Specific prophylaxis of rubella. Rubella - symptoms, signs and treatment, rubella complications, prevention. Rubella - symptoms in children

Rubella is a viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets (when coughing, talking, staying in the same room for a long time) and vertically (from mother to fetus). There are cases of infection by contact - through children's toys. Rubella disease affects only the human body, where it begins to multiply and is fixed in the lymph nodes, which begin to increase in the sick person even before the rash on skin. A sick person sheds the virus a week before the onset of the rash and a week after. As a result of the transferred disease, immunity is developed, it is impossible for a person to re-infect a person.

How is the disease progressing? What are the signs of rubella?

The latent period lasts 11-24 days, most often - 16-20 days. During the absence of rashes, the patient feels normal, signs of rubella do not appear visually, in some cases there is still a slight malaise, fast fatiguability, as well as weakness a couple of days before the rash appears.

Body temperature is usually subfebrile, does not exceed 38 °C. In some cases, signs of rubella are manifested in the form of a slight runny nose, a sensation of sore throat. The rash on the first day of the disease appears most often on the face, after it is observed on the trunk and limbs. The rash looks like small spots, the diameter of which is approximately five to seven millimeters, of a pinkish tint, they do not rise above the surface of the skin. If you press on the stain, it disappears. Rashes, as a rule, most predominate in the region of the extensor surfaces of the limbs, on the lower back, back ( top part), buttocks. There are much more of them on the torso than on the face. Rashes usually continue for about 2-3 days. Some patients have a dry cough and lacrimation. May be larger than the accepted size and painfully palpable The lymph nodes, but still the most characteristic sign of rubella is an upward change in the occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes, which becomes noticeable a couple of days before the onset of rashes.

The disease in children is relatively easy. body temperature rises slightly, lymph nodes increase. does not merge, after three days passes.

Adults and teenagers suffer the disease very hard. The consequences of the disease in many cases are damage to internal organs and joints. After the transferred rubella, complications are fixed in the form of the brain and other organs. For a pregnant woman, infection can cause stillbirth, premature birth, the birth of a child with congenital rubella syndrome (malformations). Such children are not cured and remain disabled forever. Among the disorders there are congenital heart defects, organs of vision, hearing, mental underdevelopment, speech disorder,

Rubella in adults. Treatment

Treatment of rubella in adults does not require hospitalization and is carried out independently at home, but under the obligatory supervision of the attending physician. Delayed initiation of treatment in some cases can lead to the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the brain. During the rash, you must adhere to bed rest and keep calm. The patient needs to drink plenty of fluids. In some cases, symptomatic medical therapy. Special treatment for normal flow illness is not required.

If complications arise (rubeous encephalitis, arthritis), immediate hospitalization is indicated.

Included in the vaccination calendar. The vaccine is administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes for the first time at 12-15 months, and then again at 6 years. Specific immunity is formed after 15-20 days in almost all vaccinated people and lasts for about 20 years.

Rubella is an acute viral infection with mostly mild tolerability. It refers to the ubiquitous (global) diseases that most of humanity suffers from. The causative agent is togavirus from the Togaviridae family.

Rubella pathogens are unstable in the environment. At room temperature they remain viable for several hours. When boiled, they die in a few seconds, quickly inactivated under the influence of ordinary antiseptics, drying, direct sunlight.

There are four forms of rubella:

• congenital;
• atypical;
• hardware;
• acquired.

The reasons

The source of infection is a rubella patient. Rubella viruses are isolated from environment together with microparticles of mucus from the nasopharynx and sputum. Most often, infection occurs through direct contact with a carrier of the virus.

Among the main routes of infection:

• contact (through contact with infectious material);
• intrauterine route (via circulatory system from mother to fetus)
• airborne route.

The incubation period of the infection is quite long. On average, it is 2-3 weeks. But others can become infected from a sick person only in certain period time: seven days before the onset of the first symptoms and about 5 days after they pass.

Susceptibility human body to rubella is extremely high - in most cases it is 100% ( we are talking about unvaccinated people who have not previously encountered the virus). Individuals who have previously had rubella develop strong immunity, so re-infection is excluded.

Rubella affects the greatest number of people in winter and early spring - at this time the virus is most aggressive. This is due to favorable weather conditions, abrupt change air temperature and a massive decrease in immunity.

In the typical course of rubella, an infected person begins to shed pathogens 7-10 days before the rash appears. Most intensively, viruses are excreted from the patient's body in the first five days of the rash period. The release of pathogens stops after two to three weeks from the onset of the rash.

With inapparent and atypical form rubella pathogens are excreted from the body infected person less intensively and for a shorter period of time. However, these forms of rubella represent the greatest epidemiological danger, since they occur in adults several times more often than in the typical course of the disease and usually remain unrecognized.

Children with congenital rubella also pose a significant epidemiological danger. With congenital rubella, viruses are found not only in mucus from the nasopharynx and sputum, but also in urine and feces. They can be released into the environment within 1.5-2 years.

The main mechanism of spread of rubella is airborne. Infection can also occur through household contact(much less often, mainly in children's groups (through toys). It has no significant epidemiological significance.

Most often, rubella affects children up to school age, schoolchildren, adolescents and socially active adults. Most often, children between the ages of two and nine are sick. During the first two or three years of life, children, as a rule, do not yet attend nursery preschool institutions Therefore, the risks of their infection and disease are several times lower compared to children of older preschool and primary school age. Most adolescents and adults are immune to rubella because they carry the infection in childhood.

Also temporarily immune to rubella are children in the first six months of life born to mothers who have specific immunity.

The main targets for the rubella virus are the structures of the lymphatic system, the skin, the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, the synovial tissue of the joints, and during pregnancy, the placenta and fetal tissues.

Symptoms and signs

After entering the human body, the rubella virus falls into a short-term “hibernation”. He begins to actively attack the immune system in the first days after the onset of the rash. In adults, the first symptoms resemble a mild cold.

During the incubation period, the rubella virus penetrates the mucous membranes of the body and is fixed on their surface. Soon after that, he settles in the submucosal tissues. The virus then spreads rapidly through the lymphatic system. There is a significant increase in the cervical lymph nodes, with their palpation, the patient experiences pain.

From this point on, the disease passes into a prodromal period, the duration of which ranges from several hours to two days. The incubation period ends with the appearance of rashes.

The characteristic rash is the first and key sign of rubella. It first appears on the skin of the face and behind the ears. In the future, the rash spreads to hairy part heads, after which they affect the entire surface of the body. Rash elements can also occur in a different sequence.

