Profuse menstruation with clots and pain causes. Abundant periods - only hemostatic pills are few, the doctor must determine the cause

Abundant critical days can be completely different reasons. And if you have already noticed that your periods are flowing in this way, you need competent treatment, which can be prescribed after visiting a gynecologist and examination.

The reasons for which abundant can begin can be different, for example, congenital anomalies inside the uterine cavity. To begin with, I would like to note that in women, sometimes the structure of the uterus has a slightly irregular shape, or partitions inside the uterus can be found. Both irregular shape and partitions can contribute to severe blood stasis. As a result, stagnant blood is released in the form of disproportionate clots.

Very heavy periods with clots, caused by anomalies in the development of the uterus, are often painful. Such pathologies can be associated with heredity, with bad habits (especially during gestation, when the laying and development of the genital organs of the future woman takes place) or with the conduct of an unhealthy lifestyle.

As for violations, sometimes there are also such pathologies as a bifurcation of the cervix, doubling it, the formation of a rudimentary horn, etc. As a rule, if women with similar pathologies have heavy periods with clots, the cause of which is already known, good treatment and surgery are necessary. A woman can get on the operating table only after a thorough examination. To begin with, a detailed examination and planning of further actions is necessary.

I would like to note that hormonal failure can also be a serious cause of strong blood discharge. Most often, heavy periods with clots occur precisely for this reason. Some disturbances appear in the system, causing the sudden maturation of the egg. Then the female uterus grows, which is subsequently rejected, but already with bleeding. And if a woman with a disturbed hormonal failure has increased blood clotting, then menstrual blood will be released with clots.

In order to more accurately determine why abundant periods with clots are released, it is necessary to conduct a general examination, conduct magnetic resonance and computed tomography. Responsible for many hormonal disorders identified during the examination are removed, and hormonal failure associated with other causes is treated in the prescribed manner.

Sometimes, in women who have given birth or had an abortion, polyps appear on the uterine cavity, which also contribute to the abundant release of blood. Cleansing is often performed, after which menstrual bleeding weakens. The profusion can be influenced by many factors, even the formed fibroids, which must be examined quite often, because its increase can lead to the need to remove the uterus. Therefore, if you notice copious discharge with clots or find that the cycle lasts longer than normal, contact your doctor immediately and begin treatment. Do not self-medicate!

According to gynecologists, a disease called endometriosis is quite common in women. Endometriosis is a kind of proliferation of segments of the uterine mucosa in other tissues and organs. During menstruation, these cells can enter any organ through the blood, and most often they enter the muscle membrane. Then, if the integrity of the vessels is violated, blood accumulates, which subsequently coagulates and comes out with menstruation in clots.

Most often in such cases, heavy periods with clots are accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen, and in addition, uterine bleeding may be irregular. This process is called metrorrhagia.

To understand that a woman has endometriosis, it is necessary to be fully examined in the clinic, where they will conduct the necessary instrumental and laboratory tests. Treatment of this disease is necessarily carried out if it bothers a woman (for example, it manifested itself in the form of heavy periods).

In any case, for whatever reason, heavy periods would not go (and especially with clots), a woman needs treatment, because its absence can lead to iron deficiency anemia. In this case, you should not rely on the fact that everything will go away by itself or write off incomprehensible symptoms on the characteristics of your body, especially if previously heavy periods were not very typical for you. Do not sit idly by, fight for your women's health, visit a gynecologist and go through all the necessary examinations!

Every woman knows and anticipates if something goes wrong during her period. And one of the most frequent phenomena - during menstruation, the discharge goes in pieces. Why this happens, is it a norm or a pathology, which diseases can be considered harmless, and which ones can lead to serious consequences - we will consider below.

What is menstruation and the duration of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle of a woman - the period of time from the beginning of one menstruation to the beginning of another, on average (and is the norm for most women) is 28 days. It can vary greatly between women and vary, especially at a young age, since the cycle is controlled by female sex hormones.

