Consequences of poor blood circulation in the brain. Violation of cerebral circulation. Treatment with folk remedies

Description:

Cerebral circulation is the blood circulation that occurs in the vascular system of the brain and spinal cord. In a pathological process that causes disorders of cerebral circulation, the main and cerebral arteries (aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, as well as common, internal and external carotid, vertebral, subclavian, spinal, basilar, radicular arteries and their branches), cerebral and jugular veins can be affected. venous sinuses. The nature of the pathology of the vessels of the brain is different: kinks and looping, narrowing of the lumen, vessels of the brain and spinal cord.

Symptoms:

Clinically, with cerebral circulation disorders, there may be subjective sensations (headache, etc.) without objective neurological symptoms; organic microsymptoms without clear symptoms of loss of CNS function; focal symptoms: movement disorders - paresis or paralysis, extrapyramidal disorders, coordination disorders, sensitivity disorders, pain; violations of the functions of the sense organs, focal violations of the higher functions of the cerebral cortex -, agraphia, alexia, etc .; changes in intelligence, memory, emotional-volitional sphere; epileptic seizures; psychopathological symptoms.

By the nature of cerebrovascular disorders, initial manifestations of insufficient blood supply to the brain, acute cerebrovascular accidents (transient disorders, intrathecal hemorrhages, strokes), chronic slowly progressive disorders of cerebral and spinal circulation (dyscirculatory and) are distinguished.

Clinical symptoms of the initial manifestations of insufficiency of blood supply to the brain are appearing, especially after intense mental and physical work, staying in a stuffy room, dizziness, noise in the head, decreased performance, sleep disturbance. Focal neurological symptoms in such patients, as a rule, are absent or are represented by diffuse microsymptoms. To diagnose the initial manifestations of insufficient blood supply to the brain, it is necessary to identify objective signs, vasomotor dystonia and exclude other somatic pathology, as well.

Acute cerebrovascular accidents include transient cerebrovascular accidents and strokes.

Transient disorders of cerebral circulation are manifested by focal or cerebral symptoms (or a combination thereof), lasting less than 1 day. Most often they are observed in atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, and in arterial hypertension.

There are transient ischemic attacks and hypertensive cerebral crises.

Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by the appearance of focal neurological symptoms (weakness and numbness of the extremities, speech difficulty, static disturbance, etc.) against the background of mild or absent cerebral symptoms.

For hypertensive cerebral crises, on the contrary, the predominance of cerebral symptoms (headache, dizziness, or) over focal ones, which sometimes may be absent, is characteristic. Acute cerebrovascular accident, in which focal neurological symptoms persist for more than 1 day, is considered a stroke.

Acute disorders of venous circulation in the brain also include venous hemorrhages, thrombosis of the cerebral veins and venous sinuses.

Chronic disorders of cerebral circulation (dyscirculatory encephalopathy and myelopathy) are the result of progressive circulatory failure caused by various vascular diseases.

A more rare cause of hemorrhage is a ruptured aneurysm. An arterial aneurysm, usually related to congenital pathology, is a saccular protrusion on the vessel wall. The walls of such a protrusion do not have such a powerful muscular and elastic frame as the walls of a normal vessel have. Therefore, sometimes only a relatively small jump in pressure, which is observed in quite healthy people during physical exertion or emotional stress, is enough for the wall of the aneurysm to burst.

Along with saccular aneurysms, other congenital anomalies of the vascular system are sometimes observed, creating a threat of sudden hemorrhage.
In cases where an aneurysm is located in the walls of vessels located on the surface of the brain, its rupture leads to the development of not intracerebral, but subarachnoid (subarachnoid) hemorrhage, located under the arachnoid membrane surrounding the brain. does not directly lead to the development of focal neurological symptoms (paresis, speech disorders, etc.), but with it general cerebral symptoms are expressed: a sudden sharp ("dagger") headache, often with subsequent loss of consciousness.

A cerebral infarction usually develops as a result of blockage of one of the cerebral vessels or a large (main) vessel of the head, through which blood flows to the brain.

There are four main vessels: the right and left internal carotid arteries, supplying most of the right and left hemispheres of the brain, and the right and left vertebral arteries, which then merge into the main artery and supply blood to the brainstem, cerebellum and occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.

The causes of blockage of the main and cerebral arteries may be different. So, during an inflammatory process on the heart valves (with the formation of infiltrates or with the formation of a parietal thrombus in the heart), pieces of a thrombus or infiltrate can come off and with the blood flow come to a cerebral vessel, the caliber of which is smaller than the size of the piece (embolus), and as a result clog the vessel. Particles of a decaying atherosclerotic plaque on the walls of one of the main arteries of the head can also become emboli.