The rashes are round or oval in shape. Their color varies from pink to red. The size of each speck is from 2 to 3 millimeters. The rash does not rise above the skin and looks more like stains from spilled paint. On manual examination, the rash is smooth to the touch.

In some cases, rubella is accompanied by a confluent rash. In this case, solid red fields appear on the body. Because of this symptom, the disease can be difficult to distinguish from scarlet fever or measles, after which a false diagnosis can be made.

But there is a visible difference: with confluent eruptions, the face and body of the patient looks the same as with measles, while the extremities are covered with a rash that is similar to scarlet fever. It is important to know that the rubella rash is slightly larger in diameter than that of scarlet fever, and slightly smaller than that of measles.

In adults, rashes are more pronounced than in children. They completely cover the body, while the spots are as close as possible to each other. Often they are combined into one large spot. Whole erythematous areas may appear on the skin of the back and buttocks.

In some patients, rubella disappears without a rash, with mild or moderate manifestations of intoxication and catarrhal syndromes (atypical course). According to some data, rubella without a rash occurs in 30-50% of patients, according to others it is very rare form disease, and more often such a diagnosis is the result of an insufficiently thorough examination of the patient.

The course of rubella in children and adults, including pregnant women, does not differ significantly. Asymptomatic rubella is more common in adults than in children. The condition of children changes a day before the appearance of rashes. They are capricious a lot, get tired quickly, may complain of discomfort and general malaise.

In children, rubella can proceed in completely different ways:

• with rash and fever;
• exclusively with rash;
• With simultaneous presence rash, fever and catarrhal phenomena.

In childhood, a severe form of rubella and rubella moderate diagnosed 10 times less frequently than in adult patients.

One of the first symptoms of the manifestation of the virus is damage to the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. In combination with a rash or long before it, an enanthema appears on the mucosa - a dermatous change in the form of spots of pale Pink colour. This phenomenon is also called Forksheimer spots. In children this symptom usually weakly expressed.

With rubella, the patient accompanies for some time fever body (no more than 38 degrees Celsius). It testifies to two things at once: the inflammatory process in the body and the fight of the immune system against infection. There is no need to artificially lower the temperature if it does not rise above 38.5 degrees.

Rubella invariably accompanies worsening general well-being. The patient is concerned about the standard manifestations of an infectious disease:

• malaise;
• headache;
• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• body aches.

In some cases, there are changes in the blood test - there may be a slight leukopenia and lymphocytosis.

Rubella can also appear in an atypical (erased) form. The patient is not worried about the rash and other manifestations of intoxication. The only symptoms are sore throat and fever. Due to uncharacteristic symptoms, the erased form of rubella is often confused with tonsillitis or acute respiratory infections. In this case, the disease can be detected only with the help of laboratory tests.

Despite the absence of a rash, a patient with atypical rubella is still a distributor of the virus. This is the most common cause of epidemics and outbreaks of infection in communities.

Rubella in pregnant women: symptoms of congenital rubella

Rubella is especially dangerous for pregnant women. Often it leads to catastrophic cases:

• frozen pregnancy;
• miscarriages;
• stillbirth;
• formation of pathologies of fetal development.

Most of all, the virus threatens a pregnant woman and a child in the first trimester of pregnancy. It enters the fetus through the placenta. After that, it gradually affects all tissues and organs that are just starting to form, which leads to their abnormal development.

The degree of damage to the fetus depends on the form in which the disease occurs. Often a woman can be disturbed only by catarrhal manifestations: runny nose, sneezing, lacrimation. But the fetus at this time can suffer much more. Therefore, any symptoms during pregnancy, even the most insignificant, are a reason to consult a doctor and pass the necessary analysis.

The shorter the gestation period, the more likely occurrence serious complications. For example, for 3-4 weeks it is 58-62%, and 14-15 - already 8%. The nervous system of the fetus most often suffers: hearing, vision, conditioned reflexes. Often there are birth defects heart, underdevelopment and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

At 9-12 weeks from the moment of conception, rubella can lead to the most dire consequences. As a rule, during this period, it entails a miscarriage or intrauterine fading of the fetus. Even if the pregnancy can be saved, the possibility of its normal course in the future is almost excluded.

In the last weeks of pregnancy, the child's organs are already fully formed, therefore, the rubella virus does not pose such a serious danger to his life and health.

Depending on which organs and systems of the fetus were affected by rubella viruses, congenital rubella syndrome can be clinically manifested by disorders of:

• hearing organs - complete or partial, uni- or bilateral deafness, and deafness may not appear immediately, but several years after birth;
• organs of vision - one- or two-sided cataract, microphthalmia, glaucoma, chorioretinitis, pigmentary retinopathy;
• heart - stenosis pulmonary artery, defects of the aortic valve, defect of the interatrial or interventricular septum, diseases of the arterial duct;
• musculoskeletal system - open anterior source, osteoporosis of tubular bones, joint diseases;
• nervous system - microcephaly, meningoencephalitis, impaired consciousness, diseases of the language apparatus and psychomotor reactions, mental retardation, convulsive syndrome;
• endocrine system - sugar and diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, growth hormone deficiency;
• genitourinary system - cryptorchidism, hydrocele, cereal kidneys, prostate diseases;
• gastrointestinal tract and organs abdominal cavity- pyloric stenosis, hepatitis, hepatosplenomegaly.

In addition to the aforementioned violations, characteristic features congenital rubella syndrome is low birth weight, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, interstitial pneumonia, inguinal hernia, various anomalies of dermatoglyphics.

Visual impairment manifests itself in different ways. With cataracts, clouding of the crystal is observed (in one or two eyes). The eyeball may increase or decrease in size. In general, eye diseases are recorded in 85% of cases.

Heart or arterial defects are diagnosed in 98% of newborns with "small" rubella syndrome. The remaining 22% account for hearing pathologies (most often - complete or partial deafness). Usually it is accompanied by disorders of the vestibular apparatus.

More serious lesions organs and systems is called the "big" rubella syndrome. Children often have dropsy of the brain - hydrocephalus. Main symptom- a significant increase in the skull, due to the accumulation of fluid inside it. Sometimes the opposite disease can develop - microcephaly, which is characterized by a decrease in the brain and skull in volume.

In the presence of such congenital pathologies The doctors' prognosis is disappointing. Infants are often diagnosed with severe psychical deviations and developmental delays in the future. The congenital form of rubella also leads to disorders of the musculoskeletal system, convulsions, and paralysis.

