Bubble disease in a child. Main symptomatic manifestations. Viral or enterovirus

Children are often exposed to many diseases, as the immune strength of their body is not enough to resist various infections. Sometimes on the skin or mucous membranes of the child, you can notice the presence of bubbles. It is this main symptomatic manifestation called pemphigus.

This disease belongs to childhood pathologies that are localized on the skin epithelium and mucous membranes of the body. The formation of such bubbles is based on the exfoliation of the epithelium. Pemphigus can spread very quickly throughout the child's body. Therefore, it requires special attention and immediate treatment to a specialist dermatologist.

What is a blister?

A chronic disease of an autoimmune nature, which manifests itself through the formation of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, is called pemphigus. This pathology has several stages of flow.

Symptomatic manifestations of the disease:

blisters in the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth or genitals;
appearance bad smell in places of the affected skin;
the formation of colorless content inside the bubbles;
after the rupture of the bubbles, ulcers appear.

Most often, the signs of the disease are localized on the mucous membranes in the area:

inguinal zones;
nasal cavity;

Causes of the development of pemphigus

Possible root causes of the formation of pemphigus are disorders in the immune system of the child's body. As a result, the immune response to its own cell structures. But the violation of the integrity of the skin occurs under the influence of retroviruses or aggressive environmental conditions. Bubbles are formed due to disturbances in the metabolic processes between cells.

The main factors provoking the disease are:

diseases of the nervous system;
violation metabolic processes organism;
diseases of the endocrine organs;
change in the structure of enzymes;
the impact of harmful factors.

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Viral pemphigus in children

Viral pemphigus rather quickly spreads, grows and merges. Very often, with a disease, one can observe a change in the acute phase to remission and vice versa.

This pathology is especially dangerous for newborns. Since a lethal outcome is possible, therefore, help qualified specialist necessary at the first symptomatic manifestations of the disease.

Other viral disease which is more common in children molluscum contagiosum. you can see here.

The most common symptoms of the viral form of pemphigus:

the appearance of watery blisters that increase in size;
rash on mucous membranes;
malaise;
feeling of weakness;
increase in body temperature;
soreness when eating.

Over time, complications are possible.

In the acute form of the course, the disease can affect:

kidneys;
liver;
heart muscle.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

Depending on the clinical manifestations, the following possible forms of the disease are distinguished:

Vulgar.
Foliate.
Vegetative.
Brazilian.
Erythematous.
Paraneoplastic.

The first signs of pemphigus appear after about a week.

At initial stage possible symptoms of the disease:

loss of appetite;
broken state;
apathy;
inflammatory processes in the throat;
temperature increase.

Sometimes there may be a rash on the body before the blisters appear.

Pemphigus vulgaris

This is the most common form of the disease. Refers to bullous dermatoses, the main element is a bladder.

Typical symptoms for this form of pemphigus are:

The presence of flabby bubbles, inside which are transparent contents.
Bubbles very often lose their integrity and turn into erosion.
Erosion heals for a long time, may crack or bleed.
The most commonly affected areas are the skin and mucous membranes.
With a strong lesion, palpation of the blisters can cause pain and bleed heavily.
If the formation of blisters takes place in the mouth, then the child has difficult digestion.
A crust may form in the middle of the bladder.
Not certain places localization.

Pemphigus foliaceus

The main symptomatic manifestations of this form:

the formation of flat bubbles, they have a thin surface;
the rash can occur in a variety of areas;
after the rupture of the formations, erosion occurs, they do not heal for a long time;
violations of water-salt metabolism;
increase in body temperature;
skin defects are not deep;
the bubbles are flaky and have an unpleasant odor;
possible development of conjunctivitis.

This form of pemphigus is dangerous because of the possibility of bubbles to merge with each other. In this case, one large wound may form.

Vegetative pemphigus

This form of the disease is characterized by:

benign course;
the formation of limited foci;
bubbles are located in skin folds and on mucous membranes;
erosion with this form of pemphigus have an unpleasant odor and are covered with a purulent coating.

Very often, this form of the disease can turn into pemphigus vulgaris.

Brazilian form of pemphigus

On the territory of the European continent, this form of the disease is not common.

The main symptomatic manifestations:

Mainly female children are affected, the pathogen can be transferred within the family.
The back, chest, or head is often affected.
Flat blisters form on the skin.

This form of pemphigus responds well to treatment and has a favorable prognosis if diagnosed early.

The main symptomatic manifestations of this form of the disease:

bubbles have yellow or brown crusts, the effect of scales is visually created;
formations without treatment can dry out;
mucous membranes are rarely affected;
after the elimination of bubbles, the formation of erosive wounds rarely occurs.

Paraneoplastic form

It is characterized by manifestations:

formation of dense erosions;
palms and feet are affected;
the formation of pigmentation;
thymomas and lymphomas can form.

This form of pemphigus quite difficult to treat. However, timely diagnosis of pemphigus can significantly increase the chances of a favorable outcome of therapy.

Diagnosis of pemphigus in children

A doctor can cure pemphigus dermatologist. However, depending on the course of the disease, consultation may be necessary. additional specialists. Often this is a surgeon or an infectious disease specialist. For a complete diagnosis, only an examination by a dermatologist is enough. But at the same time, the specialist excludes all possible diseases, according to clinical manifestation illness.

For a detailed diagnosis of the disease in a child, you may need:

General blood analysis.
Histological analysis of the contents of the vesicles.
Immunological study.
Carrying out an antibiogram.

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Treatment of severe forms of pemphigus

Often, acute forms of pemphigus cortico leak are treated. steroid hormones.

Very often, doctors prescribe drugs:

prednisolone;
polcortolone;
metipred;
dexamethasone.

Contraindications to the use of hormones are gastric ulcers or duodenum. In cases of the presence of such indications, the introduction is used hormonal drugs intramuscularly.

Long-term hormone therapy can lead to various side effects:

Symptomatic complex Itsenko-Cushing.
Obesity.
Diabetes.
Erosive and ulcerative formations in the digestive tract.
Hypertension.
Thrombosis.
Osteoporosis.
Psychological influence: insomnia, psychosis, depression, euphoria.
Accession of various infections.
Failures in the work of the cardiovascular system.

There are many disadvantages of corticosteroid therapy:

The presence of side effects is not a reason to stop therapy.
Correction of treatment with the help of therapeutic measures is necessary.
Discontinuation of corticosteroid treatment leads to relapse of the disease.
Together with hormonal medications you need to take antibiotics and antifungal medicines.

During therapy, you must adhere to a dietary diet:

To increase the effect of cortecosteroid drugs on the body, extracorporeal techniques can be used:

Plasmaphoresis;
hemosorption;
Hemodialysis.

