Is it possible to get staphylococcus aureus from a human? Staphylococcal infection: causes, signs, diagnosis, how to treat. Additional methods of examination can be

Staphylococci are a group of bacteria (germs or germs) that can cause a range of infectious diseases in various body tissues. People with a weak immune system are most susceptible to the development of ailments. The consequences of diseases associated with bacterial infection can be both minor and lethal outcome. Under a microscope, infectious microbes look like round berries, hence their name.

The disease is so common that about 20% of patients worldwide annually treat this particular problem. Staphylococcus, which actually lives very much on the skin of about 30% of even healthy people. Interestingly, microscopic bacteria can choose a location convenient for them on your body - from head to toe, perhaps even in the mouth, ears or nose. A strong immune system protects the body from the negative effects of pests, so adverse reactions appear only in patients with health problems.

By their nature, as scientists managed to prove, they are contagious, and the sick person himself acts as a carrier. And this despite the fact that he may not even be aware of the infection. Researchers are wary that some microbes are so persistent that even antibiotics can't get rid of them. This means that some blood-borne infections caused by resistant staph cannot be treated. strong drugs. Therefore, there is a need for an integrated approach and the choice of the most effective methods to get rid of the infection. Staphylococci can cause serious ailments and cause organ inflammation.

The manifestation of symptoms depends on a number of factors. First of all, the doctor determines how much the infection has spread, and which organs have been infected. Also, the protective functions of the body affect the severity of the signs. With a weakened immune system, it is difficult to fight bacteria without taking potent medications. Most susceptible virus attacks children, pregnant and lactating women, patients after surgery or injury. Staph infections arise from bacteria entering pores through pierced skin or into the gastrointestinal tract from contaminated food.

Staphylococcus aureus manifests itself in the form of the formation of purulent deposits and inflammatory processes in organs and tissues. Also, the patient may experience disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, if we are talking about the location of bacteria in the intestine. Of the first symptoms that can be identified independently, skin defects in the form of a rash, acne, boils are considered. During lactation, women may develop purulent mastitis.

Interestingly, bacteria that are dangerous to health in some cases provoke tonsillitis, rhinitis, otitis media, pharyngitis and other ailments that affect the respiratory tract. In young children high risks development of pneumonia when the infection enters the lungs.

Complications only become a problem when they spread to deeper parts of the body where they are difficult to detect. If the danger is not eliminated in a timely manner, bacteria begin to multiply. Sometimes they may circulatory system get to connective tissue, joints, bones and vital important organs such as the lungs or the heart.

Since the infection can be localized in different parts body and organs, the symptoms and signs are different. Although patients with weak immunity usually most susceptible to developing staph infections, healthy people are also at risk.

Here are some of the most common symptoms of a staph infection:

redness, swelling and pain: appear due to clamping nerve endings and vascular disorders
painful rash: Several types of rash can be caused by staph infections. For example, impetigo is the formation of large blisters filled with fluid. Cellulitis is caused by an infection in the deeper layers of the dermis (most often on the legs);
in children, the infection may masquerade as scalded skin syndrome, causing a rash or blisters that open and expose raw skin. Some also develop fever symptoms;
Bactemia develops when staph bacteria reach the bloodstream. Similar signs observed with damage to the digestive system and vital organs;
signs of food poisoning: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and dizziness;
low blood pressure and a feeling of trembling;
manifestations of fever: chills, loss of appetite, trembling, indigestion or weakness;
acute manifestations of the disease: toxicity, skin rash, muscle pain;
symptoms of septic arthritis: swelling and pain in the joints, especially the knees. Septic arthritis can also cause pain and inflammation in the spine, feet, ankles, hips, wrists, hands, elbows, and shoulders.

One of the most serious conditions caused by staph infection is endocarditis. Damage to the inner lining of the heart sharp deterioration condition and leads to pathologies. It can also affect blood flow and sometimes cause lung damage, congestive heart failure, or kidney problems.

How is it transmitted?

First of all, the most attentive to the state of their health should be patients with a weak immune system or people who often resort to injections, artificially worsening the protective functions of the body. Staphylococcus is transmitted as a result of intramuscular feeding of children or during hemodialysis. With any, even the most insignificant, defects of the skin, the chances of infection of the body increase. The infection is also transmitted by airborne droplets upon contact with a carrier. Bacteria cannot be seen, but they hide everywhere: household items, dust, food.

Embryos are also transmitted through the mucous membrane respiratory system, urinary and digestive tract. At the place where the accumulation of bacteria is formed, purulent formations and inflammation are observed. When you eat contaminated food or undergo surgery, staph bacteria can enter the body, travel through the bloodstream, and attack important vital organs. They multiply inside closed parts of the body, forming abscesses, which provoke the accumulation of pus, redness, fever, swelling and pain. Infection is especially dangerous if it enters parts of the body that are normally blocked from infection, have no access to air, and have poor circulation.