This is one of the mechanisms for the development of cerebral infarction - embolic.
Another mechanism for the development of a heart attack is thrombotic: the gradual development of a blood clot (blood clot) at the location of an atherosclerotic plaque on the vessel wall. Atherosclerotic plaque filling the lumen of the vessel leads to a slowdown in blood flow, which contributes to the development of a blood clot. The uneven surface of the plaque favors the adhesion (aggregation) of platelets and other blood elements in this place, which is the main frame of the resulting thrombus.

As a rule, some local factors for the formation of a blood clot are often not enough. The development of thrombosis is facilitated by such factors as a general slowdown in blood flow (therefore, thrombosis of the cerebral vessels, as opposed to embolism and hemorrhage, usually develops at night, during sleep), increased blood clotting, increased aggregation (gluing) properties of platelets and red blood cells.

What is blood clotting, everyone knows from experience. A person accidentally cuts a finger, blood begins to flow from it, but gradually a blood clot (thrombus) forms at the site of the cut and the bleeding stops.
Blood clotting is a necessary biological factor contributing to our survival. But both reduced and increased clotting threatens our health and even our very lives.

Increased coagulability leads to the development of thrombosis, reduced - to bleeding with the slightest cuts and bruises. Hemophilia, a disease accompanied by reduced blood clotting and having a hereditary character, suffered from many members of the reigning families of Europe, including the son of the last Russian emperor, Tsarevich Alexei.

Treatment:

For treatment appoint:

Thrombolysis: medical restoration of the patency of a vessel clogged with a thrombus. In the beginning, it is necessary to exclude hemorrhagic lesions.
Control of vital functions such as blood pressure, respiration, kidney function in intensive care.
Anticoagulants: medical disruption of intravascular coagulation to prevent the development of Therapeutic exercises and exercise therapy to restore impaired body functions (paresis, paralysis).

Insufficient nutrition of the brain is called circulatory disorders, which can be caused by various factors. Lack of timely therapeutic treatment can lead to irreversible consequences, up to death.

People at risk need to know the symptoms and treatment of cerebrovascular accident.

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Causes of pathology

The most common cause of cerebrovascular accident is hypertension. Due to the increased level of pressure, the vessels undergo changes and lose their elasticity, which causes slow blood circulation. Even the slightest fluctuation in pressure leads to a disproportion between the need and the amount of blood delivered to the brain.

The second cause of the disease is atherosclerotic plaques in the vessels. They attach to the walls of arteries and veins, reduce their lumen, and when platelets settle on them, a blood clot is formed - a thrombus. The danger of blood clots is that, growing, they can completely block the blood flow, or, breaking off, clog the vessels in the brain, resulting in an acute cerebrovascular accident - a stroke.

Prolonged stress and chronic fatigue syndrome are also causes of the development of the disease in adulthood.

The blood circulation of the brain in children is disturbed much less frequently than in adults. This is due to the fact that atherosclerosis is extremely rare in childhood, their vessels are more elastic and are not subject to changes that occur in hypertensive patients.

That is why the causes of cerebral circulatory disorders in children are different from those that provoke poor blood flow in adults.

The main causes of NCM are intrauterine fetal hypoxia, severe pregnancy, protracted labor, infections suffered by the mother during gestation. The blood circulation in the baby is affected by the mother's lifestyle during pregnancy: prolonged stress, bad habits, malnutrition. Also provoking factors are congenital diseases of the cardiovascular system, pathologies of the vessels of the brain and spinal cord, early arterial hypertension.

These causes can cause circulatory disorders in adulthood, but, as a rule, these conditions are detected at birth or in the first years of a child's life.

Cerebral circulation in children and adults is disturbed due to the following reasons:

Heart failure, chronic diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
Clamping of blood vessels by the cervical vertebrae.
Traumatic brain injury, brain surgery.
Vasomotor disorders of the nervous system.
infectious vasculitis.
Thrombophlebitis.
Severe intoxication with medications and narcotic drugs.
Diseases of the endocrine system.
Systemic and rheumatoid diseases.
Diabetes.
Overweight.

Regardless of the cause of impaired circulation, lack of nutrition affects not only the brain, but also all organs and systems of the body. Therefore, it is important to eliminate provoking factors in a timely manner and take measures to improve blood flow.

Classification by type

Cerebral circulation disorders are divided into two types: chronic (HNMK) and acute (ONMK).

Chronic cerebrovascular accident develops slowly, gradually affecting the brain tissue, leading to disruption of its functions and irreversible damage. The main causes of its development are arterial hypertension, vascular atherosclerosis, heart failure.