Treatment at home

Hospitalization in the diagnosis of pemphigus is rare, only in critical situations. Often, patients are treated at home. In this case, it is especially important to follow the prescriptions of the attending physician.

However, when treating at home, parents should follow certain recommendations:

give increased attention hygiene procedures child;
change bedding more often;
do not allow the child to comb the blisters to avoid additional infection.

To relieve itching and irritation, follow a few rules:

Anti-inflammatory creams or lotions can be applied to the affected areas.
After the wounds have dried, the use of an emollient cream is recommended.
Cool water reduces soreness in the mouth.
Periodically it is necessary to ventilate the room.
Wet cleaning should be present daily.

Forecast

Pemphigus begins to pass, after a week. Often the bubbles in children begin to dry out after 3 days. The temperature can be observed only in the first days. If it does not decrease, then it would be better to visit a specialist. There is no single forecast for all children, since the body of each child is individual.

Complications may occur:

sepsis;
meningitis;
encephalitis.

With the development of complications and the absence correct therapy cannot be ruled out and lethal outcome. Especially if the disease has undergone a newborn child. He is not able to fight such an infection with his own antibodies.

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Prevention

The best way to avoid pemphigus in a child is to follow preventive recommendations.

Main preventive measures with pemphigus are:

Follow the doctor's instructions.
Do not interrupt treatment with hormonal drugs.
Eliminate the influence of provoking factors.

Pemphigus in children of any age requires the mandatory and precise implementation of drug therapy. As well as correction of nutrition and lifestyle of the child.

Dr. Komarovsky about pemphigus in children

Pemphigus can also occur on the mucous membranes of the eyes of a baby. When the disease occurs, the destruction of the membranes between skin cells. In this case, pemphigus in the eye area can lead to further blindness of the child.

The causative agent of the disease is the Coxsackie virus. Viral infection in most cases develops in young children under 10 years of age.

The disease is very common and affects most of the Salysh. The virus is easily transmitted from one child to another by airborne droplets and contact, a child can become infected through toys and household items.

Cases of the disease are more often recorded in summer and autumn.

You can get infected in any crowded places. Most often, children catch the infection in kindergartens, less often at school.

There is no need to even contact with a sick child, the disease can be transmitted through toys, surrounding objects, unwashed hands. Babies with reduced immunity are more likely to get sick.

Unlike other childhood infectious diseases, viral pemphigus does not provide strong immunity, and the baby can be re-infected with another strain of the Coxsackie virus.

Viral pemphigus is caused by Kosaki ecterovirus. You can get sick with it in the following cases:

with a weakened immune system after an illness;
if personal hygiene is not observed;
when eating from common dishes;
during exacerbation chronic disease;
when communicating with a carrier of this infection;
with poor heredity.

Being in the same conditions children's body react differently to viral pemphigus. Doctors explain that the reason for this is the formation of autoaggressive bodies, which, at the slightest disruption in the body, appear as watery blisters on the skin or mucous membranes (as in enteroviral vesicular stomatitis).

Clinicians cannot name the exact etiology of viral pemphigus. But now there is an assumption about the autoimmune origin of the disease.

Types of pemphigus that occur in children

Dermatologists distinguish several types of childhood viral disease:

vulgar,
foliate,
vegetative,
erythematous.

Pemphigus, like most dermatoses, has many various forms and species that distinguish symptoms, external signs of the rash, severity of the course and outcome of the disease. Viral pemphigus in children can develop in such forms as:

Vulgar (common)

Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common type of the disease. Diagnosed regardless of the age of the child, it occurs even in children of the first month of life. Provoking factors, after which pemphigus develops in children, are:

Thermal and chemical burns;
Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight;
Treatment uncontrolled by a doctor with antibiotics, hormonal and antihistamines.

Signs of this type are indicators such as:

Primary formation of blisters filled with a transparent substrate and having an easily damaged coating;
When the shell is ruptured, erosion is formed, causing severe pain;
The erosion surface does not heal, long time cracks and bleeds from the slightest movement;
While maintaining the integrity of the bubble, the central part through certain time covered with a crust, and growth and distribution continues around the perimeter.
The form has no priority in localization, they are affected and skin tissues, and mucous membranes.

Pemphigus vulgaris in children with the spread of affected areas causes symptoms such as:

Severe pain with every movement, swallowing and talking, if the localization is in oral cavity;
Damage skin disrupts sleep and negatively affects the nervous system.
The child becomes moody, irritable and quickly loses weight.

Viral pemphigus in children of the vulgar type is a severe and dangerous form of the disease. In most cases, its course acquires a malignant, progressive character.

If an adequate competent treatment, then develop dangerous complications in the endocrine and nervous systems. And a child can die from serious injuries metabolic and extensive purulent processes.

vegetative

Vegetative form A characteristic distinguishing feature of this species is the development of vegetations on the skin with a benign course. Skin symptoms form limited foci, not prone to growth.

If vegetative pemphigus in children is left without qualified treatment, then it will gradually develop into a vulgar form.

Two types of the vegetative form of the disease are known, these are:

Pemphigus Apollo, which is distinguished by such features as:
- The formation of pustules (blisters with purulent filling), and the formation of vegetation from them;
- The opened pustule leaves a wound weeping surface with an unpleasant odor;
- It has high risk accession of a secondary bacterial infection.

Most often, this vegetative form of Apollo occurs in children after long-term treatment corticosteroids.

Pemphigus Neumann, differs in localization in such places as, armpits, the genital area, the skin on the head under the hair. hallmarks are:

Formation of vegetation (growth) directly on the erosive surface of a burst bubble. The growths resemble cauliflower in appearance.
Erosions practically do not heal;
The place of drying erosion resembles a flat wart.

Exfoliative (leaf-shaped) form

In medicine, several classifications of the disease are used, which are based on the manifestation of the pathological process, its varieties, the characteristics of the course of the disease, as well as the severity.

Basic forms:

true or acantholytic pemphigus. It combines several types of diseases that are the most dangerous for humans, and can provoke the progression of complications that are dangerous not only for health, but also for human life;
benign or nonacantholytic pemphigus. It is a less dangerous pathology. It flows relatively easily.

Depending on the characteristics of the course of the disease and the severity:

mild degree. Pathological elements on the skin are formed gradually. The number of foci is minimal;
moderate. This form is characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin and oral mucosa. The number of foci increases;
heavy. Amazed most of skin cover. Ulcers can be found in the mouth. The foci of inflammation merge and form large conglomerates. Associated pathologies develop.

Varieties of true pemphigus

Pemphigus ordinary. This type of pathology is diagnosed in patients more often.

