What are antihistamines. Antihistamines: generations and names. General concept of antihistamines

New generation antihistamines - the most effective drugs in the treatment of allergies

Drugs that block histamine receptors in the body and thereby inhibit the effects it causes are called antihistamines.

What is histamine

Histamine is a mediator that is released from the connective tissue during allergic reactions and has Negative influence on organs and systems of the body: skin, respiratory tract, cardiovascular system, digestive tract and others.

Antihistamines are used to suppress free histamine and are divided into 3 groups depending on the receptors they block:

1. H1-blockers - this group of drugs is used in the treatment of allergic diseases.
2. H2-blockers - are indicated for diseases of the stomach, as they have a positive effect on its secretion.
3. H3 blockers are used in the treatment of neurological diseases.

Currently, there are many antihistamines:

• Diphenhydramine
• Diazolin
• Suprastin
• Claritin
• Kestin
• Rupafin
• Lorahexal
• Zyrtec
• Telfast
• Erius
• Zodak
• Parlazin

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They are divided into three generations of drugs for the treatment of allergic diseases.

1. The first generation of antihistamines, called classic, these include:

• diphenhydramine
• diazolin
• suprastin
• fenkarol
• tavegil

The mechanism of their action is in a reversible connection with peripheral and central H1 receptors, which blocks various effects of histamine: increased vascular permeability, contraction of the muscles of the bronchi and intestines. They quickly overcome the blood-brain barrier, while binding to the receptors of the brain, hence the powerful sedative and hypnotic effect.

Pros: these drugs act quickly and strongly - in half an hour a decrease is achieved allergic symptoms. They also have an anti-sickness and antiemetic effect, reduce the elements of parkinsonism. They have anticholinergic and local anesthetic effects. They are quickly excreted from the body.

Cons of antihistamines consist in the short duration of the therapeutic effect (4-6 hours), the need to change the drug during long-term therapy due to a decrease in its therapeutic activity and in large quantities side effects such as: drowsiness, visual disturbances, dry mouth, constipation, headache, urinary retention, tachycardia and anorexia. They do not have additional anti-allergic effect. Interact with other drugs.

This group of drugs is well suited for rapid achievement effect when it is necessary to treat acute allergic manifestations, for example, urticaria, seasonal rhinitis or an allergic reaction to food.

The second generation of antihistamines, or H1 antagonists, which entered the market at the end of the 70s of the last century, are structurally related to H1 receptors, therefore they lack the spectrum side effects characteristic of 1st generation drugs and a much wider range of applications is available to them.

These include:

• clarisens
• claridol
• lomilan
• claritin
• kestin
• rupafin
• lorahexal

Their mechanism of action is carried out by the accumulation of active antihistamine metabolites in the blood in a sufficient and long-term concentration. The active substances do not cross the blood-brain barrier, acting on the mast cell membrane, so the risk of drowsiness is minimized.

• physical and mental activity does not subside
• the duration of exposure is up to 24 hours, so it is enough to take most drugs once a day
• when treatment is stopped, the therapeutic effect lasts a week
• not addictive
• active substances are not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract

• have a cardiotoxic effect, as they block potassium channels hearts;

prolonged therapeutic effect

Antihistamines of the 2nd generation are used to relieve acute and prolonged allergic diseases, mild degree bronchial asthma, chronic idiopathic urticaria. Contraindicated in the elderly, patients with cardiovascular problems and diseases of the kidneys and liver. Require constant monitoring of cardiac activity.

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In the window of any pharmacy, there are a variety of allergy pills, the price of which varies markedly, which misleads an inexperienced buyer who has not previously dealt with allergies.

Today, thanks to a wide selection of medicines, you can buy both good, but quite expensive, and the most cheap drugs. How to do right choice and why the new product may be better than the previous ones, read the article.

Allergy pills - a list

During an allergic reaction, histamine is released into the bloodstream, a substance that can lead to narrowing of the airways and dilation of blood vessels, thereby causing swelling or swelling of tissues, as well as a decrease in blood pressure.

All antihistamines act as blockers of H1 and H2 histamine receptors, thereby preventing or reducing the characteristic symptoms of allergies.

Which allergy pills to choose?

Treatment various kinds Allergies can be produced both by the cheapest drugs and by the more expensive ones provided by the pharmaceutical industry.

For treatment and relief of symptoms skin manifestations and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, most often, the latest generation allergy pills are used, which can be purchased at a pharmacy without a doctor's prescription.

Consider the most effective and cheap pills from allergies in more detail.