The cycle begins on the first day of menstruation and lasts up to 7 days, while the inner lining of the uterus, the decidual layer (endometrium), is renewed, after which the body begins to produce specific hormones that serve as a signal to create a new lining of the uterus.

Then the endometrium thickens to accept the egg - this is approximately from the 14th day of menstruation. When the ovary prepares a mature egg for exit from the ovary into the fallopian tube, the period of ovulation begins (in the middle of the cycle). For a few more days, the egg moves through the fallopian tube ready for fertilization, but if the sperm does not fertilize it, it will simply dissolve.

And if the whole body is already ready for pregnancy, but it has not come, then the production of hormones decreases, the uterus rejects the endometrium, and the inner membrane exfoliates - we observe this process in the form of menstruation.

This means that discharge during menstruation is a mixture of a small amount of blood, particles of mucous tissue and endometrium. Normal menstrual flow is up to 200 ml.

A clot - what is it: why do large bloody pieces come out and how normal is it

The presence of blood clots in the discharge does not always indicate pathology. There can be many reasons for this. Every woman has a normal discharge of her own color and density.

The body is designed in such a way that during menstruation it produces special enzymes that can perform the function of anticoagulants and slow down blood clotting. When they cannot effectively cope with the task, with heavy menstruation, blood clots form. Such clotted blood, maroon in color with a jelly-like consistency and up to 10 cm long, is absolutely safe.

Also, do not worry if the clots are not accompanied by fever, severe pain and a high volume of secretions.

Clots should not bother you (for no additional reason) if:

• You are under 18;
• If less than a month has passed since the birth;
• if you have recently had an abortion, surgery, curettage, miscarriage;
• You are using intrauterine contraceptives that cause heavy discharge during menstruation;
• You know that you have an abnormal position of the uterus, which makes it difficult for blood to flow out normally, forming clots.

Also, blood clots form if a woman has been in one position for a long time, and then changed it dramatically. For example, from horizontal (during sleep, rest) or sitting (in a bus, car, office) to vertical (when walking). Thus, a woman from a stationary state passes into a mobile state, and the stagnation of blood in the uterus during calmness has time to curl up, forming clots that come out as soon as the movement begins.

This is considered the norm.

Such lumps are not a cause for concern if your normal body activity and hormonal state are not disturbed. If there are painful sensations and increased discomfort, there are reasons for concern.

Causes of menstruation with clots

Hormonal disbalance

In adolescence. When the girl's body is just starting its menstrual activity and rhythmic ovulation has not yet been established. This is the time to establish the process, this period lasts about 2 years.

Then failures of cycle duration, high sensitivity of an organism to stressful situations, any most insignificant negative factors are possible. So, the reproductive system can react with juvenile bleeding, prolonged periods of menstruation (up to 2 weeks) and blood comes out in the form of clots, like a liver.

Violations after childbirth or curettage of the uterine cavity. For a month after the birth of a child or in the case of surgery, a woman in labor may have huge bloody lumps. It is normal if, along with the discharge, there is no increase in temperature, otherwise you need to check if there are any fragments of the placenta left in the uterus.

During menopause, when the female reproductive and menstrual functions are fading (at the age of 45 years).

Hormonal imbalance is visible if it occurs dysfunction of the endocrine glands and cycle failure, then there is a huge exit with lumps of brown blood.

Often the violation occurs in women over the age of 45, during the period of perimenopause. The frequency of ovulation decreases, the amount of blood and endometrium rejected is disturbed, the discharge comes with a large number of clots.

Endometriosis and adenomyosis

Endometriosis. It is characterized by the growth of the uterine mucosa outside it, which is accompanied by painful and prolonged periods, cycle failure and an increased volume of blood that came out.

Abnormal development of the uterine mucosa (adenomyosis) through damage to its walls is accompanied by constant severe pain and large volumes of discharge with clots.

