Heart attack symptoms first aid. Fatigue and fatigue. How to detect a heart attack

With acute heart attack needed medical assistance. And the sooner it is provided, the less the patient risks. After all, the result of a heart attack can be a myocardial infarction - necrosis (necrosis) of a section of the heart muscle.

But often people are mistaken, misinterpreting such a symptom as chest pain. It is believed that "the heart caught" when the cause of the pain is not related to cardiology. It happens the other way around: they endure to the last and dial “03”, when the heart attack has already begun. Let's try to understand these situations and find out when it is necessary and possible to provide first aid to the patient.

In addition to cardiac, there are so-called pericardial pains. The causes of such pain may be a hernia. esophageal opening diaphragm or diseases of the chest and spine (intercostal neuralgia, osteochondrosis, etc.). These pains are aggravated by certain movements (usually sharp) and are relieved by analgesics. In addition, in these cases, you can always find a position in which the pain subsides (for example, with a diaphragmatic hernia, this is a vertical position).

Main distinctive symptom heart pain - that it decreases at rest and when taking cardiac drugs, especially nitroglycerin. There may be several reasons for causing pain in the heart. And it can manifest itself in different ways. The most frequent heart pain in angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertensive crisis.

At angina pectoris pain most often occurs during physical or psycho-emotional load and lasts from 2-3 minutes to half an hour, accompanied by palpitations, shortness of breath, can radiate (give) to the left half of the body. At the same time, a person experiences a fear of death, and this is not hypersensitivity, but an objective clinical manifestation illness. The pain gradually subsides when the load is stopped or after taking nitroglycerin. This is the so-called angina pectoris. The progression of the disease leads to the appearance of pain and at rest, most often at night - in such cases, they talk about rest angina (in contrast to angina pectoris, which was discussed above).

Psycho-emotional stress is not necessarily negative experiences. Unexpected joyful news can also cause angina pectoris.

Here is a case from life. elderly woman the son calls on the phone: “Mom, I have a surprise! Dasha and I decided to get married! Now we are going to you, I will introduce you! We'll be there in ten minutes!" The woman, not having time to recover, rushes to clean up the apartment, but an unexpected strong pain in her heart stops her. The bride and groom arrived in time to urgently call an ambulance.

The danger of physical exertion does not mean that you need to move as little as possible. No, only dangerous excessive loads. Moderate and thoughtful physical exercises will only benefit. But it’s not worth moving furniture in the apartment on your own, setting agricultural records in the country. How many heart attacks happened in the beds on hot summer days!

But sometimes it is difficult for a person to determine what load will be excessive for him. In addition, there are unforeseen circumstances. For example, what to do if the elevator breaks down, and you have to go up to the tenth floor to get home? Climb the stairs slowly, choose a pace that is comfortable for you, breathe evenly. Stop after every flight of stairs. Rest until breathing is restored. It is better to lose half an hour, but keep your health.

The consequence of a nervous or physical tension in a person with hypertension can be hypertensive crisis, which also causes pain in the heart.

A hypertensive crisis is characterized by a sudden significant rise in blood pressure. This condition can last from several hours to several days and be accompanied by a sharp headache in the occipital region, dizziness, flashing "flies" before the eyes, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting. Both an excited state and an inhibited state are possible. But more often with a hypertensive crisis, a person prefers not to move because of a severe headache. Often, with his general pallor, his cheeks noticeably redden.

People suffering from hypertension usually know how to give themselves first aid, what drugs they need to take in case of sharp increase pressure. If this happened to you for the first time, take papazol or dibazol (2 tablets), heart remedies - corvalol or valocordin (40 drops per 10 ml of water), validol (1 tablet under the tongue). In order to reduce the risk of complications (stroke or heart attack), it is recommended to take an aspirin tablet. It thins the blood, preventing the formation of a blood clot.

The most formidable cause of a heart attack is myocardial infarction. In Russia, 1,800,000 cases of acute myocardial infarction are registered annually. It most commonly affects people between the ages of 45 and 60.

People with angina pectoris are most prone to heart attack. Preinfarction state characterized by a change in the course of the disease. Attacks become longer (30 minutes or more), become more frequent, the heart rhythm is disturbed. If it is not possible to restore impaired blood circulation, necrosis of the heart muscle, that is, acute myocardial infarction, may occur.

