What does double kidney mean. Kidney duplication is a common congenital pathology.

The kidneys are a paired organ, there are cases when a person has one single congenital kidney. What is a duplication of a kidney? How often does such an anomaly occur, what are its signs?

One of the most common anomalies of the urinary system is a double kidney.. Usually only one of the kidneys doubles, its size begins to exceed the size of a normal human organ, and often it is divided into lobules. Usually, the upper and lower lobes of the doubled organ are isolated, which are separated by a parenchymal septum. The bottom half is usually larger than the top half. Although these two lobes make up one whole, albeit doubled, each of these parts has a separate ureter. They pass each separately and end with their own mouth in the bladder itself. Sometimes one of the channels of the ureter flows into another channel. Because of this, two independent kidneys are obtained, instead of one.

In case of incomplete duplication, the pyelocaliceal (cavitary) system is only one for that proportion of the doubled kidney, which is larger in size. Even in a bifurcated kidney, lobulation may be visible, and blood is supplied to it through 2 separate renal arteries, although in normal development the blood supply is carried out through one renal artery.

Such a bifurcation of the kidney in a child is the most common congenital abnormality of the urinary system.. Although this anomaly is not life-threatening, it is often the root cause of many other diseases. In general, doubling of this organ is one of the most common diagnoses of kidney anomalies - 10.4%. According to statistics, it occurs 2 times more often in women than in men. It happens unilateral - 89% of cases or bilateral - 11%.

Anomaly Diagnosis

Could it be that such a deviation from the norm will go unnoticed in an adult? If no examination was carried out in a newborn, then doubling in adults is diagnosed, as a rule, only after some inflammatory process has begun. Sometimes this pathology is discovered by chance, during an ultrasound examination of another organ that is located next to the kidney.

Diagnosis of this anomaly occurs with the help of cystoscopy (during this examination, three orifices of the ureter are visible instead of two). Another of the examinations that can detect the presence of a double kidney is excretory urography (an enlarged kidney is visible here, as well as a third pelvis and an extra ureter), as well as ultrasound.

If the ultrasound showed a deviation from the norm during the examination, the doctor also prescribes other examination methods to confirm the diagnosis. When cystoscopy shows three ureters, the diagnosis is confirmed. To determine the size of the enlarged kidney, the presence or absence of the third renal pelvis and the third ureter, the doctor prescribes excretory urography.

Without such an examination, in the absence of side diseases and inflammation, the doubling of the kidney does not manifest itself in any way, therefore, such anomalies do not pose any problems.

According to the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision, this anomaly belongs to congenital anomalies (malformation) of the urinary system and has an ICD code 10 - Q60-Q64.

Causes of a double kidney

A double kidney is usually a congenital pathology; according to statistics, girls are more likely to have such a kidney. The development of such an anomaly begins in a child in the womb. In humans, the causes of the appearance of such an anomaly are the most diverse:

Radiation exposure in the womb. This is possible if the parent's work throughout the pregnancy was at an enterprise where the production process is associated with radiation;
Inherited predisposition. This is possible if both parents had double kidneys, so the chance of getting such an anomaly grows;
Poisoning with drugs, including hormonal;
Bad habits (abuse of alcohol, drugs, smoking, etc.);
Frequent beriberi during pregnancy. In some regions, due to a lack of fruits and vegetables, a lack of vitamins is possible, especially this clearly affects a woman during pregnancy.

Of course, these are just some of the reasons for the appearance of such an anomaly in a child. But some of the indicated causes of this congenital anomaly can be completely excluded for the health of the unborn baby.

Types of duplication of the kidney

There are two types of bifurcations - they recognize complete and incomplete doubling of the kidney. Such an anomaly may appear on one side (right or left) or on both sides simultaneously. In the second case, we are talking about a bilateral pathology of the number of kidneys - they, in fact, become four.

With complete doubling of the kidneys, each of them has its own pelvicalyceal system and ureter. An accessory ureter may be separate and empty into the bladder (this is called complete duplication of the ureters) or merge with another, thereby forming one trunk and ending with one mouth in the bladder (incomplete duplication of the ureters).