Despite the fact that stroke is considered an "senile" disease, it also occurs in childhood. Among children with cerebrovascular accidents, about 7% had a stroke.

ONMK is divided into 2 types:

1. Ischemic stroke - blockage of the arteries of the brain occurs, as a result, acute hypoxia occurs, necrotic lesions are formed, as a result of which brain cells die.
2. Hemorrhagic stroke - there is a rupture of blood vessels in the tissues, hematomas are formed, pressing on the adjacent areas of the brain.

Separate from strokes, another type of acute disorder is distinguished - subarachnoid hemorrhage, in which there is a rupture of blood vessels between the membranes of the brain. Most often, all this type is caused by traumatic lesions of the cranium, less often by internal factors: aneurysm, vasculitis, chronic diseases of the vascular system.

General symptoms

Signs of cerebrovascular accident are classified into 2 types:

1. Focal - these include hemorrhagic changes, infarction of cerebral vessels, hemorrhages between the membranes.
2. Diffuse - characterized by minor hemorrhages, cysts, tumors, small necrotic foci.

Any of the pathologies associated with poor blood flow has its own special signs, but there are also general symptoms that are characteristic of all diseases:

Impaired coordination.
Sudden headaches.
Dizziness.
Numbness of limbs and face.
Violation of cognitive functions.
Decreased vision and hearing.
Hyperexcitability, nervousness, outbursts of aggression.
Decreased memory, intellectual abilities.
Sensation of noise in the head.
Fast fatiguability.
Decreased performance.

These symptoms can appear both individually and in combination. And if three signs are observed at the same time, it is urgent to consult a doctor.

Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident of acute and chronic forms manifest themselves in different ways, so they should be considered separately.

Chronic circulatory disorders

Chronic NMC develops gradually, there are three stages of its progression with an increase in symptoms. For encephalopathy - an organic lesion of the brain, the following symptoms are characteristic:

1. At the first stage, the manifestations are mild. First, there is rapid fatigue, headache and dizziness. The patient begins to sleep restlessly, becomes irritable and distracted, notices a memory disorder.
2. At the second stage, coordination is disturbed: the gait becomes uncertain, shaky, hand tremors may be observed. Memory becomes even worse, concentration of attention decreases, forgetfulness and irritability progress.
3. The third stage is characterized by noticeable disturbances in motor functions, unrelated speech, dementia develops.

Symptoms of encephalopathy in infants:

Lack of sucking reflex.
Disturbed sleep, causeless crying.
Increased or decreased muscle tone.
Disturbed heartbeat.
Belated first cry.
Strabismus.
Hydrocephalus.

In older children, there is a reduced activity of the child, poor memory, delayed mental and speech development.

Also chronic disorders include cervical myelopathy, its three stages are accompanied by certain signs:

1. The first or compensated stage is accompanied by increased fatigue, weakness and slight weakness in the muscles.
2. At the subcompensated stage, muscle weakness progresses, reflexes and sensitivity decrease, muscle spasms occur.
3. At the last stage, there are: paralysis, paresis, disruption of the organs, the almost complete absence of reflexes.

The disease may be accompanied by fever and fever. It is worth noting that the symptoms can manifest themselves in different ways, depending on the severity of the disease and the state of the human body. The presence of chronic pathologies contributes to a more rapid progression of CNMC.

Signs of an acute course of the disease

As statistics show, about 70% of patients did not feel the symptoms of a stroke, the only thing that felt tired and weak, but attributed this to general malaise. There is the concept of "microstroke", in which the patient feels a sharp headache, faints, feels numbness of the limbs, but does not attach any importance to this, especially since after rest the condition improves. And the patient does not even suspect that he has suffered a transient ischemic attack or a lacunar stroke that affects vessels of small diameter.

Transient ischemic attack is a violation of cerebral circulation with rapidly disappearing symptoms.

Symptoms of this condition:

A sharp decrease in the clarity of speech.
Strong headache.
Visual impairment of a short duration.
Loss of coordination.

With lacunar stroke, there are no pronounced symptoms, which is difficult to diagnose, and threatens with serious consequences.

What the patient may feel:

Slight incoherence of speech.
Movement disorders.
Tremor of hands and chin.
Involuntary movements of the hands.

These conditions require urgent medical intervention to avoid irreversible consequences.

With ischemic and hemorrhoidal stroke, the symptoms are more pronounced. The main signs are a sharp, often throbbing, headache, a distortion of the muscles of the face to one side, and a sharp violation of motor functions.