Antihistamine tablets for allergies fall into two categories:

1. having a sedative effect;
2. non-sedating allergy pills that do not cause drowsiness.

The first generation includes older antiallergic drugs that relieve symptoms but cause drowsiness, which makes it difficult to use these drugs when driving motor vehicles or in work that requires high concentration. In addition, the concentration of active substances is quickly excreted from the blood, which requires taking the drug two or three times a day.

New generation allergy pills do not cause drowsiness, so they are used even for long courses, for example, during the dusting season of grasses and trees.

Antihistamines

CETIRIZINE (10 mg)

Skin allergy tablets with this active ingredient are very popular among allergy sufferers, they are also taken for the treatment of hay fever, seasonal manifestations of rhinoconjunctivitis and Quincke's edema. The best pills from allergies, which can be taken even by children from 6 months.

• ZIRTEK No. 7 from 189 rubles.
• CETRIN No. 20 from 160 rubles.
• ZODAK №10 from 142 rubles.
• PARLAZIN №10 from 110 rubles.
• LETIZEN No. 10 from 82 rubles.
• CETIRIZINE No. 10 from 60 rubles.

LEVOCETIRIZINE (5 mg)

Preparations with levocetirizine are used to eliminate the manifestations of year-round and seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever, various allergic skin rashes, Quincke's edema. Contraindications - age up to 6 years.

• LEVOCETIRIZINE TEVA №14 from 360 rubles.
• KSIZAL №7 from 316 rubles.
• GLENCET №7 from 290 rub.
• SUPRASTINEX №7 from 261 rubles.
• ELTSET No. 7 from 112 rubles.

LORATADIN (10 mg)

It is used to relieve symptoms of seasonal and year-round allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, as well as to eliminate allergic skin rashes and Quincke's edema. It is effective for insect allergies (to poison and insect bites) and pseudo-allergies. Contraindications - age up to 2 years.

• CLARITIN №10 from 206 rubles.
• LOMILAN №7 from 112 rubles.
• CLARICENSE №10 from 68 rubles.
• CLARIDOL No. 7 from 62 rubles.
• LORAGEXAL №10 from 50 rubles.
• LORATADIN VERTE №10 from 26 rubles

DESLORATADINE (5 mg)

It is used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and idiopathic urticaria. Contraindications - age up to 12 years.

• ELIZEA №30 from 350 rubles.
• LORDESTIN №10 from 270 rub.
• ERIUS №7 from 235 rubles.
• DEZAL No. 10 from 227 rubles.
• BLOGIR-3 №10 from 164 rubles.
• DEZLORATADINE No. 10 from 120 rubles.

FEXOPHENADINE (120 mg)

It is taken to eliminate the symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis, various allergic rashes and relieve angioedema. Contraindications - age up to 6 years.

• ALLEGRA №10 from 697 rubles
• FEKSADIN №10 from 247 rubles.
• FEXOFAST №10 from 215 rubles.

MEBHYDROLINE (50 mg)

Indications: hay fever, skin rashes accompanied by itching, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic reactions to insect venom. Contraindicated in children under 2 years of age.

• DIAZOLIN №10 from 58 rubles.

DIPHENGYDRAMINE (50 mg)

Application: allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, angioedema, allergic reactions to drugs, complex therapy anaphylactic shock. Contraindicated in newborns.

• DIMEDROL №20 from 10 rubles.

EBASTINE (10 mg)

Allergic rhinitis and urticaria various etiologies. Children under 6 years of age are contraindicated.

• KESTIN №5 from 216 rubles.

KETOTIFEN (1 mg)

Relieves and prevents the symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis associated with seasonal allergies, is effective in atopic dermatitis and urticaria. Contraindications - age up to 3 years.

• KETOTIFEN №30 from 57 rubles.

RUPATADINE FUMARATE (10 mg)

Symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Age under 12 years is a contraindication.

• RUPAFIN No. 7 from 362 rubles.

CHLOROPYRAMINE (25 mg)

Indications: allergic rashes, rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever symptoms, angioedema. Contraindications - early infancy up to 1 month

• SUPRASTIN №20 from 123 rubles.

CLEMASTINE (1 mg)

Indications: skin rashes, rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever, itchy dermatoses, contact dermatitis, eczema, insect allergy (to insect venom). Contraindicated in children under 6 years of age.

• TAVEGIL №10 from 158 rubles.

Corticosteroid drugs

corticosteroid drugs ( hormonal pills from allergies), produced on the basis of synthetic hormones, are effective against serious allergic reactions. Allow to achieve effective removal inflammatory processes and elimination of puffiness.