Adenomyosis affects not only the space of the main female organ, but has a chance to go to the ovaries, intestines and other organs. The appearance of endometriosis is still unclear, although it is generally accepted that “screenings” of the endometrium form on inflamed tissues. The childbearing space inside becomes like a honeycomb in painful foci.

The blood does not coagulate well, the contractile function of the organ works with disorders, and clinical intervention is required for surgical treatment.

Polyposis as a violation of the endometrium

For women after thirty years and even for those who are in the pre-menopausal age (about 50 years), discharge in the form of clots is a frequent occurrence. Endometrial polyposis (polyps) is a violation of the internal tissues of the uterine cavity. These tissues grow, covering the uterine cavity in the form of polyps, which can cause blood clots and pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation, violations of the monthly cycle through an abnormal “growth” of the uterine mucosa on the walls and its same non-systemic “removal”.

These lumps are also caused by other diseases, such as:

• Obesity- an excess of adipose tissue leads to a violation of the level of estrogen in the blood and affects the growth rate of the endometrium;
• Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease or hypertension- accompanied by an increased amount of discharge due to a violation of the metabolic process in the body;
• Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (pelvis), both internal and external: has an infectious nature, causes an inflammatory reaction, in which the main role is played by blood vessels.

Ectopic pregnancy and pathology of pregnancy

Pregnancy pathology occurs when large lumps of discharge occur in a pregnant woman (she may not be aware of her “interesting position”), this may warn of a threatened miscarriage. There are abundant bloody discharge, and menstruation is painful, with severe discomfort in the lower abdomen in the form of contractions.

An ectopic pregnancy is a very rare occurrence, but it happens that during an ectopic pregnancy small brown dark pieces stand out.

Anomalies of the female genital organs

Violations at an early stage of the individual development of the fetus, during pregnancy, can manifest themselves in the form of abnormal sexual development, and the body of the uterus can have a pathological shape. That is, when there is a discharge, the uterus functions with violations, which leads to heavy bleeding and forms lumps.

Pathology of the cervix and uterine cavity.

1. Myoma of the uterus. A benign tumor or nodes disrupts the normal “removal” of the endometrium with the onset of the menstrual cycle. In such cases, there are strong periods, they contain large clots. Such bleeding with pieces occurs as a result of menstrual irregularities, and can occur both during the day and at night.
2. Hyperplasia of the endometrium of the uterus- the most common violation, while for menstruation there are many blood clots, including dark clots. May accompany diseases such as diabetes mellitus, increased body weight or hypertension.
3. Oncological pathologies of the cervix and uterine cavity. Through the obstructed movement of blood from the uterus and blood clotting in the uterine cavity, many clots form and the menses themselves are very painful. If you do not turn to a gynecologist in time, a woman develops a mass of “comorbid” diseases in protracted forms, which are manifested by constant bleeding.
4. The presence of cystic changes in the ovary. Gynecological diseases of the ovary associated with hormonal disorders. The process is painful, especially in the middle of the menstrual period, which manifests itself in the form of a sharp pain in the lower abdomen, a delay in the cycle and vaginal bleeding between menstruation.

Taking drugs to induce menstruation

It happens that a woman self-medicates with the use of drugs like Norkolut or Dufason, which are applicable during a delay in menstruation. The appearance of menstruation occurs with abundant discharge, which is associated with an insufficient amount of progesterone. When a woman has more estrogen in her body than progesterone, it stimulates the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) to grow, it grows and an imbalance occurs.

There is a lot of endometrium, there are relatively few vessels and the cells begin to die, the vessels are exposed and bleeding begins, which can be prolonged and profuse. This leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia.

Contraceptives and the intrauterine device

Oral contraceptives can cause short-term bleeding (for example, between pills). Intrauterine device (IUD). It can be gold, silver or ordinary polymer. In 7 out of 10 cases, it causes increased bleeding, as the body perceives the coil as a foreign body.