As the staph bacteria continue to reproduce inside the affected area, the immune system reacts with inflammation to fight off the infection. Inflammation caused by the patient's own immune system is part of what leads to the destructive symptoms of a staph infection. Toxins released from staphylococcus bacteria are a kind of immune response.

Risk factors

There are several most typical situations when the probability of catching staphylococcus is quite high:

long stays in the hospital or crowded places where bacteria can spread between people. Patients in the hospital are most likely to contract MRSA infection, especially if they already have a weakened immune system due to other ailments or heavy medications;
spending long periods of time in public places where you may be near other sick children or adults, including kindergartens, schools or universities, transportation;
during surgery, especially when it comes to implant placement. Bacteria can sometimes build up around these foreign objects. After infection, they enter the body through surgical incisions;
injuries, wounds, stitches, cuts that remain open and untreated.
eating foods that are contaminated with bacteria cause food poisoning. These can be: meat, raw vegetables or fruits, dairy products;
disregard for hygiene rules. If you don't wash your hands after using public bathrooms, go to a health facility/gym;
weakened immune function due to bad diet, deficit nutrients, allergies and unhealthy image life.

Features of treatment

At the first stage, as in other diseases, the correct and most important accurate diagnosis. It is carried out by a doctor on the basis of severe symptoms, complaints, tests that help determine the area of accumulation of bacteria. Most often, to get rid of Staphylococcus aureus, the doctor makes a small tear in the affected area of the skin. This reduces inflammation and drains excess blood or dead cells that form pus.

In many cases, abscesses caused by staph infections can become blocked from drainage and cause pain and swelling. Such formations are localized in the deep layers of the dermis, and therefore they are not visually noticeable. Antibiotics such as cephalosporins, nafcillin, and sulfa drugs are commonly used to fight staph bacteria. However, drug treatment not always able to overcome some types of infections. For example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the most common type of staph that is resistant to antibiotics and causes serious infections in thousands of patients a year.

Prevention and Precautions

Since it is quite difficult to protect yourself from infection, you only have to take measures that can reduce the risks. Prevention is the most effective way protect your body from influence dangerous bacteria. Since staphylococcus aureus is inherently quite resistant to antibiotics and all sorts of methods treatment, it is better to warn him than to live in fear for your health. The consequences caused infectious disease, not only scare, but also make you think about possible ways to protect yourself.

Interestingly, in the dried state, the bacterium is able to survive for about six months, and in the dust - up to 100 days. Even with a decrease in temperature, exposure to sunlight, staphylococcus retains its properties. The only intolerable medium for him is boiling, treatment with a 5% phenol solution.

- personal hygiene - rule number 1. Do not ignore washing your hands, changing your underwear to prevent staph from entering your body;
- help strengthen immunity: regular exercise, hardening, a healthy diet or proper nutrition, rejection bad habits, dosed intake vitamin complex;

- prevention of influenza epidemics, seasonal vaccine to avoid the manifestation of ailments that can affect the immune system and worsen protective function organism;

— timely appeal see a doctor in case of noticeable health deviations and treatment of diseases;

- maintaining cleanliness in the house, workplace, regular wet cleaning, ventilation of the room where bacteria can accumulate;

- contact only reliable centers medical services and beauty centers.

Important: at the first characteristic symptoms staphylococcus to contact a specialist to exclude infection or proceed to effective treatment.

CONCLUSION: some staphylococcus bacteria, including MRSA, are resistant to antibiotic therapy and therefore represent greatest risk for the health of the population. Symptoms of infection can affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, heart, blood vessels, joints, lungs, and bones. Some of the most common signs of a staph infection are food poisoning, skin rashes, blistering, joint pain and fever.

Prevention and natural treatment include boosting immunity healthy diet, daily wash hands, cleaning and disinfecting your environment. Because these infections can be serious and contagious, you should see your doctor at the first sign of a staph infection. This is especially important for infants or children, the elderly, patients after surgery. Do not ignore the signals from your body, which often tells you that you need medical attention. Take care of yourself and do not endanger others.

Many people are interested in this issue. Is staphylococcus contagious? Read all about infection with staphylococcus aureus in this article. The staphylococcus bacterium is transmitted by airborne droplets or due to poor hygiene. Staphylococcus infection is possible through open wounds, burns, the bacterium can enter through the eyes, skin or blood.

Is staphylococcus contagious?

Transmission of staphylococcal infections is possible through the use of medical instruments, catheters, dressings, various care items, and transmission through food is also very common.