If a woman has been ill with rubella in late pregnancy, the likelihood of visible disorders in the child is significantly reduced, but not completely eliminated. Instead, the infection may acquire chronic form. In this case, the pathology is difficult to detect at birth - it manifests itself later and can periodically worsen.

Diagnostics

The most reliable laboratory methods for diagnosing rubella are virological and molecular biological (PCR) analysis. The virological method is based on the isolation of viruses from swabs from biological fluids:

• saliva;
• blood;
• feces;
• urine, etc.

The virus can be detected by infecting the cell culture. The PCR method makes it possible to detect the DNA of viruses in all of the above biological fluids. Both methods can be applied to patients with both acquired and congenital rubella.

However, the virological method, due to its complexity and high cost almost never applied in practice. The PCR method is mainly used to diagnose congenital rubella. In newborns and children under the age of 1.5-2 years, blood and swabs from the nasopharynx serve as the material for research, and urine analysis is less common.

In the perinatal period, from the 11th week of gestation, the amniotic fluid of the pregnant woman is examined, and from the 22-23rd week, the amniotic fluid and cord blood. These materials for analysis can be obtained by amnio- and cordocentesis.

In clinical practice, for the diagnosis of rubella, the most widely used serological methods- a blood test for antibodies to the virus. The presence of specific antibodies indicates that at the time of blood sampling, the patient's body is fighting this disease.

The evaluation of the results of the study is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the body's immune response to the penetration of viruses. This allows you to differentiate acute process with immunity and reinfection. With the help of such an analysis, it is also possible to diagnose intrauterine infection of the fetus.

It has been established that with acquired rubella, specific antibodies to the virus appear in the blood from the first days of the disease. This means that you can go to the doctor immediately after the first symptoms appear. After all, the sooner a diagnosis is made and a treatment regimen is prescribed, the better. This is especially true for pregnant women.

most high concentration in the patient's blood, antibodies reach three to four weeks after infection. After that, their level gradually decreases. Finally, antibodies cease to be determined only after three months, that is, they can be detected in the blood even after complete recovery.

Regardless of the form of rubella infection, specific antibodies in low concentrations are found in human blood for life. Acquired immunity is developed, which eliminates the possibility reinfection. Cases of reinfection are still known to medicine, but they are caused by problems with the immune system and they happen extremely rarely.

The atypical (hidden) form of rubella is usually asymptomatic, so the examination of the therapist is meaningless. In this case reliable diagnosis can only be determined based on the results of a blood test.

Serological research methods are also the most informative in the screening examination of women during pregnancy and during its planning. It is best to be examined in advance, because an infection that is detected during pregnancy can already cause irreparable harm to the child.

In this case positive result for the presence of antibodies to the virus excludes the possibility of the birth of a child with congenital rubella syndrome. After all, if the mother has a specific immunity, it is transmitted to the fetus. In this case, the possibility of infection of the fetus is excluded. Immunity to infection persists during the first six months of a child's life.

A negative result involves planning pregnancy after immunization (vaccination).

The most informative diagnostic methods intrauterine rubella- results serological studies received before the 12th week of gestation. Thanks to them, you can most accurately determine the degree of damage to the fetus by the virus. If there is a high risk of having a child with severe abnormalities, termination of pregnancy may be indicated.

Negative results of the analysis for the determination of antibodies necessitate dynamic monitoring of a pregnant woman. Be sure to show a periodic blood test and the use of medications that are aimed at preventing infection.

If a woman at any stage of pregnancy, who has never had rubella and has not been vaccinated, finds an increase in antibodies by two or more times, then an acute process of infection is taking place in her body. This also indicates a high probability of fetal damage.

Rubella treatment

In uncomplicated cases, the treatment of rubella is limited to a sparing regimen, the appointment of antipyretic and desensitizing agents. The infection leads to general intoxication the patient's body, so treatment should be aimed at removing toxins from the body.

With the development of complications, drug treatment is used concomitant disease. In adults, against the background of rubella, most often occur:

• encephalitis;
• arthritis;
• thrombocytopenic purpura;
• meningoencephalitis.

In this case, treatment is carried out in accordance with the protocol medical care, which should be in these syndromes. Both tablets and intravenous and intramuscular injections can be prescribed.

specific antiviral treatment rubella has not been developed. Indeed, shortly after infection the immune system a person begins to develop specific protection, which, as a result, overcomes rubella.

There are data on the use of donor immunoglobulin in pregnant women and recombinant α-interferons in congenital rubella. These methods aim to create artificial immunity to the virus. However, scientists did not find a significant effect in the treatment of congenital rubella syndrome with these drugs.

You can quickly overcome rubella with the help of a special diet. It helps prevent complications and improve well-being during the period of the disease. First of all, you need to exclude from the diet foods that are difficult to digest: fried and fatty foods, spicy dishes etc.

Give preference fermented milk products and lean meat (preferably boiled). Consume a large number of fresh fruits and vegetables, as well as herbs. For the duration of the disease, it is worth giving up food that provokes gas formation: starchy and sweet.

To avoid complications, it is necessary to forget about bad habits: cigarettes and alcohol. They irritate the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and esophagus, which are already exhausted from the effects of infection. In addition, it is contraindicated to combine drugs and alcohol.

As a rule, full recovery occurs in 3-4 weeks. The patient is shown bed rest. Most of the symptoms of the disease are caused by the vital activity of the virus. To quickly cleanse the body of toxins, you need to drink plenty of water (1.5-2.5 liters per day).

Which doctors to contact additionally

If the patient still has complications, you should immediately contact a specialist of the appropriate profile. In this case, treatment will be aimed at eliminating the concomitant disease. Problems can be both internal and cosmetic in nature.

In most cases, rubella is accompanied by a rash, after which traces may remain. To fix the problem, you need to contact a beautician. Traces of rashes can be removed with laser resurfacing.

If you are concerned about diseases of the nasopharynx, make an appointment with an otolaryngologist (ENT). problems respiratory tract is a pulmonologist.

Sometimes the patient has an individual intolerance to the infection. With a strong allergic reaction of the body, especially in children, it is necessary to consult an allergist.

Prevention

Today, the only way to prevent congenital rubella syndrome is to prevent the disease in the mother. First, it is necessary to carry out generally accepted sanitary and hygienic measures. Among them:

• isolation of patients;
• a ban on attending collective or group events;
• sanitary and educational work, etc.

Unfortunately, they are ineffective and practically do not protect the pregnant woman from infection, although they reduce the likelihood of infection. It is possible to prevent rubella disease in pregnant women and, accordingly, congenital rubella syndrome, only through specific prophylaxis by creating an artificial active immunity at the population level.