With discharge from the uterus, it goes along with clots. Some argue that such lumps appear in connection with monthly miscarriages, but this is a fundamentally erroneous assumption, since the contraceptive is inside the uterus. To prevent the sperm from getting on the way to the egg, which means it cannot fertilize it.

Accordingly, the theory of miscarriages is absolutely unfounded. Sometimes increased menstrual flow is associated with the individual reaction of the female body to a foreign body - a spiral.

Other (additional) reasons

When and under what discharge should you consult a gynecologist

Any clots should alert the woman. You can't just ignore them.

It is necessary to contact a gynecologist for an unscheduled examination if:

• The allocation does not stop within 7 days;
• Bleeding for all days does not decrease, and has reached an amount of more than 150-200 ml;
• If bleeding occurs "at the wrong time";
• You are planning a pregnancy and trying to conceive a child: here, clots may indicate egg rejection and a possible miscarriage;
• Allocations have a sharp unusual smell or clots of a very large size;
• The discharge is accompanied by severe pain, this may indicate infectious (inflammatory) processes or hormonal failure;
• There was shortness of breath, weakness, lethargy, tachycardia, blanching of the skin, which indicates a large blood loss.

Methods for the treatment of pathological processes during menstruation

If there are huge monthly blood losses, with the formation of clots, then it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment.

1. Conservative treatment- Its purpose is to replenish the body with iron. This is the use of vitamins and iron, both through food and medication, bed rest, especially during juvenile uterine bleeding and hormonal treatment.
2. Surgical treatment- is prescribed for complex cases, such as uterine fibroids, the presence of pathological endometrium, internal septum. Occurs by scraping or hysteroresectoscopy. In the most dangerous situations or in malignant pathologies, the uterus is removed.

Summing up

The most important thing to remember is that clots can be normal if the menses are painless, do not create additional discomfort, and there are no life disorders. And if there is concern or doubt, the presence of blood clots in the form of a liver or a painful condition - make an appointment with a doctor, undergo an examination to avoid diseases that are dangerous to health.

You need to undergo a gynecological examination, including ultrasound, to exclude any pathology of the uterus, to do a general blood test to determine a sufficient number of platelets. Further, drugs will be prescribed by the attending doctor that will increase blood clotting, normalize the hormonal background (depending on which disease is detected), and in complex malignant diseases, surgical intervention is performed.

But it is better for a woman to be regularly observed by a gynecologist in order to prevent pathology, and not get rid of her advanced form.

Video - traps for women. Painful menstruation

Read the article to find out about the reasons for causing heavy periods with clots. Perhaps the only right decision would be an immediate visit to the gynecologist.

Causes and treatment for menstruation with clots

If there are few clots, there is no reason to immediately sound the alarm and panic. During the menstrual cycle, the body gradually prepares for bearing the fetus. In the uterus, a layer of the placenta is formed, fixed on the walls. The placenta is necessary for the fetus if it is to be conceived: it is through the placenta that the developing child is supplied with oxygen and nutrients.

Together with menstruation, all neoplasms are removed from the uterus, so blood clots are obtained during menstruation. With their small number, there is no cause for alarm.

It does not hurt to contact a gynecologist if a woman has already had problems in the field of reproductive organs, and then many clots appeared in her period. Numerous dark red or brown lumps in heavy periods are a symptom of beginning endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a pathological growth of the endometrium of the uterus. Peeling off the walls of the uterus and vagina, the uterine endometrium looks like clots that come out with menstruation.

Remember what phenomena give out the development of endometriosis. If the clots in menstruation are accompanied by any of the following, go to the gynecologist. The doctor will determine why this is happening and advise what to do.

Symptoms of endometriosis:

• painful periods;
• temperature jump;
• fever with chills;
• unstable blood pressure;
• unusually long "critical days".

Endometriosis lengthens the menstrual cycle: instead of 3 or 4 days, “critical days” can stretch for a week and a half. Do not consider this ailment a trifling ailment: you run the risk of starting the disease and getting infertility or uterine cancer as a complication.