Other signs:

Sharp pain on one side of the head.
Dizziness.
Expansion of one pupil (from the side of the stroke).
Incoherent speech.
Decreased vision, double vision.
Numbness of the face or limbs.
Nausea.
Sharp weakness.

The severity of symptoms varies from person to person. Three tests can be performed to identify signs of acute circulatory disorders:

1. Ask to smile.
2. Raise both hands.
3. Say your name.

With a stroke, the patient will not be able to smile evenly - the smile will be skewed, one arm will remain in place or will rise much more slowly. Speech will become slurred or disappear completely. The manifestation of these symptoms requires urgent hospitalization.

How to determine stroke in children?

The symptoms of stroke in children are similar to those in adults, but there are some special differences. You can suspect a stroke in newborns if you have the following signs:

Cramps of the limbs.
Swollen fontanel.
Respiratory failure.
Lag in development.
Involuntary rhythmic eye movements.

The risk group includes children with intrauterine growth retardation, born in rapid labor, with congenital diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

In children of younger preschool age, the symptoms of a stroke are the same as in adults, but the difficulty in diagnosing is that babies cannot always complain about feeling unwell.

When to be concerned:

Speech deteriorates sharply, or the child stops talking completely.
There are involuntary movements of the limbs.
One of the pupils is greatly dilated.
Motor functions are impaired or completely absent.
There is a hearing loss.
The perception of speech is sharply reduced.
The occurrence of seizures.
Involuntary defecation and urination.

An older child may complain that his head hurts, he feels numbness in his arms or legs, he sees flies in front of his eyes. If these signs are present, parents should put the child to bed and call an ambulance.

Therapy Methods

Treatment of cerebrovascular accident requires a long time. Therapeutic actions are aimed at ensuring a normal level of blood circulation, normalizing blood pressure, lowering cholesterol levels, maintaining a normal amount of electrolytes, removing edema and eliminating the causes of the disease.

The first stage of inpatient care includes the removal of life-threatening conditions, intensive therapy is carried out with the help of painkillers, antioxidants, anticonvulsants.

What drugs are prescribed:

1. If the cause of the disease is too thick blood and a tendency to thrombosis, anticoagulant drugs are prescribed: Curantil, Fragmin, Clexane, Curantil, Thrombo ACC. For children, Heparin injections are most often chosen.
2. Calcium channel blockers - improve microcirculation, relax arteries, prevent the formation of blood clots. These include: Veropamil, Finoptin, Lomir, Gallopamil, Bepredil, Forid. Children these drugs are contraindicated, and they are prescribed only as a last resort.
3. Antispasmodic drugs: Noshpa, Drotaverine hydrochloride. They relieve vascular spasms, due to which blood flow improves and blood pressure decreases.
4. Vasoactive drugs inhibit platelets, dilate blood vessels and improve intercellular metabolism of the brain. Means of this group: Vasobral, Nicergoline, Sermion. In childhood, Cinnarizine, Vinpocetine, Eufillin.
5. Neurotropic and nootropic drugs for children and adults are mandatory. They relieve the effects of hypoxia, improve intercellular metabolism, promote the formation of new vascular plexuses. In addition, they have a positive effect on cognitive functions, restore speech, memory, improve psycho-emotional mood. The most effective means: Cerebrolysin, Cortexin, Piracetam, Encephabol, Gliatilin, Mexidol, Pantogam.

Timely treatment of the chronic form will help to avoid complications and the occurrence of acute cerebrovascular accident. Unfortunately, in most cases, stroke leaves consequences, and requires constant supportive treatment.

In some cases, when blood circulation is disturbed, an operation is prescribed. The main indications for surgery:

1. Extensive hemorrhages and hematomas.
2. Blockage of blood vessels by thrombi and atherosclerotic plaques.
3. Tumors and cysts of the brain.
4. Damage to blood vessels.
5. Lack of positive dynamics from conservative treatment.

There are several types of interventions, and the attending physician decides which one to choose based on the severity and cause of the disease. The prognosis after surgery is usually positive, provided that the patient complies with all recommendations during the rehabilitation period.

As a conclusion

In order for the treatment to have a positive effect, it is necessary to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, give up bad habits, and engage in physiotherapy exercises. You should give up junk and fatty foods, reduce stress and get more rest.

Impaired blood circulation of the brain is a disease that requires constant monitoring. If the patient has such a diagnosis in the anamnesis, he needs to visit a neurologist and a therapist twice a year, as well as undergo examinations: EEG, ECG, complete blood count, platelet count, vascular ultrasound, and others according to indications.

