Binoculars as an optical instrument. Binoculars (invention history). All products, by tags

Among household products manufactured in the USSR, it was cameras and various other optics that were of good quality; even foreigners purchased these Soviet products.

For what reason some cameras turned out to be excellent - I have already told on the example of the Kyiv plant "Arsenal".

Due to the export of high-precision equipment, technologies and specialists from German opto-mechanical concerns in the USSR, it was possible to organize the production of high-quality opto-mechanical devices in a short time.

Today we will talk about peaceful household products of another enterprise in the optical-mechanical industry - ZOMZ, or the Zagorsk Optical-Mechanical Plant, whose logo is shown in the picture below.

I still use BPC 20x60 binoculars, produced in the mid-1980s at ZOMZ.
This largest of the binoculars produced in the USSR was presented to me by my father in 1985 and, despite the heavy weight and gabaoites, we actively used it on hikes, including even cycling.

First, let me tell you a little about the history. plant number 355- it was under this number that the factory in Zagorsk, which produced, among other things, binoculars, was known before the war.

The decision to build the plant was made in 1934, in 1935 the plant began to be built on the site of houses and gardens of the Vperyod collective farm. Where the Workers' Settlement is now located, there were their fields, vegetable gardens, and a garden with 350 apple trees.

To build a factory, 65 families were evicted from their homes.

Already in April 1936, the plant began to produce microscopes for Brinell presses.

In May 1940, the plant in the system of the People's Commissariat for Armaments (NKV) received a numbered name: No. 355. Before the war, optical sights were the main products of the enterprise.

In autumn 1941 ZOMZ was evacuated to Tomsk. Production facilities were located in the building of Tomsk University, and after 80 days they began to produce products.

BOC - B inocle P changeable with C central focus

The most powerful binoculars of the Soviet optical industry.

Prism, with central focusing BPC 20x60 is an optical device designed to monitor distant objects, wildlife, sports competitions and other mass spectacles in open areas.

Operating temperature range from minus 40 to plus 45 °С

The optical scheme of the binoculars provides excellent image quality. High resolution, high magnification allow you to fully use the possibility of vision when observing distant objects.

The BPC 20x60 binoculars of the USSR ZOMZ were produced in Soviet times since 1983 and had decorative silver inserts of the ocular and objective groups, screw fastening of prism blocks, and were also equipped with hidden "stop screws" of objective tubes. Marking "TENTO (Technointorg)" was introduced in 1987.
Later, starting from 1993, the design of the binoculars was significantly simplified, which affected the operational reliability of the device and aesthetic perception.

Magnification, multiple (times): 20

Lens diameter, mm: 60

Field of view angle, degrees: 3.34

Linear field of view at a distance of 1000 m, m: 62

Exit pupil diameter, mm: 3

Removal of the exit pupil, mm: 11

Resolution limit in the center of the field of view: 3"

Operating temperature range, degrees: from -40 to +45

Light Gain: 9

Twilight (factor): 34.7

Prism type: PORRO

Case material: metal

Focusing: central, right eyepiece

Dimensions HxWxD, mm: 265x218x77
Weight without case, kg: 1.45

Unfortunately, years of operation led to some losses - the rubber eyecups eventually turned into a kind of chewing gum and were lost, which indicates the low quality of Soviet rubber used for household products.

The orange interchangeable filters, the tripod mounting bracket and the plastic covers of the eyepieces and lenses were lost, and the leatherette case did not survive to this day.

The coloring of the body of the binoculars is worn in several places - the fact is. that at such a magnification (20x) it is practically impossible to use binoculars hand-held, without resting - the image trembles noticeably and jumps.

Accordingly, during operation, the body of the binoculars tubes often rested against various objects suitable for the occasion - stones, trees, walls, in extreme cases, binoculars can be used with elbows on the ground in a prone position or bent knees - sitting.

For observations of the stars and the moon, before the mounting bracket was lost, the binoculars were mounted on a tripod.
bracket was a screw clamp attached to the binoculars by the axis connecting the halves-monoculars,with tripod screw thread.

The large diameter of the objective lens - 60 mm, and their coating with an antireflection film provide this binocular with excellent aperture ratio and output image bright enough for such a magnification.

Let's take a look through the eyepiece of our BPC 20x60 during yesterday's supermoon:

A 20x magnification gives an excellent picture, while the aperture ratio of a 60mm lens allows you not to lose much in the brightness of the object.
Distortions in the shape of the full mooncaused by a mismatch between the optical axes of the binoculars and the smartphone camera when shooting - to catch the Moon in the lens with one and a half kilogram binoculars, and then also in the eyepiece its image with the smartphone camera is not a trivial task;))

Unfortunately, the automation of the smartphone does not allow you to set the camera to the illumination of only the Moon, but focuses on the integral luminosity of the entire frame - therefore, the Moon turned out to be very overexposed in the picture, and instead of the craters and seas of the Earth's satellite, in the photo we see only its outline.
While fiddling with these units, the sky was covered with a frosty haze - so that the Moon turned out against the background of a cloudy veil.
I didn’t manage to catch her image in the eyepiece of the binoculars with a DSLR camera - I need to fence some kind of tripod system, it’s completely unrealistic by hand;)

And this is the Moon, if you look at it through a smartphone camera just like that, without binoculars - purely for comparison.

Of course, this binoculars significantly loses to more modern ones in a number of parameters - primarily in weight (modern plastic ones are lighter) - however, they are strong, durable, reliable, quite elegant and quite capable of serving for more than a dozen years.

I personally don’t see the point in changing it to a lighter, smaller and modern one with a variable magnification - in any case, you need a second binocular with a magnification of 7-8, which you can really use with your hands and constantly wear around your neck.

As such, antique German Zeiss army field glasses are ideal - but this is already beyond the scope of our topic.

Binoculars is an optical instrument used to observe distant objects. Binoculars consist of two spotting scopes connected together, so that the image is stereoscopic. This makes observation more comfortable and allows you to more accurately estimate the size of the object and the distance to it, and since our brain is designed to process information most efficiently when it comes from both eyes, in binoculars you can see the object in more detail than with a telescope of the same magnification.
Binoculars, as a rule, consist of an optical part, a body and a mechanical system. Theatrical and also the cheapest binoculars are made according to the scheme of Galileo: their optical system is a combination of convex light-collecting lenses(eyepiece) and concave diffuser lenses(lens). Such binoculars quite compact, but their noticeable disadvantage is a small field of view.

Optical layout of Galileo's binoculars

The vast majority of modern binoculars are made according to Kepler's scheme. Such binoculars have gathering lenses both in the lens and in the eyepiece, and in order for the resulting image to have the correct orientation, inverting prisms are placed between the lenses of the binoculars.
Lens- part of the optical system that forms the image - can be lens (that is, consist only of lenses), mirror (represent a mirror) or mirror-lens (consist of lenses and mirrors). Mirror and mirror-lens binoculars, as a rule, are cheaper and lighter than lens binoculars, but noticeably inferior to them in image quality. How bright the image obtained with binoculars will be depends on the value lenses his lens, more precisely, its aperture, the inlet limited by the frame. The larger the aperture of the binoculars, the brighter they will be.
Eyepiece– day off lens binoculars - facing the eye of the observer. In order for the image to have as little distortion as possible, binocular eyepieces are made of several elements, each of which is made of 1-3 lenses glued together.
For the production of top quality binocular eyepieces, special optical glasses with extra-low dispersion (ED-glasses) are used.
Binoculars the middle price category is often equipped with eyepieces, lenses which contain aspherical elements. These eyepieces help correct some optical aberrations with just one lens. This makes it possible to reduce binoculars and make it easier. Aspherics are not used in extra-class binoculars.
Prism wrapping systems are of two types - Porro (porro) and Roof (roof, otherwise roof-shaped prisms).