There may be other reasons that provoke the release of clots during menstruation. Most of these causes do not pose a threat to health.

Reasons for the release of clots without a threat to health:

• temporary irregularities in menstruation after childbirth;
• the reaction of the body to hormonal contraceptive;
• residual effects of gynecological diseases;
• unstable hormonal background with a sharp change in body weight;
• consequences of surgical operations in the genital cavities.

With an abortion, blood clots are possible during menstruation, similar to the liver. There is no danger of such clots.

If clots are noticed at the beginning or at the end of menstruation, you should not be afraid for your health. Worse, if large clots come out during all the “critical days” or even replace regular periods altogether, seek medical help. Perhaps the formation of clots is caused by some kind of infection or an ectopic pregnancy. Watch out if heavy bleeding occurs.

Clots also come out due to the occurrence of obstacles to the release of menstruation. Such an obstacle appears, for example, when the cervix is ​​bent.

If the examination reveals endometriosis, treatment with hormonal drugs or surgical excision of endometrial tissue during laparoscopy is prescribed. The best result is achieved by combined treatment. In advanced cases, it is necessary to remove the entire uterus.

profuse menstruation with clots

The duration, quantity, pain during menstruation depend on age, chronic diseases and many other factors. However, heavy menstruation with clots is not a normal phenomenon and is the first signal of the development of anomalies in the body.

Normal periods

Why are periods heavy?

• The specific structure of the uterus with partitions on the walls that delay the release of blood from the vagina.
• Pathology of the uterus with a rudimentary horn, bifurcation or excessive compaction.
• Hormonal anomalies, the causes of which are menopause, abortion, childbirth.
• Myoma of the uterus.
• Endometriosis.
• Bad habits, stress, chronic fatigue.
• Contraceptive abuse, etc.

Hormonal disbalance

Menopause

endometriosis

uterine fibroids

Causes of occurrence:

• irregular sex life;
• postoperative complications;
• heredity;
• concomitant diseases;
• physical inactivity.

After childbirth and abortion

Sometimes, in case of miscarriages, abortions, diseases, a woman is prescribed curettage - ordinary or separate. The first option is the simultaneous cleaning of the canals and the uterus, the second is the phased treatment of the walls of the uterus with the study of secretions.

After this procedure, the monthly cycle is also broken, and the discharge becomes abundant, with the presence of clots.

Only after a medical examination, it is possible to identify the cause of the appearance of heavy periods with clots and a course of rehabilitation therapy is prescribed. First of all, the specialist finds out the presence of possible tumors. The most effective methods for identifying the causes of anomalies in the cycle are laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.

When heavy periods occur without pathologies, doctors prescribe a course of taking ascorutin or calcium gluconate, which normalize the flow of menstruation.

If heavy periods occur due to hormonal changes, then prescribe restorative agents - gestagens.

With myoma, the main method of treatment is taking monophasic drugs. At the advanced stage, embolization, surgery, and even removal of the organ are used.

If the reason for the deviations is a lack of hemoglobin, drugs with a high iron content are prescribed.

With menopause, the cycle is normalized with the help of progesterone tablets.

The last menstruation is very different from the previous ones. There is a lot of blood this time, large clots scare me. I'll be at the doctor's in two days. I'm very worried! Is this normal, or do I have health problems?

Strong periods with blood clots can be caused by a number of factors that do not always indicate developing diseases. The duration of bleeding and the symptoms of menstruation depend on the individual characteristics of the female reproductive system. A significant influence on the nature of menstruation is exerted by the patient's lifestyle, her psycho-emotional background. The development of ailments, accompanied by abundant blood with clots, experts do not exclude. Hence the need for a medical examination of a woman “follows”.