According to WHO, in countries where there is no mandatory rubella vaccination program, the frequency of children born with congenital rubella syndrome is four cases per 1000 children. At the same time, only those children who were born alive are included in the statistics, not counting miscarriages and missed pregnancies caused by intrauterine rubella.

These figures are several orders of magnitude higher than in countries where routine vaccinations against this disease.

Specific prophylaxis of rubella is carried out mainly by live rubella vaccines. Well proven vaccines, which are obtained using a weakened strain of the rubella virus Wister RA 27/3. They stimulate the humoral and secretory immune response.

Antibodies appear two to three weeks after the introduction of the vaccine, immunity is formed in 95% of vaccinated individuals and remains tense for 15-20 years. Live rubella vaccines should not be used during pregnancy, as when they are administered, a short-term infection of the body with the virus occurs. This can lead to damage to the fetus and the birth of a child with congenital rubella syndrome. Pregnancy can be planned no earlier than three months after the vaccination. In three months, the body will be cleansed of excess antibodies and will be ready for bearing a child.

A full effect in the prevention of congenital rubella syndrome can only be achieved if routine vaccination boys and girls in childhood and mass immunization of both adolescent girls and boys as young as 15 years of age.

Rubella in an adult is severe and life-threatening in case of late diagnosis and treatment. This disease occurs in adulthood quite rare, but extremely difficult to tolerate. Rubella gets sick only once in a lifetime. No cases of re-infection are known.

What is rubella and what does it look like?

Rubella is an infectious disease that can occur both with complications and in a mild form. Characteristic differences her from other diseases are red spots on the body, which practically do not protrude above the surface of the skin. In adults, these red spots are located apart from each other, and in some places merge into one, affecting a significant area of ​​​​the skin. First, spots appear on the face and neck, then on the hairy areas of the skin, and subsequently on the legs, arms, buttocks.

Important: the rash on the skin with rubella does not itch, sometimes it can itch a little. If the rash began to bother, it is necessary to be examined for concomitant, non-rubella-related pathologies in the body.

Rubella causative agent

The rubella virus contains an RNA molecule and belongs to the genus Rubivirus (dangerous only to humans). Microvilli grow on its shell, with the help of which it is attached to the cells of the body. The causative agent of rubella has elements in its structure that have a detrimental effect on red blood cells and nerve fibers human cells.

Outside the environment of the human body, the rubella virus is destroyed almost instantly.

Why does rubella appear in children and how is it treated? This material is about this.

Causes of rubella. Ways of infection

The cause of infection with the rubella virus is primarily a weakened immune system. There are several ways of infection:

• inside the womb from a sick mother;
• from an infected child;
• from an infected adult.

When infected from a sick child or adult, the virus is transmitted by airborne droplets(coughing, sneezing, talking, screaming, kissing). The most favorable environment are collectives and places with a large number of people.

Symptoms and signs

There are a lot of symptoms, but some of them are similar to the symptoms of other colds and viral diseases:

• rash with red spots on the body, which appear 4-5 days after infection and last up to a week and a half; more rashes occur on the buttocks and back;
• sharp rise temperature: indicators in adults can reach 40 °, and it is very difficult to go astray;
• persistent migraine-like headaches; it is difficult to remove it with rubella, so experts recommend not to oversaturate the body with painkillers to no avail;
• pain in muscles and joints;
• respiratory disorders: severe runny nose, sore throat, pain when swallowing, cough;
• photophobia and increased tearfulness of the eyes, especially manifested in bright light;
• lack of appetite;
• conjunctivitis, often flowing into complex forms;
• men have pain in the testicles.

AT special occasions other symptoms may appear, which will also indicate the presence of a viral infection in the body (narrow-profile doctors know the specifics).

How rubella manifests itself. stages

Rubella begins to appear with the formations of pink, slightly noticeable spots in the sky. After that, brighter spots begin to appear behind the ears, then on the face and neck.

Development stages (periods):

• incubation period: the virus is already in the body, the person is a carrier, but symptomatic signs do not appear; duration from 10 to 23 days;
• prodromal period:(may be absent in some cases) is characterized by general malaise and a gradual increase in temperature, an increase in lymph nodes; duration from 1 to 2 weeks;
• rash stage: for 3-4 days, more and more rashes form on the body; during this period, there is a sharp increase in temperature, headaches and pain in the joints;
• recovery period: the spots gradually disappear, the temperature returns to normal, the migraine disappears.

Important: a person is contagious for 7 days after the formation of the last rash.

Types of rubella

Rubella in adults is classified into groups based on several criteria. Depending on the symptomatic manifestations:

• typical;
• atypical.

In the case of an atypical disease, the symptoms are milder and the treatment is easier and faster.

According to gravity:

• light form;
• average;
• heavy.

Depending on the likelihood of consequences:

• with accompanying complications;
• without complications.

In each case, there may be some deviations from existing classification, for example, moderate form.

Treatment of the disease

In medicine, there is no developed single system of treatment adult rubella. Drug methods are selected and prescribed depending on the symptomatic manifestations, as well as on the individual characteristics of the organism:

• antipyretic drugs ("Indomethacin", "Paracetamol") are taken when the body temperature rises above 38 °;
• antiviral drugs ("Arbidol", "Amizon") are taken in case of a severe form of the course of the disease;
• immune preparations are prescribed for any form of the disease ("Anaferon", "Viferon");
• cough preparations (dry - Codelac, wet - Erespal);
• from a cold, nasal drops ("Xilen" with a vasoconstrictor effect);
• with strong muscle pain appointed antihistamines("Suprastin");
• from the manifestations of conjunctivitis, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial eye drops ("Albucid");
• severe swelling of the lymph nodes and pain in the area of ​​tumors is treated by visiting a day hospital for UHF.

In each individual case, when choosing a medicinal product, consideration should be given to individual characteristics body (age, the presence of allergic reactions to components, accompanying chronic diseases).

With rubella, an adult should be completely isolated in a separate room. He needs to ensure frequent plentiful drink taking vitamins, good rest and dream. In most cases, treatment is successfully carried out at home. However, at the first signs of a deterioration in the patient's condition, it is necessary to seek help from a doctor or call an ambulance.

To the main treatment of rubella medications you can add treatment with folk remedies.

Usually, treatment takes place at home, but if complications occur, hospitalization and regular monitoring by doctors are necessary.

