 30-45 days.

Severe (about 5% of all cases) The symptoms depend on the type of lesion. In type A, from the very beginning there is a high body temperature, repeated vomiting, which is sometimes impossible to stop. In the case of type B, the onset of the disease in a patient is accompanied by stool disorder, abdominal pain, and nausea.

Diagnosis of dysentery

Diagnosis of dysentery includes the following examination methods:

• Anamnesis;
• Visual inspection and analysis of feces;
• Bacteriological culture of shigels from feces;
• Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA);
• Immunofluorescence (RIF);
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR);
• Coagglutination reactions (RCA);
• Latex agglutination reaction (RAL);
• abdominal organs.

Dysentery - treatment

Treatment of dysentery is prescribed individually and includes a set of measures and methods of therapy:

1. Hospitalization, bed rest

A severe form of the disease requires complete bed rest. Moderate allows the patient to go to the toilet. A mild degree of dysentery is treated on a ward basis.

2. Medical treatment

2.1. Antibacterial therapy

If shigellosis dysentery is detected, antibiotic therapy is prescribed, because. shigella are .

The choice of antibiotic is based on the diagnosis, the sensitivity of the bacterium to various substances, the presence of concomitant pathologies or diseases. Information such as the "territorial landscape of drug resistance", which is derived from the latest statistical data on the treatment of patients with dysentery in the area where the patient was admitted, can help to clarify the drug.

The duration of the course of treatment for dysentery is determined by the improvement in the patient's condition, the normalization of body temperature, and the reduction of intestinal disorders.

Antibiotics for mild dysentery: nitrofurans (Furadonin, Furazolidone), ersefuril (Nifuroxazide), oxyquinolines (Nitroxoline, Intetrix), sulfonamides (Cotrimoxazole).

Antibiotics for moderate dysentery: fluoroquinolones ("Ofloxacin", "Ciprofloxacin"), sulfonamides ("Cotrimoxazole"), oxyquinolines ("Intetrix").

Antibiotics for severe dysentery: fluoroquinolones ("Ofloxacin", "Ciprofloxacin"), as well as combinations of fluoroquinolones + aminoglycosides ("Streptomycin", "Neomycin", "Gentamicin") or aminoglycosides + cephalosporins ("Cefotaxime", "", "Cefepime").

In the case of diagnosing Flexner's or Sonne's dysentery, a polyvalent dysenteric bacteriophage is prescribed.

It is important to note here that some antibacterial drugs are capable of destroying even the simplest microorganisms, but we decided to note the drugs against amoebiasis.

For the treatment of intestinal and extraintestinal forms of amebiasis, when there are clear signs of damage to the body by this type of infection, Metronidazole, Tinidazole are used.

With intolerance to metronidazole or amoeba resistance in this substance, they can prescribe - "Dehydroemetin".

In the event that the patient is only a carrier of an amebiasis infection, and there are no symptoms, Paromomycin, Iodoquinol are prescribed.

The treatment regimen, usually for severe disease, may also include a combination of a tetracycline antibiotic (Tetracycline) + Metronidazole or Dehydroemetine.

If amoebic dysentery is accompanied by amoeba damage to other organs and systems (skin, liver, lungs, etc.), in addition to metronidazole, the following drugs can be prescribed - Mexaform, Diyodochin, Quiniofon, Intestopan.

2.3 Detoxification therapy

Toxins produced by the infection during its life and after its death are the main cause of many symptoms and complications.

To remove toxins from the body, detoxification therapy is used, which includes:

• plentiful drink;
• intake of enterosorbents - "Activated carbon", "Polifepan", "Polysorb", Smecta, "Enterosgel";
• taking enzyme preparations - "", "Panzinorm" + drugs;
• intravenous infusion (drip) - "Albumin" (10% solution), "Hemodez", "Acesol", "lactasol", "Trisol", "Chlosol", glucose solution (5-10%) with insulin.

2.4. Immunotherapy

To strengthen the immune system, which plays the role of protecting the body, including from infection, immunotherapy is carried out.

To stimulate the activity of immunity, Timogen, Timalin, Dibazol, Levamisole are prescribed.

2.5. Symptomatic treatment

To restore the water balance, which is usually disturbed with frequent bowel movements, especially diarrhea, are prescribed - drinking plenty of water (at least 2 liters per day) and drugs "", "Cytroglucosalan", "Gastrolit".

During acute diarrhea, antidiarrheal drugs are prescribed - Imodium, Mezim Forte, Smecta, Tanalbin, Enterosorb.

To relieve pain and spasms in the intestines, antispasmodics are prescribed - Duspatalin, No-shpa, Papaverin, Meteospazmil.

A severe form of the disease, when severe pain is present, antispasmodics can be combined with anticholinergic drugs ("Platifillina hydrotartrate").

To normalize the processes of digestion and assimilation of food, enzymatic preparations are prescribed - Pancreatin, Mezim-forte, Festal.

To strengthen the body and stimulate the immune system, additional doses are prescribed during the entire period of treatment.

2.6. Normalization of the microflora of the digestive system

To restore the intestinal microflora, the balance of which is significantly disturbed (dysbacteriosis) due to antibiotic therapy, prebiotics are prescribed ("Duphalac", "Hilak-forte") and probiotics - "Linex", "Biosporin", "Bifidumbacterin-forte", "Bifikol" , "Lactobacterin".

The use of therapeutic and dietary fermented milk products containing bifidus and lactobacilli, which, in fact, are involved in the normal assimilation and digestion of food, also has a positive effect during the recovery period and in the absence of contraindications.