Porro prism binoculars use double Z-shaped prisms, as a result of which the optical axis of such binoculars "breaks" and its tubes have a protrusion. Due to the fact that the optical channels of binoculars with Porro prisms are fairly widely spaced in space, such binoculars provide a bright image with a good reproduction of the three-dimensionality of the object of observation.

Binoculars with roof prisms are more compact than binoculars with porro prisms. In them, there is practically no break in the optical axis. Two types of roof prisms are used in modern binoculars: Abbe-König and Schmidt-Pechan. Most common binoculars with Abbe-König prisms. The advantages of binoculars with roof prisms include the fact that, due to the peculiarities of their design, such binoculars easier to seal than binoculars with porro prisms. However binoculars Roof prism binoculars tend to be more expensive than Porro prism binoculars as they are more difficult to manufacture. In addition, binoculars with mid-priced roof prisms tend to have a less bright and less contrast image than binoculars with porro prisms of the same size and same magnification.

Scheme of the passage of a beam of light through a Schmidt-Pehan prism.

For the highest quality binoculars, prisms are made of VAK-4 optical glass. Binoculars a lower price category may have prisms made of BK7 glass.
Phase Correction Coating only applies to binoculars with roof prisms ( binoculars with Porro prisms they are not needed). As a result of multiple internal reflections of the light beam occurring inside the roof prisms, the light is partially polarized. An angle occurs between the polarization vectors, called the phase shift angle. Subsequently, when these two vectors are added together, the resulting image is less bright and less contrast than Porro prism binoculars. The phase-correcting coating helps to preserve the brightness and contrast of the image and its correct color reproduction.
The amount of light brought to the eye by binoculars depends on the features antireflection coating his optics. If optics binoculars did not have an anti-reflection coating, then about 10% of the light would be reflected from any glass / air surface. A single layer coating reduces light loss by up to 4%. Multi-layer coating helps to reduce them to 0.25% for each lenses and even more. Best binoculars have a light transmission equal to 95-97%.
It is very important that binoculars had a fairly large exit pupil. exit pupil is the diameter of the light beam entering the observer's eye. The size of the exit pupil is determined by the ratio of the binocular aperture, expressed in mm, to its magnification. If the exit pupil of the binoculars is small (3-4 mm), then it will be possible to observe with the help of such binoculars only during the day. At dusk, the amount of light coming out of it will be insufficient, and the image will turn out very dark. If you intend to observe in low light conditions, it is better to choose binoculars with an exit pupil of 7-8 mm. If the exit pupil of the binoculars is larger than this value, some of the light will be wasted.
Magnification (magnification) of binoculars- a value that shows how many times a given binoculars enlarges the image of an object compared to what it would be visible to the naked eye. As a rule, binoculars with a magnification of 10-12x are enough to conduct full-fledged observations of the Moon. Moreover, for observations with the help of such binoculars, the observer does not need a tripod, since the image will be stable. If the magnification of the binoculars exceeds this value, then its image will "jump". Its stability is affected by a seemingly imperceptible trembling in the hands of the observer. That's why binoculars with a magnification of 16x and higher, it is recommended to use only with a tripod. You should also take into account the fact that with increasing magnification, the field of view of binoculars decreases, that is, in binoculars only a narrow sector of space is visible with high magnification. Binoculars high magnification, as a rule, are intended for astronomical observations. They have a large aperture (60-120 mm) and weigh over 3 kg. Therefore, it is often simply impossible to hold them in your hands for a more or less long time.

Astronomical binoculars Miyauchi 26x100 "Galaxy" Bj-iCE APO

In addition to binoculars with constant magnification, there are binoculars with variable multiplicity (pancratic binoculars). Their magnification can vary from 7x to 35x and even from 10x to 60x. As attractive as the idea of ​​replacing several binoculars with one may seem, it is worth thinking carefully before buying one. binoculars. pancratic binoculars quite difficult to make. The image obtained with their help is always inferior in quality to the image obtained with binoculars with a constant magnification. It can be difficult for a manufacturer to make sure that when changing the magnification, the beams of light in both channels of the binoculars remain parallel, the image does not rotate around its axis, etc. And a large number of moving mechanical parts makes these binoculars less reliable than binoculars with constant frequency.

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Binoculars are an optical instrument used to observe distant objects. The image in it is created using two telescopes, each of which independently brings light to the observer's eye. Thanks to this design, the binoculars form a stereoscopic image of the object. The simplest theater binoculars are made according to the optical scheme of Galileo, that is, they consist of two lenses - collecting and scattering. Higher quality binoculars are equipped with two converging lenses

The right choice of binoculars is a very serious and very difficult task. Do not think that the most important thing when choosing binoculars is its magnification. Binoculars have a fairly wide range of technical characteristics that must be considered when buying it. Therefore, before you go to the store to buy binoculars, you must first familiarize yourself with the basic terms and definitions, the structure and types of binoculars. And also answer the question Why?

When choosing binoculars, you need to decide on three categories 1. Clearly indicate the purposes for which the binoculars will be used, by you or the person you are buying them for. As a rule, binoculars are used for hunting, fishing, stadium, hippodrome, concert or theater. Also, binoculars are often used by security services, astronomers and ornithologists, people who observe the life of birds, resort to them. We will consider all these aspects in detail in the article Using binoculars.

A good binocular is an observation device that allows you to get a clear and contrasting image in any light conditions and which has a high color rendering quality. Since the binoculars accompany their owner, a hunter, tourist, fisherman, military man or sailor literally everywhere, he often gets into various troubles with his owner. Binoculars can end up in water, fall into mud or sand, or end up in a snowdrift. And although the best modern

Any optic is used outdoors, which means it is at a high risk of contamination. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to know how to properly care for optics, what is the care of optics, what kind of care products for optics to use. Simple rules for the care of optics will help you maintain your optics and extend their life. How to care for optics Any optic is used outdoors, which means it is at a high risk of contamination. That's why

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Features Shock resistance Small size and weight Porro prisms Metal body Multi-layered anti-reflective coating of lenses and eyepieces that are difficult to remove Central focusing Ability to mount on a tripod (via adapter) Body trim with imitation leather (VL) Equipment Case Protective covers Cloth for cleaning optics Neck strap Operation manual Specifications Minimum focusing distance, m 5 Exit pupil diameter, mm 5 Angular field of view, deg. 8 Magnification, multiple 7 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 35 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 140 Overall dimensions, mm 130*60*170 Operating temperature range, C from -12 to +45 Weight, kg 0.680 Color black Housing material aluminum alloy Housing material artificial leather The binoculars have been individually adjusted in the company's service center, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the body of the device. Review of the Veber Classic series of binoculars on the channel www.youtube.com Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Minimum focusing distance (from 0.3 to 33.0 m) The minimum distance to the observed object at which the optical device is able to create a sharp image. Due to the peculiarities of the optical system, binoculars and spotting scopes do not allow viewing objects that are closer than the minimum focusing distance. Depending on the model, the value of this parameter may vary. If you plan to use the device, for example, to observe animals at close range, then it is recommended to pay attention to this parameter. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Small size, with central focusing, with diopter adjustment. Rubberized metal case, optics with antireflection coating. Binoculars 12x Its 32mm lens collects 60% more light than a 25mm lens on comparable 12x binoculars. For an observer, the picture in Veber Sport BN 12x32 binoculars will be brighter and objects can be viewed at a greater distance. A reasonable compromise between aperture ratio, weight and size characteristics and price. These binoculars will be useful for the driver, he will find a place in a handbag and beach bag. All body elements are made of metal and glued with thin rubber (splash-proof design). Features Compact Prisms Roof Water-resistant Anti-reflective coating of optical elements Metal rubber-coated body Complete set Binoculars Case Cloth for wiping optics Lanyard Warranty card and instructions 6 Magnification, multiples 12 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 32 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 80 Overall dimensions, mm 112*110*42 Weight, kg 0.260 Color black setting in the service center of the company, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the instrument case. Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1. 2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Rubberized body The presence of a protective rubber coating on the body of the binoculars. The rubberized housing protects the optical device from accidental impacts and damage and allows you to securely hold it during observation. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light.