Transient cerebrovascular disease is a vascular disease that is typical not only for the elderly, but also for those who have not yet turned 40 years old. PNMK is a reversible disease. But, nevertheless, having discovered the symptoms characteristic of him, you should consult a doctor. No need to delay, because the disease may well be a harbinger of more serious pathologies. PNMK has its own characteristics. The structure of the circulatory system of the head is very interesting. The fact is that during great mental or physical exertion, the amount of blood in the head does not increase. That is, a certain balance is maintained. More blood rushes to the stressed areas of the brain, and the blood drains from places with minimal stress. Cerebral vessels provide an excellent supply of oxygen and nutrients to the organ. The body runs smoothly thanks to this. Free blood flow in the head can be disturbed due to vascular disease. Some arteries narrow for various reasons, while others close altogether and blood can no longer pass through them. As a result, a person may develop hypoxia. This is fraught.

PNMK, how dangerous is it

If a certain part of the brain does not receive oxygen for a long time, then it develops.

But more often there is a transient violation of cerebral circulation. In this case, the functions of the body are violated and it cannot work productively. Violations are associated with malfunctions in the work of the arteries. If, after a stroke, many functions of the body can be impaired and long-term treatment is required, the patient. Then, with PNMK, the reversibility of undesirable processes is observed. In order for the patient to feel better and his state of health to stabilize, a day is enough. PIMC can leak and end within a short time. Sometimes it only takes a few minutes. Sometimes it takes about an hour. But it is still necessary to identify and treat the disease, despite the fact that it can end on its own without much harm to health. Violation of blood circulation in the cerebral vessels often precedes a stroke.

Cerebral circulation, types of disorders

chronic disorders come in two forms: hypertensive and atherosclerotic;
acute, meaning, suddenly developing strokes or transient disorders that are reversible.

Transient disorders of cerebral circulation are of two types:

transient ischemic attack.

The first type appears due to the fact that blood pressure rises sharply. At the same time, cardiac and cerebral symptoms intensify, new symptoms that were not previously observed may appear.

The second type is an acute circulatory disorder in the organ, but it is temporary. It is characterized by neurological signs. These signs are closely related to how extensive the affected area is. Another transient ischemic attack is called m. As a rule, there are no big changes in the work of the brain after it. This phenomenon lasts for several minutes or hours.

If a person turns his head sharply to the side, then the vertebral artery may be compressed. Against this background, PNMK occurs. Due to general cerebral dysfunction or short-term paroxysm, this ailment also develops.

Causes of the disease

, as well as hypertension - these are the main culprits in the development of PNMK. During these diseases, dynamic disturbances occur in the vessels of the brain. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the presence of deposits on the walls of the arteries. The denser and larger the plaque becomes, the more it impedes blood flow. As a result, a certain part of the brain does not receive the substances it needs. A small part of the cholesterol plaque can come off and clog an already narrowed vessel. In this case, there is a transient violation of the blood supply. There is a list of ailments that can also cause illness:

venereal infectious disease syphilis;
rheumatic affection of the arteries;
systemic lupus erythematosus;
myocardial infarction;
cervical osteochondrosis;
diabetes;
heart diseases;
high blood pressure;
bad habits.

Symptoms of PNMK

Transient ischemic attack is observed in a variety of vessels. It depends on where exactly the blockage of the artery by a thrombus or a cholesterol plaque is observed. Such a pathology develops quite sharply, acutely. With occlusion or stenosis of the internal carotid artery, a person has the following symptoms:

Numbness and tingling in the mouth

hemihypesthesia;
sensitivity in the upper extremities, as well as the face, may be reduced;
tingling in the mouth, numbness;
muscle paresis on the limbs;
the occurrence of pathological reflexes;
muscle weakness;
monocular blindness.

A transient attack may touch the basin of the middle artery of the brain. Then the symptoms are slightly different than in the case described above. The patient has epileptic seizures. With vessel occlusion in the vertebrobasilar system, the symptoms are as follows:

noise in ears;
hiccups
vomiting, nausea;
skin blanching;
diffuse hyperhidrosis;
horizontal nystagmus;
dysphonia;
veil before the eyes and other visual disturbances;
discomfort in the back of the head.

Complications of the disease

Common attacks of PNMK usually last no more than 2 hours. In this case, it is unlikely that a serious disorder of human health will occur. But it happens that the attacks follow one after another after a short period of time. If violations are observed several times a day, then as a result you can get a severe stroke. Frequent attacks occur against the background of a heart attack, or, more precisely, its severe forms. It is not normal if seizures occur more than 3 times a year. This is the reason for going to the doctor. Specialists examine the brain and determine the causes that caused PNMK. After the treatment prescribed by the doctor (which is likely to take place in a hospital), after discharge from time to time, the patient is shown examinations of the heart and brain.