Is staphylococcus re-infectious? There is an opinion that with a single infection with staphylococcus there will be a recurrence of the disease. This is due to the fact that it is not always possible to destroy all microbes during treatment. Those that remain may exist permanently long period until a specific pathogen appears. Given the ability of bacteria to harden to the influence of antibiotics, subsequent infections with staphylococcus will take place in a complicated form.

The body itself also adapts to the presence harmful bacteria staphylococcus, so the likelihood that you will get sick again and again is very high.

The impact was once quite effective remedy- penicillin, this moment came down to zero results. Staphylococcus bacteria can withstand temperatures up to 150ºС for 10 minutes, survive in conditions extreme cold. Bacteria do not die even in pure ethyl alcohol. Its molecules are capable of destroying hydrogen peroxide, resistant to sunlight and NaCl salts.

Important information about staphylococcus infection

Dangerous for him is only a brilliant green solution, or in a simple way - brilliant green and chlorophyllipt. Such bacteria are capable of forming purulent and inflammatory processes in the body.

It is worth being wary of the waste products of staphylococcal bacteria. The coagulase enzyme they produce promotes strong blood clotting. Microbes can get inside blood clots and protect them from immune protection organism. As a result of their interaction, these bacteria can cause sepsis or blood poisoning, the treatment of which is impossible, it is only necessary to do a transfusion.

Another waste product is the enzyme enterotoxin, which, being produced in the intestines, leads to severe poisoning. The presence of staphylococcus aureus in the lungs can be the causative agent of pneumonia. Bacteria can infect any human organ, cause purulent processes in them.

In many people, staphylococcus infection may be detected in tests, but this does not mean that it is dangerous for everyone. If there are no symptoms of the manifestation of the disease, then treatment of this problem is not required.

It usually occurs through airborne droplets or through food. You can also become infected with staphylococcus aureus and household way, having dirty hands or through non-sterile medical devices. That is why, very often, a person acquires the staphylococcus bacterium while in the hospital.

Causes of staphylococcus infection

Favorable conditions for the development of staphylococcus bacteria is a weakened organism, the presence different types bacteria, dysbacteriosis. The likelihood of infection increases if a patient who is in a medical institution is treated only intravenous catheter, uses an internal power supply apparatus, artificial ventilation lung or hemodialysis.

Infection with staphylococcus very often occurs during the procedure of piercing or tattooing, in which sanitary and hygienic conditions are not observed.

There are many symptoms of staph infection. They manifest themselves depending on the types of bacteria and on the disease itself, which is provoked by them. negative impact.

Skin diseases associated with staphylococcus are furuncle, carbuncle, boils, phlegmon, sycosis, abscess of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. This bacterium manifests itself in the form of burns.

A strong effect of bacteria on bones and joints has been noticed. Patients with staphylococcus infection suffer from osteomyelitis and arthritis. Hazardous effect almost all organs are affected. Infection of the heart with staphylococcus is accompanied by staphylococcal endocarditis, pneumonia and pleurisy occur on the lungs, tonsillitis forms on the throat, the presence of bacteria in gastrointestinal tract lead to enteritis and enterocolitis.

When staphylococcus bacteria enters the brain, staphylococcal meningitis and brain abscess can begin to develop. Dangerous for the body is enterotoxin, which is released from staphylococcus bacteria. It can lead to poisoning.

What to do with staphylococcus aureus?

The treatment of staphylococcus aureus is a difficult task. misuse Bacteria become accustomed to antibiotics, and then it becomes more difficult to destroy them.

Complex treatment when infected with staphylococcus, it consists in surgical intervention, if necessary, normalization metabolic processes body, stimulation of immunity, the use of vitamins, biological additives and a variety of mineral preparations.

Surgical intervention when infected with staphylococcus involves the removal purulent formations. To improve immunity, it is good to use drugs that include eleutherococcus, ginseng, cordyceps, chinese lemongrass and echinacea.

Staphylococcus occupies one of the first places among the many pathogenic microorganisms: how the infection is transmitted, how to avoid infection - reasonably frequently asked questions.

At active growth bacteria appear pronounced, very characteristics which cannot be ignored. Timely treatment help avoid serious complications.

Staphylococcus - what is it?

Staphylococcus is a gram-positive bacterium in the form of a ball, characterized by low mobility, forms groups similar to a bunch of grapes. This pathogenic microorganism belongs to conditionally pathogenic microflora, lives in the nose, pharynx and on the skin, is activated against the background of weakened immunity and chronic diseases.

What types of bacteria are most dangerous to humans:

Saprophytic staphylococcus - affects the organs of the genitourinary system, lives on the epithelium of the genital organs, the urinary canal, provokes the development of cystitis, nephritis.
more widely distributed than the other two brothers and much more dangerous than them. When infected, purulent and inflammatory processes develop on the skin, in the nasopharynx, heart, and blood vessels.
Epidermal staphylococcus - lives on the skin, through scratches it can penetrate into the bloodstream, which will cause inflammation of the lining of the heart, meninges, blood poisoning and so on.