Blisters form on the skin, but there are no signs of inflammation. If the treatment of pemphigus is not carried out on time, then pathological elements can spread throughout the skin.

It is worth noting that they can merge and form large lesions.

The main signs of viral pemphigus

Parents can notice viral pemphigus in their child by several signs:

Before the blisters characteristic of the disease appear, the baby may complain of weakness, increased drowsiness, and headache.
After about three days, vesicles filled with serous contents appear in the child's oral cavity, on the arms, legs, and less often on the buttocks.
The rash in some children is accompanied by fever, but usually it does not last long.
The blisters quickly open and in their place remain small wounds or sores that are painful, especially in the oral cavity.
Some children have mouth ulcers so painful that they force them to refuse to eat.

Symptoms

Modern dermatologists distinguish the following forms of the disease:

vulgar;
foliate;
vegetative;
brazilian;
erythematous;
paraneoplastic.

The infectious process begins after a short (from several days to a week) incubation period. The first symptoms of the disease are similar to those of a cold or SARS:

Photo of viral pemphigus in the mouth in a child

The first symptoms of viral pemphigus in children begin to appear 3-6 days after infection. Usually parents do not attach importance to these symptoms because they are nonspecific. The first symptoms include:

drowsiness;
fast fatiguability;
poor appetite;
sudden change of mood;
heat.

In rare cases, a child may have:

runny nose;
cough;
vomit;
headache;
diarrhea.

All of the above symptoms manifest themselves in the region of 12-36 hours. Then symptoms specific to viral pemphigus become apparent. These are watery blisters that may appear on the palms, feet (soles), in the mouth, or on the genitals.

The blisters themselves have the following characteristics:

elongated or oval shape;
itching and pain;
clear or whitish liquid inside;
redness around;
erosion after the bubble bursts;

If the disease affects the oral cavity, then yellow blisters appear in the mouth with a red rim around it and a high temperature rises. Along with blisters, bad breath appears.

The bubbles hurt even if they are not touched, while the pain increases when swallowing, as well as when eating food. In order not to once again irritate the oral mucosa, doctors advise avoiding cold, hot, sour or spicy foods during this period.

Viral pemphigus of the oral cavity is easily confused with a sore throat, since the symptoms are identical in appearance. Therefore, at the first signs of the disease, it is best to immediately contact a medical institution for help.

A timely diagnosis will help avoid prescribing antibiotics, which can cause an additional rash on the body.

In severe disease, blisters appear on the knees, elbows, buttocks, and perineum, and lymph nodes in the neck may swell. If blisters have formed on the feet or palms, then the consequence may be peeling of the nail plate.

The peeling process itself is painless, and the nails begin to grow back after 2 weeks. With viral pemphigus, the high temperature lasts no more than 5 days.

After this time, the temperature returns to normal, and the child begins to feel better. From the onset of the disease to complete recovery takes about 10 days.

But it should be noted that after recovery for another 3 months, the Kosaki ecterovirus will come out with the feces.

Basically, viral pemphigus manifests itself with a number of symptoms. But there are times when it can be asymptomatic. And there are just a few pitfalls.

Firstly, such a course of the disease is fraught with complications, because the treatment will not be prescribed on time. And secondly, the disease will manifest itself already at the most severe stage and much more serious treatment will be required.

The main symptoms (signs of manifestation) include:

Viral pemphigus in children and adults is a disease that has similar symptoms, regardless of its type. A feature of acantholytic and non-acantholytic pemphigus is an undulating course. If you don't provide timely help, the patient's condition will deteriorate rapidly.

General symptoms:

loss of appetite;
weakness;
symptoms of cachexia increase;
erosion epithelialization slows down.

Symptoms of the disease, depending on which form began to progress in a person.

In pemphigus vulgaris, blisters form on the skin various sizes. They have a sluggish and thin-walled shell.

First they are localized in the oral cavity. Usually, a sick person, after discovering pathological elements, goes to see a dentist, but in fact, a dermatologist is also involved in the diagnosis and treatment of pemphigus vulgaris.

The main complaints: pain when talking and eating, an unpleasant smell from the oral cavity.

Symptoms of the disease persist for 3-12 months. If during this period you do not do treatment, then pathological formations will begin to spread and move to the skin. At severe course observed intoxication syndrome and accession secondary infection.

The size of the blisters in the erythematous form is relatively small. The walls of the bladder are thin and sluggish. Formations can spontaneously open. It is very difficult to diagnose such pemphigus in children and adults.

The leaf form affects mainly the skin, but sometimes spreads to the mucous membrane. Its main difference from other forms is the simultaneous formation of pathological blisters and crusts that overlap each other.

With such a disease, the development of sepsis is possible, which often leads to the death of the patient.

Diagnosis of pathology

Viral pemphigus is fairly common and the diagnosis is not difficult. However, the symptoms of the disease may be similar to those of chicken pox and other skin diseases.

For accurate diagnosis conduct an immunological study of the baby's blood, which shows the presence in the blood of specific antibodies to the antigens of the Coxsackie virus.

A dermatologist diagnoses pemphigus in children by visual inspection skin and oral cavity of the child. Having established the diagnosis of viral pemphigus, the infected child is placed in a hospital. The doctor conducts a histological, cytological and immunological examination and treatment.

the use of antipyretic drugs, which contribute not only to lowering body temperature, but to alleviating painful symptoms;
the use of glucocorticosteroid and immunological drugs;
apply antimicrobial antiseptic ointments to the resulting wounds;
in order to avoid dehydration of the body, observe a frequent drinking regimen;
Frequent change of linen helps to prevent the development of re-infection.

Preparations for the treatment of pediatric pemphigus are prescribed throughout the entire period of the rash on the skin and mucous membranes of the child. To prevent the disease from aggravating, the use medicines do not cancel, even if there is a positive result in the treatment, until complete recovery.

Careful and prolonged treatment contributes to a long stage of remission.

Treatment

Treatment of any type of pemphigus in a child of any age contains systemic and local funds. Complex medical measures appoints a doctor, any changes must be agreed with him. Application of various folk remedies may cause irreparable harm to the health of the child.

Systemic therapy

This type of treatment begins after the detection of the first bubble elements on the skin of the child, the sooner the better. For the treatment of vulgaris and other types of pemphigus are prescribed:

systemic glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone) in high and medium age dosages for several weeks;
immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine);
plasmapheresis sessions;
antibiotics with a wide spectrum of effects (cephalosporins of the 3rd and higher generation) in the presence of complications.

Local treatment

This type of therapy has a number of features depending on the form of the disease.