It does not require adjustment before starting work and subfocusing during observations, only the setting of the interpupillary distance. Metal body, multi-layer hard-wearing lens coating. Compact and lightweight. The compact Veber Free Focus BP 8x21 with ROOF prisms is a binocular with a unique optical system. Binoculars allow you to observe without refocusing, it does not need to be adjusted before starting work. This is especially useful in unexpected situations and when observing fast approaching and receding objects. There are no moving parts of the focusing mechanisms in the binoculars, which are usually places of increased wear and a source of moisture penetration. With careful handling, the BP 8x21 Veber Free Focus binoculars will last for many years, even with the most intensive use. Waterproof execution. Features Water-resistant Roof prisms Wear resistance Optical coating of external lenses Very compact No focusing mechanism Rubber body finish Package Contents Binoculars Case Neck strap Optical cleaning cloth Operation manual and warranty card Specifications Minimum focusing distance, m 6 Exit pupil diameter, mm 2.6 Angular field of view , deg. 6.6 Magnification, multiples of 8 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 21 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 122 Overall dimensions, mm 93*99*31 Weight, kg 0.200 Color black Housing material aluminum alloy Housing finishing material rubber Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Minimum focusing distance (from 0.3 to 33.0 m) The minimum distance to the observed object at which the optical device is able to create a sharp image. Due to the peculiarities of the optical system, binoculars and spotting scopes do not allow viewing objects that are closer than the minimum focusing distance. Depending on the model, the value of this parameter may vary. If you plan to use the device, for example, to observe animals at close range, then it is recommended to pay attention to this parameter. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

“Artillery”, “military” binoculars are always BPC 8x30 Veber Classic type binoculars - its wide viewing angle, small size and weight make it possible to detect and track a target with confidence. Model BPC 8x30 Veber Classic VR camouflaged has a metal case and hard-wearing optical lens coating, increased impact resistance. Convenient to use with gloves. Classic "military field", "artillery" binoculars. Thanks to its wide field of view, the target is not only easy to locate, but also easy to track - even when moving in a vehicle. Small size and weight, comfortable eyecups make it easier to work during long-term observations. Due to the small offset of the lenses from the body, this model is well protected from damage (misalignment) in case of accidental impacts. The Veber Classic BPC 8x30 binoculars have a metal body and a multi-layer, hardly abrasion-resistant coating of lenses and eyepieces. Features Shock resistance Porro prisms Metal housing Multi-layer, hard-to-abrade anti-reflective coating of lenses and eyepieces Central focusing Possibility of installation on a tripod (via an adapter) Housing rubber finish (VR) Equipment Case Protective covers Cloth for cleaning optics Neck strap Operating manual Characteristics Minimum focusing distance, m 5 Exit pupil diameter, mm 3.75 Angular field of view, deg. 7.8 Magnification, multiples of 8 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 30 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 136 Overall dimensions, mm 120*65*160 Operating temperature range, C from -10 to +40 Weight, kg 0.550 Color camouflaged Case material aluminum alloy Case finishing material rubber The binoculars have been individually adjusted in the company's service center, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the device case. Review of the Veber Classic series of binoculars on the channel www.youtube.com Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Minimum focusing distance (from 0.3 to 33.0 m) The minimum distance to the observed object at which the optical device is able to create a sharp image. Due to the peculiarities of the optical system, binoculars and spotting scopes do not allow viewing objects that are closer than the minimum focusing distance. Depending on the model, the value of this parameter may vary. If you plan to use the device, for example, to observe animals at close range, then it is recommended to pay attention to this parameter. Type The type of optical device, depending on its design and purpose. The following types of optical instruments are on the market: binoculars, spotting (spotting) tube, monocular. Binoculars are an optical device consisting of two parallel telescopes and designed to observe distant objects with both eyes at the same time. When using binoculars, a stereoscopic image is created. A spotting (spyglass) is an optical instrument designed to observe distant objects. A telescope consists of a lens that collects light and creates a real image of the object, and an eyepiece that magnifies this image. The spotting scope can be equipped with an inverting system to see objects in the correct orientation, as well as a prism system to reduce the length of the telescope. A monocular is similar in design to a spotting scope; the difference between these devices is very arbitrary. In fact, a monocular is a small telescope equipped with a prism inverting system. Similarly, a monocular can be said to be one of the two halves of binoculars. Monoculars are the most compact and lightweight type of optical devices. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Designed for viewing very distant objects in detail. All ergonomics are subordinated to the convenience of hand-held observation. For long-term observations, it is recommended to use a photo tripod - compact (for installation on a shelf, window sill) or full-size. Metal case, multi-layer anti-abrasive anti-reflective coating of optics. Designed primarily for viewing very distant objects in detail. Soft rubber eyecups and an ergonomic body, a wide focusing drum allow the most comfortable use of these large binoculars when observing from hand. For long-term observations, it is recommended to use a photo tripod (preferably with a handle to accompany the target without touching the device; the binoculars are attached to the quick-release tripod plate via an adapter). Veber Classic BPC 20x50 camouflaged binoculars have a metal body and a multi-layered, difficult-to-remove antireflection coating of lenses and eyepieces. The focus and diopter adjustment wheels rotate smoothly, with a metered effort. Refocusing on objects is easy and convenient even when wearing gloves. Features of Porro prisms Metal body Multi-layered anti-reflective coating of lenses and eyepieces that is difficult to remove Central focusing Possibility of installation on a tripod (via an adapter) Case finish with rubber (VR) Equipment Case Protective covers Cloth for cleaning optics Neck strap Operating manual Characteristics Minimum focusing distance, m 9 Diameter exit pupil, mm 2.5 Angular field of view, deg. 3.2 Magnification, multiples of 20 Zoom no Lens diameter, mm 50 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 56 Overall dimensions, mm 170*65*185 Operating temperature range, C from -10 to +40 Weight, kg 0.815 Color camouflaged Case material aluminum alloy Case finishing material rubber The binoculars have been individually adjusted in the company's service center, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the device case. Review of the Veber Classic series of binoculars on the channel www.youtube.com Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Minimum focusing distance (from 0.3 to 33.0 m) The minimum distance to the observed object at which the optical device is able to create a sharp image. Due to the peculiarities of the optical system, binoculars and spotting scopes do not allow viewing objects that are closer than the minimum focusing distance. Depending on the model, the value of this parameter may vary. If you plan to use the device, for example, to observe animals at close range, then it is recommended to pay attention to this parameter. Rubber eyecups The binoculars have rubber eyecups. The exit pupil of the optical device is located at some distance from the eyepiece. When viewing through binoculars or a spotting scope, the exit pupil should be aligned with the pupil of the eye for the best image quality. Eyecups help position the observer's eye at the required distance from the eyepiece and cut off side illumination. Soft rubber eyecups increase the comfort of using binoculars. They allow you to reduce pressure from the eyepiece and protect the observer's eye sockets from accidental impact. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Classic "military field" binoculars. Wide angle, small size and weight. Aperture-fast. Metal body, increased impact resistance. Easy to use with gloves, semi-hard case. Rubber hull trim (VR), camouflaged. The binoculars have classic "military field" optical characteristics. A wide field of view makes it easy to detect and track a target, and due to the small weight and size of the device, observation is comfortable for a long time without hand fatigue. Compared to 8x 30mm binoculars, the Veber Classic BPC 8x40 binoculars collect 70% more light, making it possible to observe in deep twilight. The Veber Classic BPC 8x40 binoculars have a metal body and a hard-wearing anti-reflective coating on objective lenses and eyepieces. Due to the small offset of the lenses from the body, this model is quite well protected from damage (misalignment) and accidental impacts. Features Shock-resistant Possibility of use in the dark Porro prisms Metal housing Multi-layer, difficult-to-remove anti-reflective coating of lenses and eyepieces Central focusing Can be mounted on a tripod (via adapter) Rubber finish (VR) Wide-angle (WA) Package contents Case Protective covers Cloth for cleaning optics Neck strap Operation manual Characteristics Minimum focusing distance, m 5 Exit pupil diameter, mm 5 Angular field of view, deg. 8.2 Magnification, multiples of 8 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 40 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 143 Overall dimensions, mm 145*65*175 Operating temperature range, C from -10 to +40 Weight, kg 0.730 Color camouflaged Case material aluminum alloy Case finishing material rubber The binoculars have been individually adjusted in the company's service center, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the device case. Review of the Veber Classic series of binoculars on the channel www.youtube.com Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Minimum focusing distance (from 0.3 to 33.0 m) The minimum distance to the observed object at which the optical device is able to create a sharp image. Due to the peculiarities of the optical system, binoculars and spotting scopes do not allow viewing objects that are closer than the minimum focusing distance. Depending on the model, the value of this parameter may vary. If you plan to use the device, for example, to observe animals at close range, then it is recommended to pay attention to this parameter. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Binoculars for stationary astronomical observations in the open air, multi-coated lenses, waterproof aluminum-magnesium body. Designed for stationary observations (including astronomical) in the open air. It is convenient to install on the balcony or on the roof. Waterproof. Housing material - aluminum-magnesium alloy. Additional elements that increase the rigidity and reliability of the structure. Multilayer coating of optical elements and high light transmission allows you to see even the heavenly bodies as clearly as possible. The eyepieces are separately adjustable (there is no central focusing mechanism), as in professional binoculars. The optical elements are made of high quality BAK-4 glass. The ¼ tripod mount makes it possible to mount the binoculars on most photo tripods of European, Asian and American manufacturers. An aluminum carrying case is included. Features Water-resistant JIS-4 Porro prism BAK-4 glass Multilayer optical coating Package contents Binoculars Aluminum case Eyepiece cover 1 pc (paired) Objective cap 2 pcs (attached to the body) Neck strap Cloth for cleaning the optics Description and warranty card and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight.