3. Diet

A diet for dysentery is one of the most important items necessary to achieve a positive result in the treatment and complete recovery of the patient.

Special menus developed by M.I. Pevzner.

In acute dysentery and the presence of severe disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, it is prescribed.

With the improvement of the general health of the patient, the subsidence of the clinical manifestations of the disease, the doctor prescribes.

In case of continuation of a positive result from therapy, 2-3 days before discharge, the patient is transferred.

Forecast

The prognosis for recovery with timely treatment to the attending physician is mostly favorable.

After the illness, the body develops a short-term immunity to dysentery - up to 4-12 months.

Important! Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult your doctor!

Laurel. Pour a couple of bay leaves with a glass of boiling water, let the remedy brew for about 30 minutes and drink throughout the day, in 3 sets. Helps with mild dysentery.

Pomegranate. Chop pomegranate peels thoroughly and pour 2 teaspoons of raw materials with 2 cups of boiling water. Leave the product for an hour to infuse, strain it and drink in small portions throughout the day.

Periwinkle. Pour 1 teaspoon of periwinkle herb with a glass of boiling water. Let the remedy brew for 30 minutes, strain it and take 1 tbsp. spoon 2-3 times a day.

Chamomile. 2 tbsp. spoon pour 500 ml of boiling water. Let the remedy brew for an hour, then strain it and take 1 tbsp. spoon 2-3 times a day. To improve the taste, you can add a little natural to the infusion. The remedy helps with dysentery and other health problems of the digestive tract.

Burnet. 1 st. pour a spoonful of burnet roots with a glass of boiling water, put on a slow fire and cook for about 30 minutes. After the broth is left for an hour to cool and infuse, filter and consume 1 tbsp. spoon 5-6 times a day. Burnet has a bactericidal, astringent and hemostatic effect.

Yarrow. 1 st. a spoonful of ordinary pour a glass of boiling water. Infuse the remedy for an hour, strain and take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day. To enhance the effect, yarrow can be combined with, in a 1: 1 ratio.

Garlic. Pour 40 g of crushed 100 g of vodka, set aside the product for 7 days in a dark place for infusion. It is necessary to take a tincture of garlic with amoebic dysentery, 15-20 drops 3 times a day, 30 minutes before meals.

Plantain. Pour 1 tbsp. a spoonful of seeds 100 ml of boiling water, infuse the remedy for 30 minutes and take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day, 30 minutes before meals.

Collection. Mix together 1 part each - chamomile flowers, leaves, leaves, cherry leaves and rhizomes of erect cinquefoil. 2 tbsp. collection spoons pour 500 ml of boiling water, cover the container and infuse for an hour. Then strain the infusion and take half a glass 4 times a day, 30 minutes before meals. You can add some honey to improve the taste.

Rice. Traditional healers recommend this wonderful remedy to children. For cooking, you need to pour 1-2 teaspoons of rice with a liter of water, put on fire, boil, cool, strain and drink 1/3 cup every 2 hours.

Rowan. 2 teaspoons of mountain ash pour 400 ml of boiling water, set aside for an hour to infuse, strain and drink 100 ml 3-4 times a day.

Prevention of dysentery includes:

• Compliance;
• The use of not expired products;
• Avoid ;
• Avoid ;
• Lead an active lifestyle, move more;
• Refusal of uncontrolled use of drugs;

Thanks

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Diagnosis of dysentery

In the diagnosis of dysentery is used:

• general blood analysis ;
• bacteriological research;
• laboratory research;

Complete blood count for dysentery

In a general blood test for dysentery, the following is revealed:

• Increase in ESR. ESR ( sedimentation rate of erythrocytes) is a laboratory indicator that allows you to identify a systemic inflammatory process in the body. With the development of an inflammatory reaction in the intestine, a number of biologically active substances and proteins of the acute phase of inflammation are released into the systemic circulation ( C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, fibrinogen and others). These substances contribute to the adhesion of erythrocytes ( red blood cells), as a result of which the latter more quickly settle to the bottom of the tube during the study. Normal ESR in men is 10 mm per hour, and in women - 15 mm per hour. With dysentery, these indicators can increase by 2-3 times.
• Neutrophilic leukocytosis. Leukocytosis is an increase in the total number of leukocytes ( immune system cells) more than 9.0 x 10 9 / l. With the development of dysentery, there is an increase in the production of neutrophils ( varieties of leukocytes), since these cells are among the first to migrate into the intestinal wall and begin to fight shigella, preventing their further spread.
• Leukogram shift to the left. Under normal conditions, neutrophils are released into the systemic circulation in an immature form ( stab forms, which account for 1 - 5% of all leukocytes), after which they turn into full-fledged protective cells ( segmented forms, which account for 40 - 68% of all leukocytes). With dysentery ( and any other bacterial infection) Mature neutrophils migrate to the site of the introduction of the pathogen and begin to actively fight it, while dying. At the same time, the process of formation of neutrophils is stimulated, as a result of which a greater number of their immature forms enter the systemic circulation. This leads to the fact that the proportion of stab neutrophils in the blood increases, while the proportion of segmented neutrophils decreases ( which is called a shift of the leukogram to the left).
• Monocytosis ( an increase in the number of monocytes in the blood). Monocytes also belong to the cells of the immune system, making up about 9% of all leukocytes. After a short circulation in the blood, they migrate to the tissues of various organs, turning into macrophages. When infected with a bacterial infection ( including dysentery.) macrophages absorb foreign bacteria and their particles that have penetrated the intestinal wall. At the same time, the process of formation of monocytes is activated, as a result of which their proportion in the blood increases.