Corticosteroid tablets prevent and treat nasal congestion, seasonal and year-round runny nose (rhinitis), sneezing, and itching. Also, they help reduce inflammation and swelling in other types of allergies: drug, food, cats, etc.

Because of their strong action, oral corticosteroids are usually used for a short time. Long-term use of these drugs can increase the risk of side effects, such as high blood pressure, joint pain, etc. Therefore, you should not prescribe and drink these drugs on your own, you need to seek the advice of a specialist.

• DEXAMETHASONE (Dexamethasone) 0.5 mg № 10 from 37 rubles.

Indications: angioedema, contact and atopic dermatitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchial asthma.

• KENALOG (Triamcinolone) 4 mg №50 from 380 rubles.

Indications: allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, dermatitis of various origins, angioedema.

• CORTEF (Hydrocortisone) 10 mg № 100 from 359 rubles.

Indications: severe allergic conditions, seasonal or year-round rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, contact and atopic dermatitis.

• MEDROL (Methylprednisolone) 4 mg №30 from 166 rubles
• METIPRED (Methylprednisolone) 4 mg №30 from 199 rubles.

Application: seasonal or year-round rhinoconjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, contact and atopic dermatitis, angioedema.

• POLCORTOLONE (Triamcinolone) 4 mg №50 from 400 rubles.

It is used for severe allergic diseases, various dermatitis, year-round or seasonal rhinuconjunctivitis.

• PREDNISOLONE (Prednisolone) 5 mg № 100 from 98 rubles.

With food and drug allergy you can take Prednisolone, as it relieves the symptoms of skin manifestations, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, angioedema, and is also effective in hay fever.

Allergy decongestant pills

Decongestants are used to constrict blood vessels and relieve nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis, as well as other swelling caused by allergic reactions. Some allergy medications include both an antihistamine and a decongestant.

How do analogues differ from patented drugs?

Cheap allergy pills are called generics (cheap analogues) in a different way. Low price The drug is due to the fact that no studies have been conducted proving their effectiveness, unlike patented products. Therefore, in this case it is difficult to say whether cheap drugs will have the desired effect in the treatment of allergies.

It is unlikely that you will be able to take a pill and forget about allergies, since long-term suppression of symptoms without rational treatment may lead to unpredictable consequences immune system. Therefore, you should definitely visit an allergist and identify the culprits of allergic reactions.

Allergic reactions are divided into immediate, developing immediately after exposure to the antigen, and delayed, manifesting itself after several days or even weeks. For the immediate type of allergy, antihistamines are most effective. The principle of their action is based on blocking free histamine, which is released in the body in response to physical or chemical irritant. Possessing a structure similar to that of a biogenic amine, the active substance blocks histamine receptors, preventing the amine itself from acting as a mediator of allergic reactions.

There are three generations of antihistamines. Designed in different time, they differ in the selectivity of action. Each of the subsequent pharmaceutical lines is more selective, that is, the active substance of the drug binds mainly to one type of receptor. This increases the safety of drugs and reduces the risk of side effects.

The first generation was created in 1936, its representatives are Dimedrol, Diazolin, Tavegil, Suprastin, Fenkarol. They demonstrate nice results as histamine blockers: eliminate allergic manifestations in the form of a rash, swelling, itching. However, all these drugs have a short-term effect (3-4 hours), and with prolonged use they reduce their activity, and also give quite a lot of side effects:

• due to low selectivity, they have an undesirable effect on cell structures many organs, and therefore contraindicated in peptic ulcer, renal, hepatic and cardiovascular pathologies, glaucoma, epilepsy;
• being anticholinergics, they can cause dysfunctions of the central nervous system, headache, dizziness, drop in blood pressure;
• reduce muscle tone;
• have a hypnotic effect;
• cause an increase in body weight.

Important information!

Due to the pronounced sedative effect of first-generation antihistamines, if used, drive and perform other work that requires heightened attention or a quick reaction, you can only 12 hours after taking the medicine.

Second-generation drugs - Hexal, Clarisens, Kestin, Claritin, Clarotadin, Lomilan, Zirtek, Rupafin and others - appeared in the 80s of the last century. They act more selectively, affecting mainly histamine receptors, and therefore have fewer side effects.

The advantage is also the lack of addiction and the duration of action up to 24 hours. This allows you to take the medicine once a day and not increase the dose with prolonged use. However, due to the cardiotoxic effect, when taking most of these drugs, constant monitoring of cardiac activity is required, and 2nd generation antihistamines are contraindicated in patients with serious cardiovascular pathologies.