Infection treatment

The basis of staphylococcus therapy is antibacterial drugs, they are prescribed after receiving the results of tests for the sensitivity of bacteria to the active substances of drugs.

Drug groups:

antibiotics - Ampiox, Amoxiclav, Gentamicin, cefepime;
- modern and safe method therapy, active substances affect only pathogenic bacteria, do not provide pernicious influence on the state of the body as a whole;
immunomodulators - Polyoxidonium, Thymogen;
administration intramuscularly or intravenously antitoxic serum, anti-staphylococcal plasma.

In the treatment of staphylococcal furunculosis, the method of autohemotransfusion is used - the patient is injected intramuscularly with his own venous blood, after destruction, decay products begin to stimulate local immunity. If the treatment does not bring the desired result, abscesses and boils are opened surgically.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is resistant to most antibacterial drugs; only Linezolid, Fusidin, Vancomycin, they must be taken in conjunction with Biseptol.

How not to get infected?

To avoid staphylococcal infections, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the body's defenses - in a child and an adult with strong immunity the chance of infection is small.

Prevention of staphylococcal infections:

careful observance of hygiene rules - hands should be washed as often as possible, try not to touch your face once again, each family member should use their own towel;
even minor scratches must be treated immediately antiseptic preparation, seal with adhesive tape or apply a sterile bandage;
eat properly and balanced, refuse junk food, bad habits;
get enough sleep, avoid stress and hypothermia;
move more, take daily walks on fresh air, do not forget about hardening procedures;
ventilate the room more often, regularly carry out wet cleaning in the room;
timely carry out the prevention of influenza and SARS, do not delay the treatment of caries, diseases of the nasopharynx and genitourinary system;
it is good to wash vegetables and fruits, meat, fish, eggs, subject to thorough heat treatment, use only purified water;
use condoms.

Since staphylococcus often begins to actively multiply during pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo a diagnosis in advance, constantly monitor the number of pathogenic bacteria in the body.

From the video you will learn about common mistakes in the treatment of staphylococcus according to the results of the tests:

Staphylococcal infections are dangerous for human life and health, especially for children. Timely diagnosis and properly selected drugs will help to avoid the development severe complications, and the observance of simple preventive measures minimizes the risk of infection or recurrence of the disease.

Staphylococcus aureus is a very common and very dangerous opportunistic bacterium that can affect anyone, regardless of gender and age. These microorganisms are widely distributed in rooms where there are many people.

The source of infection is an infected adult or child. Are activated pathogenic microorganisms those who have a sharp decline immunity or deterioration in general condition.

One of the most difficult types of staphylococcus aureus is considered. It is he who causes various diseases of the throat. And with its overly active reproduction, a person can even get purulent tonsillitis.

Despite the fact that the microorganism itself has been sufficiently studied, the staphylococcal infection caused by it remains one of the most serious illnesses. The interesting fact due to the high variability of staphylococcus and its ability to quickly develop resistance to various antibiotics(especially if the patient does not comply with the dose, the frequency of taking the medicine and the duration of the course).

Staphylococcus aureus: what is it?

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium appearance ball-like. The disease is very common. According to the data, 20% of the world's population are already direct carriers of staphylococcus aureus.

It is found everywhere: on the skin, in the nose, in the intestines, throat and even on the genitals. This prevalence also affects the number of diseases that the bacterium can accompany and cause.

Among the main causes contributing to the development of staphylococcal infection, there are:

The presence of chronic diseases;
Decreased immunity due to stress, beriberi, antibiotics, malnutrition and taking immunosuppressive drugs;
Interaction with a potential carrier of an infection (for example, which is transmitted by airborne droplets);
Failure to comply with sanitary standards for cuts, abrasions on the body, open wounds. Infection of a wound with staphylococcus aureus can lead to its suppuration and lead, ultimately, to blood poisoning;
Eating unwashed fruits, vegetables, and other contaminated foods.

Often, Staphylococcus aureus infection also affects children. risk factors in this case are:

Pathological pregnancy;
Long anhydrous period in childbirth;
Preeclampsia during pregnancy;
Hypotrophy of the newborn;
The birth of a premature baby;
Non-compliance with the personal hygiene of the child.

The most a big problem in the fight against staphylococcus aureus is that it has amazing vitality. Neither cold, nor direct sunlight, nor lack of moisture can affect this microorganism. Even a practically dried staphylococcus bacterium retains its properties.

How is Staphylococcus aureus transmitted?