Fecal analysis ( coprogram) for dysentery

Feces for analysis are collected after a spontaneous act of defecation in a special container. You can not collect material for analysis immediately after performing an enema, as well as when taking certain medications ( preparations of barium, iron, laxatives, rectal suppositories and others).

Coprogram for dysentery

Bacteriological diagnostics ( sowing) for dysentery

An important stage of the study is to determine the sensitivity of the infectious agent to antibiotics. For this purpose, Shigella are sown on a nutrient medium, after which several small tablets with various antibacterial drugs are placed there. These nutrient media are placed in a special thermostat for a while, and then the result is evaluated. If shigella grows around the antibiotic pill, the pathogen is not sensitive to this drug. If no Shigella is observed within a certain radius of the growth pill, this antibiotic can be used to treat dysentery in this patient.

Laboratory diagnosis of dysentery

The gold standard, which makes it possible to confirm the diagnosis with almost one hundred percent probability, is serological diagnostics, based on the determination of specific antibodies in the patient's blood. The principle of the method is based on the ability of the human immune system to respond in a certain way to the introduction of foreign microorganisms, that is, to develop special immune complexes against them ( antibodies). These antibodies find and destroy only the bacteria against which they were developed. Therefore, if a person's blood contains antibodies against any type or subspecies of Shigella, then he is infected with this particular pathogen.

Today, there are many methods of serological diagnosis, however, in dysentery, the reaction of indirect hemagglutination is most often used ( RNGA). The essence of the method is as follows. Antigens of various types of Shigella are attached to the surface of specially prepared erythrocytes. The patient's serum is then added to the various samples. If it contains antibodies against Shigella, they will begin to interact with their specific antigens, resulting in erythrocytes sticking together, which will be noticeable macroscopically ( naked eye). If these antibodies are not present in the patient's blood, no reaction will occur.

With the help of RNHA, antibodies can be detected, starting from the 5th day after the first clinical signs of the disease appear ( at an earlier date, there are no specific antibodies in the patient's blood). After 2 weeks, the amount of antibodies in the blood reaches a maximum, and after a month it begins to decline.

Sigmoidoscopy for dysentery

Since it is the terminal part of the large intestine that is most often affected in dysentery, sigmoidoscopy is important ( however not decisive) diagnostic method. During the study, the doctor evaluates changes in the intestinal mucosa, which largely depend on the stage of the disease.

Damage to the intestinal mucosa in dysentery is characterized by:

• Acute catarrh. It develops in the first days of the disease as a result of the penetration of Shigella and their toxins into the tissues of the mucous membrane. As a result of activation of the immune system, cells of the immune system migrate to the place of introduction of bacteria ( neutrophils, macrophages and others), which in the process of fighting the pathogen die, releasing many biologically active substances. These substances contribute to the expansion of small blood vessels and increase the permeability of the vascular wall, as a result of which part of the fluid passes from the vascular bed into the intercellular space. The intestinal mucosa becomes hyperemic ( that is, it acquires a bright red hue as a result of the expansion of blood-filled vessels) and edematous. In some places, superficial erosions or small hemorrhages can be determined.
• Fibrinous-necrotic inflammation. It is characterized by the death of cells of the intestinal mucosa as a result of exposure to cytotoxin. The mucous membrane itself is covered with a dense coating of gray.
• The stage of ulcer formation. As a result of exposure to cytotoxin, death occurs ( necrosis) mucosal cells, and after rejection of necrotic ( dead) masses in their place are formed shallow ulcers.
• The stage of ulcer healing. regeneration process ( recovery) of the damaged mucosa begins a few days after the first clinical signs of infection, but full recovery may take several weeks or even months ( depending on the severity of the disease and the timeliness of treatment).

For sigmoidoscopy, no special preparation is required. When performed correctly, the procedure is safe and virtually painless. There are no absolute contraindications to sigmoidoscopy, however, the manipulation should be postponed in the presence of anal fissures or other infectious and inflammatory diseases in the anus.

Differential diagnosis of dysentery

Dysentery should be differentiated:

• From salmonella. Salmonellosis is also characterized by signs of damage to the gastrointestinal tract ( nausea, vomiting, profuse diarrhea), however, signs of general intoxication of the body are usually more pronounced than with dysentery. Bacteriological or serological examination is required to accurately confirm the diagnosis.
• from escherichiosis. This disease is caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli and is characterized by signs of damage to the small intestine. Symptoms of general intoxication of the body are usually absent or slightly expressed.
• From cholera. Cholera is characterized by damage to the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by profuse watery diarrhea, which quickly leads to dehydration. There is no mucus and blood in the stool, and the symptoms of general intoxication are mild or moderate.
• from yersiniosis. This disease occurs with severe symptoms of general intoxication and signs of intestinal damage. A distinctive feature is the rapid damage to internal organs and systems ( liver, kidneys, central nervous system and others), which is manifested by the corresponding symptoms ( jaundice, a violation of the process of urine formation, and so on).
• from rotavirus infection. This disease is caused by rotaviruses and is characterized by damage to the intestines, as well as the upper respiratory tract ( what is manifested by a runny nose or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx). Signs of general intoxication of the body are expressed slightly.
• from acute appendicitis. appendicitis ( inflammation of the appendix of the caecum) is characterized by severe pain in the lower abdomen ( predominantly on the right) and an increase in body temperature. There may also be occasional vomiting. An important diagnostic point is to identify signs of peritoneal irritation, which will be positive in appendicitis and negative in dysentery.