AT last years for the treatment of all types of allergies, drugs are successfully used, the active substances of which belong to the category of prodrugs, that is, they turn into pharmacologically active compounds already in the body, as a result of metabolic processes. The effectiveness of these funds is several times higher than that of their predecessors. They are also highly selective, and therefore do not produce any sedative or cardiotoxic effect, and therefore are the safest.

The list of new generation antihistamines is still relatively small, but they all have common dignity: they are allowed to be taken for diseases of the heart, gastrointestinal tract, renal and hepatic pathologies, as well as for persons whose work requires high concentration attention. Some of the drugs in this group are not contraindicated during pregnancy and childhood.

Comparative characteristics of 3rd generation drugs

Indications for the use of this category of drugs are:

• food allergy;
• seasonal and chronic allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis;
• hives;
• exudative diathesis;
• contact and atopic dermatitis.

Drugs with the same active ingredient can be produced under different brand names (these are the so-called synonymous drugs).

Allegra

It is also produced under the names Feksadin, Fexofenadine, Telfast, Fexofast, Tigofast. The active substance is fexofenadine hydrochloride. Release form - tablets of 120 and 180 mg film coated.

The initial effect gives an hour after administration, the maximum concentration in the blood reaches after 3 hours, the half-life is about 12 hours, the duration of action is a day. A single dose is 180 mg, the course of treatment is determined individually. Because the clinical researches effect of fexofenadine on the fetus and children's body were not carried out, during pregnancy, children under 12 years of age and lactating women are prescribed it only in case of special need.

The cost of drugs depends on the content of the main substance and the manufacturer. For example, 10 tablets of 120 mg of Feksadin Ranbaxy (India) cost 220 rubles, the same package of Allegra from Sanofi-Aventis (France) costs 550 rubles, and 10 tablets of 180 mg of Telfast Sanofi-Aventis cost 530 rubles.

cetirizine

Other trade names: Tsetrin, Tsetrinal, Parlazin, Zodak, Amertil, Allertek, Zirtek. Cetirizine dihydrochloride serves as a substance showing activity in relation to histamine. Available in tablets with an active substance content of 10 mg, as well as in the form of drops, solutions and syrup.

The initial effect is observed after 1 - 1.5 hours after administration, total duration actions - up to a day, metabolites are excreted within 10-15 hours with urine. Single (and daily) dose of 10 mg. The drug is not addictive and can be used for long-term therapy. Children under 1 year of age and pregnant women are not recommended to take it.

The approximate cost of cetirizine and its analogues:

• Cetirizine, manufacturer Vertex, Russia (10 tab.) - 66 rubles;
• Tsetrin, manufacturer Dr. Reddy, India (20 tablets) - 160 rubles;
• Zodak, manufacturer Zentiva, Czech Republic (10 tab.) - 140 rubles;
• Zirtek, manufacturer YUSB Farshim, Belgium (drops in bottles of 10 ml) - 320 rubles.

Xizal

Synonyms: Suprastinex, Levocetirizine, Glentset, Zilola, Alerzin. The active substance is Levocetirizine dihydrochloride. The drug is available in tablets of 5 mg and drops, dosage form for children - syrup.

Affinity for histamine receptors this drug is several times higher than the rest of the representatives of this series, so its effect lasts for 2 days. Metabolic products are excreted by the kidneys, the half-life is 8-10 hours. The daily dose for adults and children over 6 years old is 5 mg. Contraindications to the use of levocetirizine are congenital disorders carbohydrate metabolism.

Estimated cost of drugs:

• Ksizal, manufacturer YUSB Farshim, Belgium (drops in bottles of 10 ml) - 440 rubles;
• Levocetirizine, manufacturer Teva, France (10 tab.) - 270 rubles;
• Alerzin, manufacturer Eric, Hungary (table 14) -300 rubles;
• Suprastinex, manufacturer Eric, Hungary (table 7) - 150 rubles.

Desloratadine

Other trade names: Erius, Desal, Allergostop, Fribris, Alersis, Lordestin. The bioactive substance is desloratadine. Release form: 5 mg film-coated tablets, solution containing active ingredient 5 mg/ml and syrup.

The maximum concentration in the blood is observed after 3-4 hours, the half-life is 20-30 hours, the total duration of action is 24 hours. A single dose for adults and children over 12 years old is 5 mg, the dosage for children from 2 to 12 years old is determined individually. For pregnant and lactating women, the drug is prescribed for conditions that pose a threat to life.