Diagnosis of the disease

Determining that a patient is suffering from PNMC can be difficult. To correctly diagnose it is necessary:

assess the patient's complaints;
take a blood test;
conduct a study of blood vessels using ultrasound;
identify the presence of concomitant diseases;
do an MRI.

The patient should also visit such specialists as: a vascular surgeon, a cardiologist, a neurologist.

MRI allows you to get the most clear picture of what is happening in a single affected area of the brain.

MRI

Treatment of the disease

The patient should be given first aid if he has symptoms of the disease. First of all, he needs to provide complete rest. The person should be laid on a hard surface. If a person has lost consciousness, then you need to ensure that the tongue does not sink into the throat, thereby blocking the breath. A person needs to be brought to his senses with the help of improvised means. Bring a cloth soaked in a solution of ammonia to his nose, for example. Slaps are also wonderfully evocative. Only doctors can provide further assistance.

In a medical institution, the patient will receive drugs whose action is aimed at protecting neurons, the drugs will also improve blood circulation. For each patient, the complex of drugs is selected individually.

Until the symptoms of PNMK disappear completely, the person should remain in bed. Usually the state of his health is completely normal within 3 weeks.

Disease prevention

Blood sugar control

So that the symptoms of circulatory disorders do not reappear, you need to carefully monitor the health of the whole organism as a whole. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the vessels. Transient cerebrovascular accident treatment is complex. A lot depends on the patient. You need to control the amount of sugar in your blood. Cholesterol should also be normal. Smoking is a terrible enemy of people and an excellent assistant for PNMK. The alkaloid nicotine has a very detrimental effect on blood vessels, leads to pathologies of their walls, disrupts the metabolism in the body. Therefore, you need to stop smoking and control the amount of alcohol consumed. Nutrition must be correct.

Patients who have atherosclerotic diseases are shown therapeutic exercises. Exercises are done in conjunction with massage. You need to be extremely careful when doing them. There is a special Feldenkrais gymnastics. After its implementation, the patient will feel physically stronger. His intellect will be restored, sensitivity will increase. During this gymnastics, muscle strain is excluded. Slow movements are used. Breathing exercises help to saturate the blood with useful oxygen as much as possible. Thanks to her, a person can relax.

Video

Violation of cerebral circulation is of two types: acute and chronic. Both pathologies lead to different pathologies. Acute cerebrovascular accident leads to a stroke. Chronic cerebrovascular accident, in turn, leads to the development of discirculatory encephalopathy.

Diseases are characterized by neurological and mental disorders. With a stroke, they develop within hours and days, with dyscirculatory encephalopathy, symptoms can develop for decades. In addition to the actual clinical picture, which develops acutely at the time of circulatory disorders, pathology leads to long-term consequences, for example, to a decrease in intelligence and memory impairment.

Acute disorders include:

transient ischemic attack;
ischemic stroke;
hemorrhagic stroke;
hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space.

Each of these pathologies has its own clinical picture and treatment. Chronic circulatory disorders of the brain is an independent disease, which also has a peculiar symptomatology, diagnosis and treatment approaches.

The reasons

Causes of ischemic stroke:

Thromboembolism. Develops vascular disorders. More often occurs against the background of existing atherosclerosis. Educated atherosclerotic provokes the development of a blood clot, which is prone to separation and blockage of the arteries.
Hemodynamic factors: a sudden decrease in blood pressure (collapse), a decrease in circulating blood volume or due to a heart rhythm disorder.
Arterial hypertension. Occurs due to persistently high blood pressure.

The reasons hemorrhagic stroke:

Aneurysm, dissection of the cerebral arteries.
Blood diseases.
Vascular insufficiency due to inflammation of the walls of arteries and veins.
Hypertonic disease.

The reasons subarachnoid hemorrhages:

Traumatic: traumatic brain injury.
Non-traumatic: arterial rupture due to aneurysm, violation of blood coagulation systems, cocaine addiction.

The development of chronic cerebrovascular accident is based on damage to small vessels, which causes microangiopathy. This pathology develops due to:

diabetes;
hypertension disease:
bad habits: alcohol and smoking;
past inflammatory diseases of the brain.