Treatment with folk methods

Rubella treatment folk methods involves enriching the body with useful trace elements, as well as taking tinctures from diuretic herbs to remove the virus from the body:

• tincture of lingonberries and rose hips;
• tincture of yarrow herb, linden and raspberry, nettle, currant;
• infusion of St. John's wort with the addition of crushed fresh berries blackcurrant;
• expectorant herbs: marshmallow root, licorice root.

Herbal infusions, unless otherwise indicated, are usually made in the following proportions: 2 tsp. herbs or berries for 1 cup of boiled and standing 1 minute water. Infuse for about 30 minutes, cover the container tightly with a lid. Tincture is taken 2-4 times a day instead of tea or as an additional drink. Honey can be added if there is no allergy to its components.

Important: medicinal herbs or mixtures thereof may not be the sole treatment for rubella in adults, but only as an adjunct to medical treatment.

Immunizations and vaccinations for adults

Routine rubella vaccination for adults is recommended by medical experts around the world. It is held every 20 years. There are several nuances in its implementation:

• Before getting vaccinated against rubella, you need to be tested for intolerance ( allergic manifestations) for certain medications and preparations; this is necessary to eliminate the consequences after vaccination and a sharp deterioration in the human condition;
• after vaccination, it is important to follow the general established rules for vaccination (do not wet the injection site for up to 2 days, do not scratch, do not use specific creams, for example, from stretch marks);
• rubella vaccination can be carried out in conjunction with vaccination against other viral diseases.

It is produced voluntarily on a paid or free basis.

What is dangerous rubella. Consequences and possible complications

Rubella in adults is more difficult than in children, and with untimely and illiterate treatment, complications can occur and negative consequences occur:

• pneumonia;
• inflammation in the brain region (encephalitis), which will lead to a decrease in memory, intelligence, difficulty in speech, decrease mental capacity etc.;
• chronic form of joint diseases (arthritis).

Rubella is especially dangerous for pregnant women who did not suffer from it in childhood. This can lead to infection of the fetus, which in turn leads to various disorders of the body during the development of the child. When a woman is infected in the first three months of pregnancy, in most cases, doctors insist on interrupting the gestation of the fetus. The rubella virus that has entered the fetus in the womb has a detrimental effect on the formation of its internal organs (kidneys, eyes, ears, heart, etc.).

Diagnostics. How to identify rubella

The diagnosis is made on the basis external manifestations, as well as from the words of the patient. In most cases, diagnosis is quick. In some cases, additional methods are needed:

• virological method, which is used before the appearance of the first rashes on the skin (examination of feces and blood);
• serological methods are used on the 1st or 2nd day of the appearance of a rash on the body;
• ELISA analysis that shows the development infectious process in the body.

There are other methods that are used to diagnose rubella in particularly difficult cases (for example, the complement fixation test).

Diet. What to eat and what not to eat when sick

With rubella, the patient usually does not have an appetite, so nutrition must be given Special attention so that the body receives the necessary useful and vitamin elements with food. Food should be freshly prepared, it is better to divide the food into 6-7 meals a day and reduce to the minimum portions for better digestibility weakened body. In mild forms of the disease, the patient can use almost all types of products, except:

• spicy food;
• fatty meat, fat;
• smoked meats and preserves;
• yeast muffin;
• dairy products with a high percentage fat content;
• fried foods.

In case of complications during rubella, the patient is recommended diet No. 13:

• fish soups;
• lean fish;
• lean meat;
• eggs;
• cereals;
• vegetables;
• light snacks (for example, aspic);
• low-fat dairy products (low-fat kefir).

The purpose of diet number 13 is to remove toxins from the body. Dishes are served in crushed, pureed and liquid form. It is impossible to take vegetables and fruits during rubella, as well as other foods that lead to bloating or upset stools (cheese, sausages, legumes, cabbage, apples, prunes, broccoli).

Rubella prevention involves a number of measures aimed at preventing the spread of the virus:

• isolation of the patient for at least 7 days from the moment the first rashes appear on the body;
• if possible, isolation of those previously in contact with the patient for at least 21 days;
• upon contact of a pregnant woman with a patient, a complete examination is necessary.

Prevention is also considered mass vaccination of previously unvaccinated people who were in contact with the patient.

The very first compulsory vaccination is done at the age of one and a half years, after which it is repeated in all children at the age of 6. If for some reason the vaccination was not carried out, it is necessary to vaccinate girls at the age of 14.

There are contraindications to rubella vaccination:

• high sensitivity to egg white;
• also to aminoglycosides;
• exacerbation of any existing chronic disease;
• immunodeficiency;
• when planning a pregnancy, it is forbidden to vaccinate a woman 3 months before the alleged conception.

Regarding reported cases lethal outcome in the case of rubella, one should not be irresponsible about preventive measures.

Important: regular care of the state of immunity will help to avoid such serious illnesses in adulthood, like rubella.

The video reveals information about the dangers of rubella for pregnant women and its symptoms, as well as all the possible side effects.

Rubella in adults is completely curable with proper selection of drug and folk methods. And only timely diagnosis will help maintain good health and avoid severe forms of the disease.

Question answer:

1. What is the causative agent of rubella?
The causative agent of rubella is a virus that is not dangerous to animals, only to humans. Outside the body, the virus dies.

2. What are the possible consequences of rubella in pregnant women?
Infection of a pregnant woman with the rubella virus entails infection of the fetus. First of all, the child receives a congenital chronic form of the disease. In addition, the virus acts destructively on the formed organs of the fetus or those that have just begun to form, which entails pathologies (heart disease, blindness, developmental delay).

3. How is rubella transmitted in adults?
Rubella in adults is transmitted by airborne droplets during conversation, friendly kisses, with saliva during coughing or sneezing.

4. How long should rubella quarantine last?
The duration of quarantine for rubella lasts 21 days. This is the incubation period of the virus in the body.

5. If the rubella lesion itches, how to get rid of it?
Rubella usually does not cause a rash discomfort and doesn't itch. If this happens, you should immediately see a doctor, as this condition may indicate a pathology unrelated to rubella.

6. With what disease can rubella be confused externally?
By outward signs rubella can be confused with diseases such as syphilis, scarlet fever, measles, and skin rashes can resemble an allergic reaction.

Rubella - viral disease, manifested by a rapidly spreading rash on the skin, an increase in lymph nodes (especially the occipital), usually a slight increase in temperature. In children, up to 90% of cases of the disease occur without visible symptoms.