It does not require adjustment before starting work and subfocusing during observations, only the setting of the interpupillary distance. Metal body, multi-layer hard-wearing lens coating. Compact and lightweight. The compact Veber Free Focus BP 12x25 with ROOF prisms is a binocular with a unique optical system. Binoculars allow you to observe without refocusing, it does not need to be adjusted before starting work. This is especially useful in unexpected situations and when observing fast approaching and receding objects. There are no moving parts of the focusing mechanisms in the binoculars, which are usually places of increased wear and a source of moisture penetration. With careful handling, the BP 12x25 Veber Free Focus binoculars will last for many years, even with the most intensive use. Waterproof execution. Features Waterproof Roof prisms Wear resistance Optical coating of external lenses Compact No focusing mechanism Rubber body finish Complete set Binoculars Case Neck strap Optical cleaning cloth Operation manual and warranty card Characteristics Exit pupil diameter, mm 2.1 Angular field of view, deg. 4.2 Magnification, multiples of 12 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 25 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 78 Overall dimensions, mm 112*100*32 Weight, kg 0.200 Color black Housing material aluminum alloy Housing finishing material rubber Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1. 2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

High-aperture, body - metal, optical glass with enlightenment. Glossy red lacquer and 18k gold dusted finish. Adjustable interpupillary distance and focus. Theatrical binoculars Veber Opera BGC 3x25 are not only an elegant accessory, but also an indispensable assistant in observing theatrical, circus, variety performances, a faithful companion on excursions. Classical Galilean optical design with central internal focusing, enclosed in a red lacquered case with gold-plated (18k) elements. 3x magnification and a wide field of view will allow you to enjoy the performance even from the gallery. Features Galilean optical system Central internal focusing 3x magnification Terminology: Theatrical binoculars Theatrical binoculars are designed primarily for use in the theater, circus, concert. Of course, they can be used in other places as well. Theatrical binoculars are usually distinguished by their compact size, light weight, aesthetic appearance, and the presence of decorations. Such binoculars, as a rule, have a magnification within 2x-4x, a wide field of view, high luminosity, a large exit pupil, which makes the binoculars comfortable when used in the dark and with hand shaking. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Lightweight, pocket size, central focusing with diopter adjustment. Rubberized, metal housing, high-quality optical glass with antireflection coating. Magnification 12x. A reasonable compromise between magnification, aperture ratio, weight and size characteristics and price. Comfortably lies in the hand. Due to its light weight, observation can be carried out for a long time, but taking the device away from the eyes. This binoculars will always find a place in the pocket of a jacket or shirt, in the glove compartment of a car, handbag or purse. All body parts are made of metal. The binocular tubes (including eyepieces) are pasted over with thin rubber (splash-proof design). Features Compact Waterproof Roof prisms Anti-reflective coating of optical elements Metal rubber-coated body Equipment Binoculars Case Cloth for cleaning optics Binoculars hand strap Description Characteristics Minimum focusing distance, m 4 Exit pupil diameter, mm 2.1 Angular field of view, deg. 4.2 Magnification, multiples of 12 Zoom no Lens diameter, mm 25 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 80 Overall dimensions, mm 112*100*32 Operating temperature range, С from -20 to +40 Weight, kg 0.200 Color black Case material metal Case finishing material rubberized case The binoculars have been individually adjusted in the company's service center, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the device case. Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1. 2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Minimum focusing distance (from 0.3 to 33.0 m) The minimum distance to the observed object at which the optical device is able to create a sharp image. Due to the peculiarities of the optical system, binoculars and spotting scopes do not allow viewing objects that are closer than the minimum focusing distance. Depending on the model, the value of this parameter may vary. If you plan to use the device, for example, to observe animals at close range, then it is recommended to pay attention to this parameter. Rubberized body The presence of a protective rubber coating on the body of the binoculars. The rubberized housing protects the optical device from accidental impacts and damage and allows you to securely hold it during observation. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light.