In most cases, infection occurs in medical institutions. Staphylococcus aureus is transmitted both by airborne droplets and through food (infected meat, eggs, dairy products, pastries, cream cakes) or household items.

Infection enters the child's body also through microtrauma of the skin or mucous membranes respiratory tract. Maximum risk Premature infants and immunocompromised infants are exposed to infection. During childbirth, through wounds or scratches, and through breast milk the mother can infect the child. If the bacteria entered the mother's body through cracked nipples, this can lead to purulent mastitis she has.

Staphylococcus aureus in children and newborns

One of the toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, exfoliatin, tends to severely affect newborns. The secreted poison penetrates into the pores of the skin and provokes the appearance of blisters, outwardly resembling burns and because of this they are called the "scalded baby" syndrome.

This disease rarely affects newborns, since for 6 months they are protected by the immunity received from mother's milk, in parallel, from the contact of the baby with bacteria, additional immunity is developed, which continues to protect him. To prevent diseases in a child, it is necessary to carefully monitor his hygiene and nutrition.

Why is this bacterium dangerous?

When the body's defenses are weakened, the infection wakes up and causes various diseases up to blood poisoning or sepsis. The high pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is associated with three factors.

Firstly, the microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics and environmental factors (can withstand boiling for 10 minutes, drying, freezing, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, with the exception of "brilliant green").
Secondly, Staphylococcus aureus produces the enzymes penicillinase and lidase, which makes it protected from almost all antibiotics. penicillin series and helps to melt the skin, including sweat glands and penetrate deep into the body.
And thirdly, the microbe produces endotoxin, which leads to both food poisoning, and the syndrome general intoxication organism, up to the development of infectious-toxic shock.

And, of course, it should be noted that there is no immunity to the disease, so an adult or child who managed to cure Staphylococcus aureus can become infected again.

Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus

In children and adults, staphylococci cause various lesions - abscesses, sycoses, hidradenitis, carbuncles, periostitis, panaritiums, osteomyelitis, blepharitis, folliculitis, boils, pyoderma, meningitis, peritonitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis.

Consider the most common diseases that Staphylococcus aureus can cause.

Gastrointestinal tract. Within a few hours after eating food that has been seeded with staphylococci, the development of food toxicosis begins. Repeated vomiting begins, nausea and dry mouth appear. Worried about diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Skin diseases. Depending on the area affected by staphylococcus aureus, skin diseases divided into phlegmon or abscesses, boils or carbuncles. A furuncle is characterized by a slight redness, thickening and soreness of the skin, a carbuncle is more serious illness, which involves several hair follicles at once. May be accompanied elevated temperature, weakness, loss of strength.
Pneumonia: most common in children, especially small ones, also diagnosed in debilitated people; characterized short period initial fever with rapid development respiratory failure, may occur severe symptoms obstruction.
Mucous. Often the pathogen is found in the nasopharynx and throat. If an infection develops, inflammatory processes are observed in the ears, nose, throat. In severe forms occur,. Not always pustular secret comes to the surface. Unfortunately, this makes diagnosis difficult.
Bacterial endocarditis is one of the complications of staphylococcal bacteremia. Most often it develops in people with a weakened immune system, as well as in drug addicts.
Ritter's disease or "scalded skin" syndrome is another manifestation of staphylococcal infection, occurring mainly in newborns and children. early age. The manifestations of the disease can similar rash) or (a focus of red inflamed skin with even borders) that occurs with streptococcal infections.
Toxic shock is the most severe disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It starts suddenly and proceeds with fever, dizziness and headache, reduced pressure, palpitations and vomiting. A rash appears in the form of spots all over the body or in some places. A week later, peeling of the skin is observed.

As you can see, depending on the area affected by Staphylococcus aureus, the symptoms in children and adults are fundamentally different. They are directly related to the site of introduction of the bacterium into the body, the state immune system the patient and the aggressiveness of the pathogen. The appropriate treatment for Staphylococcus aureus will depend on the specific location of the infection.

How to prevent infection

Take certain preventive measures to avoid infection.

Observe hygiene rules wash your hands well;
Do not touch, do not comb wounds, rashes on the skin;
Do not use other people's hygiene items: razors, combs, towels, etc.;
Follow all the rules heat treatment and food storage.

It is worth noting that severe forms staph infections are rare and usually occur in children with poor health, congenital diseases, malformations.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in adults

Staphylococcus is an unusually tenacious bacterium. As they say, it does not sink in water, it does not burn in fire. Highly resistant to environmental factors. It does not always die with various methods of disinfection: boiling, quartzing, the use of antiseptics, disinfection, autoclaving. This is the complexity of the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus. It is difficult to find antibacterial drugs that would affect staphylococcus aureus. Immunity to this bacterium is not produced, diseases can recur.