The cost of desloratadine and its synonyms:

• Desloratadine, manufacturer Vertex, Russia (10 tablets) - 145 rubles;
• Lordestin, Bayer, USA manufacturer Gedeon Richter, Hungary (10 tab.) - 340 rubles;
• Erius, manufacturer Bayer, USA (7 tablets) - 90 rubles.

All antiallergic drugs are prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the specifics of their action, the causes of allergies, the age and characteristics of the patient's body. When taking antihistamines, you should strictly adhere to the rules specified in the instructions.

Currently allergic diseases are the scourge of the 21st century. The number of people suffering from this disease is growing every year. The most unpleasant thing in this situation is that the most susceptible negative reactions certain substances to young children. Based on this, nursing mothers should not eat many foods until the child's body reaches a certain degree of maturity.

Among the adult population, there are also enough people suffering from allergies.

How to deal with intolerance to pollen, cat hair or citrus fruits? Perfect option- eliminate the allergen. That is, avoid contact with what causes an allergic reaction.

What if it's not possible?

It was this question that served as a prerequisite for active research and the creation of the most effective and safe antiallergic drugs. What drugs are the most effective in the difficult task of combating an allergic reaction?

To choose the right medicine, you should know the nature of the development of an allergic reaction. Itching, sneezing, reddening of the skin, choking are all symptoms caused by the substance histamine. To eliminate an allergic reaction, it is necessary to deprive it of the ability to act in the body, in other words, block it.

Antihistamines are capable of this.

We present to your attention a list of the most effective and popular medicines, from which you can choose what is best for you.

Attention! Our rating is for you if you were bitten by a harmful insect, or you ate an exotic fruit for breakfast, or you sneeze from poplar fluff ... That is, if your allergy is an unpleasant episode, and not chronic illness. Otherwise, only a doctor should prescribe treatment. And further. All the drugs listed here have contraindications, before buying, be sure to read the instructions and contraindications for use in detail - what if the chosen remedy is absolutely not suitable for you?

Rating of the best allergy remedies

Exclusive of its kind - Cetrin
best allergy medication

Photo: www.utkonos.ru

In the first place in terms of effectiveness is the third-generation antihistamine drug - Cetrin.

The average estimated cost of the drug is from 160 to 200 rubles.

The main advantages of Cetrin are a high degree of its effectiveness, as well as fast action after taking the drug. It is also preferable because it does not cause drowsiness and "refrains" from negative impact on the liver.

Cetrin should be taken to eliminate the symptoms of seasonal allergies, hay fever or atopic dermatitis.

This drug is the best choice for both adults and children. It has a pleasant taste, has practically no contraindications and restrictions on use. Unlike other drugs, it is enough to use it once a day, which greatly facilitates the process of application.

In the ranking of the most effective antiallergic drugs, Cetrin takes first place. On a ten-point scale, he can safely give 9.5 points. 0.5 points is removed for the only drawback - the price. Allergy medicines can be purchased for a more reasonable price, but this is exactly the case when it is appropriate to recall the words of a wise Jew: "I am not rich enough to buy cheap things."

Claritin is a true, reliable, safe allergy medicine

Photo: lechimsya.org

Claritin (Loratadine) is next on the list of the most effective allergy medications.

average cost this drug- from 160 to 220 rubles.

Prior to the advent of third-generation antihistamines, Claritin was the most common. He is one of the first antiallergic drugs that did not affect the state of the patient's attention, which made it possible for use by doctors and drivers.

It is used for various manifestations of the allergic process, ranging from skin forms(itching and redness) and ending with laryngospasm (suffocation).

Claritin is good for its speed of action, the possibility of using it in children after a year, as well as in people who need focused attention during work.

The rating of this drug is 9.2 out of 10, since the drug has some drawbacks, such as restriction of intake in people with impaired renal function, in women while breastfeeding, and in children under one year old. Stops, to some extent, and the price - for the same money you can buy the safest and most effective Tsetrin.

Fenistil - old, but still effective ...

Photo: apkiwi.ru

The average price for it currently ranges from 220 to 280 rubles.

Fenistil is a drug of the second generation of antiallergic drugs. It has a lesser effect compared to Claritin, however, it acts much more more effective than drugs first generation.

The drug is used in the development of an allergic reaction from food, drugs, skin rashes and flow from the nose during the flowering period.

Fenistil has a good, pronounced anti-allergic effect, does not allow an allergic reaction to develop even with a high concentration of allergen and histamine.