Signs of impaired brain activity in ischemic stroke develop within 2-3 hours. In most patients, a few days before an acute disorder, blood pressure decreases. Clinical picture:

Cerebral symptoms: acute headache, drowsiness, lethargy, apathy, possibly mental agitation. Cephalgia is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Autonomic disorders: feeling of heat influx, sweating, shortness of breath, palpitations, tremor, dry mouth.
Focal neurological signs. They are determined by the localization of ischemia. However, acute blood insufficiency in the brain is almost always accompanied by the following symptoms: a complete absence or partial weakening of strength in the skeletal muscles, loss of visual fields, speech and sensitivity disorders, a violation of the volitional sphere, a violation of the ability to recognize objects by tactile sensation, a violation of the accuracy of purposeful movements and walking.

Symptoms in violation of cerebral circulation by type hemorrhagic stroke:

Cerebral symptoms: acute cephalgia, confusion, disorientation, mixed consciousness, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness or agitation.
Specific brain signs: speech disorder, convulsions appear at the beginning of the hemorrhage, memory loss, stupefaction of criticism in relation to one's painful state. With a hemorrhage in the brain stem sections, a violation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is observed, consciousness is gradually depressed.

Insufficient blood supply to the brain against the background subarachnoid hemorrhage:

Sharp and sudden headache like a blow to the head. Pulsation in the occipital region. Nausea and repeated vomiting.
confused consciousness. Patients are drowsy, stunned, may fall into a coma.
Hypertension syndrome: dilated pupil, decreased visual acuity, impaired coordination.
poor functioning of the oculomotor nerve: drooping eyelids, strabismus, double vision in the eyes.
Seizures.
Hemiparesis, hemiplegia - a decrease or complete absence of muscle strength on one side of the body.

Due to the strong release of adrenaline into the blood, blood pressure rises. Cardiopulmonary insufficiency develops, the heart rhythm is disturbed. 3% of subarachnoid hemorrhage is fatal.

Insufficient blood circulation of the brain in transient ischemic attack with two types of clinical picture.

The first is an ischemic attack with a lack of blood circulation in the vertebrobasilar basin (it happens with cervical osteochondrosis):

Dizziness, autonomic disorders, double vision, vomiting, involuntary eye movements.
Simple visual hallucinations.
Alternating syndromes - simultaneous damage to the cranial nerves on one side of the head, and a violation of the motor and sensory spheres on the other.
Disorientation in space, amnesia.

The second variant of the clinical picture is a violation of blood circulation in the carotid arteries. Signs:

Impaired muscle strength on one side of the body or in only one limb.
Decreased sensation on one side of the body, or in the fingers.
Speech disorder.
Violation of orientation in space.

The clinical picture of dyscirculatory encephalopathy consists of a variety of symptoms that depend on the location of chronic blood insufficiency in the brain. Symptoms are usually divided into groups:

Cognitive impairment: absent-mindedness, decreased memory, decreased intelligence.
Emotional disorders: irritability, inability to control emotions, outbursts of anger, frequent mood swings.
movement shift.
Pseudobulbar disorders: violation of swallowing, lowering of the voice, slow speech, sometimes violent laughter and crying.
poor work of the cerebellum: disorder of coordination, walking.
Vegetative disorders: hyperhidrosis, dizziness.

With venous encephalopathy, a violation of blood outflow occurs and leads to the development of intracranial hypertension syndrome, which is manifested by bursting headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, decreased vision and tinnitus.

Progressive dyscirculatory encephalopathy leads to pelvic disorders: patients sometimes do not hold back urine or feces.

Cognitive disorders in vascular diseases are long-term consequences of acute or chronic cerebral circulation. Thus, patients often develop vascular dementia and other cognitive disorders. In patients, social adaptation is disturbed, they require care, often hygienic care. The long-term consequences of the violation are amnesia, a decrease in the intelligence quotient, confused thinking. Mental damage can reach such an extent that patients forget the faces of close relatives.

Prevention

The basis of acute and chronic circulatory disorders of the brain is mainly changes in hemodynamics, blood pressure, blood composition and the integrity of the vascular walls. So, in order to avoid vascular pathologies of the brain, two main ailments should be prevented - atherosclerosis and hypertension.

For this, the basic skills of a proper lifestyle are enough: regular and dosed physical exercises with an emphasis on cardio training, reducing alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, limiting food, leading to an increase in low and very low density lipoproteins in the blood. Also, people whose family members have had a stroke, heart attack or suffer from hypertension are recommended to measure blood pressure once a day and control its level. It should be remembered that the risk of brain complications appears when blood pressure exceeds 140/90 mm Hg.

Affects the health of the whole organism. Violation in its work can lead to the fact that the tissues will no longer receive enough oxygen and nutrients. As a result of this, there will be a slowdown in metabolism or possibly even the occurrence of hypoxia. Due to such problems, serious pathologies can develop.