It is possible to cure Staphylococcus aureus, but due to the fact that this microorganism can develop resistance to antibiotics, the treatment process is sometimes complicated. The course of prescribed antibiotics must be completed completely, because if the patient does not complete the course, then not all Staphylococcus aureus (in the intestine or in another organ) will die, and subsequently he will acquire resistance to this drug.

In case of inefficiency or impossibility of carrying out antibiotic therapy patients are prescribed staphylococcal bacteriophage, which is essentially a bacterial virus. Its advantages lie in the fact that it acts only on certain pathogenic microorganisms, without damaging the normal microflora, and has no contraindications and side effects.

Most terrible enemies staphylococcus - a solution of brilliant green (common brilliant green) and chlorophyllipt in the form of oil or alcohol solution. Zelenka is used to treat wounds on the skin. Chlorophyllipt is prescribed by a doctor for the rehabilitation of the nasopharynx and throat.

Staphylococcus aureus in the intestine: symptoms and treatment

In most cases incubation period after infection with the type of bacterium in question is no more than a day, so the first signs may appear already after 5-6 hours.

Staphylococcus aureus in the intestine has the following symptoms:

indigestion, expressed by loose stools, while the urge to the toilet is very frequent (up to 10 times a day), and the consistency of the outgoing masses is watery with impurities of mucus or even blood;
cutting intense pain in the epigastric region and lower abdomen;
nausea, severe vomiting;
noticeable diaper rash;
increase in body temperature to low values;
weakness of the body, fatigue.

The "fight" against staphylococcal infection is aimed at:

suppression of pathogen activity;
improvement of immunity;
stimulation of metabolic processes;
treatment of chronic diseases that weaken the body.

The choice of treatment method is made on the basis of the results of stool analysis.

Staphylococcus aureus in the nose: symptoms and treatment

The favorite habitat of Staphylococcus aureus is the nasal cavity. Moreover, it can be found in perfectly healthy people. Many for a long time are simply carriers of a pathogenic bacterium.

sudden rise in body temperature;
Strong headache;
weakness, loss of appetite;
enlargement of the tonsils, resulting in discomfort when swallowing food, hyperemia of the mucosa and the appearance of
purulent plaque;
enlargement of regional lymph nodes.

A distinctive feature of these diseases in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the throat is purulent discharge. As a treatment for staphylococcus in the throat, antibiotics are usually prescribed by a specialist in order to cope with the infection as soon as possible and prevent the likelihood of a relapse, at least in the near future.

Before treating staphylococcus in the throat, it is necessary to take into account the presence of individual intolerance to the components of the drug, therefore, a special treatment complex should be selected for each patient. The dosage is also set by the attending physician depending on and it depends on the age and weight category.

The most common opportunistic bacterium is staphylococcus aureus. The microorganism can cause inflammation on the skin, affect subcutaneous tissue, affect the internal organs. To avoid a dangerous infection, it is important to know how staph is transmitted and whether it is contagious.

Staphylococcus can affect not only internal organs, but also the skin

Staphylococcus - what is it?

Staphylococcus (staphylococcus) is a gram-positive bacterium that is part of healthy microflora human skin. A small amount of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms present in the nose as well as in the throat, which is the norm.

At certain conditions(decreased immunity, accompanying illnesses) the bacterium is capable of causing disruption of the functioning of any organ or system. Most often, the skin, intestines and genitourinary system suffer.

The severity of the lesion and the course of the staphylococcal infection depends on the type of pathogen:

Saprophytic staphylococcus. The bacterium strikes genitourinary system women, causing cystitis and kidney pathology. The localization of this type of bacteria is concentrated in the genitals and on the epithelium of the urinary canal.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and harmful type of pathogenic microorganisms. The bacterium causes purulent inflammation of the skin layers in adults and children, and can affect the liver, heart, blood vessels and brain.
Epidermal staphylococcus. The bacterium is included normal microflora skin and all mucous membranes of a person. With strong immunity cutaneous staphylococcus aureus does no harm to health. If the pathogen enters the blood with weakened defensive forces organism, the focus of inflammation can develop in the heart (in the inner shell).

This infection is highly resistant to external factors and has a high resistance to antimicrobials. Because of this feature, pathogenic microorganisms are difficult to treat and require long-term therapy.

Causes of infection and routes of transmission

Epidermal and saprophytic pathogens are constantly present on human skin.

The cause of its entry into the blood can be any violation of the integrity of the skin:

scratches, abrasions, microcracks;
wounds after surgery.

The risk of contracting Staphylococcus aureus is much higher. This is due to the fact that the bacterium constantly lives in the external environment and freely passes from person to person.