For the treatment of vulgaris and erythematous pemphigus are prescribed:

local means with a drying effect (aniline dyes);
after that - ointment dressings for speedy healing (Levomekol).

Treatment for the vegetative form includes:

the actual vegetation is removed only surgically (laser ablation or with a suspension of triamcinolone);
local treatment consists in drying and applying antimicrobial ointments (Miramistin).

Pemphigus foliaceus is eliminated by the following local remedies:

general baths with anti-inflammatory drugs;
astringent additives (oak bark);
ointment dressings with glucocorticosteroids;

Only in the presence of a thorough and prolonged treatment, the absence of provoking factors, this form of pediatric pemphigus can go into a long stage of remission.

With all variants of pemphigus, special rehabilitation is not required.

Treatment of pemphigus is a rather complicated process. Self-medication is unacceptable. The disease progresses quite quickly and, affecting large areas of the skin, and can lead to disruption of the internal organs.

Treatment must be carried out in a hospital. Corticosteroid medications are given to relieve symptoms.

Initially, they are taken large doses. Controlling blood and urine sugar levels arterial pressure and hygiene rules.

It is necessary to change bed and underwear more often to prevent re-infection.

Treatment is combined with anabolic steroids, as well as ascorbic acid, calcium and potassium. Taking medications continues until the complete disappearance of the rash. In the case of a rapid improvement, in no case should you stop treatment, so as not to cause an exacerbation.

Prevention of pemphigus

If the child has already had pemphigus, then it is necessary to maintain hormone therapy. Healthy children should be taught about the need for personal hygiene, especially washing their hands after going to the toilet and before eating. The room should be regularly ventilated and wet cleaned.

benign pemphigus

Benign familial pemphigus is a disease that affects adolescents and young adults. To date, the reasons causing it are not fully understood.

Members of the same family do not always get sick. It is this fact that caused the disease to have several names.

It is called benign pemphigus dermatitis herpetiformis. The disease is unpredictable.

The disease has an undulating course, in connection with this, treatment should be selected depending on the symptoms and the activity of the process. Pemphigus is a disease in children that, if left untreated, can be life-threatening.

It gets worse quickly, so it needs to be treated by a professional. After the defeat of a large area of the skin, internal organs are involved in the process.

Children's pemphigus requires the conditions of a dermatological hospital. For treatment, it is necessary to use hormonal, cytostatic drugs, as well as agents that can improve the condition of the baby and transfer the disease into a controlled form.

For this, high doses of medication should be used at the beginning of therapy.

Besides Special attention given to personal hygiene, change of bed and underwear. In the process of treatment, it is necessary to control the level of glucose in the blood and urine and blood pressure. Maintaining cleanliness prevents further infection.

The treatment regimen includes the use of corticosteroid drugs, anabolic steroid hormones, calcium, potassium and vitamins. The duration of taking the drugs depends on the presence of blisters and their regression.

When the baby's condition improves, do not immediately cancel corticosteroid drugs, as this can cause an exacerbation. Therapy implies control over the patient's condition by putting him on a dispensary record.

Outpatients should not be subjected to strong physical exertion and nervous strain.

FROM therapeutic purpose hormonal preparations are prescribed internally and externally. Doses of steroids should be reduced every week by a few milligrams. The decrease must continue until it reaches minimum dose which provides a supportive effect.

A positive result is observed when using a complex of drugs: hormones, cytostatics and immunosuppressants. Even after the disappearance of skin manifestations, you should not stop taking immunosuppressants for another few months.

In addition, it is necessary to carry out blood purification by hemosorption and plasmapheresis. This is especially true for children who have concomitant pathology, for example, diabetes or an overactive thyroid.

Diet in case of illness involves the use of hypoallergenic products, cereals and protein foods. To avoid secondary infection, use herbal baths With oak bark, chamomile or a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Erosion must be lubricated with weak disinfectant solutions, followed by lubrication with hormone-based ointment.

In order to reduce the temperature and improve the general condition, antipyretic drugs, except for aspirin, should be used. The treatment of pemphigus in newborns consists in isolating the baby in the pathology department. Bubbles should be lubricated antiseptic. Also widely used:

ultra-violet rays;
antibacterial agents;
detoxification and maintenance therapy in the form of infusion injections.

As antibacterial drugs use antistaphylococcal gamma globulin. In addition, the treatment of pemphigus of the newborn includes the transfusion of plasma and fiery elements.

In the presence of heart failure with edematous syndrome, cardiac glycosides and diuretics should be used.

Viral pemphigus experienced pediatrician is determined immediately after examination of the skin and oral cavity of the child. Specific treatment of the disease is not carried out, since there are no special drugs to neutralize and remove the virus from the body. The doctor prescribes symptomatic treatment:

Antipyretics are used when the temperature rises - Nurofen, Paracetamol. These medicines also have an analgesic effect, which can reduce the soreness of mouth ulcers.
The gel, which is used when the first teeth erupt, also helps to reduce pain for babies. A small amount of gel must be gently rubbed into those places of the oral cavity where there are sores.
During the formation of ulcers, the child must be fed light food which does not irritate the mucous membranes. That is, it is necessary to exclude spicy, too hot and sour dishes.
A sick baby should drink as much and as often as possible, this will facilitate general well-being and prevent dehydration. The child must be forced to drink, even if it hurts him because of the presence of sores in the oral cavity.
It makes no sense to give antibiotics to a child. Viral pemphigus is caused by a virus and antibiotic treatment in this case is impractical.

At the time of illness, it is necessary to pay increased attention to body hygiene, you need to periodically change bed linen, and avoid combing the bubbles. If a child combs the blisters with dirty hands, then a secondary infection is possible, which will cause both a rise in temperature and the development of streptoderma.

For secondary infection, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics.

To relieve itching and irritation of the skin with blisters, ointments and lotions with anti-inflammatory components can be used. After the wounds have dried, it is recommended to use emollient creams, this will enhance tissue regeneration.

Soreness in the mouth relieves cool drinks. Treatment should be accompanied by periodic airing of the room, constant wet cleaning.

Viral pemphigus in a child usually resolves in a week or a little more. The blisters begin to dry up two or three days after opening, the temperature usually lasts only the first days of the disease.

If parents note that the vesicles do not heal well, the temperature does not decrease, and the child's health does not improve, then you should consult a doctor for additional treatment.

Treatment of the disease is aimed at alleviating the condition of the child. After all, the disease, as a rule, goes away by itself after 10 days.

With the development of viral pemphigus in children, treatment is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of the disease and improving the general condition of the patient. Treatment of the disease is carried out with the help of external folk remedies.