Treatment of dysentery

Is hospitalization necessary for dysentery?

• Patients with moderate or severe disease.
• Patients with severe concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems.
• Patients presenting an increased epidemiological risk ( food industry workers, doctors, employees of kindergartens, schools and so on).

Caring for a patient with dysentery

In mild forms of the disease, patients begin to feel an improvement in their general condition within a few days after the start of treatment, while in severe dysentery, patients may need the help of others for several days or even weeks.

• Strict bed rest- starting from the first day of the disease and until the normalization of body temperature.
• Limiting the impact of stress factors- hypothermia or overheating, psycho-emotional stress, work that requires prolonged mental effort.
• Full sleep- during the height of the disease, the patient should sleep at least 9-10 hours a day, and during the recovery period - at least 8 hours daily.
• Exclusion of any physical activity- within at least 1 week after the normalization of body temperature and the disappearance of symptoms of intoxication of the body.

Antibiotics for dysentery

Treatment of dysentery with antibiotics

Bacteriophages in dysentery

Specific dysenteric bacteriophage should be taken orally, 3 times a day, 1 hour before meals. You should start taking the drug immediately on the day of diagnosis. The course of treatment is 6 - 8 days.

A single dose of dysenteric bacteriophage ( for oral administration) is:

• Children up to 6 months- 5 ml.
• 6 to 12 months- 10 - 15 ml.
• From 1 year to 3 years- 15 - 20 ml.
• 3 to 8 years old- 20 - 30 ml.
• Children over 8 and adults- 30 - 40 ml.

The dose of bacteriophage for rectal administration is:

• Children up to 6 months- 10 ml.
• 6 to 12 months- 20 ml.
• From 1 year to 3 years- 30 ml.
• 3 to 8 years old- 40 ml.
• Over 8 years old- 50 - 60 ml.

Symptomatic treatment of dysentery

Diet for dysentery

Food for dysentery should be taken in small portions 5 to 6 times a day. All foodstuffs consumed must be well processed ( thermal and mechanical), and their temperature at the time of use should not be above 60 degrees or below 15 degrees. Also, patients should consume at least 2 liters of fluid per day, which will prevent dehydration and reduce the severity of intoxication syndrome.

Diet for dysentery

Treatment of dysentery with folk remedies at home

For the treatment of dysentery, you can use:

• Decoction of oak bark. It has astringent, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action. To prepare a decoction of 20 grams ( 2 full tablespoons) crushed oak bark should be poured with 200 ml of boiled water and heated over low heat for half an hour. After that, cool the broth, strain through a double layer of gauze and take orally 20-30 ml 3-4 times a day ( one hour before meals).
• Infusion of cherry fruits. It has astringent and anti-inflammatory action. To prepare an infusion of 20 grams of bird cherry fruit, pour 400 ml of boiling water. Insist in a dark place for 1-2 hours, then strain and take 50 ml orally ( 1/4 cup) 3-4 times a day half an hour before meals.
• Infusion of plantain leaves. It has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, inhibiting the reproduction of Shigella in the intestine. To prepare an infusion, 5 grams of crushed plantain leaves should be poured into 100 ml of hot boiled water and placed in a water bath for 10-15 minutes, and then infused in a dark room for 2 hours. Strain the resulting infusion and take it orally half an hour before meals ( children - 1 - 2 dessert spoons 2 - 3 times a day, adults - 2 tablespoons 2 - 4 times a day).
• Infusion of chamomile flowers. It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antispasmodic effects ( eliminates spasm of smooth muscles of the intestine). The infusion is prepared as follows. 2 full tablespoons of chamomile flowers are poured with 1 cup of boiling water and placed in a water bath for 15 to 20 minutes. After that, cool at room temperature for 1 hour, filter and take orally 2-3 tablespoons 3-4 times a day ( half an hour before meals).

Prevention of dysentery

Is a person who has had dysentery contagious?

Immunity and vaccine ( graft) for dysentery

Based on the foregoing, it follows that it is almost impossible to develop an effective vaccine that could protect a person from contracting dysentery for a long time. That is why the main importance in the prevention of this disease is given to sanitary and hygienic measures aimed at preventing contact of a healthy person with the infectious agent.

However, under certain conditions, people can be vaccinated against certain types of dysentery ( in particular against Shigella Sonne, which are considered the most common).

Vaccination against Shigella Sonne is indicated:

• Employees of infectious diseases hospitals.
• Employees of bacteriological laboratories.
• Persons traveling to epidemiologically dangerous regions ( in which there is a high incidence of Sonne dysentery).
• Children attending kindergartens ( in case of unfavorable epidemiological situation in the country or region).

Vaccination is contraindicated in children under three years of age, pregnant women, and people who have had Sonne's dysentery in the past year ( if the diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory).

Anti-epidemic measures for dysentery

Anti-epidemic measures for dysentery include:

• Carrying out sanitary and educational work among the population. Doctors should educate people about the ways of spread, the mechanisms of infection and the first clinical manifestations of dysentery, as well as about methods of preventing infection.
• Regular examination of water bodies and food enterprises for the presence of pathogenic species of the infectious agent in them.
• Regular preventive examination of employees of kindergartens, schools and public catering places in order to identify hidden or chronic forms of dysentery.
• Early detection, registration, full diagnostics and adequate treatment of all patients with signs of acute intestinal infection.
• When a case of dysentery is confirmed, it is mandatory to identify the source of infection. For this purpose, a study is made of all foods that the patient has consumed over the past few days. If he ate in canteens or other places of public catering, a special commission is sent to all these institutions, which collects material ( food products) in order to detect Shigella in them.
• Observation of all people who have been in contact with a person with dysentery for 7 days. All of them undergo a mandatory single bacteriological examination of feces. If necessary, dysenteric bacteriophages can be prescribed in prophylactic doses.
• Regular wet cleaning of the room ( in home treatment) or chambers ( while being treated in a hospital) in which the patient is located.