Main routes of transmission:

Medical instruments and equipment. You can become infected with staphylococcal infection during intravenous nutrition, ventilation of the lungs, hemodialysis. Most often, patients have a weakened immune system, so the bacteria, once in the body, immediately affect the internal organs.
Food. Bacteria can be found on dairy products, cakes, eggs, meat. Once in the body, pathogenic microorganisms poison the intestines, causing severe intoxication of the body.
Airborne (air-dust) way. Microorganisms are quickly transmitted between people through sneezing and coughing, and sometimes in order to get sick, it is enough to be close to the sick person.
Household path. The causative agent of inflammatory processes withstands high and low temperatures, therefore, its presence on household items of a sick person is quite possible. It is important to wash your hands after any contact with other people's things.
Nosocomial infections. The source of infection are patients with erased forms of staphylococcus aureus or staphylococcus carriers.
Sexual infection. During unprotected sex, staphylococcus aureus moves from the carrier to a healthy person through the mucous membranes of the urinary tract.

Staphylococcus can be transmitted by airborne droplets

A favorable factor for the development of staphylococcal infection is reduced immunity. Associated viruses, including pathogens of dysbacteriosis, also favor the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

At childbirth

Children have high probability get infected in the hospital through any wounds or microtraumas during childbirth. As a result, the newborn may experience skin rashes purulent nature, damage to the lungs (pneumonia) and blood (pemphigus, sepsis).

A newborn can become infected through microtrauma

When breastfeeding

If a woman is infected, infection with staphylococcus aureus in infants occurs through breast milk. Once in the intestine, the bacterium can cause dysbacteriosis of varying severity in a child.

Staphylococcus can be transmitted to the child through mother's milk

It is possible to infect a mother from a child during breastfeeding. If bacteria from the baby's saliva enter the cracks in the nipples, staphylococcus provokes development in the breast severe inflammation which develops into purulent mastitis.

Can you get infected through kissing?

staph infection transmitted through mucous membranes. With saliva pathogenic bacteria able to pass from the carrier to a healthy person. Therefore, kissing is another way of transmitting staph.

Infection can be transmitted through kissing

Is the infection from a dog or cat?

Pets can be infected with staphylococcus aureus. In this case, the route of infection is an animal bite, in which saliva with bacteria enters the human body.

Animals are also susceptible to infection with staphylococcus aureus.

What is the danger of infection with staphylococcus aureus

Infection with staphylococcus threatens a person with the following consequences:

pathology of the urinary system (cystitis, pyelonephritis);
inflammation in the lungs (pneumonia);
skin diseases (dermatitis, eczema, furunculosis);
acute purulent processes internal organs(abscess, peritonitis);
inflammation in the brain (meningitis);
defeat gallbladder(cholecystitis).

Staph can cause eczema

Staphylococcus produces dangerous toxins that cause acute intoxication organism. To avoid severe consequences, at the first symptoms of malaise, it is important to go to the hospital.

Prevention of staph infection

To protect yourself from infection with staphylococcus aureus, you need to adhere to the basic preventive measures:

personal hygiene (wash your hands often, use your own towels, do not take other people's things);
timely and carefully treat any skin lesions with antiseptics and cover them with bandages (bandage, adhesive plaster);
lead healthy lifestyle life to maintain the body's immune forces;
use condoms during sexual intercourse.

To protect yourself from staph infection, you must use condoms during sexual intercourse.

Preventive measures not only help to avoid infection dangerous infection, but also provide an opportunity to monitor health in general.

Among opportunistic bacteria that a person faces daily, the most dangerous is staphylococcus aureus. The microorganism is able to affect not only the skin and subcutaneous layers, but also penetrate into the organs, causing purulent inflammation in the lungs, brain, genitourinary system, intestines. Staphylococcal infection has many transmission routes, which makes it especially dangerous for both children and adults.

Note!

The opinion of doctors ... "

Staphylococcus bacteria are dangerous because they cause many serious diseases. Staphylococcus transmission is possible different ways from a sick person to a healthy person. To resist infection and be on the alert, you need to know how the infection is transmitted.

Staphylococcus is a bacteria that lives in the human body. They can for a long time do not manifest yourself, waiting for an opportune moment, for example, a decrease in immunity. Staphylococcus bacteria live on mucous membranes, as well as on top layer human epidermis. It is important to know if staphylococcus is transmitted in one way or another in order to protect yourself from the disease.

Many underestimate the danger of staphylococcus aureus, but these bacteria can cause diseases such as:

meningitis;
cystitis;
eczema;
dermatitis;
pneumonia;
appendicitis;
abscess;
cholecystitis;
peritonitis.

This is far from full list. Staphylococcus aureus alone is the causative agent of more than 100 different diseases.