In terms of frequency of use, it is in third place among all drugs in the rating. His score is 8.2 out of 10. The drug has such disadvantages as a sedative, sedative effect, increased effect of alcohol when joint application, distortion of the action of some other drugs. Contraindicated in breastfeeding, pregnancy, and in children under 2 years of age.

Dangerous, but extremely effective - Histalong

Photo: www.gippokrat.kz

Gistalong (Astemizol) is an antihistamine drug with the longest clinical action.

The price of this drug is from 300 to 460 rubles, which makes it one of the most expensive drugs.

Gistalong belongs to the drugs of the second generation. Has the longest healing effect(some people can reach up to 20 days)

This drug is used in the treatment of chronic allergic processes.

The duration of Histalong action allows you to use it with a frequency of about once a month. Its use allows you to exclude the use of other antiallergic drugs.

Despite its duration of action and anti-allergic activity, the drug takes only fourth place in the ranking. Its score on a ten-point scale is 8 out of 10. This result is due to the side effects of this drug - when it is taken, a violation of the normal heart rhythm is possible, which can lead to lethal outcome in people with heart disease. Contraindicated for use in the acute phase of allergy development, as well as in pregnant women and children.

Time-tested drug - Tavegil
good reliable first generation allergy remedy

Photo: sanatate.md

Tavegil (Clemastin) is one of the most common and used first generation drugs.

You can buy tavegil, on average, for 100 rubles.

The drug is used both in tablets and in injection forms. It has a fairly strong anti-allergic effect. Often used as additional drug at anaphylactic shock and pseudo-allergic reactions.

Low incidence of side effects and high efficiency allowed to add Tavegil to the rating of the most used means. In addition, the drug begins to act rather quickly, and the effect of its use persists for a long time, which makes it the drug of choice in the treatment of allergic processes.

The average rating of this drug on a ten-point scale is 8, 3 out of 10. Tavegil receives a similar rating for such shortcomings as possible development an allergic reaction to tavegil itself, a slight sedative effect, which makes it impossible for drivers and doctors to use it. Also, the drug is contraindicated for use in pregnant women, nursing mothers and in children under 1 year of age.

Will help quickly and in any situation - Suprastin

Photo: alfavitnik.ru

Suprastin (Chloropyramine) is a drug often used in most branches of medicine. You can buy it for 120-140 rubles.

One of the most effective first-generation histamine blockers

It is used for almost all types and manifestations of an allergic reaction; used in providing emergency care with allergies (included in the number of mandatory drugs).

Suprastin does not accumulate in the blood serum, which prevents the possibility of an overdose of the drug. The effect develops rather quickly, but in order to prolong it, it is necessary to combine Suprastin with other drugs. The low cost of the drug is also its undoubted advantage, since choosing a high-quality and inexpensive remedy in today's drug market is extremely difficult.

In the ranking of the best antiallergic drugs, Suprastin receives 9 points out of 10. It is forbidden to use it during pregnancy, lactation, in children under 1 month old, in people with individual intolerance to chloropyramine, and also when acute attack bronchial asthma.

Standing on guard from time immemorial ... - Diphenhydramine

Photo: www.syl.ru

Diphenhydramine (Diphenhydramine) is a first-generation antihistamine drug, the founder of this group of drugs.

Prescription drug.

It is one of the cheapest antiallergic drugs. Its cost ranges from 15 to 70 rubles.

One of the anti-allergic drugs that were invented first. It has a fairly strong antihistamine effect.

Diphenhydramine is used to eliminate the manifestations of most allergic processes. It is produced mainly in the form of topical agents (as an ointment), but can also be used for systemic treatment. It is part of the so-called triad due to its anti-inflammatory action.

Diphenhydramine has a pronounced anti-allergic effect: the effect develops quickly, but ends just as soon. Due to the low cost, everyone can buy it.

In the rating of drugs, diphenhydramine gets a score of 8 out of 10. Despite its effectiveness in treating allergies, diphenhydramine has a number of side effects, among which the most pronounced drowsiness after using the drug, slight clouding of consciousness with a sedative effect, anemia, heart rhythm disturbance.

Results ... What is the best allergy medicine?

Having understood in detail the principles of action, effectiveness and degree of safety of each of the above drugs, we should once again mention the crowned Cetrin. Due to its safety and effectiveness, it ranks first in our rating, and it can be recommended for a home first aid kit.

This drug deserves a huge plus for the lack of action on the attention and concentration of a person. It can be taken without worrying about side effects and your psycho-emotional state.

Of course, before taking it is best to consult an allergist and study the instructions.

Be healthy and don't sneeze...