Clinical manifestations of the disease

In the early stages of hemodynamic disturbances, no signs appear. And even after some time, the symptoms of this disease are so non-specific that it is impossible to immediately detect the disease. The main signs of poor circulation are:

The lack of desire is.
Deterioration of immunity.
Cold extremities.
Feeling of tingling and numbness in the hands.
Brittleness of hair and nails.
Varicose veins.
Constant fatigue.
The appearance of ulcers on the legs.
Change in skin pigmentation.
Puffiness.

Prevalence

And the treatment of which are interrelated, can lead to a stroke. It is for this reason that as soon as a person has the first signs of such a pathology, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor. After all, only timely and effective therapy aimed at improving blood circulation in the brain will avoid negative consequences.

Poor blood flow in the arms

Violation of blood circulation in the limbs leads to a deterioration in blood circulation in the body. This condition occurs due to the fact that the plaques that form clog the blood vessels.

The most common symptoms of such an ailment include numbness of the fingers, headaches, swelling in the elbows and hands, tingling, cold extremity syndrome, and deterioration of the nails.

Poor circulation in the hands occurs, as a rule, due to the following reasons:

Abuse of caffeine, alcohol and drugs.
Diabetes.
smoking.
High blood pressure.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Elevated cholesterol.

People who have poor blood circulation in their hands need to eat more foods containing fiber, and also try to consume low-fat foods, because most often it is because of this food that plaques form that block blood vessels. That is why, with such a disease, many patients are advised to lose weight.

Those who want to improve blood circulation in the limbs should definitely consume foods rich in vitamins E and C. You should also drink enough water in case of poor blood circulation. With this ailment, watermelon juice is especially useful.

Patients are strongly advised to keep the body and spine in the correct position to ensure uninterrupted blood flow without difficulty or obstruction. To prevent numbness of the hands, keep them in a comfortable position during sleep.

Impaired blood circulation in the legs

Poor circulation in the extremities can lead to many health problems. If no action is taken with such an ailment, the consequences can be severe.

The main cause of circulatory disorders in the legs is various. This problem arises when plaque forms on the walls of the peripheral arteries from a fatty substance that hardens. The formed hardening complicates the movement of blood through the veins and arteries.

Often, the use of drugs and certain drugs, a sedentary and unhealthy lifestyle lead to a violation of blood circulation. Quite often, poor blood flow to the legs is observed with atherosclerosis. These problems also occur in people who suffer from anemia, smoke a lot and eat improperly.

When blood circulation is disturbed, tingling appears in the lower extremities, convulsions, black and blue spots that occur most often in the calf muscles, as well as a feeling of numbness.

To obtain an accurate diagnosis, the patient will have to undergo one of the following examinations: angiography of the arteries, dopplerography, CTA or MRA. To check how well blood is flowing through the limbs, doctors compare the blood pressure levels of the ankles and hands.

Therapeutic measures depend on the severity of the blockage of the veins and arteries. Mild and moderate forms of the disease are treated with medications and various creams. It also recommends aerobics.

Severe circulatory disorders in the legs are treated exclusively with a surgical procedure: endarterectomy, angioplasty, peripheral shunting, revascularization, or atherectomy.

Consequences of poor circulation

If circulation problems are not treated, myocardial infarction may occur. Moreover, the risk of stroke increases. In some cases, poor circulation leads to critical ischemia. It will be possible to avoid such complications only if you are regularly examined.

Improving blood circulation in folk ways

If poor circulation is diagnosed, what should be done in this case? To quickly eliminate the disease, the main treatment should be combined with folk remedies.

To make an effective remedy, it is necessary to dissolve a small spoonful of edible salt and the same amount of sea salt in a glass of warm water. This fluid should be drawn in through the nostrils and the breath held for a few seconds. This solution should be treated for about 10 days.

To improve blood circulation in the legs, the following recipe will help: a pod of crushed bitter pepper, a tablespoon of dry mustard and a little sea salt. Everything is mixed and poured with a glass of vodka. The resulting mixture is infused for at least 10 days in a dark place. Limbs are rubbed with this tool, after which woolen socks are put on. It is better to do the procedure before going to bed.

Not bad helps to get rid of this problem saline solution. To do this, 5 tablespoons of sea salt are diluted in a glass of warm water. Then a small piece of cotton is soaked in the solution and inserted into the nose for 20 minutes, keeping the head thrown back.

Prevention of blood flow disorders

To avoid problems with the circulatory system, it is necessary first of all to lower cholesterol, and also to overcome physical inactivity. Giving up bad habits helps to reduce the risk of developing such pathologies. In addition, it is important to treat infectious diseases that provoke complications in time.