Most often, the upper part of the kidney is underdeveloped, rarely, when both parts are fully developed or the lower part is more underdeveloped. The underdeveloped part of the double kidney in its morphological structure is similar to kidney dysplasia.

The presence of parenchymal renal dysplasia and impaired urodynamics due to splitting of the ureter create prerequisites for the occurrence of various diseases in such a kidney.

What else you need to know about doubling the kidney

With a longitudinal section of the kidney, you can see that the organ itself is represented, as it were, by two lamellar layers (duplicature), which differ in color. The upper layer is lighter - cortical, the inner (brain) - darker. They mutually penetrate each other. Parts of the inner layer in the cortex are called "pyramids", and parts of the cortical layer form between them, the so-called "pillars of Bertin". The wide side of these pyramids are turned to the outer layer, and the narrow side - to the inner space. If we take one pyramid with an adjacent cortical layer, then we get the renal lobe.

In infants and up to the age of 2-3 years, the cortical layer is not yet so developed, so the lobules are well defined, i.e. kidney is dicotyledonous. In adults, this lobulation almost disappears.

The parenchyma performs an important function in the body - it controls the level of electrolytes, cleanses the blood. If a parenchymal constriction (bridge) is diagnosed on ultrasound, which divides the organ into two parts, causing incomplete doubling of the kidney, then this can be considered a variant of the norm.

Sometimes doubling of the kidney is accompanied by other anomalies in the development of this organ. For example, the development of kidney dystopia occurs when the organ is not in its place. The movement or development of such an abnormal case may be due to duplication of the kidney.

Variants of the anomalous location are as follows:

At the level of the small pelvis;
In the iliac region;
Lumbar region;
Intrathoracic location.

The renal pelvis is a hollow funnel-shaped organ, the main purpose of which is the collection and excretion of secondary urine. The pelvis originates from the renal calyces, with which it connects with a narrow neck, then it passes into the ureter. The volume of the cavity is about 8 ml and may change throughout life.

The shape and size of the organ is affected by inflammatory processes, stone formation, and tumors. With blockage of the urinary tract, congestion begins, which leads to the expansion of the pelvicalyceal system (abbreviated as PCS).

Features of the structure of the body

CHLS is a storage system of the renal parenchyma and consists of large and small calyces, pelvis. The inner shell of the pelvis is lined with a two-layer epithelium, represented by basal and transitional cells. Transitional cells may change as the pelvis fills up. Among them are:

oval;
pear-shaped;
caudate;
spindle-shaped.

Differentiation of the type of epithelial cells entering the urine is necessary in order to establish the degree of presence of inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system.

The wall of the sinus is formed by smooth muscle fibers running in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

This structure provides peristaltic contraction of the PCS and the promotion of urine into the lower parts of the urinary system. If necessary, the walls are able to expand, which protects them from mechanical damage, for example, when gases pass along with the urine.

Volume

In terms of volume, the pelvis undergoes changes during life along with the growth of the kidneys. The size of the organ can also change due to various pathologies, such as tumors, inflammation, stone formation.

The dimensions of the extrarenal part of the organ are always larger than the intrarenal. On average, the capacity of the pyelocaliceal system of an adult is about 5-8 ml. In preschoolers - up to 2 ml, school-age children - 3-5 ml.

The dimensions of the pelvis

The renal pelvis in an adult is 8-10 mm in size, however, the parameter changes during pregnancy due to the fact that the enlarged uterus puts pressure on the urinary tract. In expectant mothers, a volume of 17-27 mm is considered a normal indicator. This increase occurs as a result of pressure exerted on the ureters by the uterus, as a result of which the outflow of urine is difficult.

An increase in the pelvis in all other cases may indicate the following pathologies:

the presence of tumor processes in the kidneys, creating pressure on the organs of the urinary system;
the formation of stones inside the body;
all kinds of kinks and other anomalies in the development and structure of the kidneys.