It is difficult to fight this infection, so it is imperative to contact a specialist. Many antibacterial and antimicrobials do not act on the causative agent of infection, and when taking medication, staphylococcus is able to develop resistance to them.

If you doubt whether staphylococcus is transmitted from person to person, the answer is unequivocal: infection is quite possible. People with weakened immune systems and those who violate the rules of personal hygiene are most at risk. Bacteria enter the body through the blood, the epidermis, getting on the mucous membranes, burns, wounds.

There are many ways to get infected:

Physician's opinion...

Staphylococcus is transmitted by airborne droplets even if its carrier does not have any manifestations of the disease. That is direct contact with the sick is not required, sneezing, coughing, or just being next to the sick is enough.
Bacteria live on surfaces and in dust. It is easy to become infected with staphylococcus aureus through dirty handrails on buses, through contact with the patient's personal belongings.
AT medical institutions you can get sick by getting infected through dressings, catheters, medical instruments. Especially often staphylococcus aureus is transmitted during intravenous procedures.
An infant can get an infection through mother's milk or still in the womb if the woman is a carrier of staphylococcus aureus.
Staphylococcus is transmitted sexually during sex with an infected person through the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system .
Stale food is another cause of the disease. Staphylococcus multiplies well in butter cream, dairy and fermented milk products, canned food, however, absolutely any food can become a source of infection.

The "gates" for the penetration of staphylococcus are:

Mucous membranes of the digestive, genitourinary, respiratory systems;
Wounds and cuts on the skin;
open burns;

Once in the human body, staphylococcus bacteria do not give themselves away. However, as soon as the development of staphylococcus comes favorable conditions, it will show up immediately. Infection can manifest itself both in the form of a specific disease, and as complications after suffering ailments.

Is staphylococcus sexually transmitted?

With intimate contact with a patient with staphylococcus aureus, bacteria enter the body through the mucous membranes. urinary organs. Even if there are no manifestations of the disease, a person may be its carrier, in which case infection is also possible.

For newborns, staphylococcus aureus is especially dangerous, since they do not have immunity to this disease. In children, the infection can develop in the womb or be transmitted through milk. Probably infection in the hospital during childbirth and during the subsequent stay in the hospital.

One route of infection is through mucosal transmission. The kiss in this case is quite possible way infection, as staphylococcus bacteria live and multiply in the mouth.

Sick staphylococcus and domestic animals - cats and dogs. When bitten, the saliva of an infected animal can enter the human body. Thus, infection is quite possible.

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause a variety of infectious diseases that differ in localization, symptoms and severity in humans.

There are 27 types of staphylococci, and 14 of them can live on the epidermis and mucous membranes. healthy person. To protect yourself from a number of ailments, you need to know how staphylococcus aureus is transmitted and where you can get it. Ways of transmission of staphylococcus

Hand washing is a way to protect against staph

The main ways of infection with staphylococcus, leading to the development of diseases, primarily of the respiratory system, are airborne and airborne. Inhaling bacteria along with air, droplets of the saliva of a human carrier and dust, they are introduced into the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth. Going down, bacteria can provoke bronchitis and pneumonia.

Together with dust, dirty hands or through an infected dressing, the pathogen can get into the wound or burn surface This is how they become infected with staphylococcus aureus. Entrance gates can also be cracks in the nipples of a nursing woman, scratches and microtraumas on the skin, for example, a place where a burr breaks off. All this leads to suppuration.

A greater threat is posed by people infected with staphylococcus aureus or who are its carrier. They spread pathogens through household items, food, personal hygiene items, handshake. Of particular danger are such people working as cooks, waiters, medical workers.

Intestinal infections occur when staphylococcus aureus is transmitted through dirty hands. This route of infection is possible if personal hygiene is not followed after a visit. public toilets, or when a person does not wash their hands before eating. Another option for the penetration of a microorganism into the digestive tract is dishes not processed according to all the rules in catering establishments, kindergartens, schools, hospitals. This can lead to real epidemics.

Another way of transmitting staphylococcus bacteria occurs in the absence of asepsis and antisepsis in dental and manipulation rooms, surgical hospitals and beauty salons. Staphylococcus is transmitted through contaminated instruments directly into the blood, which can lead not only to the formation of abscesses, phlegmon, but also to sepsis.

The infection enters the genitourinary system through untreated catheters, unprotected intercourse (including as a result of oral sex if one of the partners is sick with staphylococcal tonsillitis). Penetrating through the urethra ascending path pathogen can cause various inflammatory diseases, including prostatitis, cystitis, nephritis, orchitis, vaginitis, endometritis.

Staphylococcus is transmitted along with contaminated food in case of violation of the technology of preparation or storage, most often the source of many diseases can be unboiled milk or raw eggs obtained from sick animals.