Aperture-fast. Finishing the case with lacquer and sprayed 18 carat gold. Optical glass with antireflection coating. Lightweight, comfortable in the hand. Adjustable interpupillary distance and focus. Theatrical binoculars Veber Opera BGC 4x30 are not only an elegant accessory, but also an indispensable assistant in observing theatrical, circus, variety performances, a faithful companion on excursions. Classical Galilean optical design with central internal focusing, enclosed in a red lacquered case with gold-plated eyepieces. Four times magnification and a wide field of view will allow you to enjoy the performance even from the gallery. Features Galilean optical system Central internal focusing 4x magnification Terminology: Theatrical binoculars Theatrical binoculars are designed primarily for use in the theater, circus, concert. Of course, they can be used in other places as well. Theatrical binoculars are usually distinguished by their compact size, light weight, aesthetic appearance, and the presence of decorations. Such binoculars, as a rule, have a magnification within 2x-4x, a wide field of view, high luminosity, a large exit pupil, which makes the binoculars comfortable when used in the dark and with hand shaking. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

High-aperture, body - metal, optical glass with enlightenment. Glossy red lacquer and 18k gold dusted finish. Adjustable interpupillary distance, focusing, metal chain. Theatrical binoculars Veber Opera BGC 3x25 are not only an elegant accessory, but also an indispensable assistant in observing theatrical, circus, variety performances, a faithful companion on excursions. Classical Galilean optical design with central internal focusing, enclosed in a red lacquered case with gold-plated (18k) elements. 3x magnification and a wide field of view will allow you to enjoy the performance even from the gallery. Features Galilean optical system Central internal focusing 3x magnification Terminology: Theatrical binoculars Theatrical binoculars are designed primarily for use in the theater, circus, concert. Of course, they can be used in other places as well. Theatrical binoculars are usually distinguished by their compact size, light weight, aesthetic appearance, and the presence of decorations. Such binoculars, as a rule, have a magnification within 2x-4x, a wide field of view, high luminosity, a large exit pupil, which makes the binoculars comfortable when used in the dark and with hand shaking. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

High-aperture, body - metal, optical glass with enlightenment. Finished in glossy white lacquer and 18k gold powder coated. Adjustable interpupillary distance, focusing, metal chain. Theatrical binoculars Veber Opera BGC 3x25 are not only an elegant accessory, but also an indispensable assistant in observing theatrical, circus, variety performances, a faithful companion on excursions. Classical Galilean optical design with central internal focusing, enclosed in a white lacquered case with gold-plated (18k) elements. 3x magnification and a wide field of view will allow you to enjoy the performance even from the gallery. Features Galilean optical system Central internal focusing 3x magnification Terminology: Theatrical binoculars Theatrical binoculars are designed primarily for use in the theater, circus, concert. Of course, they can be used in other places as well. Theatrical binoculars are usually distinguished by their compact size, light weight, aesthetic appearance, and the presence of decorations. Such binoculars, as a rule, have a magnification within 2x-4x, a wide field of view, high luminosity, a large exit pupil, which makes the binoculars comfortable when used in the dark and with hand shaking. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Magnification 12x, lens diameter 45 mm, viewing angle 5.2, weight 850 g, fast aperture, goniometric reticle. The binoculars of the BPC series are made according to the classic Porro scheme with a central focus. The central focusing wheel is conveniently located under the middle finger and allows you to quickly and easily adjust the focus of both eyepieces. Binoculars with a high magnification BPCs 12x45 are indispensable for observations at long distances - at sea, on a river, in the steppe or tundra. To determine the distance to an observed object using a goniometric grid, the following calculations must be carried out: The distance R(m) to objects of known size L(m) should be determined by the formula R=(L/n)x1000, where units (1 division of the scale is equal to 5 iodine). For a goniometric grid, the value between the large and small strokes is approximately 18 arcmin. Features of Porro prism Protractor reticle Multi-layer antireflection coating of lenses and eyepieces High-aperture Equipment Case Binoculars Lens caps Cloth for wiping optics Strap Manual and warranty card Characteristics Porro prism Focusing Central Magnification, multiples 12 distance 1000 m), m 97 Exit pupil diameter 3.75 Extended ocular point, mm 12 Operating temperature range, °С -40- +50 Overall dimensions, mm 192x175x65 Weight, g 850 Terminology: Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or a telescope, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; diameter 3-4. 5 mm is typical for devices with medium aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Magnification 8x, objective lens diameter 30 mm, viewing angle 8.3, weight 700g, goniometric reticle, rubberized case. The binoculars of the BPC series are made according to the classic Porro scheme with a central focus. The central focusing wheel is conveniently located under the middle finger and allows you to quickly and easily adjust the focus of both eyepieces. The compact lightweight model BPCs6 8x30 will serve perfectly for hunting, hiking or watching sports events. To determine the distance to an observed object using a goniometric grid, the following calculations must be carried out: The distance R(m) to objects of known size L(m) should be determined by the formula R=(L/n)x1000, where units (1 division of the scale is equal to 5 iodine). For a goniometric grid, the value between the large and small strokes is approximately 18 arcmin. Features of Porro prism Protractor reticle Multi-layered antireflection coating of lenses and eyepieces Rubberized case Equipment Case Binoculars Optical cleaning cloth Strap Manual and warranty card Characteristics Porro prism Focusing Central Magnification, multiple 8 Objective diameter, mm 30 Angle of view, deg 8.3 Linear field of view (at a distance 1000 m), m 150 Exit pupil diameter 3.75 Extended ocular point, mm 12 Operating temperature range, °С -40- +50 Overall dimensions, mm 158x123x60 Weight, g 700 Terminology: Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or telescope, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; diameter 3-4. 5 mm is typical for devices with medium aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Rubberized body The presence of a protective rubber coating on the body of the binoculars. The rubberized housing protects the optical device from accidental impacts and damage and allows you to securely hold it during observation. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Universal medium-sized binoculars for target detection and tracking. Smooth magnification from 8x to 32x, convenient focus control. The metal rubberized case. Medium size Zoom binoculars with very good aperture (especially at 8x). The maximum zoom range is from 8x to 32x (it should be remembered that with a magnification of 32x, the aperture ratio of the device is minimal, so only well-lit objects can be observed). The device fits well in the hand, has convenient controls (diopter adjustment and focusing). Metal body covered with dense hydrophobic rubber. Convenient wide focus ring. Hard-wearing multilayer (blue) coating of optical elements. Compact and lightweight enough for long trips. Well-pronounced stereo effect. The binoculars "hold" the focus well in almost the entire zoom range, subfocusing to keep the objects of observation in sharpness is minimal. Features Smooth change of magnification Central focusing Porro prisms Hard-wearing multi-layered coating of optical elements Metal rubber-coated housing Water-resistant Complete set Binoculars Soft case Objective covers 2 pcs Eyepiece covers 2 pcs Optics cleaning cloth Neck strap Operation manual Characteristics Exit pupil diameter, mm 6.3-1.6 Angular field of view , deg. 4-2.2 Magnification, multiples of 8-32 Zoom yes Objective diameter, mm 50 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 66-38 Overall dimensions, mm 200*220*85 Operating temperature range, C from -15 to +45 Weight, kg 0.920 Color black Case material metal Case finishing material rubberized case The binoculars have been individually adjusted in the company's service center, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the body of the device. Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Rubberized body The presence of a protective rubber coating on the body of the binoculars. The rubberized housing protects the optical device from accidental impacts and damage and allows you to securely hold it during observation. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