The main signs of a heart attack are pain behind the sternum, pallor, cyanosis of the lips, cold sweat, feeling short of breath, weak rapid pulse. The pressure usually rises, but it can also drop to critical numbers (ambulance doctors evaluate this as a bad prognosis). Pain can be very diverse: pressing, squeezing, burning, cutting, etc. For a heart attack, radiating pain is very characteristic. They can give to left hand, shoulder, shoulder blade, neck, jaw, less often - in right hand and a spatula. But it also happens that heartache manifests itself in the most unexpected place.

Doctors starting to work on an ambulance are told such a sad story. Old man called an ambulance several times during the night due to pain in the left index finger. According to him, the pain was unbearable, causing him anxiety and fear. Doctors did not find any pathology, and the man became more and more nervous. In the end, another brigade took him to the hospital. They did not have time to conduct an examination - the man died. The cause of death was myocardial infarction.

Pain developing heart attack may be different, it may not occur at all. But the most characteristic sensation in these cases is as if a fist were pressed to the chest.

The development of a heart attack may be accompanied atypical symptoms, such as headache, fainting, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. This also complicates the diagnosis, and hence the timely provision of assistance. A heart attack is tricky!

Here is another case from the practice of "ambulance". Reason for the call: abdominal pain in a 60-year-old man. The first thing that could be assumed was poisoning. Moreover, the symptoms appeared soon after eating. Feeling abdominal pain, nausea, weakness after dinner, the man drank several pills activated carbon but he didn't get any better. His wife was frightened: he turned pale as a sheet, cold sweat streamed down his face. They called an ambulance. This time the diagnosis was made very quickly. The doctor suspected a heart attack, and the patient was urgently hospitalized. The diagnosis was confirmed and treatment was started on time.

Very important give proper first aid in case of a heart attack, and for this you need to know what to do and what not to do in any case.

In all cases, with pain in the chest, you should put a tablet of validol or nitroglycerin under the tongue. Be aware that nitroglycerin can cause a sharp decline pressure: the patient may experience dizziness, headache, weakness, so he should not get up abruptly. It is better to take nitroglycerin along with validol, then the effect of the drug will be softer (this will not affect the effectiveness). In addition, you can drink valocordin or corvalol (40 drops per 10 ml of water) and 1-2 tablets of noshpa or papaverine.

Nitroglycerin in the form of tablets begins to act after 1-2 minutes, the effect of the drug lasts 20-30 minutes. If after 3-5 minutes after you have drunk one tablet of nitroglycerin, the pain has not gone away, take another tablet. It didn't work - call an ambulance!

Before the arrival of the brigade, you can put a mustard plaster or pepper patch on the heart area to expand the vessels and thereby facilitate blood flow. Do not use a heating pad - heating should be only superficial. The biggest mistake is to put an ice pack on the heart area, trying to relieve pain. Cold heart is absolutely unacceptable!

Loosen the patient's tight clothing (belt, tie, etc.), unfasten the buttons on the collar, open the windows, providing access fresh air.

And of course, the patient needs peace - physical and mental. Calm him down, help him accept the most comfortable position(not necessarily horizontal as this can make breathing difficult) and do not let it move. Don't let him get up and walk around. It is important!

Once an ambulance came to call an elderly man. There was a suspicion of a heart attack. The doctor examined the patient, decided on hospitalization and went down to the car for a stretcher. It was the top floor of a five-story building without an elevator. Meanwhile, the patient acute infarction decided that he could make the work of the doctors easier, and began to descend the stairs, although he was strictly forbidden to even get up. An ambulance doctor and a neighbor who agreed to help carry the stretcher found the man between the second and first floors in a state of clinical death. Fortunately, the car contained the equipment necessary for emergency resuscitation and the patient was saved. The consequences of this frivolous act could be even more serious, if only because the brigade does not always respond to calls. intensive care, and an ordinary linear brigade would have had much less chance of saving this person.

When providing first aid for a heart attack, you need to act quickly. Very fast. Often minutes count. That's why necessary medicines should always be at hand. A simple tip: put the medicines you may need for a heart attack in a separate bag and put them in a specific place. Do not forget that the shelf life of drugs is limited, so from time to time it is necessary to revise and replace expired drugs. Feel free to throw them away: they will not work when they are needed.