Such drugs remove pain syndrome, have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action, contribute to the speedy healing of wounds and the regeneration of the mucous membrane and skin.

They also give the baby decoctions to strengthen immunity.

It is not necessary to take antiviral drugs for this disease, since the infection goes away on its own. The duration of the disease is in most cases 10 days. Antiviral drugs have a negative effect toxic effect on the child's liver.

Folk recipes

Means to strengthen immunity:

Mint and calendula. In a glass of boiling water, steam 1 tsp. dried or fresh marigold flowers and mint leaves. Give the child 50 ml three times a day.
Kalina. In 1 l. 250 g of fresh viburnum berries are brewed with water, boiled over low heat for 10 minutes, then cooled and filtered. Add 2 tbsp to the decoction. l. honey. Give the baby 50 ml three times a day.
Voronets. In a glass of boiling water, steam 1 tsp. this plant, insist an hour, then filter. Add honey to taste. Give the baby 50 ml 2-3 times a day.
Herbal collection. In 300 ml of boiling water, steam 1 tsp. chopped willow twigs, elm bark and birch buds, boil over low heat under a closed lid for 10 minutes, then cool and filter. Add honey to taste. Give the patient 1 tbsp. three times a day.

External funds:

Given the insidiousness and high risk of dermatosis, treatment is carried out in a hospital according to an individual scheme, including systemic and local effects. Attempts to get rid of rashes on their own or treatment with folk recipes can cost the child his life.

The diagnosis of viral pemphigus can only be made by an infectious disease specialist, and it is he who will prescribe proper treatment. Therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms.

Therefore, for the treatment of viral pemphigus, external agents are used that have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. This method promotes the regeneration of the skin, due to which wound healing occurs faster.

At this time, the child should be given drugs that strengthen the immune system. Doctors do not advise taking antiviral pills, because after 10 days the disease goes away on its own.

The doctor on the spot, without prescribing any additional tests, can immediately diagnose the disease and prescribe treatment, which will consist of:

Taking antipyretic and pain medications. For children, Nurofen is most often prescribed, which has both effects, Paracetamol
The use of special anesthetic gels, especially if blisters appear in the mouth. For this, the same gels are usually used as during teething. For example, Kalgel. A little gel is squeezed out and gently rubbed into the place where the sore has formed.
Taking hormonal drugs, but only if the disease has passed to a severe stage, and the child's condition has noticeably worsened
Drinking cool drinks that will positively affect the oral mucosa and relieve pain and itching

In addition, it is necessary to exclude salty and spicy dishes, which will only irritate the mucous membrane. For a while, it is better to switch to mushy food or mashed potatoes so that the baby does not hurt to swallow.

In the attached video you can learn about dermatitis.

Viral pemphigus is very common in children. And all because it is easily transmitted from child to child. It only takes one person to cough or sneeze, and the virus will spread to the next. Therefore, each parent should know the main symptoms of the manifestation of the disease, in order to immediately contact a specialist and not delay treatment.

To date, several methods are used to treat the disease:

drug therapy;
local treatment;
extracorporeal methods.

Drug therapy includes the appointment of the following groups of drugs:

antibiotics;
corticosteroids;
cytostatics.

Local treatment:

ointments containing corticosteroids;
baths with the addition of potassium permanganate;
irrigation of the surface of the mucous membrane and skin with anesthetic solutions;
use of aniline dyes.

Extracorporeal techniques:

hemosorption;
hemodialysis;
plasmapheresis.

Disease prevention

The main direction of prevention is to prevent the development of an exacerbation of the disease. For this, parents little patient necessary:

carefully follow all medical recommendations;
do not interrupt the course of treatment with glucocorticosteroids on your own, even if it is very long;
exclude the influence of provoking factors ( ultraviolet irradiation certain medications).

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An adult family member caring for the baby should take steps to reduce the chance of infection. That is, you must constantly wash your hands with soap and water, it is advisable to wear a disposable bandage, when applying the ointment to the skin, you must use protective gloves.

After a successful recovery, parents need to know that the Coxsackievirus remains active in stool ah for several more months, so it is necessary to take preventive measures to prevent the disease.

To prevent development and exacerbation, as well as to prevent the risk of infecting other people with viral pemphigus, you must:

follow and follow all the recommendations of a dermatologist;
protect the child from exposure to UV rays;
observe the rules of personal hygiene;
help improve immunity;
a parent who cares for a sick child and applies ointment to sore spots should use medical gloves. This will prevent the risk of infection yourself.

Treatment of childhood viral pemphigus, regardless of the age of the child, is based on specialized drug therapy, and compliance with certain safety measures.

Therapy should never be avoided or interrupted. If the disease is started, and the drugs prescribed by the doctor are not used, this will lead to irreversible consequences.

And the infected child, having not received medical care may die. Therefore, when the first symptoms and signs of the disease appear, the parents of the child should urgently apply for qualified help to medical specialists.

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Pemphigus vulgaris occurs due to autoimmune disorders. The mucous membrane of the mouth and lips is affected first, the blisters are small, their surface is very thin. To confirm the diagnosis, a sample of fluid from the blister is taken for analysis. water blisters appear in the oral cavity, then the focus spreads throughout the body. flows into acute form. Bubbles can be large, when opened, a clear or bloody fluid flows out of them. As it dries, a brown crust forms. A burn, an excess of ultraviolet radiation and a number of drugs can provoke a disease. The disease can last for several years. There are traces of pigmentation at the sites of the lesion. In the acute stage, the number of blisters increases.

On the mucous membrane of the mouth, erosions also merge with each other, making it difficult to eat. General state the patient worsens. If there is no improvement, cachexia may develop. Treatment is hormonal. The dosage is not reduced until the disappearance of fresh blisters. As additional measures, carry out blood purification procedures. Steroids may be prescribed. As local treatment doctors recommend products with a drying effect and ointment dressings. dangerous with complications. With an unfavorable outcome of treatment, the kidneys, liver and heart are affected. To avoid relapse, you should monitor the level of sugar in the blood, take vitamins, calcium.

Leaf pemphigus - blisters are flat, with a thin surface, erosion occurs at the site of rupture of the bubble, which does not heal for a long time. Constantly appearing bubbles form a large non-healing wound. The mucous membrane of the mouth with this form of pemphigus is not affected. New bubbles form under the crust. The main difference from other forms is that the horny exfoliates from the granular, even in healthy areas of the skin. Patients are prescribed corticosteroid drugs along with anabolic steroid hormones. The drugs are prescribed for a long time.