High-aperture, body - metal, optical glass with enlightenment. Glossy black lacquer and 18k gold dusted finish. Adjustable interpupillary distance, focusing, metal chain. Theatrical binoculars Veber Opera BGC 3x25 are not only an elegant accessory, but also an indispensable assistant in observing theatrical, circus, variety performances, a faithful companion on excursions. Classical Galilean optical design with central internal focusing, enclosed in a black lacquered case with gold-plated (18k) elements. 3x magnification and a wide field of view will allow you to enjoy the performance even from the gallery. Features Galilean optical system Central internal focusing 3x magnification Package contents Binoculars Case-pouch Cloth for cleaning the optics Metal chain 100 cm Operation manual and warranty card Characteristics Magnification, x 3 Objective diameter, mm 25 Weight, g 190 Color black/gold Terminology : Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Theatrical binoculars Theatrical binoculars are designed primarily for use in the theater, in the circus, at a concert. Of course, they can be used in other places as well. Theatrical binoculars are usually distinguished by their compact size, light weight, aesthetic appearance, and the presence of decorations. Such binoculars, as a rule, have a magnification within 2x-4x, a wide field of view, high luminosity, a large exit pupil, which makes the binoculars comfortable when used in the dark and with hand shaking. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Classic "military field" binoculars. Wide angle, small size and weight. Metal housing, hard-wearing optical lens coating and increased impact resistance. Aperture-fast. Works at dusk. Easy to use with gloves, semi-hard case. The binoculars have classic "military" characteristics. A wide field of view makes it easy to detect a target, and due to the small weight and size of the device, the object of observation is comfortable to “lead”, never losing sight of it for a second. The BPShTs 7x35 Veber Classic binoculars have a rubber-coated metal body and a hard-wearing optical coating for lenses and eyepieces. Due to the small offset of the lenses from the body, this model is the least susceptible to damage (misalignment) from accidental impacts. Features Wide field of view Light weight and dimensions Shock resistance Porro prisms Metal housing Multi-layer, hard-to-abrade anti-reflective coating of lenses and eyepieces Central focusing Possibility of installation on a tripod (via an adapter) Housing rubber finish Wide-angle Camouflage Complete set Case Protective covers Cloth for cleaning optics Neck strap Operation manual Characteristics Minimum focusing distance, m 5 Exit pupil diameter, mm 5 Angular field of view, deg. 8.5 Magnification, multiples of 7 Zoom no Lens diameter, mm 35 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 149 Overall dimensions, mm 130*60*170 Operating temperature range, C from -10 to +40 Weight, kg 0.680 Camouflage color Case material aluminum alloy Case finishing material rubber Review of the Veber Classic series of binoculars on the channel www.youtube.com Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Minimum focusing distance (from 0.3 to 33.0 m) The minimum distance to the observed object at which the optical device is able to create a sharp image. Due to the peculiarities of the optical system, binoculars and spotting scopes do not allow viewing objects that are closer than the minimum focusing distance. Depending on the model, the value of this parameter may vary. If you plan to use the device, for example, to observe animals at close range, then it is recommended to pay attention to this parameter. Rubberized body The presence of a protective rubber coating on the body of the binoculars. The rubberized housing protects the optical device from accidental impacts and damage and allows you to securely hold it during observation. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light. Focus A type of focus in binoculars. Depending on the design, focusing can be central or separate. In binoculars with central focusing, a central flywheel is used for focusing, which re-adjusts the sharpness of two telescopes of the binoculars at once. This focusing system is considered more convenient. In binoculars with separate focusing, for focusing, each of the eyepieces is rotated separately. Separate focusing allows you to completely "separate" the two spotting scopes of the binoculars, which helps to simplify the design of the binoculars, increase its reliability, and facilitate sealing.

Lightweight, pocket size, central focusing with diopter adjustment. Rubberized, metal housing, high-quality optical glass with antireflection coating. 10x magnification. A reasonable compromise between magnification, aperture ratio, weight and size characteristics and price. Comfortably lies in the hand. Due to its light weight, observation can be carried out for a long time, but taking the device away from the eyes. Therefore, binoculars will always find a place in the pocket of a jacket or shirt, in the glove compartment of a car, handbag or purse. All body parts are made of metal. The binocular tubes (including eyepieces) are pasted over with thin rubber (splash-proof design). Features Compact Waterproof Roof prisms Anti-reflective coating of optical elements Metal rubber-coated body Complete set Binoculars Case Cloth for wiping optics Lanyard Warranty card and instructions 5.3 Magnification, multiples of 10 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 25 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 96 Overall dimensions, mm 112*100*32 Weight, kg 0.200 setting in the service center of the company, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the instrument case. Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Rubberized body The presence of a protective rubber coating on the body of the binoculars. The rubberized housing protects the optical device from accidental impacts and damage and allows you to securely hold it during observation. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light.

The most compact, wide angle and stylish design. Details of bridges, hinges are made of metal, tubes are made of impact-resistant plastic, the picture is sharp, without coloration and distortion throughout the entire field of view. Binoculars magnification 12x. Stylish Hi-Tech performance. The running parts of the binoculars are made of metal, the tubes are made of light impact-resistant plastic, painted with a special (virtually non-scratch) silver paint, rubberized eyepieces. Compact. Features Compact Prisms Roof Multi-layered optical enlightenment of all surfaces Metal, plastic, rubber-coated eyepieces Complete set Binoculars Case Cloth for wiping optics Strap Description Characteristics Operating temperature range, С from -20 to +40 Exit pupil diameter, mm 2.1 Angular field of view, deg. 4.5 Magnification, x 12 Zoom no Objective diameter, mm 25 Linear field of view (at a distance of 1000 m), m 79 Overall dimensions, mm 112*110*32 Weight, kg 0.200 setting in the service center of the company, as evidenced by a sticker with the name or number of the master on the instrument case. Terminology: Zoom The ability to adjust the magnification of the optical device. Most binoculars and spotting scopes have a constant magnification, but you can also find models with a Zoom function on the market. It allows you to consider not only the fine details of the object at high magnification, but also its general appearance at a reduced magnification factor. Binoculars and spotting scopes with variable magnification are the best solution when it is necessary to observe at different distances. Zoom devices are more expensive. At the same time, they have a more complex design, which negatively affects their reliability. Weight (from 45 to 7450 g) When choosing binoculars or spotting scopes, it makes sense to pay attention to the weight of the device. Of course, light models are more convenient for transportation. However, binoculars with high magnification and high aperture, as a rule, have a decent size and weigh quite a lot. When working with binoculars and spotting scopes weighing more than 1 kg for a long time, it is recommended to use a tripod. Exit pupil diameter (from 1.2 to 23.8 mm) The exit pupil is the image of the entrance pupil (frame of the front lens) built by the optical system of binoculars or a spotting scope. It can be observed in the eyepiece lenses as a small bright circle. The size of the pupil of the human eye can vary. In bright light, its diameter is 2-3 mm, while in low light or long-term observation, it increases to 7-8 mm. For comfortable use of binoculars or a spotting scope, it is necessary that the exit pupil of the optical device is larger than the size of the pupil of the human eye. The size of the exit pupil allows you to judge the aperture ratio of the observing device. Binoculars and spotting scopes with an exit pupil diameter of less than 3 mm can be attributed to devices with a small aperture; a diameter of 3-4.5 mm is typical for devices with an average aperture; 4.5-6 mm are found in fast devices; exit pupils with a diameter of more than 6 mm are equipped with devices with a high aperture ratio. High-aperture devices allow observation at dusk. In addition, high-aperture devices are more convenient to use when shaking or vibrating. Exit pupil diameter can be calculated by dividing the lens diameter by the magnification factor. Lens diameter (10 to 127 mm) The size of the front element of the lens. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The second digit shows the diameter of the input (front) lens of the device in millimeters. The larger the lens, the higher its aperture ratio. The large diameter allows the lens to collect a lot of light and create a bright image. In addition, a large diameter of the entrance lens is necessary when using an optical device at dusk or at high magnifications. It should be taken into account that an increase in the diameter of the front lens leads to an increase in the size and weight of the device, and also increases its cost. Case material The case of binoculars and spotting scopes can be made of metal, plastic or carbon fiber. The most popular materials are alloys of light metals such as aluminum or magnesium. They provide reliable protection of optical elements from accidental impacts. Often there are also structures made of plastic, which are distinguished by their low price and low weight. Some expensive models are made of carbon (fiberglass impregnated with polycarbonate resin). This material combines high strength and low weight. Rubberized body The presence of a protective rubber coating on the body of the binoculars. The rubberized housing protects the optical device from accidental impacts and damage and allows you to securely hold it during observation. Magnification (2.1 to 145.0 x) The magnification of the binoculars or spotting scope. The magnification factor indicates how much larger an object looks in an optical instrument than when viewed with the naked eye. The case of optical instruments is traditionally marked with the type "8x42". The first number indicates the magnification factor. By magnification, binoculars and spotting scopes can be divided into groups: low magnification (2-4 times), medium magnification (5-9 times) and high magnification (more than 10 times). When choosing binoculars with high magnification, care must be taken. If the magnification is high but the objective diameter is not large enough, the exit pupil is too small (see "Exit Pupil Diameter"). These binoculars can only be used in good light.