And one more piece of advice: carry a pack of nitroglycerin with you. If you don't need it, fine. But it may be useful to someone near you. For example, a random passerby. There are many cases when a nitroglycerin tablet, offered in time to a person caught unawares by a heart attack, saved a life.

A heart attack is one of common causes sudden death. Nobody is safe from it. Especially those people who have crossed a certain age limit. But, unfortunately, more and more often heart attacks are observed and in enough young age. In this case, the symptoms in women are somewhat different from the signs of pathology in men. They are more blurred and not expressed. And this leads to the fact that death rates in women from heart attacks are steadily increasing.

How to correctly recognize the first heart attack? And what to do in this situation? How can you help yourself or a loved one?

What is a heart attack

Pathology often leads to death. But doctors say that if first aid is provided in a timely manner, and a team of doctors is called, then the patient can be saved. Most likely if urgent remedial measures failed to undertake. In this case, death occurs as a result of extensive damage to the heart and complications that have arisen.

What happens in the body with this pathology? Symptoms of a heart attack in women appear if one of the arteries that feed the myocardium ceases to function fully. It does not deliver blood to the full main body. This causes damage to parts of the tissue begin to die off. The patient is in dire need of qualified assistance. Otherwise, death.

What can cause a heart attack? Symptoms in women occur against the background of a violation of the blood flow of blood vessels. Pathology can manifest itself as a result of a sudden spasm. Often an attack is provoked by an unexpected blockage of a vessel by cholesterol or a blood clot. Regardless of the factor that caused the pathology, there is only one reason for the death of heart tissue - a lack of oxygen.

Factors leading to a heart attack

There are many reasons that can trigger a heart attack. Symptoms in women in most cases are similar regardless of the source of the pathology.

The main provoking factors include:

age (after 55 years, a woman enters the risk zone);
hereditary factor;
undergone surgery to remove the ovaries;
period after menopause.

Additional sources of pathology

However, there are other causes that provoke a heart attack, which can be eliminated or nullified. negative impact on the body.

These factors are:

Smoking, addiction to alcohol, drug addiction. These factors are number one. Smokers are almost always diagnosed with heart disease. Alcohol intoxication worsens the situation several times. Often acute attack occurs in a state of deep hangover.
Reception birth control pills. Sometimes such a factor leads to the appearance of pathology in women who have not even reached the age of 40.
High cholesterol. Vessels clogged with plaques experience serious overload. Of course, the heart does not receive enough blood. He has to work hard.
Obesity. Organs swollen with fat do not allow the myocardium to work at full strength. This is a fairly common cause leading to cardiac disorders.
Inactivity. As a rule, this factor is combined with obesity or overweight.
Hypertension. High pressure overloads the heart muscle and blood vessels.
Diabetes. This is a pathology that provokes many various violations in the body. Suffering from the disease and the cardiovascular system.
Inflammatory processes in the vessels. They provoke a break coronary artery. Inflammation causes an increase in reactive protein in the body. This picture is observed most often in women. And what caused the increase in protein, doctors are not yet ready to say.
Hypothyroidism. The disease often becomes a source of heart disease. It can provoke an attack.
chronic stress. This state- the cause of the development of most diseases in the body. First of all, stress negatively affects the work of the heart.

Classic signs

Let's look at what are the most common symptoms of a heart attack?

Pathology is characterized by the following main features:

There is pain in the chest area. This is the most characteristic symptom impending heart attack. But pain doesn't always happen. Some people feel discomfort, tightness, a certain pressure in the chest. Wherein pain are completely absent. Patients claim that it becomes difficult for them to breathe, there is a feeling, "as if someone stepped on their chest." Very often, people believe that a heart attack causes pain only in the sternum and unpleasant discomfort in the left arm. You should know that negative feelings can appear in any other parts of the body: in the shoulders, in the throat, in the upper part of the peritoneum, in the jaws, teeth, back.
Strong sweating, perspiration. Notice when this symptom appears. Of particular concern is increased sweating in a person who is in a cool room, and not in the heat. Perspiration that appeared in the absence of physical activity. Severe sweating causes blockage of the arteries. The heart needs to work harder to pump enough blood. To save normal temperature at additional load body excretes a large number of sweat. If you encounter such a problem, be sure to consult your doctor.
Dyspnea. If such attacks occur after a small load (climbing a couple of floors, walking), you should consult a doctor. Very often shortness of breath is a symptom of heart disease. Especially if it is accompanied by severe fatigue and chest pain. Women are more likely to experience similar symptoms. It is shortness of breath and fatigue that usually warn of an impending heart attack.