Seborrheic - a type of leaf pemphigus. The rash appears in the form of small blisters, drying up, they become covered with yellow crusts. Localized on the face, in the scalp and spread to the chest and back. After removing the scales, the surface of the focus becomes wet. On the mucous appear very rarely. Doctors associate this form with systemic lupus erythematosus, since the signs of the diseases are similar. It differs from others in that the lesions are symmetrical and erosion does not form in place of the bubbles. Seborrheic pemphigus can be confused with measles and rubella. High-dose glucocorticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, antibiotics are prescribed for treatment. a wide range and plasmapheresis. The patient's condition will be facilitated by baths with anti-inflammatory drugs, with oak bark and antimicrobial ointment dressings. In some patients, seborrheic pemphigus turns into a pemphigus vulgaris or leaf-shaped form.

vegetative form. Blisters are localized in the genital area, in the armpit and on the head. The blisters burst, forming a purulent plaque. Then, at the site of the blisters, the skin grows. Healing lasts a long time, there is a seal similar to a wart.

Brazilian pemphigus - found only in Brazil, in the Amazon region. The symptoms are reminiscent of pemphigus foliaceus- the mucous membrane of the mouth is not affected. The disease affects children - from 10 years of age and young people up to 30 years.

Benign familial chronic pemphigus Guzhero-Hailey-Hailey. Small blisters appear mainly on the neck, shoulder blades, armpit, in inguinal region. For treatment, antibiotics, corticosteroid drugs are prescribed, wounds are treated with alcohol. Treatment is usually effective.

Pemphigus of the eye. More common in older people. Damage to the mucous membrane of the eye leads to fusion of the eyelids with eyeball and narrowing palpebral fissure. The disease can lead to blindness.

Despite the fact that viral pemphigus is considered a childhood disease, an adult can also be infected. The course of the disease is more severe than in children. Treat adults as well as small patients.

2 Causes of the disease

The disease caused by the Coxsackie virus is transmitted by airborne droplets, from a sick person to a healthy one, and only a person can be the source of infection. Throughout the illness and another three months after it, the patient will be a carrier of the infection. The incubation period lasts from 3 to 7 days. The disease is seasonal, outbreaks occur in spring and summer.

Causes of occurrence:

Enterovirus. It manifests itself as pain in the abdomen, but can on the oral mucosa. Affects the central nervous system. They are highly resistant to the external environment.
Hormones. Hormonal disorders can be one of the main causes of this disease.
autoimmune cause. The human body produces aggressive antibodies, which, together with the virus, provoke the formation of bubbles and exfoliation of the superficial and deep layers of the skin.
Weak immunity can cause many diseases.

Viral pemphigus in children begins with a rash, then blisters form on the palms, soles of the feet and in the mouth. Sometimes this disease is called "hands-foot-mouth". Babies get sick less often, the cause may be Staphylococcus aureus. Symptoms appear in the first days of a child's life. Bubbles form on the body, quickly increase in size, burst and in their place wounds appear. Antibiotics are used for treatment.

3 Symptoms of pathology

Symptomatically, the pathology is manifested by the following signs:

The appearance of blisters on the legs, arms and mouth;
Increased body temperature;
eye irritation, lacrimation;
Itching in the area of the rash;
Headache.

Mostly children under 10 years of age get sick, it is during this period that the child’s immune system is not strong enough, so infectious diseases easily cling to him. A child is at risk after a recent cold or exacerbation of a chronic disease. There is a factor of hereditary predisposition. Diagnosis is made after physical examination, complete blood count, throat swab, fecal analysis, and histological examination of the contents of the blisters.

4 Treatment

Treatment is to eliminate the symptoms:

A sick child must be isolated so as not to infect family members. Highlight separate dishes, cutlery;
Frequent drinking, drinks, teas, compotes should be given cold. Hot drinks are contraindicated;
Diet, with the exception of sour, salty foods, so as not to irritate the oral mucosa;
Exclude solid food;
mouth rinse;
Antipyretic drugs if the temperature is high;
To relieve itching prescribed antihistamines;
Multivitamins;
Immunostimulants.

The child should not be fed hot food. This is the one rare case when doctors recommend giving the patient ice cream. As a rule, viral pemphigus in children is self-limited, the symptoms do not last more than 5 days. In order to avoid the spread of viral pemphigus, it is important to strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene, wash your hands thoroughly after contact with the patient, treat wounds with medical gloves, do not give anyone things and objects from the patient’s environment. You should bathe the baby in a bath with medicinal herbs. A sick child should change underwear and bedding as often as possible. Iron things with a hot iron. By following the above instructions, you can short time put the child on his feet.

Infectious malaise is seasonal and is more often diagnosed in the spring and summer. Spread by airborne droplets or contact. Outbreaks of the disease are typical for groups where there is close communication between people.

The reasons

The cause of viral pemphigus in adults is considered to be Coxsackie A16 and EV71 enteroviruses. From the moment of infection to the appearance of the first symptoms of malaise, 4-6 days pass. All this time and several months after recovery, the person is a carrier of the infection.

Coxsackievirus usually causes damage to the palms and soles. This form of the disease proceeds easily and without consequences. Enterovirus EV71 is much more dangerous - it causes enteroviral tonsillitis, which is often and severely complicated.

In adults, viral pemphigus is rarely diagnosed. Infections are more susceptible to people after 45 years of age with a weakened immune system or with a hereditary tendency to viral pathology. A chance to become infected also appears in those who at this age first went on vacation abroad or to another unfamiliar place, that is, to where bacteria unknown to immunity "live".

Viral pemphigus should not be confused with true. These rare diseases have similar symptoms, but different reasons occurrence.

Pemphigus vulgaris develops as an autoimmune pathological process and proceeds very hard, while the viral infection, although contagious, rarely causes serious complications and passes quickly.

Symptoms

Infectious pemphigus is manifested by a scattering of vesicles (vesicles) filled with a clear liquid. A favorite place of localization is the oropharynx, palms and the area between the fingers, soles.

Common symptoms of a viral infection in adults:

temperature rise to 37.2 °C;
lethargy, fatigue, loss of working capacity;
abdominal discomfort, sometimes diarrhea;
joint pain and muscle pain.

If viral pemphigus occurs in the oral cavity, the general symptoms are supplemented by a sore throat, runny nose, increased salivation, problems with chewing and swallowing food. The patient has an unpleasant smell from the mouth and nasal passages.

When the skin is damaged, soreness, itching, swelling of tissues, irritation can be observed. Sometimes the bubbles burst, leaving behind dried crusts or erosion.

Another typical symptom viral pemphigus is an increase in the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes. Sometimes the skin over them turns red, the patient complains of nausea, heaviness in the head, cough, lacrimation.

Which doctor treats viral pemphigus?