The history of binoculars goes back several centuries. The name of the device "binoculars" from the Latin language means "two eyes" (bi oculus). In the 17th century, the first optical instruments appeared - spyglasses, thanks to which it became possible to observe objects at a remote distance. One eye was not very comfortable to look at the situation. But it just so happened that there will always be someone who wants to solve a particular problem, if one exists.

The Italian Galileo Galilei became exactly the man who in 1609 invented an optical device with two lenses (diffusing and collecting), thereby marking the beginning of the history of binoculars. The first binoculars he created had a small increase, our contemporaries use such in theaters (theatrical binoculars). Subsequent experiments, continued in 1610, enabled the scientist to create more powerful optical instruments capable of magnifying an object by 20, 30 or more times. These devices have two lenses, one of which is able to collect light rays, forming an image (objective), while the other scatters them (eyepiece).

The binoculars created by Galileo were simple and gave a fairly clear image, but as a measuring device, they could not be used. In order for the image quality to be higher, Galileo's invention had to be improved. Kepler's developments (the prism he created in 1611) arrived in time. Using prism binoculars, it was already possible to measure the distance, and the viewing angle also increased.

Prism optics, invented by Kepler, marked the beginning of the history of modern binoculars. However, the new type of device had some drawback: the image was fed upside down. Optical scientists from France, Germany, Russia (independently of each other) attempted to use a more complex system of prisms, which gave positive results - they managed to return the direct view of the picture. The Italian Ignazio Porro received a patent for a prism system in 1854. In the 19th century (60s) in Paris, he, together with Hoffmann, was engaged in the creation of monoculars, the prism system of which is fully consistent with that which modern models of binoculars have now. The first binoculars, designed by the scientist Ernst Abbe and the founder of the optical systems factory, engineer Carl Zeiss, went on sale in 1894. They had an attractive design and gave a fairly sharp image.

All binoculars are divided into two types: classic and compact. Depending on the focusing method, binoculars are of two types: with central focusing, where there is one central screw to adjust the focus, and with separate focusing (sharpness) adjustment is carried out separately on each eyepiece. Different types of binoculars have special technical parameters that determine their use and specialization (theatrical, military, astronomical, etc.).

Binoculars is an optical instrument used to observe distant objects. Binoculars consist of two spotting scopes connected together, so that the image is stereoscopic. This makes observation more comfortable and allows you to more accurately assess the size of the object and the distance to it, and since our brain is adapted to process information as efficiently as possible when it comes from both eyes, you can see the object in more detail with binoculars than with a telescope the same multiplicity.

Binoculars, as a rule, consists of an optical part, a housing and a mechanical system. Theatrical, as well as the cheapest binoculars, are made according to the Galileo scheme: their optical system is a combination of a convex light-collecting lens (eyepiece) and a concave diverging lens (objective). These binoculars are quite compact, but their noticeable drawback is a small field of view.

The vast majority of modern binoculars are made according to Kepler's scheme. Such binoculars have converging lenses both in the objective and in the eyepiece, and in order for the resulting image to have the correct orientation, inverting prisms are placed between the lenses of the binoculars.

Lens- part of the optical system that forms the image - can be lens (that is, consist only of lenses), mirror (represent a mirror) or mirror-lens (consist of lenses and mirrors). SLR and SLR binoculars are usually cheaper and lighter than lens binoculars, but noticeably inferior to them in image quality. How bright the image obtained with binoculars will be depends on the size of the lens of its objective, more precisely, its aperture, the inlet limited by the frame. The larger the aperture of the binoculars, the brighter they will be.

Eyepiece- the exit lens of the binoculars - is turned to the eye of the observer. In order for the image to have as little distortion as possible, binocular eyepieces are made of several elements, each of which is made of 1-3 lenses glued together.

For the production of top quality binocular eyepieces, special optical glasses with extra-low dispersion (ED-glasses) are used.

Scheme of binoculars with porro prisms

Mid-range binoculars are often equipped with eyepieces whose lenses contain aspherical elements. These eyepieces help correct some optical aberrations with just one lens. This makes the binoculars cheaper and lighter. Aspherics are not used in extra-class binoculars.

Prism wrapping systems are of two types - Porro (porro) and Roof (roof, otherwise roof-shaped prisms).

In binoculars with porro prisms double Z-shaped prisms are used, as a result of which the optical axis of such binoculars “breaks” and its tubes have a protrusion. Due to the fact that the optical channels of binoculars with Porro prisms are sufficiently widely spaced in space, such binoculars provide a bright image with a good reproduction of the volume of the object of observation.

Binoculars with roof-prisms more compact than binoculars with porro prisms. In them, there is practically no break in the optical axis. Two types of roof prisms are used in modern binoculars: Abbe-König and Schmidt-Pechan. The most common binoculars with Abbe-Koenig prisms. The advantages of binoculars with roof prisms include the fact that, due to the peculiarities of their design, such binoculars are easier to make airtight than binoculars with porro prisms. Roof prism binoculars, however, tend to be more expensive than porro prism binoculars because they are more difficult to manufacture. In addition, mid-priced roof prism binoculars tend to have a less bright and less contrast image than Porro prism binoculars of the same size and same magnification.

Scheme of the passage of a beam of light through a Schmidt-Pehan prism

For the highest quality binoculars, prisms are made of VAK-4 optical glass. Lower priced binoculars may have BK7 glass prisms.

Phase Correction Coating only applies to binoculars with roof prisms (binoculars with porro prisms do not need them). As a result of multiple internal reflections of the light beam occurring inside the roof prisms, the light is partially polarized. An angle occurs between the polarization vectors, called the phase shift angle. Subsequently, when these two vectors are added together, the resulting image is less bright and less contrast than Porro prism binoculars. The phase-correcting coating helps to preserve the brightness and contrast of the image and its correct color reproduction.

The amount of light brought to the eye by binoculars depends on the features antireflection coating his optics. If the optics of the binoculars did not have an antireflection coating, then about 10% of the light would be reflected from any glass / air surface.

Single coat reduces light loss by up to 4%.

Multi-layer coating helps to reduce them to 0.25% for each lens and even more. The best binoculars have a light transmission of 95-97%.

It is very important that the binoculars have a sufficiently large exit pupil. exit pupil is the diameter of the light beam entering the observer's eye. The size of the exit pupil is determined by the ratio of the binocular aperture, expressed in mm, to its magnification. If the exit pupil of the binoculars is small (3-4 mm), then it will be possible to observe with the help of such binoculars only during the day. At dusk, the amount of light coming out of it will be insufficient, and the image will turn out very dark. If you intend to observe in low light conditions, it is better to choose binoculars with an exit pupil of 7-8 mm. If the exit pupil of the binoculars is larger than this value, some of the light will be wasted.