Additional symptoms

With a classic attack, often there are:

Problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Very often, before an attack, there are disorders in digestive tract. Indigestion, heartburn, nausea may occur. These symptoms are often combined with dizziness. However, do not forget that such symptoms can be inherent in a number of pathologies.
Numbness of the fingers. Can only cover brushes. But sometimes the numbness extends to the shoulders and forearms.
Disrupted speech. A completely sober person begins to weave his tongue. Speech becomes slurred and incomprehensible.
Violation of motor coordination. The person loses control over the body. Most often this applies to the neck, shoulders, arms. This state is very reminiscent of alcohol intoxication. Especially if it is combined with That is why others do not always rush to help a person who is in such a state. This is very dangerous, because precious minutes are lost.

If you pay attention to the main symptoms of a heart attack listed above in a timely manner, you can manage to save a person's life. Therefore, do not pass by a person who needs your help.

Features of seizures in women

Most often, people present a heart attack as a sudden, pronounced attack. If the pathology concerns the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity, then the situation is somewhat different. Symptoms of a heart attack in women are rarely pronounced. Most of the patients endure them without attaching any importance to them at all.

This is dictated by the fact that the signs of the disease in most cases are blurred. Therefore, women do not notice them and do not take them seriously. In addition, the symptoms are somewhat different from those that characterize an attack in men.

Alarms

Pay attention to what are the first symptoms of a heart attack in women:

Severe fatigue, almost unsettling.
Disturbed sleep, insomnia. This condition can be observed even after severe fatigue. These symptoms appear about a month before the attack.
Increased anxiety, agitation, feeling of stress.
Indigestion, the appearance of nausea with normal nutrition.
Weak, clammy, sweaty skin.
Difficulty breathing with normal exertion or climbing stairs.
The appearance of pain in the neck, face, jaw, ears. Discomfort can spread to the arms, shoulders. It resembles a state of stretching of muscle tissue.

How to help yourself?

If you observe the signs of a heart attack in women described above, do not expect the condition to worsen. The most correct decision is to consult a doctor and get qualified help.

Remember that the doctor must be informed about all the symptoms that appear. In addition, it is important to name the factors that can aggravate the condition ( genetic predisposition, smoking, hypertension).

If you have an attack

What to do if you are caught off guard by a heart attack? Symptoms, first aid - these are the points that every person should know well. After all, minutes count.

First aid consists of the following activities:

Call the ambulance right away. Even if you do not know how to help yourself, the dispatcher will explain to you what to do before the arrival of the doctors.
Contact relatives who are able to come to you immediately if the attack began at the moment when you are alone.
Take an aspirin tablet (325 mg). The pill should be chewed for it to take effect quickly.
Take a nitroglycerin tablet. If a positive effect not observed, you can use the medicine again. The third pill is allowed to drink only if the pain does not subside within 10 minutes after taking the second pill.
Try to remain calm. Panic and fear, characteristic of an attack, complicate the condition. Remember that help is on its way to you. You can focus on counting your heartbeat. It's calming.
stay in lying position, on the back. In this case, it is desirable to raise the legs higher, placing a pillow or other object under them. This will allow the diaphragm to open, and oxygen will be better supplied to the blood.
Do deep breaths and regular exhalations.
If possible, it is recommended to open a window to allow fresh air to enter.

What Not to Do

If symptoms of a heart attack are observed in women, it is not enough to know how to act in such a situation. It should be remembered that it is strictly contraindicated:

get up or move around;
smoke;
get behind the wheel;
use aspirin if there is intolerance to the drug or an exacerbation of gastritis, ulcers is diagnosed;
take nitroglycerin if low pressure, headache, sharp pain, with impaired speech, coordination, vision;
consume drinks or food.

Help for a loved one

What to do if something is wrong with a person in front of your eyes, and you suspect that he is having a heart attack?