An infectious disease specialist and a dermatologist are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of an unpleasant rash. If there are no such specialists in the local clinic, it is necessary to approach the local therapist.

Sometimes the symptoms of a viral infection prompt the patient to seek the advice of a dentist. After examining the rashes in the oral cavity, the dentist always sends the patient to a specialized specialist.

Diagnostics

In most cases, viral pemphigus can be identified already at the first examination. To exclude the addition of a secondary infection or the appearance of complications, the patient is prescribed additional studies:

clinical and biochemical analysis blood;
test for the presence of antibodies;
study of the contents of the vesicles;
throat swab;
general analysis of feces.

If myocarditis is suspected, echocardiography is performed to help detect abnormalities in the movement of the heart walls.

In the vast majority of cases, viral pemphigus ends with the formation of a strong immunity to the pathogen, so an unpleasant diagnosis is made once in a lifetime and only to those adults who did not have the infection in childhood.

Treatment

Treatment for viral pemphigus is purely symptomatic and is aimed at improving the patient's well-being. Therapy consists in observing a semi-bed rest, plentiful drink, taking vitamins and boosting immunity. The disease most often ends on its own in 10-14 days.

To eliminate the discomfort and symptoms of cystic lesions in adults, the following groups of drugs are used:

antiallergic - Diazolin, Fenistil, Citrine, Erius, Suprastin;
antipyretic - Aspirin, Paracetamol, Nimesil, Tylenol, Ibuprofen;
corticosteroids - Dexamethasone, Prednisolone;
cytostatics - Methotrexate, Zeksat, Sandimmun, Cytarabine, Azathioprine.

Of the antiviral drugs for viral pemphigus, Laferon, Cycloferon and Viferon are most often taken.

Local treatment involves the appointment of antiseptics (Miramistin, Chlorhexidine) and combined drugs with analgesic and disinfecting effects (Oflokain ointment). For the healing of the skin, Bepanten, Solcoseryl, Vishnevsky liniment, Levomekol are used.

Treatment of viral pemphigus in the oral cavity is carried out by rinsing with antimicrobial and anesthetic solutions - Oracept, Forteza. You can use infusions of anti-inflammatory herbs: chamomile, calendula flowers, oak bark, cornflower. Lotions with agave juice or fresh nettle, sea buckthorn oil help well.

Supportive treatment is based on taking vitamin preparations, in particular ergocalciferol, since it is he who is involved in the formation of skin peptides necessary for the development of local immunity. You should also consume more trace elements - magnesium, calcium, potassium, selenium and zinc.

Diet

When vesicles appear in the oral cavity, an adult patient is advised to exclude hot, sour and spicy foods from the diet, limit the use of foods that can provoke allergic reaction. You should quit smoking and alcohol.

The treatment of viral pemphigus will be more effective if you give preference to fresh vegetables, fruits, liquid porridges-slurs and soups-puree. Such a diet will accelerate the recovery of the mucosa and will not cause additional harm.

Complications

Viral infection in adults usually occurs without serious consequences, but if it is not treated, it can be complicated by serious diseases:

pneumonia;
myocarditis;
encephalitis;
aseptic meningitis;
the appearance of a generalized rash;
myelitis with paralysis.

The occurrence of viral pemphigus during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, can lead to miscarriage or cause fetal malformations, sometimes incompatible with life.

Prevention

Since viral pemphigus is contagious, all measures to prevent the disease are aimed at avoiding infection. Standard prevention includes:

washing hands after contact with strangers, visiting public places and vehicles;
avoiding any meetings with obviously sick people;
rinsing the mouth and washing the nasal cavity upon returning home from the street.

If you have to care for an injured relative, you must wear gloves and a mask, wash dishes thoroughly and carry out daily wet cleaning. The patient should be given a separate towel, bed linen and hygiene items. After recovery, you must antiseptic treatment premises, as well as all the things that he touched.

Adults who have had viral pemphigus should be registered with a dermatologist and undergo an annual medical examination, as well as limit physical activity for a while, avoid stress and overwork.

Within 6 months after the illness, it is recommended to change underwear and bedding as often as possible, treat hands with an antiseptic and rinse your mouth with anti-inflammatory drugs. Such simple measures will help to avoid a recurrence of a viral infection and finally recover.

Useful video about the diagnosis of pemphigus

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Viral pemphigus is infection, in which, after several days of mild malaise, blisters appear on the skin of the feet, buttocks, hands, and sometimes - on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. They have larger size than at chicken pox, filled with transparent contents, can itch, and, appearing in the mouth, make the process of eating painful.

If the body of the sick person is sufficiently weakened, the blisters spread over a large area of the body, affecting external surfaces lower extremities and sexual organs. With a mild course of the disease, the symptoms disappear in a week or 10 days, after a while, the nail plates can fall off painlessly.

The main treatment for pathology is to take drugs that modulate the immune response. Local treatment of blisters with antiseptics is important for prevention bacterial complications infections.

Causes of pathology

Viral pemphigus of the palms and soles is caused by a special group of viruses - enteroviruses, more specifically - Coxsackie viruses, subspecies A16 and subspecies 71 enteroviruses themselves. The first type of microorganisms causes damage, mainly only to the palms, which proceeds easily and without complications. Enteroviruses of 71 subspecies cause a highly contagious, epidemic-causing pathology, which can be complicated by enteroviral meningitis (inflammation of the meninges of the brain) and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain itself).

Viral pemphigus in adults occurs most often over the age of 40 years; children under 10 years of age and those who have recently had another illness are more susceptible to it. viral infection. Infected in the following ways:

airborne, when talking with a sick person;
when eating from the same dishes with the sick;
after shaking hands or other physical contact with the patient, when liquid from a bladder devoid of a cover gets on the skin of a healthy person;
when kissing;
when particles of the patient's feces enter the digestive system healthy - if hands were not washed after going to the toilet, and the patient took someone else's dishes, towels, toys, shook hands, touched the handrails public transport, and healthy man didn't wash my hands afterwards.

The danger of viral pemphigus is that you can get infected not only from the patient, but also from:

a person who is in the incubation period lasting 3-6 days;
carrier of the virus - a person who, due to the activity of his immune system, does not get sick and feels good, but sheds the virus with feces;
recovered from this infection, for about those months after the blisters in the mouth or on the limbs disappeared.

More likely to get sick are people with reduced immunity and those who have hereditary feature the upper skin layer (epidermis), giving them a tendency to develop viral pemphigus.

The disease is characterized by seasonality: the virus is usually activated in spring, summer and autumn, while high and low temperatures kill the microbe in environment. People who have visited new places are more likely to become infected: the sea, nature, where other enteroviruses “live” that differ from their own region (to similar microorganisms in their area, the immune system of an adult usually develops protection).