Quarantine for dysentery

The reason for declaring quarantine for dysentery may be:

• Simultaneous appearance of clinical signs of dysentery in two or more persons in the same group ( in kindergarten, in the classroom and so on). In this case, quarantine is declared in the group. Within 7 days, none of the children can be transferred to another group. All those in contact with the patient should undergo a bacteriological examination and begin taking dysenteric bacteriophages in prophylactic doses.
• Identification of a repeated case of dysentery in the group within 7 days. In this case, the preventive measures are as described above.
• Identification of signs of dysentery in two or more persons in the same locality who do not work/study in the same institution. In this case, there is a high probability that the infection is present in a local reservoir or in a public canteen. Suspicious institutions and reservoirs are closed, and water and food samples are sent to the laboratory for detailed examination. At the same time, all residents of the settlement are advised to follow the rules of personal hygiene, as well as to use only well-processed ( thermally) food and boiled water.

Complications and consequences of dysentery

Dysentery can be aggravated by:

• relapse ( re-development) diseases. The most common complication that occurs as a result of improperly performed treatment ( for example, when antibiotic therapy is stopped too early).

• Bacterial infections from other organs and systems. With dysentery, the overall defenses of the body are reduced, which is also facilitated by a violation of the absorption of nutrients in case of damage to the small intestine and the loss of electrolytes during diarrhea. As a result, favorable conditions are created for the development of a bacterial infection in the lungs, urinary tract and other organs.
• Dysbacteriosis. With the development of dysentery, the constant intestinal microflora is destroyed, which is necessary for the normal process of digestion and absorption of certain vitamins. This can also be facilitated by long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. That is why during the recovery period, all patients are advised to take drugs that restore the normal intestinal microflora.
• Anal fissures. Characterized by damage gap) tissues in the anus as a result of frequent and pronounced urge to defecate.
• Perforation of an intestinal ulcer. A rare complication of dysentery, the development of which is promoted by severe ulceration of the intestinal wall. At the very moment of perforation, the patient experiences acute "dagger" pain in the abdomen. After perforation, bacteria and toxic substances in the intestinal lumen enter the abdominal cavity, leading to the development of peritonitis ( inflammation of the peritoneum) is a life-threatening condition requiring surgical treatment.
• Infectious-toxic shock. The most formidable complication that can develop at the peak of a severe form of dysentery as a result of severe intoxication of the body and damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. It is characterized by a pronounced decrease in blood pressure, which can cause impaired blood supply to the brain and death of the patient. The sick are pale, their consciousness is often disturbed, the pulse is weak, rapid ( over 100 beats per minute). With the development of this complication, urgent hospitalization of the patient in the intensive care unit is indicated.

Why is dysentery dangerous during pregnancy?

Dysentery during pregnancy can lead to:

• to intrauterine fetal death. The cause of this phenomenon may be a pronounced intoxication of the mother's body, as well as a violation of the blood supply to the fetus as a result of various complications ( in particular with the development of infectious-toxic shock). Also, intrauterine death of the fetus can be facilitated by dehydration of the mother's body, accompanied by the loss of a large amount of electrolytes.
• to premature birth. Frequent tenesmus ( false, painful urge to defecate), accompanied by a pronounced contraction of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, can provoke a premature onset of labor.
• to infect the child. Infection with dysentery can occur in utero or at the time of childbirth, due to the proximity of the external genitalia and anus in women. Also, in women with large dysentery, it is quite often possible to detect intestinal microflora or even the causative agent of dysentery ( specifically Shigella Flexner) in the vagina.
• To the death of the mother during childbirth. This can be facilitated by a decrease in the compensatory reserves of the maternal organism ( as a result of a progressive infectious and inflammatory process), as well as damage to the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system.

Why is dysentery dangerous in children?

Dysentery in children is characterized by:

• More pronounced symptoms of intoxication. The immune system of the child's body is not completely formed and is not able to adequately respond to the introduction of Shigella. Clinically, this is manifested by a more pronounced increase in temperature ( up to 38 - 40 degrees from the first day of the disease), loss of appetite, lethargy, tearfulness.
• Difficulties in diagnosis. Children ( especially newborns and infants) cannot adequately describe their complaints. Instead, they just cry, scream, and refuse to eat. In this case, dysentery can be suspected only on the basis of frequent copious stools, fever and signs of systemic intoxication. However, a number of childhood diseases also have similar clinical manifestations, which is why it is necessary to carry out a bacteriological examination of feces as soon as possible and begin treatment.
• The rapid development of complications. The compensatory systems of the child's body have not yet been formed, as a result of which, with profuse diarrhea, dehydration in children occurs much faster than in adults ( signs of dehydration of mild or moderate severity may appear by the end of the first day after the onset of the disease). That is why it is extremely important to start the use of rehydrating agents in a timely manner ( replenishing fluid loss) funds, and if necessary, resort to intravenous fluids and electrolytes.