Attention! There are contraindications, you need to consult a specialist

Medicines combined by the phrase " antihistamines”, are surprisingly common in home medicine cabinets. At the same time, the vast majority of people who use these drugs have no idea either about how they work, or about what the word “antihistamines” means in general, or about what all this can lead to.

The author with great pleasure would write in capital letters the slogan: “antihistamines should be prescribed only by a doctor and used in strict accordance with the doctor’s prescription,” after which he would put a bullet and close the topic of this article. But similar situation will be very similar to the numerous warnings of the Ministry of Health regarding smoking, so we will refrain from slogans and move on to filling in the gaps in medical knowledge.

So the occurrence

allergic reactions largely due to the fact that under the influence of certain substances ( allergens) in human body developed biologically well-defined active substances which, in turn, lead to the development allergic inflammation. There are dozens of these substances, but the most active of them is histamine. At healthy person histamine is in an inactive state inside very specific cells (the so-called mast cells). Upon contact with an allergen, mast cells release histamine, which leads to allergy symptoms. These symptoms are very diverse: swelling, redness, rash, cough, runny nose, bronchospasm, lowering blood pressure, etc.

For quite a long time, doctors have been using drugs that can affect the metabolism of histamine. How to influence? Firstly, to reduce the amount of histamine released by mast cells and, secondly, to bind (neutralize) the histamine that has already begun to act actively. It is these drugs that are united in the group of antihistamines.

In this way, main point use of antihistamines

Prevention and/or elimination of allergy symptoms. Allergies to anyone and anything: respiratory allergies (they inhaled something wrong), food allergies (they ate something wrong), contact allergies (they were smeared with something wrong), pharmacological allergies (they were treated with what didn’t fit) .

Should be replaced immediately, that the preventive effect of any

a antihistamines is not always so pronounced that there is no allergy at all. Hence the quite logical conclusion that if you know a specific substance that causes an allergy in you or your child, then the logic is not to eat an orange bite with suprastin, but to avoid contact with the allergen, i.e. Do not eat orange. Well, if it is impossible to avoid contact, for example, an allergy to Poplar fluff, there are a lot of poplars, but they don’t give vacation, then it’s time to be treated.

The "classic" antihistamines include diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin, tavegil, diazolin, fenkarol. All these drugs have been used for many years.

The experience (both positive and negative) is quite large.

Each of the above drugs has many synonyms, and there is not a single well-known pharmacological company that would not produce at least something antihistamine, under its proprietary name, of course. The most relevant knowledge at least, two synonyms, in relation to drugs often sold in our pharmacies. It's about about pipolfen, which is the twin brother of diprazine and clemastine, which is the same as tavegil.

All of the above drugs can be consumed by swallowing (tablets, capsules, syrups), diphenhydramine is also available in the form of suppositories. In severe allergic reactions, when a quick effect is needed, intramuscular and intravenous injections are used (diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin, tavegil).

We emphasize once again: the purpose of using all of the above drugs is one

Prevention and elimination of allergy symptoms. But pharmacological properties antihistamines are not limited to antiallergic action. A number of drugs, especially diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin and tavegil, have more or less pronounced sedative (hypnotic, sedative, inhibitory) effects. And the broad masses of people actively use this fact, considering, for example, diphenhydramine as a wonderful sleeping pill. From suprastin with tavegil, you also sleep well, but they are more expensive, so they are used less often.

The presence of antihistamines in a sedative effect requires special care, especially in cases where the person using them is engaged in work that requires a quick reaction, such as driving a car. Nevertheless, there is a way out of this situation, since diazolin and phencarol have very little sedative effects. It follows that for a taxi driver with allergic rhinitis suprastin is contraindicated, and fenkarol will be just right.

Another effect of antihistamines

The ability to enhance (potentiate) the action of other substances. General doctors use the potentiating action of antihistamines to enhance the effect of antipyretic and analgesic drugs: everyone knows the favorite mixture of emergency doctors - analgin + diphenhydramine. Any drugs that act on the central nervous system, in combination with antihistamines, become noticeably more active, an overdose can easily occur up to loss of consciousness, coordination disorders are possible (hence the risk of injury). As for the combination with alcohol, no one will undertake to predict the possible consequences, but it can be anything - from deep deep sleep to a very white fever.

Diphenhydramine, diprazine, suprastin and tavegil have a very undesirable side effect

- "drying" effect on the mucous membranes. Hence the often occurring dry mouth, which is generally tolerable. But the ability to make sputum in the lungs more viscous is already more relevant and very risky. At least the thoughtless use of the four antihistamines listed above in acute respiratory infections(bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis) significantly increases the risk of pneumonia (thick mucus loses its protective properties, blocks the bronchi, disrupts their ventilation - excellent conditions for the reproduction of bacteria, pathogens of pneumonia).