The infection has an autumn-spring seasonality. It is transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period is 1-2 weeks, the sick person is contagious 7 days before the rash appears and up to 7-10 days after the rash.

The disease in children is mild, complications are rare. The most formidable complication is rubella (like measles) encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), its frequency is 1:5000-1:6000 cases.

In adolescents and adults, rubella is much more severe. Fever, intoxication phenomena (malaise, fatigue) are more pronounced, eye lesions (conjunctivitis) are noted. Characteristic is the defeat of small (phalangeal, metacarpophalangeal) and, less often, large (knee, elbow) joints.

In one of the epidemics, there were frequent complaints of pain in the testicles. Most patients do not require special treatment. Medications are used to treat symptoms and complications, alleviating the general condition.

After the disease, lifelong immunity develops, however, its tension with age and under the influence of various circumstances, may fall. Thus, a childhood rubella disease cannot serve as a 100% guarantee against recurrence.

Signs and symptoms of rubella

A person can only get rubella from another person. The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets (the virus enters the air from the mucous membrane respiratory organs a sick person and then inhaled by a healthy person). Most of infection occurs in incubation period when the virus has already settled in the body, but has not yet manifested itself by external signs.

Children

The incubation period for rubella is usually 11-23 days. In children, this infection usually occurs without any prodrome and begins with a rash.

In some cases, 1-2 days before the rash in children, the following symptoms of rubella are noted:

• headache;
• malaise;
• decreased appetite.

There may be a slight runny nose, subfebrile condition, soft hyperemia of the pharynx. Rashes with rubella pale pink, round or oval, 2-5 mm in diameter, in typical cases - small-spotted or roseolous.

Usually they do not merge, do not rise above the surface of the skin, are located on an unchanged background. Most often they begin with the face, neck, but after a few hours they spread throughout the body.

There is some thickening of the rash on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, back, buttocks. Less intense rashes on the face, completely absent on the palms and soles. The rash lasts for 1-3 days, then turns pale and disappears, leaving no pigmentation and flaking behind.

The temperature during the period of rashes often remains at subfebrile levels, but can rise to 38.5-39 ° C in 2-3 days.

A characteristic symptom of rubella is a systemic enlargement of the lymph nodes, especially the occipital, behind the ear and posterior cervical, palpation of which is often painful. Enlargement of lymph nodes can be found in prodromal period, this symptom persists in children until the 10-14th day of illness.

On the 1st-2nd day of the disease, a soft enanthema is sometimes found on the mucous membrane of the soft palate.

adults

In adults, rubella is usually severe. Young people, up to 30 years old, are more often ill. Their prodromal period is clearly expressed and lengthened in comparison with children.

The following symptoms of rubella are typical:

• asthenovegetative syndrome;
• malaise;
• headache;
• disturbed by chills;
• high fever;
• aching muscles and joints.

Pronounced catarrhal syndrome with the following symptoms:

• runny nose;
• pain and sore throat;
• dry cough;
• throat hyperemia;
• lacrimation;
• photophobia.

The rash in adults is more abundant, appears almost simultaneously, often has a maculopapular character, tends to merge with the formation of continuous erythematous fields in the back, buttocks, lasts up to 5 days or longer.

Enanthema on soft palate frequently noted. Feverish reaction is more pronounced in height and duration. Symptoms of intoxication usually persist throughout the entire period of the rash. Moderate and severe forms of the disease in adults are 8-10 times more common.

Blood analysis

In children in the blood test, there is an acceleration of ESR and moderate leukopenia with relative lymphocytosis by the end of the disease. However, in last years more and more often, moderate neutrophilic leukocytosis is detected with a shift of the formula to the left, especially in the complicated course of rubella.

The appearance of Turk cells and plasma cells in the blood is characteristic, the number of which can reach 15-20%. In adults, normocytosis and normal ESR are more common. Mono- and lymphocytosis may be noted.

Descriptions of rubella symptoms

Rubella Diagnosis

With the development or only suspicion of infection with rubella, you should immediately contact.

Even knowing how rubella manifests itself in children, it is not always possible to unambiguously determine this infection- it is necessary to establish the diagnosis on the basis of the anamnesis, data on the epidemiological situation and laboratory tests.

The diagnostic study includes the following laboratory tests:

Differential Diagnosis

Rubella treatment

To prevent the spread of infection, children are isolated from those who have not had rubella for 5 days from the moment of the rash.

It is especially important to prevent contact of a sick child with pregnant women (for gestational rubella), since infection with rubella pregnant can lead to fetal malformations.

Rubella treatment is limited to pathogenetic and symptomatic agents. AT acute period the patient should be on bed rest. Children with a tendency to allergic reactions and with an itchy rash prescribed antihistamines. If there are symptoms of joint damage, analgesics and local heat are used.

The defeat of the central nervous system requires immediate hospitalization of the patient and emergency complex treatment: detoxification, dehydration, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory therapy. specific treatment rubella is not currently available.

Rubella treatment at home

Weakened children's body The first thing you need is rest and relaxation. The patient should be provided with plenty of drink in the form of tea, juice, compote or jelly. The use of home recipes is possible only after consultation with your doctor.

Rubella vaccine

The first rubella vaccine is given to children at the age of one. It can be a monovaccine or complex vaccination. The second time children are vaccinated (or rather revaccinated) at the age of 6, then teenage girls at the age of 13 are subjected to another revaccination.

Very often, along with the rubella vaccine, they are vaccinated against two other childhood diseases: mumps ( mumps) and measles. Associated vaccines are usually used at the first vaccination, with revaccinations, monovaccines are used.

Rubella single vaccine Ervevax or Rudivax is also vaccinated in children who are contraindicated in the combined rubella-measles-mumps vaccine. There are also several types of the latter: Priorix, the associated mumps-measles rubella vaccine and MRRII.

Usually, children tolerate rubella vaccination well, if the vaccine was given against the background of full health baby's body.

About 10 percent of babies respond to the vaccine with a mild form of the disease:

• the temperature is understood to be no higher than 37-37.2 degrees;
• there may be a slight rash;
• runny nose;
• enlarged occipital and cervical lymph nodes.

Such symptoms may occur starting on the 4th day after vaccination for up to two weeks. serious adverse reactions for rubella vaccination are extremely rare, and rather the exception.

Rubella during pregnancy

Rubella is a disease that cripples unborn children. The disease of a pregnant woman leads to infection of the fetus. Depending on the gestational age at which infection occurs, various malformations are formed in the fetus with different probabilities:

• in the first trimester, the probability reaches 90%;
• in the second - up to 75%;
• in the third - 50%.