Assessment of the situation

Abundant menstruation and blood clots in themselves cannot be regarded as a threat to a woman's health. The presence of bloody accumulations is normal in the absence of additional symptoms. Otherwise, it's time to sound the alarm.

When everything is normal

Every month, a woman's body prepares for the conception of a fetus. Under the action of hormones, the walls of the uterus grow, a thickened endometrium is formed, which in case of pregnancy becomes a nutrient medium for the child. If conception does not occur, the uterine walls exfoliate, the matter leaves the body. Conclusion: menstruation with clots is menstrual flow and particles of the endometrium, which was not useful in the current cycle.

Blood clots often accumulate in the uterus and coagulate when a woman sits or lies for a long time. In the vertical position of the body, the contents of the uterus come out. The described picture can be considered the norm.

When to beware and take action

Women during menstruation may experience a slight malaise (weakness, headache, lack of appetite, irritability, pain in the lower abdomen, lower back).

normal volume menstrual blood is 150-250 ml per month.

The patient should be alerted to situations when:

menses more profuse, like bleeding;

discharge accompanied by severe pain;

blood clots are too large;

profuse menstruation lasts more than 7 days.

These symptoms often indicate the presence of problems in the female body or are a consequence of physiological, external factors.

The reasons

The true causes of heavy menstruation with clots can only be identified by a doctor. The diagnosis is usually preceded by a gynecological examination, testing, ultrasound. Below are the most common "provocateurs".

Hormonal disbalance

The hormones progesterone and estrogen regulate the cycle. They prepare a woman's body for possible fertilization, participate in the process of removing blood and matter during menstruation. Imbalance of hormones - stress for the body, leading to late periods, heavy blood, clots, painful menstrual flow. Hormonal imbalance can lead to:

thyroid disease;

pathology of the adrenal glands;

problems with the brain, pituitary gland;

A similar picture "looms" during menopause, when the patient's body undergoes a global restructuring.

Abortion

Abortion, miscarriage or curettage of the uterine cavity lead to profuse blood and clots. Why is this happening? With abortion and "cleansing" we are talking about trauma to the uterus, which thus responds to outside interference. Sometimes blood clots indicate a partial cleansing of the embryo.

A woman may not know about her own pregnancy, since a spontaneous miscarriage occurs at the beginning of the cycle after several days of delay. It is in this case that we are talking about the abundance of bleeding. In any of the circumstances described, the patient is shown an ultrasound examination.

Postpartum and intrauterine device

After childbirth, lochia comes out of the uterus - abundant blood with clots. This is fine? - you ask. Yes! Such discharge can last 1-1.5 months. It is worth worrying only in case of fever, dizziness, loss of consciousness. A possible reason for this is the partial expulsion of the placenta during childbirth.

In the postpartum period, one should not complain about an irregular cycle, prolonged, scanty or painful periods. After six months, everything will be fine.

Women who use an intrauterine device as contraception often complain of heavy menstruation with blood clots. If we are talking about the first few months after the installation of the product, there is no reason to worry. When the body adapts to a foreign body, menstruation will return to normal.

Diseases and pathological conditions of the patient are capable of causing heavy menstruation. These include infections, SARS, polyps, endometriosis, uterine myoma.

What to do

What to do with heavy menstruation with clots? Depending on the specific case, the direction of treatment may be as follows:

Reception of ascorutin and calcium gluconate in order to normalize the cycle in the absence of pathologies.

Taking gestagens (with hormonal failure).

Therapy with monophasic drugs (for myoma).

Treatment with iron-containing drugs (in the case of anemia).

Reception of progesterone tablets (with menopause).

How to stop the bleeding if there is no opportunity to visit a doctor in the near future? The first option of therapeutic treatment will come to your aid, which consists in taking askarutin and calcium gluconate. Nettle leaf tea can be used as an aid.

Thus, abundant menstrual flow with blood clots can be considered normal if the amount of blood released does not exceed the norm and there are no additional alarming symptoms.

Other cases should be discussed in the gynecologist's office.