The detonators of this disease are bacteria belonging to the genus Shigella. These pathogens are able to multiply in salads, vinaigrettes and other food products from 3-60 days. In some cases, the duration of their existence in this environment can be increased by 2 times.

Sources of infection:

• sick. Infection occurs through close contact, as well as through dirty hands. In order to prevent the risk of infection, the patient must wear a gauze bandage. It is not expensive, so everyone can afford it;
• "chronic" carriers of bacteria. They release pathogens into the environment along with feces. The term for isolating shigella does not exceed seven days. But, as a rule, it can take up to 2-3 weeks.

The most susceptible to infection are citizens with the second blood group.

How does infection occur?

When these microorganisms are destroyed, a poisonous substance is accentuated, which in fact causes the manifestation of dysentery. As it has already become clear, the gastrointestinal tract is mainly affected, with predominant localization in the large intestine. When toxic substances enter the circulatory system, the adrenal glands and other organs of the digestive tract are affected. They also affect the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Incubation lasts 1-7 days, but the period can be reduced to 12 hours. When pathogenic microorganisms enter the stomach, they will remain in it for several hours. After overcoming the acid barrier, they enter directly into the intestines. There they attach to its inner walls and begin to produce the toxin. It increases the release of salts and fluid into the intestinal lumen.

These microorganisms begin to move briskly, thereby provoking more inflammatory processing in the small intestine. The released toxin enters the bloodstream and causes the development of intoxication.

In one group of patients, a carrier state is formed, while in others, a chronic form is formed. This is due to the fact that with insufficient strength of the immune system, the excretion of pathogenic microorganisms from the body is delayed up to several months. The form and severity of dysentery depends on how a person became infected, and how many bacteria got into his body.

Symptoms

This disease manifests itself with the following initial symptoms:

• high fever, chills;
• feeling of weakness, malaise;
• anorexia;
• headache;
• lowering blood pressure.

The destruction of the gastrointestinal tract is expressed by unbearable pain. At first they will be blunt, distributed throughout the abdomen, then sharp, cramping, localized in the lower abdomen. As a rule, pain syndromes intensify before going to the toilet. Therefore, it is better not to start the treatment of dysentery (the doctor himself will tell about this).

Light form

It proceeds according to the following scenario:

• the chill has a short period;
• body temperature up to 38 degrees Celsius;
• before going to the toilet, there are mild pains in the abdominal cavity. The frequency of bowel movements up to ten times a day, the content of blood and mucus was not detected. Feces are semi-liquid or mushy. Diarrhea and signs of infection persist for up to three days. Absolute recovery does not come as quickly as we would like: after 2-3 weeks.

Moderate form:

• body temperature with chills reaches the mark on the thermometer up to 39 ° C, and lasts for several hours, sometimes up to 2-4 days;
• worried about headache, anorexia, dizziness;
• frequent urge to go to the toilet, a feeling of an incomplete bowel movement. This can be observed about 10-20 times a day. In the feces, mucus with blood streaks is visible;
• increased nervous excitability, pallor of the skin;
• white thick coating on the tongue.

Stabilization of the gastrointestinal tract is observed no earlier than a month and a half.

Severe form:

• pronounced intoxication, profound disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• temperature reaches forty degrees and above. At the same time, patients begin to complain of weakness, unbearable headache;
• hiccups, nausea, vomiting;
• pain in the abdomen, accompanied by frequent urge to urinate and defecate. The chair can be observed more than twenty times a day.

The recovery period comes very slowly, 2 months. The diagnosis of "chronic form of dysentery" is determined only if the disease lasts more than 90 days.

ATTENTION! COMPLICATIONS: pneumonia, peritonitis, damage to the nervous system, infectious toxic shock.

Diagnostic measures

In order to make a true diagnosis for a person, specialists are required to conduct all the necessary laboratory tests available in the standard mode:

1. Detection of antigens of pathogens and their toxins in the blood, feces, urine, saliva. To do this, use immunological methods that have a high rate of specificity and sensitivity. This procedure is called rapid diagnosis of intestinal diarrheal infections.
2. Confirmation of the diagnosis "Dysentery". It is carried out by serological and bacteriological methods.

With a three-time study of seeding shingella from feces, it provides 100% confirmation of the diagnosis in almost half of the patients.

Treatment: dysentery

The prescribed therapy is based on the degree and form of the current disease. Basically, it should be strictly individualized and complex in order to achieve positive dynamics. So, patients with a severe form are assigned strict adherence to bed rest, with a mild form - a ward regimen and physiotherapy exercises, with a moderate degree - it is allowed to go to the toilet.

Therapeutic nutrition is the most important component of complex treatment. During the period of acute illness with significant intestinal pathologies, table number four is prescribed. When the patient's condition stabilizes a little: appetite appears and intestinal tract dysfunctions decrease, they are transferred to table No. 2. A few days before the person is discharged home, the patient goes to the common table. The remaining recommendations will be announced by the attending physician, they will need to be carried out until the last day indicated in the outpatient list.

Antibacterial therapy is prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of Shigella to the recommended drug. A combination of several antibiotics is prescribed only in extreme severe cases, and then, after repeated laboratory work has been carried out. Based on these indications, it is necessary to select a treatment regimen.

How long does dysentery take to cure?

Treatment, dysentery requires a very long, and preferably under the supervision of qualified professionals. But, as a rule, the duration of therapy is determined by the degree of the disease.