Effects that are not directly related to the antiallergic action are very numerous and are expressed differently for each drug. The frequency of administration and doses are varied. Some drugs are safe during pregnancy, others are not. The doctor is supposed to know all this, and the potential patient is supposed to be careful. Dimedrol has an antiemetic effect, diprazine is used to prevent motion sickness, tavegil causes constipation, suprastin is dangerous for glaucoma, stomach ulcers and prostate adenoma, fencarol is not desirable for liver diseases. Suprastin can be used by pregnant women, fencarol is not allowed in the first three months, tavegil is not allowed at all ...

With all the pros and cons

antihistamines all of the above drugs have two advantages that contribute to their (drugs) widespread. Firstly, they really help with allergies and, secondly, their price is quite affordable.

The latter fact is especially important, since pharmacological thought does not stand still, but it is also expensive. New modern antihistamines largely devoid of the side effects of classical drugs. They do not cause drowsiness, they are used once a day, they do not dry out the mucous membranes, and the anti-allergic effect is very active. Typical representatives

Astemizole (gismanal) and claritin (loratadine). This is where knowledge of synonyms can play a very significant role - at least the difference in price between Nashensky (Kyiv) loratadine and non-Nashensky Claritin will completely allow you to subscribe to the magazine "My Health" for six months.

In some antihistamines, the prophylactic effect significantly exceeds the therapeutic one, that is, they are used mainly for the prevention of allergies. Such agents include, for example, cromoglycate sodium (intal)

The most important drug for the prevention of asthma attacks. For the prevention of asthma and seasonal allergies, for example, to the flowering of certain plants, ketotifen (zaditen, astafen, bronitene) is often used.

Histamine, in addition to allergic manifestations, also enhances the secretion gastric juice. There are antihistamines that selectively act in this direction and are actively used to treat gastritis with hyperacidity, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum

Cimetidine (Gistak), ranitidine, famotidine. I report this for completeness, since antihistamines are considered only as a means to treat allergies, and the fact that they can also successfully treat stomach ulcers will certainly be a discovery for many of our readers.

However, antiulcer antihistamines are almost never used by patients on their own, without a doctor's recommendation. But in the fight against allergies, mass experiments of the population on their bodies

Rather the rule than the exception.

Given this sad fact, I will allow myself some advice and valuable guidance for lovers of self-treatment.

1. Mechanism of action

antihistamines similar, but there are still differences. It often happens that one medicine does not help at all, and the use of another quickly gives positive effect. In short, a very specific drug is often suitable for a particular individual, and why this happens is not always clear. At least, if there is no effect after 1-2 days of taking the drug, the drug should be changed, or (on the advice of a doctor) treated with other methods or drugs of other pharmacological groups.

2. Multiplicity of ingestion:

Fenkarol

3-4 times a day;

Diphenhydramine, diprazine, diazolin, suprastin

2-3 times a day;

2 times a day;

Astemizole, claritin

1 per day.

3. Average single dose for adults

1 tablet. I do not give children's doses. Adults can experiment on themselves as much as they like, but I will not contribute to experiments on children. Only a doctor should prescribe antihistamines for children. He will give you a dose.

4. Reception and food.

Phencarol, diazolin, diprazine

After meal.

Suprastin

While eating.

Astemizol

On an empty stomach in the morning.

Dimedrol, Claritin and Tavegil intake is fundamentally not connected with food.

5. Terms of admission. Basically, any

an antihistamine (of course, except for those used prophylactically) does not make sense to take more than 7 days. Some pharmacological sources indicate that you can swallow for 20 days in a row, others report that, starting from the 7th day of taking antihistamines, they themselves can become a source of allergies. Apparently, the following is optimal: if after 5-6 days of taking the need for anti-allergic drugs has not disappeared, the medicine should be changed,

We drank diphenhydramine for 5 days, switched to suprastin, etc. - fortunately, there are plenty to choose from.

6. It makes no sense to use

antihistamines "just in case" along with antibiotics. If your doctor prescribes an antibiotic and you are allergic to it, stop taking it immediately. Antihistamine medicine slow down or weaken the manifestations of allergies: we will notice later, we will have time to get more antibiotics, then we will be treated longer.

7. Reactions to vaccinations, as a rule, have nothing to do with allergies. So there is no need to prophylactically put tavegils-suprastins into children.

8. And the last. Please keep antihistamines away from children.