Rubella is especially dangerous for pregnant women, or rather for their fetus, in the first trimester of pregnancy - during the formation of organs and systems. During pregnancy, the rubella virus, penetrating the placenta, attacks the tissues of the fetus, which leads to chronic infection of the fetus and impaired intrauterine development.

The most characteristic are damage to the organ of vision (cataract, glaucoma, clouding of the cornea), the organ of hearing (deafness), the heart (congenital malformations).

Also, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) includes malformations of the maxillofacial apparatus, brain (microcephaly, mental retardation), internal organs (jaundice, liver enlargement, myocarditis, etc.).

In 15% of cases, rubella leads to miscarriage, stillbirth. When diagnosing rubella in a pregnant woman, an artificial termination of pregnancy is carried out. By scientific assessments, in Russia every fifth woman (in Moscow - every third) does not have sufficient immunity against rubella.

However, infection after 20 weeks of gestation usually does not negative impact on fetal development.

If rubella infection has occurred on early dates or if there is evidence of fetal lesions on later dates- a woman is recommended to make an artificial termination of pregnancy.

If the child is left, then the woman is considered to be at risk and her pregnancy is carried out taking into account this condition. Placental insufficiency and fetal hypoxia are treated, prophylaxis and restorative therapy are carried out, which helps to prevent worst consequences for a baby or miscarriage.

In addition, rubella during pregnancy can cause complications during childbirth:

• bleeding;
• violation of labor activity;
• blood infection.

Questions and answers on the topic "Rubella"

Question:Good afternoon! On Tuesday, a rash began to appear on the body, which went off the legs and gradually covered the whole body up to the face by Thursday, called the doctor and the doctor sent to the infectious disease specialist, she said that she doubted, because the lymphocytes were not inflamed and that the rash went from the legs and not from years, and sent for a blood test only on Monday. Symptoms all day: headache, temperature 37.5, aching joints, chills. By Sunday, the rash had already completely disappeared, it remained only on the face, and the temperature did not go away. When will the temperature pass and besides rubella, what can it be? Thanks in advance

Answer: As a rule, the temperature can be kept for 2-3 days. Sometimes, rubella is complicated by other diseases. Measles is characterized by a large rash, the elements of which have jagged edges and can merge. Accompanied high temperature, signs of intoxication. With scabies, the rash on the body itches, the elements of the rash are arranged in pairs, the lesions are the abdomen and hands. Syphilis, sepsis, typhus, psoriasis, dermatitis, monoculosis, lichen, toxidermia, mycosis and many other diseases may begin or be accompanied by a rash.

Question:Hello! I am 4 weeks pregnant, my baby was vaccinated against rubella, she developed a rash on the 5th day. When they were vaccinated at the clinic, they said that she could not infect me. Can I get infected?

Answer: Hello! She cannot infect you. The rash is side effect vaccinations.

Question:Hello. My son is 17 years old, he got rubella. The temperature was high, but now his temperature only rises to 37 in the evening. What should be done to make the temperature drop?

Answer: Hello! As a rule, in children, the temperature subsides already on the second day of illness, but adults tolerate rubella more severely, and such a reaction can be prolonged if some other virus is attached. The main complications of rubella are myocarditis, encephalitis, thrombocytopenic purpura and otitis, they are quite rare. Your son needs to pass clinical analysis blood test, blood test for concomitant viral infections and start antiviral treatment. Treatment of rubella is symptomatic (antipyretic drugs, for example, Nurofen, antiviral drugs, for example, Viferon, restorative drugs, for example, Vitrum vitamins).

Question:Are there any contraindications to rubella vaccination?

Answer: Contraindications are the same as for other live vaccines (immunodeficiency, pregnancy or allergy to aminoglycosides). The vaccine should not be given during acute illness, with caution it is administered to children with a history of thrombocytopenia.

Question:In early May, I talked with children who were quarantined for rubella. Passed the test on May 13th. Result: IgG (ME/ml) - 66.5 IgM (OE/ml) - 11.8. Is it worth it to be afraid? Pregnancy is now 16 weeks. Thank you.

Answer: Hello. It is possible that you have been infected (this is indicated by an increase in the level of IgM). We recommend that you consult a gynecologist and geneticist.

Question:Hello. The child is 1 year and 11 m. We have inflamed lymph nodes on the backs of our heads and do not go away for a very long time, but there are no reactions to this: no temperature, no headache. We were vaccinated against rubella. What could be the consequences?

Question:Hello! My son is 1 year 4 months old. They vaccinated against rubella, on the same day the child began to cough, it had never happened before. The doctor said that the reaction to the vaccine may occur around the 5th day. Can this cough be a reaction to the vaccine, and what is done in such cases?

Answer: A cough may be due to the introduction of a vaccine, and if the child's condition has not changed significantly (the child is active, not naughty, has an appetite, etc.), then special treatment such a cough is not required.

Question:I got my third rubella shot by mistake today, is it dangerous? It's been about 5 years since the previous one.

Answer: No, it is not dangerous if you are not pregnant.

Question:I would be very grateful if you could help me in this matter. My husband and I decided to have a baby. In many recommendations, I see advice to get a rubella vaccine before pregnancy. Unfortunately, in our city, doctors do not know about such a vaccination, and in all the medical institutions that I applied to, they do not do it. And I would like to do it - I have a little nephew with whom we communicate very often, in the fall he will go to the garden ... Therefore, I decided to buy the vaccine myself at the pharmacy and ask her to enter it at the clinic. I would like to clarify with you - which vaccine is most preferable in this situation? And how to determine its dose?

Answer: In general, before getting vaccinated, it is necessary to take a blood test for antibodies to rubella, because it often happens that a person, without knowing it, has been ill with it under the guise of an acute respiratory disease. But if such an analysis is not done in your city, then you can get vaccinated. After vaccination, you need to protect yourself for 3 months. The vaccine is administered once intramuscularly. At the pharmacy, you can ask for any rubella vaccine (in the sense of any manufacturer), the most common is Rudivax). The dose is the dose that is sold, and you inject it. Take suprastin or tavegil 3 days before and on the day after the injection so that there is no allergy.

Question:I am getting ready for pregnancy and donated blood for antibodies to rubella - anti- Rubella IgG - reference values ​​​​- less than 15 neg. Result 5.2. The doctor says that I have a very low rate and I need to be vaccinated, and in another laboratory they said that everything is in order. What do you advise me, really very low threshold resistance?