Symptoms in women, treatment is often perceived by such persons as not serious. Therefore, be prepared for the fact that they will begin to refuse to call a doctor and protest against the need to take a horizontal position.

Your actions should be as quick and clear as possible:

Call an ambulance.
Lay the patient on a horizontal surface with any object under their feet. Make sure the patient does not get up.
Unbutton the collar, belt.
Provide fresh air by opening a window. Turn on the fan.
Try to calm and reassure the victim.

Be sure to follow all the steps above. And remember that the further life of this person depends on your actions.

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Heart attack- heavy pathological condition due to an acute shortage of blood supply to the heart muscle (associated with blockage by a thrombus and / or spasm, usually in the area of \u200b\u200batherosclerotic plaque of the artery that feeds the heart), as well as the development of ischemia and necrosis (death) of this muscle area.

Necrosis of the heart muscle is a myocardial infarction. In the first hour from the onset of an attack, the so-called sudden cardiac or coronary death may occur.

Currently, about a third of heart attacks occurring in people living in Europe are fatal. And this is not so little, because the number of heart attacks is estimated in hundreds of thousands of cases a year and is the main cause of death in civilized countries.

Most often, death from a heart attack occurs within the first two hours and is associated with the inability of the heart to maintain normal blood circulation in the body. If after a heart attack a person survived, then every day that moves the person who suffered an attack away from this incident, the chances of restoring health increase.

The danger of a heart attack lies in the fact that people usually do not pay due attention to the pain and other symptoms that are characteristic of a heart attack, which is the main mistake leading to irreversible pathologies and death.

Therefore, it is necessary to know the basic heart attack symptoms, which may indicate heart attack.
One of the most frequent heart attack symptoms is prolonged pain, which is localized in the chest area. In this case, the patient has a feeling unpleasant pressure in chest, sometimes there is a feeling of heartburn.

Pain can occur in the left side of the body: in the arm to the forearm, in the shoulder blade, in the left side of the neck. There may also be pain in the hands, mandible, in the shoulder area, in the upper abdomen. The pain is prolonged and can be pressing, cutting, aching and burning in nature.

A characteristic symptom indicating a heart attack is shortness of breath, which manifests itself even with minimal activity, as well as at rest. This is due to the fact that the heart is not receiving required amount blood for his normal functioning. In addition, a person may feel weakness, heart palpitations. He may be sweating.

You should pay attention to the work of the heart and if there is fatigue. At the same time, the feeling of fatigue does not go away for several days, weeks or even months. Accompanying a heart attack may be stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting. Most often, these symptoms are not associated with heart disease, but you should pay attention to them if they appear in a normal diet and are not associated with poor-quality food intake.
Sometimes there is a temporary loss of consciousness.

A heart attack may be preceded by an increased heart rate, which manifests itself as a fast and irregular pulse.

Precursors of a heart attack can be conditions such as anxiety, discomfort, insomnia.

However, chest pain is not always heart attack symptoms, since they are also characteristic of intercostal neuralgia. In order to accurately determine the disease, you need to pay attention to several points:

Pain conditions. The pain characteristic of heart disease is usually associated with some kind of stress (physical or mental). While with neuralgia, pain can occur with sharp turn trunk or for no reason at all.
Pain relief conditions. The pain of a heart attack goes away with nitroglycerin after a few minutes, while in neuralgia this drug inefficient.
The nature of the pain. With cardiac pathology, the pain is pressing, cutting, stabbing, aching. With neuralgia - paroxysmal, stabbing, encircling character; aggravated by movements of the trunk, during coughing, sneezing and deep breaths.

In addition to intercostal neuralgia, a number of other diseases have similar symptoms.
In the event of nausea and stomach pain, a heart attack can be confused with food poisoning, perforated gastric ulcer and acute cholecystitis.

For right sided pain this pathology heart is similar to symptoms of pneumonia or pleurisy. Unlike these diseases, a heart attack is almost always accompanied by symptoms such as weakness, falling blood pressure, shortness of breath.

Symptoms of a heart attack are similar to acute pericarditis. hallmark pericarditis are chest noises that can be heard with a stethoscope. With pericarditis, pain appears along with fever, an increase in ESR, and leukocytosis. The pain subsides in the sitting position.