Magnification (magnification) of binoculars- a value that shows how many times a given binoculars magnifies the image of an object compared to how it would be visible to the naked eye. As a rule, binoculars with a magnification of 10-12x are enough to conduct full-fledged observations of the Moon. Moreover, for observations with the help of such binoculars, the observer does not need a tripod, since the image will be stable. If the magnification of the binoculars exceeds this value, then its image will “jump”. Its stability is affected by a seemingly imperceptible trembling in the hands of the observer. Therefore, binoculars with a magnification of 16x and above are recommended to be used only with a tripod. You should also take into account the fact that with increasing magnification, the field of view of binoculars decreases, that is, only a narrow sector of space is visible through binoculars with high magnification. High magnification binoculars, as a rule, are intended for astronomical observations. They have a large aperture (60-120 mm) and weigh over 3 kg. Therefore, it is often simply impossible to hold them in your hands for a more or less long time.

Astronomical binoculars Miyauchi 26x100 "Galaxy" Bj-iCE APO

In addition to binoculars with constant magnification, there are binoculars with variable magnification (pancratic binoculars). Their magnification can vary from 7x to 35x and even from 10x to 60x. As attractive as the idea of ​​replacing several binoculars with one may seem, it is worth thinking carefully before buying such binoculars. Pancratic binoculars are quite difficult to manufacture. The image obtained with their help is always inferior in quality to the image obtained with binoculars with a constant magnification. It can be difficult for a manufacturer to make sure that when changing the magnification, the beams of light in both channels of the binoculars remain parallel, the image does not rotate around its axis, etc. And a large number of moving mechanical parts make these binoculars less reliable than fixed magnification binoculars.

Source - http://www.profoptic.ru/articles/?id=53

Inventor: Galileo Galilei
Country: Italy
Time of invention: 1609

Binoculars are an optical device used to observe objects at a certain distance. It includes two parallel telescopes, due to which the observation is carried out simultaneously with two eyes. Today, binoculars are widely used in various fields.

They are used to observe animals, nature, astronomical objects, in rescue and search operations. Binoculars are very popular among lovers of hunting and active pastime, due to their compact size and light weight.

Every optical instrument has its own history, and binoculars are no exception. The name of the device comes from the Latin words "bi" - "two" and "oculus" - "eye". The patterns of light propagation aroused the interest of scientists for a long time, and in the 17th century the first optical instruments began to appear, making it possible to observe objects at a distance - spyglasses.

That's just to observe the situation with one eye - not very comfortable. But if there is a problem, there will be those who want to solve it. Such a person was Galileo Galilei, who created binoculars in the form of two lenses - a collective and a divergent one. Then it was time to improve this invention.

Such a person was Galileo Galilei, who conducted a series of experiments in 1609, as a result of which binoculars were invented. The invention of his Dutch colleagues prompted him to experiment with lenses.

In 1608, the Dutch opticians Jacob Mecius, Hans Lippershey and Zachary Jansen, independently of each other invented a spyglass, which became the prototype, but was originally intended for sailors. The spyglass has been used for observing objects for a long time. However, it was not very comfortable and practical. The inconvenience of using a spotting scope lay in the fact that it was possible to look into it with only one eye. The opinion of the "users" was taken into account - this is how modern binoculars appeared.

Galileo Galilei designed the first binoculars from two telescopes, and then he thought about creating an instrument with a higher degree of magnification - a telescope. This outstanding invention is still used in astronomy to this day. With his helped to make most of the discoveries in this industry. It can be said with good reason that Galileo discovered the Universe for mankind.

But in the beginning, nevertheless, a utilitarian device was created, which has been used by scientists, travelers, and the military for 400 years already - the well-known binoculars. The first of a series of binoculars he created was a device with a small increase, which our contemporaries use as theater binoculars. Further experiments, which the scientist continued in 1610, gave him the opportunity to create optical instruments that increase the object by 20 or even 33 times.

In such devices, two lenses are used: one collects rays the light that forms the image (objective) and the other scatters them (eyepiece). Binoculars with this type of design are called the name of their discoverer - Galilean. Galileo's binoculars were simple and gave a clear image, but could not become a measuring instrument. Galileo's invention needed to be improved in order to improve the quality of the image.

Just in time, Kepler's developments arrived - the prisms that he created in 1611. Prism binoculars made it possible to study objects located at a greater distance than with the help of Galilean instruments. With the help of prism binoculars, a person could already measure the distance, their viewing angle increased. But Kepler's optical miracle had a serious flaw: the image was upside down.

The next milestone in the history of binoculars was laid by John Dollond. He invented the achromatic lens. In 1757, he was able to obtain the refraction of light without the use of water and lenses, and attempted to obtain this result by combining different glasses. In 1857, a new version of the achromatic lens was proposed by Thomas Grubb: instead of one lens, two glued lenses made of different glass are used - crown and flint. A converging biconvex lens is made from a crown, and a concave diverging lens is made from a flint. They are glued together with special optical glue. So get rid of distortion and loss of light when reflected from the lens.

The history of modern binoculars is based on the invention Kepler - prism optics. Due to this discovery, it was possible to greatly expand the view, objects were studied at a distance, and it could be measured. However, the new type of device also had a drawback: an inverted image. Optical scientists from Germany and France, as well as Russia, almost independently of each other, began to use a more complex system of prisms, which returned a direct view of the picture.

And in 1854, the Italian Ignazio Porro received a patent for a prism system. In the 60s of the 19th century, he worked with Hoffman in Paris on the development of monoculars with the same prism system as in modern models of binoculars. In 1894, the first binoculars were sold - the fruit joint work of scientist Ernst Abbe and engineer, founder of the factory of optical systems Carl Zeiss. They gave a sharp image and had an attractive design. In addition to the Porro prism, the binoculars can use the "roof" system without shifting the eyepiece. Its principle of operation is similar to telescopes, in fact, such binoculars are two telescope tubes connected in parallel.

Thus, there are two types of prism binoculars:

"Porro" - using the PORRO prism (named after the inventor Ignazio Porro). In this optical scheme, half of one prism is covered by another, which is rotated 90 degrees to it. In binoculars of this type, the eyepiece and lens are at different levels.

"Ruf" - using the ROOF prism (two types - the Abbe-Koenig prism and the Schmidt-Pechan prism) - the system is more complicated than the previous one. One prism completely covers the other. Binoculars with such optics are more compact, but also more expensive.

Depending on what characteristics to classify binoculars, there are several. If we start from the sizes, then there are two main types - classic binoculars (can have a fixed and variable magnification) and compact binoculars (can also have fixed and variable magnification.)

It is clear that compact binoculars are smaller than classic ones and therefore are convenient to use for hunters and tourists and other categories of users. However, the scope of classic binoculars is wider - the same tourism, hunting, sports competitions, navigation, military affairs, sky observation and other areas of human activity.

Also, binoculars are classified according to the method of focusing, there are two types of them. The first - with central focusing - one central screw for adjusting the focus, and with separate focusing - on each eyepiece, the focus (sharpness) is adjusted separately.

Different types of binoculars have different technical parameters, that determine their specialization.

Opera glasses- used to monitor objects in theaters, concerts, stadiums. Allows observation at a short distance. They have a fairly large aperture, very compact.

Compact binoculars- are used to observe objects in good weather in cases where there are no requirements for high magnification and aperture ratio.

Field glasses- has a large luminosity, often used in geodesy, topography and energy.

military binoculars Lightweight, portable, water-resistant with a dense shockproof body. Small, covers a wide field of view, provides good magnification.

astronomical binoculars- designed to observe celestial bodies (mostly observations are carried out using a tripod).

marine binoculars— resistant to bad weather conditions, waterproof. It has a built-in rangefinder, can be equipped with .

Night vision binoculars- used to observe objects at night.