Answer: Yes, your immune system is not strong enough to prevent the development of the disease after meeting with the virus, so there is a risk of getting rubella. To prevent this, you need to get vaccinated, and check the antibody titer 2-3 months after vaccination.

Question:Help or Assist to understand, please, with result of the analysis on a rubella. IgG286me/ml, titer 1:3200, IgM was not detected. The doctor who performed the analysis said that I had an elevated IgG value, which could adversely affect the planned pregnancy, and I should repeat the analysis in 6 months. The doctor in the antenatal clinic said that there was no danger, because I had already suffered from this disease. Who is right?

Answer: The doctor of the antenatal clinic is right - you have had the disease, the second time you do not get rubella.

Question:The child is 1 year and 2 months old, for 2 days the temperature was not lower than 38, loss of appetite on the third day, a rash on the head, a little on the neck and stomach was added to the temperature, but appetite appeared. The next day, the temperature fell and by the evening did not rise above 37.5. The rash has spread, but looks like dots, not sores. Pediatrician initially suspected chickenpox, now says it looks like rubella. Found a slight increase in the occipital lymph node, but only on one side. We were vaccinated against rubella every year. Tell me, does rubella occur in one-year-old children? Why didn't the vaccine help? What else could be similar to rubella? How to avoid complications after rubella? How to understand that complications have appeared? The child still cannot complain about pain in the joints and the signs of incephalitis and meningitis are not known to me. The pediatrician, apart from hygiene and suprastin and antipyretics, did not prescribe anything, is it right to wait without knowing the exact diagnosis? The child is allergic (to milk), can this be an allergy?

Answer: What you are describing does not look like rubella, not like chicken pox, not for scarlet fever, since with these diseases the rash appears on the first day of illness. It's hard to say without seeing the rash and the baby, but it's most likely allergic rash. As for vaccinations, no vaccination is 100% effective against disease, so there is a chance of getting sick. But for this, contact of the child with a sick person must be established. If not, then more likely it is an allergy. In order to exclude rubella, it is necessary to do an ELISA with the determination of the titer of antibodies M and G to the rubella virus. If IgM is detected, this will confirm the diagnosis.

Question:My child's temperature rose to 38 in the evening and I gave my daughter Nurofen. The temperature dropped to little time and got up again. On the morning of 37.7 a pink rash appeared on the arms, legs and cheeks. At the same time, there are no symptoms of a cold, only the throat is slightly red. The rash has been on for two days. Can you help me identify if it's rubella or a drug allergy? Our therapist didn't really understand. Therefore, I turn to you. If it is rubella, is it life-threatening and how is it treated? Thank you in advance!

Answer: Rubella is characterized by the location of the rash mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, on the face, back and buttocks, it is small-spotted and does not merge. An obligatory symptom of rubella is an increase in the posterior cervical and occipital lymph nodes. In the blood, with this disease, the number of plasma cells increases. If your child has these symptoms, then it is most likely rubella. Take Erius or Fenistil. During the day, drink plenty of fluids, antipyretic drugs only at temperatures above 38.5 C.

Question:Hello. My name is Stas and I am 23 years old. A month ago I got rubella, but it does not go away. What to do?

Answer: You need to consult an infectious disease specialist. Clinical and laboratory research, perhaps you have already recovered from rubella, only residual effects of the disease remain.

Question:My daughter is 10 months old. At 6 months we had rubella, but the diagnosis was not confirmed by a blood test, we did not take it. At 12 months, all children are vaccinated against rubella, and our pediatrician said that it is still necessary to do a blood test for the presence of antibodies in order to know for sure whether to vaccinate or not. But blood is taken from a vein, and I would not want blood to be taken from such a crumb in this way. Is it possible for us not to do a blood test, but to vaccinate against rubella a year? How can this affect the health of the child?

Answer: You can't do a blood test. The child can be vaccinated with the combined measles-rubella-mumps vaccine. Even if a girl has been ill with rubella, this vaccination will not negatively affect her immunity and will not increase the risk of post-vaccination complications.

Question:How to vaccinate a child against rubella if the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine is not available?

Answer: Use rubella monovaccine Rudivax produced by Pasteur Merrier Connaught, which is registered in Russia. For children as young as 1 year of age, it can be administered simultaneously with the measles and mumps vaccines, as well as the hepatitis B vaccine. In this case, the vaccines are administered in different syringes to different parts of the body. In order not to give 4 injections at once at this age, two vaccines can be administered twice with an interval of 1 month. Before entering school and for older children, the same vaccine is used.

Question:Rubella is not a serious disease, how justified is the mass vaccination of children, is it not easier to vaccinate adolescent girls, preventing them from the possibility of the disease during pregnancy?

Answer: Vaccination gives good individual protection to the vaccinated and prevents congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), but by vaccinating only adolescent girls we cannot interrupt the circulation of the virus among children, so unvaccinated women (and women who have failed vaccination) may become ill during pregnancy. Vaccination of schoolgirls is effective. Experience shows that with insufficient vaccination coverage of young children, the risk of CRS does not decrease, and may even increase due to the shift in incidence to older age groups. That is why WHO recommends mass vaccination of children against rubella only if it is possible to achieve high (90-95%) coverage both at the age of 1 year and in schoolchildren; its effectiveness, of course, will be higher if, in parallel with the start of vaccination, mass vaccination of all schoolchildren who have not previously received the vaccine is carried out.

Question:What are the symptoms of rubella during pregnancy?

Answer: In pregnant women, rubella symptoms are exactly the same as other adults and quite often can proceed almost imperceptibly.

Question:Can children and adults who have been vaccinated get rubella?

Answer: It is well known that even a single dose of the rubella (MMR) vaccine creates strong immunity against the disease. However, in rare cases, not yet established reasons, rubella is contracted and ill by people who have received both doses of the MMR vaccine as prescribed by the vaccination schedule.

Question:How does rubella start? What are the first symptoms of rubella in children and adults?

Answer: The first signs of rubella in an adult may resemble a common cold: fever up to 38-39 C, chills, sore throat, runny nose, redness of the eyes. A rash appears a few days after the onset of these symptoms. In children, the first symptom of rubella may be a rash. Quite often, rubella occurs without noticeable symptoms or causes only symptoms that resemble a mild cold.

Question:How does rubella manifest in a child?

Answer: Children easily tolerate rubella, but a home regimen is still necessary in order to prevent complications. Accurate Diagnosis ALWAYS PUT DOCTOR. Calling a doctor is mandatory for you. A note must be made in the medical history past illness not to be vaccinated against rubella in the future.