Heart attack symptoms similar to shingles. To distinguish this disease from the pathology of the heart, it is necessary to examine the places where pain appears. With shingles, vesicles appear in the area of pain along the intercostal nerve. The diagnosis is clarified and the absence of changes in the work of the heart with the help of an ECG.

In determining the nature of the pathological process, the key role is played by the ECG and the determination of the composition of cardiac enzymes in the blood.

The use of the CARDIOVISOR increases the detection of abnormalities leading to a heart attack from 20 (with a conventional ECG) to 80 percent (with the CARDIOVISOR).

Classical electrocardiography has a number of disadvantages, such as low sensitivity and specificity in relation to some pathological processes in the heart. One of modern ways, aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of the classical method of studying the work of the heart is the dispersion mapping of heart signals, which is implemented using the device "CARDIOVISOR". When using a classic ECG, waves are analyzed while modern method dispersion mapping is aimed at analyzing low-amplitude fluctuations, which can be used to judge impending pathologies of the myocardium long before the appearance of changes in the teeth. Therefore, using this modern method, it is possible to obtain information about the approaching disease at an earlier stage.

To the list of publications

First aid for a heart attack allows you to temporarily eliminate the threat to the life of the patient until qualified support is provided to him. First aid for a heart attack is provided to the victim, if there is certain symptoms diseases. How to recognize them ordinary person? How and what to do with a heart attack?

Symptoms of the disease

In order to help a patient who has a heart disease that manifests itself in the form of an attack, you need to know that there are two forms of this phenomenon:

Painful kind of injury.
Painless type of illness.

They are characterized by various features. Manifestation of a heart attack painful form may cause the following symptoms:

Sudden pain syndrome of a compressive nature on the left side of the chest.
Burning pain in the heart muscle.
Pressing, paroxysmal soreness behind the sternum or in the left side of the body, lasting from 3 to 5 minutes.
The pain syndrome can be given to the hand (left).
Sometimes soreness can occur under the left shoulder blade or hit the neck from the side of the heart muscle.
In some cases, a heart attack causes pain in the upper abdomen.

If there is no pain, then the attack manifests itself in the following form:

The patient begins severe shortness of breath.
The person complains about the lack of air.
There are interruptions in the work of the heart muscle.
The patient is rapidly weakening.
The patient may become dizzy.
In some cases, a heart attack can be recognized by a single vomiting.

All of the above phenomena can occur individually or in combination with each other. When they appear, you must immediately provide first aid to the patient, otherwise a fatal outcome may occur.

Ways of temporary relief

What to do in the event of a heart attack? If the symptoms listed above are present, then even with mild or moderate manifestations of the disease, lasting no more than 5 minutes, an ambulance should be urgently called.

The patient in this position is forbidden to get up, walk, smoke, drive a car, drink alcohol. You can not eat anything until the doctor allows it.

If there is a doctor nearby, then you need to follow his instructions, and if he is not there, then you can use the following instructions:

Remember the start time of the attack.
Measure the patient's pulse, heart rate and, if possible, blood pressure.
The victim must be seated or laid on a sofa (bed). In this case, be sure to raise the headboard.
If the attack occurred indoors, it is recommended to open the window, unfasten the patient's collar.
Give the patient an aspirin. He must chew and swallow the tablet. This drug should not be given if the patient cannot tolerate it or has already used it that day. It is also forbidden to use aspirin for stomach and duodenal ulcers.
After aspirin, give nitroglycerin tablets - it is placed under the tongue and absorbed. If this medicine is available in capsules, then it is chewed, but not swallowed. This medicine can also be in the form of a spray, then a dose is injected under the tongue. There is no need to inhale. If, after taking nitroglycerin, the patient develops great weakness, excessive sweating he complained about severe pain in the head, shortness of breath appeared, then it is urgent to lay the victim down and raise his legs (for example, a pillow is placed under them). After that, the patient should be given a glass cold water. No more nitroglycerin. This drug preparation do not use for low blood pressure, sudden weakness, severe pain in the head, acute loss of vision, speech, dizziness or impaired coordination of movements.
If the patient's condition after measures taken improved within 5 minutes, then you have to wait for the arrival of an ambulance. The patient should be limited in physical activity.
If the pain does not disappear after 10-15 minutes, then you need to give the patient nitroglycerin a second time, and then wait for the ambulance to arrive. In the absence of the above drugs and the patient has pain syndrome more than 5 minutes, you must immediately call an ambulance.
If the pain does not stop after the second dose of nitroglycerin, then after 10 minutes you need to take the third, and then wait for an ambulance.