Moderate form: 5-7 days

During these days, the patient must take drugs belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones:

• ciprofloxacin 1/2 tablet twice a day. If it is not available, you can take ofloxacin 0.2 grams twice a day;
• cotrimoxazole - in the morning and in the evening on a tablet;
• intetrix: two tablets three times a day.

With "Zonna" and "Flexner" (subspecies of bacteria), a polyvalent dysenteric bacteriophage is prescribed. The drug is available in tablet and liquid form. Take an hour before you sit down at the table - in the morning, afternoon and evening, 2-3 tablets. If you buy in the form of a suspension, then 30-40 ml the same number of times.

ATTENTION! During diarrhea, plenty of fluids are indicated. It can be: sweet tea, or 5% glucose solution. Also in pharmacies, they are sold ready-made. These are Regidron, Citroglucosalan, Gastrolit and some others. It will be a positive thing if these funds are constantly in the home first aid kit. Indeed, often people go to the clinic with food poisoning, where vomiting and diarrhea are also a key point.

Mild dysentery: 3-4 days

At the height of the disease, one of these drugs may be prescribed:

• furadonin 0.1 gr. four times a day;
• nifuroxazide 0.2 gr. morning, afternoon, evening and before bed;
• cotrimoxazole tablet twice a day;
• intetrix to take 1-2 tablets three times a day.

Severe: 7 or more days

Assign ofloxacin 1/4 tablet for reception in the morning and evening. In addition, take fluoroquinolones in combination with aminoglycosides. Enzyme preparations are used to neutralize toxins. On continuation of the entire course of treatment, vitamin complexes are required.

Dietary nutrition for dysentery

As soon as one of the family members has all the signs of this disease, it is necessary to immediately give him individual dishes and personal hygiene products. In the midst of acute attacks, it is recommended to drink whey, pure water, orange juice, weak and unsweetened tea. When it gets a little better, you can eat rice, cottage cheese and drink low-fat milk. Porridge is also allowed. They must be boiled in water without adding salt and sugar.

FORBIDDEN! Meat, coffee, sugar, white flour, spirits. It is necessary to carry out the transition to the usual diet very slowly and with extreme caution. Let's say, first use mashed vegetables and fruits, jelly, broths. After that (about a week later) fresh fish, eggs, cereals on the water from buckwheat and oatmeal, dairy products, stale rye or white bread.

Treatment with folk remedies:

• take five small spoons of crushed marshmallow roots and marsh rosemary herbs (a couple of teaspoons) put in a liter glass jar. Pour a liter of boiling water over and leave for fifteen minutes. Take orally 1 tbsp. spoon with an interval of a couple of hours;
• to stop diarrhea, you need to put medical cups on your stomach for 4 hours. If you do not know how to do it correctly, ask your doctor;
• two teaspoons of crushed pomegranate bark pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. Abbot a few minutes, take throughout the day. According to a similar recipe, you can prepare a decoction;
• Green tea has long been considered a strong antimicrobial agent. To do this, you need 50 grams of dry leaf tea to brew a liter of water. Let it brew for about thirty minutes, boil for one hour. At the same time, not forgetting to stir, strain at the end. Do not throw away the remaining tea leaves after filtering, it is suitable for reuse. It is necessary to pour it with two cups of boiled water, boil for ten minutes over moderate heat and strain. Take 2 tbsp. spoons four times a day before you sit down at the table.

A positive result is also observed after drinking a decoction of blackberries, which is used instead of the usual tea. Before applying one of the prescriptions, coordinate it with your doctor.

After the pathogen of dysentery enters the body, the first signs of the disease appear on average after 3 days, in some cases after 7. The first symptoms of the pathology are an increase in the central body temperature, usually up to 38 degrees, followed by chills and fever.

In rare cases, the temperature can reach 40 degrees, which completely excludes home treatment. The feverish state persists for about 3-5 days, then the temperature begins to drop. Occasionally, dysentery occurs without an increase in temperature, but this does not mean that the course of the disease is too mild, since pathology can cause quite serious consequences.

The disease is characterized by intoxication of the body, so the patient may complain of headache, general weakness, loss of appetite. These signs are observed quite early and speak of intoxication, which begins to grow rapidly.

The signs described above are the symptoms that accompany the development of dysentery and are directly related to the pathological effects of the pathogen toxin. Signs of a different nature are associated with the effect of shigella (the causative agent of dysentery) on the gastrointestinal tract.

Against this background, it is customary to distinguish several forms of dysentery:

• colitis;
• gastroenteritis;
• gastroenterocolitic.

Dysentery is of a bacterial nature, therefore, it most often occurs with damage to the large intestine, due to which colitis and gastroenterocolitic forms are mainly diagnosed.

Dysentery: characteristic symptoms

As a rule, dysentery most often proceeds according to the type of colitis, so it is advisable to consider precisely its signs.

The main signs of this form of dysentery are abdominal pain, the localization of which falls on the lower part of the small intestine. Pain is complemented by characteristic intestinal contractions and false urge to defecate. With dysentery, emptying is always scarce, with a mild form, the stool is liquid and with an admixture of mucus, with severe - slight discharge with streaks of blood.

With a mild disease, defecation can be up to 5-10 times a day, in severe cases - up to 50. Against this background, the patient has significant dehydration, requiring rehydration treatment. Also, severe odds of the pathology are characterized by the development of a violation of intestinal motor activity (peristalsis), due to spasms and swelling, which often occur with dysentery.

In the case of pathology of gastroenterocolitic and gastroenteric forms, vomiting and diarrhea, already expressed, join the general signs of dysentery.