Immunity is developed only to the strain of the virus that caused the disease. Other subspecies of enterovirus are still capable of provoking viral pemphigus.

How the disease manifests itself

The first symptoms of the disease appear after 3-6 days of the incubation period. They are non-specific. It:

fast fatiguability;
drowsiness;
deterioration in appetite and mood;
an increase in temperature, usually to high levels.

Not always found, but may be:

diarrhea;
runny nose;
headache;
cough.

Such signs last 12-36 hours. Further, those symptoms of viral pemphigus appear, which make it possible to make this diagnosis. This is the appearance on the feet, hands, and sometimes the buttocks, thighs and genitals of blisters with the following characteristics:

oval or elongated;
with transparent contents, if a bacterial infection occurs, the color of the bubble changes to whitish;
painful and itchy;
around - a reddish rim;
after they burst, painful erosions up to 3 mm in diameter appear, bordered by a red rim;
soon the sores are covered with crusts that fall off in 2-3 days, leaving no traces on the skin after themselves, in some cases only dark spots.

With viral pemphigus of the oral cavity, the temperature rises, yellowish vesicles with a red rim around appear in the mouth. The rash is accompanied by halitosis. The bubbles themselves hurt, the pain intensifies when food or drink gets on them, especially if they are sour, cold, hot or spicy.

In addition to a rash in the mouth, if a child is sick, there is a cough, vomiting, and later blisters appear on the limbs. They are located on the soles, palms, lateral surfaces of the feet and hands. In more severe cases loose elements cover the elbows, knees, perineum and buttocks. The disease can lead to an increase in the submandibular and cervical lymph nodes.

Viral pemphigus of the oral cavity is very similar to a sore throat, so you need to contact an infectious disease doctor to make a diagnosis. This step is necessary so that antibiotics are not prescribed. penicillin series, which treat angina, but with an enterovirus infection, they can cause a special small-spotted rash.

High temperature with viral pemphigus of any localization usually lasts up to 5 days, then subsides, and the patient feels relief. In general, about 10 days pass from the onset of the disease to the complete disappearance of all crusts. After that, the person, feeling completely healthy, excretes the virus with feces for another 3 months.

If viral pemphigus of the extremities has been noted, a person's nails may peel off after a week or a little longer. This process is painless and reversible - after 2 weeks new nail plates grow.

Photo of a rash with viral pemphigus

Complications

Caused by enteroviruses or Coxsackie viruses, viral pemphigus can be complicated by such serious conditions as:

pneumonia;
encephalitis;
meningitis;
myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle tissue. It occurs mainly with Coxsackie lesions. This is due to the fact that there is a similar site in the structure of the virus and in the myocardium. The immune system, starting to attack the microbe, discovers that there is a similar locus in the structure of heart muscle cells. Mistaking it for a virus, the immune system attacks the heart as well;
viral pemphigus during pregnancy, developing in the first trimester, can cause spontaneous abortion or fetal malformations that may be incompatible with life.

Enteroviral infection is usually mild, but in some cases, its complications can be fatal.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of viral pemphigus is usually made on examination based on the appearance of the rash. Turning to an infectious disease specialist, to confirm the diagnosis, you will need serological studies(detection of antibodies) of blood, feces, cerebrospinal fluid (the latter - with encephalitis or meningitis). The results of these examinations will be known no earlier than in 2 weeks. A cytological (under a microscope, which consists in examining cells stained in several ways) examination of the fluid in the vesicles is also used.

The PCR method, the essence of which is found in the DNA material of the virus, for enteroviruses, is under development.

Therapy

Treatment of viral pemphigus is purely conservative. It consists in prescribing medications and certain procedures. Used in therapy different kinds systemic drugs:

antiviral: "Viferon", "Cycloferon", "Laferon";
immunosuppressive. They can be of 2 types: glucocorticosteroids ("Prednisolone", "Dexamethasone") and cytostatics that suppress the division of immune cells ("Azathioprine", "Sandimmun", "Methotrexate");
antipyretics: Ibuprofen, Nimesil, Mefenamic acid, Paracetamol. "Aspirin" or acetylsalicylic acid to reduce the temperature should not be taken, especially for children under 10 years old;
with itching, antihistamines are required: "Cetrin", "Fenistil", "Diazolin".

Locally, for skin treatment, antiseptics are used (“Chlorhexidine”, “Miramistin”, “Methylene blue”), combined preparations, including antiseptics with anesthetics (“Oflokain”, “talkers” made in a pharmacy with local anesthetic drugs, antiseptics and vitamins). With viral pemphigus of the oral cavity, antimicrobial local anesthetic drugs are prescribed: Forteza, Oracept. Additionally, you can relieve itching with lotions with nettle juice, aloe juice or walnut leaf oil.

As procedures, those are used, the essence of which is to purify the blood. It:

hemosorption, when the blood is cleaned with a carbon filter;
plasmapheresis - removal of a certain amount of the liquid part of the blood with its replacement with solutions similar to it in physicochemical properties, but free from microbes, antibodies and immune complexes.

So that the substances that get into food do not injure the mucous membrane affected by viral pemphigus, you need to follow a diet. It consists in the exclusion of spicy, acidic foods. You can drink juices, but non-acidic and those that do not cause allergies. Soups, cereals, pasta or other dishes should not be eaten hot, but room temperature so as not to exacerbate the pain syndrome.

You need to eat more often, but at the same time take small portions. Reception of cold products is shown: ice cream, fruit ice or others, if they are not allergic. If you need to treat baby, for the duration of the disease, it is best to return completely to breastfeeding to provide energy needs the child and not injure his mucous membrane. You can't refuse food. If the child cannot eat, it is necessary to go to the infectious diseases hospital and not refuse hospitalization. Then, for a while, until the loose elements of viral pemphigus come down, the baby will be able to install a probe in the stomach and feed with it.

Prevention

To protect yourself from viral pemphigus as much as possible, you should not go to foreign regions or to the sea after past illness or if the person is constantly taking hormonal agents such as Prednisolone or Dexamethasone. In these situations, a weakened immune system will be easily exposed to the enterovirus and may even lead to a more severe course of viral pemphigus.

There is no vaccine for a huge number of enteroviruses, only some of which cause viral pemphigus. If there was contact with the patient, you need to try to provide yourself and the child good nutrition, start taking in age dosage calcium preparations: "Calcium gluconate", "Calcium-D3" or others. In addition, it is important to wash your hands after transport, the street, going to the toilet and before eating.

If you need to care for a patient with viral pemphigus, you should only touch the skin with a rash with gloves.