All these activities must be carried out without panic and haste.

Their main purpose is to alleviate the condition of a person with a heart attack.

Naturally, it is impossible to cure him at such a time, since correct diagnosis can only be done by a cardiologist after examining the patient. That's why the main task- wait for an ambulance.

Additional measures

A person who suffers from any kind of heart disease should always wear nitroglycerin and aspirin. In some cases, this can save him from sudden death. Increased Risk the occurrence of an attack due to damage to the heart muscle is in people who drink alcohol, smokers. The risk group includes people exposed to stress, having increased content blood cholesterol, athletes, etc.

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Today's article will be full medical terms but let's try to figure it all out. Sometimes, in order to save a person's life, it is enough to perform very simple manipulations, let's talk about everything in order.

Heart problems most often occur in older people. Although middle-aged patients and even young people are increasingly complaining of heart failure.

As a rule, in the event of acute heart failure, it is necessary urgent help doctors. But relatives of a patient with heart failure need to know how to properly provide first aid to such a patient before the arrival of the ambulance. medical care.

Most often, it is competently provided first aid for a heart attack that saves the patient's life.

Signs of acute heart failure

The following forms of acute heart failure in humans have been noted:

congestive - in this case, insufficiency occurs either in the left or in the right ventricle, due to which blood stagnation occurs;
hypokinetic, which is characterized by the occurrence of cardiogenic shock.

With a congestive form of heart failure of the left or right ventricles, the blood circulates worse in the small or large circles of blood circulation.

Due to poor blood circulation internal organs can develop various complications. So, poor blood circulation in the lungs leads to acute edema in this section. respiratory tract. Symptoms of such edema are as follows:

the appearance of shortness of breath, which gradually increases and can lead to suffocation;
the person is forced to be sitting position, since in the supine position he has attacks of shortness of breath due to the fact that ventilation in the lungs is weakened;
coughing seizures with the release of foamy sputum;
moist rales are heard in the lungs during inhalation - exhalation;
the heart begins to beat faster;
pronounced cyanosis. skin, as well as the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx.

If thromboembolism occurs pulmonary artery, then both cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency occurs at the same time. In this case, the patient exhibits the following symptoms:

a person at rest has severe shortness of breath;
cyanosis is pronounced around the cube;
the patient complains of severe pain behind the sternum;
if thromboembolism is accompanied by a heart attack of one or both lungs, then the patient begins to hemoptysis.

Symptoms of circulatory disorders in big circle circulation are as follows:

severe swelling of the veins in the neck;
the occurrence of pain under the right rib due to high blood pressure in portal vein, stagnation of blood in the veins and sharp increase in the size of the liver;
a large amount of fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity;
sometimes it is possible to develop acute tissue death of hepatic pyronhema, due to which the patient may develop jaundice of the skin.

The main purpose of first aid to the patient

First aid for heart failure should be given where a person has an attack.

main goal such help is to reduce stress on the myocardium. It is also necessary to redistribute correctly the blood flow from the lungs.

The life of this person sometimes depends on how timely first aid was provided to such a patient.

First aid actions for a patient at home

First first aid, which should be provided to a patient with acute heart failure at home before the arrival of the Ambulance, is as follows:

How important is the first the right help?

Why is it so important to quickly and correctly provide first aid when a person has heart failure? Because in this case, the bill may go on for minutes, and the ambulance doctors may not have time to arrive on time. And on how well relatives know how to help the patient, his life, and not just health, depends.

An attack of acute heart failure is one of the diseases in which it is competent first aid that allows the patient to hold out until the ambulance arrives. And the doctors will already introduce the patient with the necessary medications. And if necessary, the patient is hospitalized.

That is why every person should know how to help such patients - after all, this attack can happen to a patient on the street, in a store, in transport, etc.

It was the competent first aid of passers-by that saved more than one human life during an attack of heart failure.

That's all for today, I hope I could tell you everything in plain language. I look forward to your comments, and if you liked the article - repost in in social networks. Do not forget to subscribe to blog updates - we have a lot of interesting things ahead of us. Until we meet again, bye bye.