As a result, obvious symptoms of dehydration of the body and a violation of the water and electrolyte balance develop. The insidiousness of dysentery lies in the ability to imitate any other intestinal infection, so the delivery of laboratory tests is an important aspect in making the correct diagnosis.

Chronic dysentery: symptoms of pathology

Incorrect or untimely treatment of dysentery provokes its transition into a chronic form. In this case, a recurrent and continuous form of the disease is distinguished.

In clinical practice, a recurrent form is more common, characterized by alternating exacerbation of dysentery and improvement in the patient's condition. Symptoms of chronic dysentery are equated to symptoms of pathology of moderate severity.

In some cases, dysentery can run continuously. However, this phenomenon is rare and is diagnosed mainly in elderly patients. Against the background of the continuous course and age of patients, progressive dysbacteriosis, disruption of the digestive tract and general exhaustion of the body are added to the standard symptoms of pathology.

Dysentery: treatment at home

How and how to treat dysentery at home? It should be noted right away that the treatment of dysentery at home is allowed for mild forms of pathology. In the case of progression of the disease and the development of more serious symptoms (they were mentioned above), you should contact the infectious diseases department of a medical institution.

With simple forms of dysentery in adults, when the symptoms are not expressed, it is quite possible to treat at home. If you notice the first symptoms of the disease - increase fluid intake, and also enter the drug Regidron. The tool is used to restore the acid-base balance in diarrhea and vomiting due to acute intestinal infections (acute intestinal infections). Please note that with this disease, antidiarrheal drugs are excluded. Further treatment is prescribed only by a doctor, it should be comprehensive and selected individually.

With a mild degree of dysentery, the following antibacterial drugs are most often prescribed:

• Furadonin;
• Nitroxoline;
• Macrofoam.

With a disease of moderate severity, stronger drugs are prescribed:

• Ofloxacin;
• Enterofuril.

In the case of severe forms of the disease, antibiotics and broad-spectrum antibacterials are prescribed, usually 3-4 generations:

• Ofloxacin;
• Tsiprolet;
• Ceftriaxone.

With pronounced intoxication, crystalloid solutions in the form of droppers can be added to the main treatment. Also, for any form of dysentery, enterosorbent preparations and enzyme agents (Atoxil, Pancreatin) are prescribed. Atoxil eliminates signs of intoxication and removes toxins, Pancreatin- normalizes the work of the intestines and pancreas.

To eliminate intestinal spasms and pain prescribed Drotaverine(antispasmodic) and Nalgezin forte (pain reliever). It is mandatory to appoint Regidron to eliminate dehydration.

In addition to standard dysentery, there are other types of diseases that require a special approach to therapy. Thus, Sonne and Flexner's dysentery is treated with the help of a dysentery polyvalent bacteriophage. The drug is approved for use by adults and children from 6 months.

The chronic form of pathology also has its own characteristics. Comprehensive treatment includes not only taking antibacterial agents and rehydrate solutions, but also a course of immunomodulating agents.

Treatment of dysentery is impossible without diet. As a rule, products that provoke fermentation in the intestines are excluded: fruits, bread, some types of vegetables, smoked meats, semi-finished products.

Without fail, increase fluid intake (water without gas, dried fruit compotes) up to 2-3 liters per day.

Treatment of dysentery at home: diet

To achieve the highest possible therapeutic effect, drug therapy should be accompanied by a certain diet, diet. Prescribe gentle products, namely dietary table according to Pevzner (No. 4). During the rehabilitation period, it is recommended to observe table number 2, on average it is about 4 weeks.

All dishes must be boiled or steamed. It is allowed to eat meat and fish of low-fat varieties, cereals on the water, crackers or yesterday's bread, vegetable / meat broths, jelly, not strong tea, compotes. all food should contain a minimum amount of salt and acid, the use of hot spices and peppers is excluded.

When treating dysentery at home, as well as during the rehabilitation period, the intake of alcoholic beverages, carbonated water, canned food, legumes, and fresh pastries is completely excluded.

Basically, the diet is the basis on the table for patients with exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease. Therefore, all meals are divided into 5-6 times, portions are small.

Treatment with folk remedies

It should be noted right away that the use of traditional medicine recipes is advisable in combination with drug treatment, when both therapies enhance the therapeutic effect of each other. Treatment with folk remedies as the main therapy is not justified.

As additional methods of treatment, you can use the following methods of traditional medicine:

1. Burdock juice. Take 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day before meals.
2. Herbal collection. Consists of wild rosemary leaves, marshmallow root, oregano. All components are mixed in equal proportions and brewed. Drink 25 ml every 3 hours.
3. Blueberry. Dry berries are used. For 1 liter of boiling water, 250 grams of berries are brewed in a water bath and drunk 50 ml 3-4 times a day.
4. Herbal collection No. 2. In equal quantities are taken: plantain, mountaineer pepper, Ivan-tea, marshmallow root. The mixture is infused in a water bath with a ratio of 1 to 2. Take 100 ml 3 times a day before meals.

To reduce the severity of unpleasant symptoms, you can use an alcohol extract of propolis. The tool is sold in pharmacy chains, used at the rate of 1 teaspoon per 450 ml of water. Take 100 ml 3-5 times a day. The therapeutic course is 7-10 days. Please note that this recipe is not suitable for patients with intolerance to bee products.

If the patient does not have allergies, it is recommended to eat a small amount of natural honey during the day. Such a product contributes to the faster elimination of Shigella during bowel movements. Due to this, recovery is observed much faster.