The study of the renal pelvis in the prenatal period is carried out at 17-20 weeks up to the 32nd. During this period, it is already visualized and has a size of about 4-5 mm. Even before the birth of the baby, the doctor will see an anomaly in the structure with the help of ultrasound and will definitely warn future parents about this. The defining diagnostic feature in the study is the absence of changes in the pelvis before and after urination. The size of the organ in the fetus, starting from the 36th week, as well as in the newborn, is no more than 7 mm.

Urine is a rather aggressive medium and, under certain conditions, could damage the internal walls. However, the structure of the renal pelvis is such that the accumulated fluid cannot penetrate beyond the organ.

CHLS is a single structure, therefore, if one department is damaged, the function of another inevitably suffers.

Compaction of PCLS of the kidneys and their etiology

The occurrence of seals in the pelvicalyceal system is an unpleasant sign detected during the ultrasound procedure. It may indicate the onset or active development of pathology in the renal tissues. The causes of the density of the walls of the ChLS can be very diverse, but the inflammatory process of the renal tissues is the basis - a chronic form of pyelonephritis. In addition to seals directly, the doctor can also detect:

kidney, reduced in size;
heterogeneous contours of the body;
the presence of deformation or dilatation of the PCS.

In addition to pyelonephritis, this diagnostic feature can also occur with:

vesicoureteral reflux;
stone formation;
calicoectasia
other diseases of the urinary system.

Thus, compaction is not a separate pathology, but a diagnostic feature that indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the organ. The scheme for the development of inflammation of the pyelocaliceal system is approximately as follows:

Pathogenic microorganisms that enter the mucosa of the PCS produce the production of their metabolic products of a toxic nature. In cases where the protective mechanisms of epithelial cells are able to independently eliminate the problem, further development of inflammation does not occur. However, if the body has not been able to cope with toxins on its own, the first stage of the inflammatory process called alteration starts. There is a death of epithelial cells with subsequent deformation of the mucous membrane.
The second stage is characterized by the active struggle of cells of the immune system and leukocytes with the damaged area. This stage is called exudation. The blood flow to the affected area increases, as a result of which the pelvis and calyces become very edematous. It is this edema that will be clearly visible on ultrasound as a clear sign of compaction of the renal tissues.
During proliferation (the third stage), the renal structures become even more dense due to the rapid division of the epithelium. Connective tissue replaces damaged areas, which leads to organ sclerosis.

If the seals that have arisen are not diagnosed in time and appropriate measures are not taken, this can lead to a number of pathologies up to the complete death of the kidney.

Pathologies of the pelvicalyceal system

The causes of pathological processes can be both endogenous and exogenous in nature. To eliminate them, it is necessary to find out the root cause of the deviation. So, in the case of congenital pathology, the patient, as a rule, is shown surgery. In all other cases, symptomatic drug treatment may be sufficient.

Therapeutic measures in this case will consist in stopping the inflammatory processes and preventing pathogens from entering the urine. In addition, it will be necessary to limit fluid intake and stop using diuretics.

Anomalies of development

Congenital anomalies of CHLS include those that are detected in the prenatal period or immediately after the birth of a child.
These include:

doubling of the calyx, pelvis and ureter;
stricture (narrowing), sometimes there is a complete infection of the lumen of the urinary organs;
ectopia - abnormal location;
dilatation - expansion of the sinuses; occurs due to stenosis or kinking of the ureter.

Doubling of NPV

Doubling of the pyelocaliceal system is an anomaly that can be detected in the first months of a child's life. More common in girls than boys. Doubling is complete and incomplete. When full, 2 pelvises come out of one kidney, each of which opens with a separate mouth into the bladder. Incomplete duplication - the split pelvis in a certain place is connected to one ureter and in this form reaches the end point.

Incomplete splitting of the renal pelvis is quite common and is not considered an anomaly dangerous to health. In the absence of inflammation, the anomaly may not manifest itself throughout life.

However, such an anatomical disorder makes a person vulnerable to infection if certain predisposing conditions are present.

This congenital defect develops under the influence of adverse factors during pregnancy: ionizing radiation, viruses, toxic substances, drugs, nicotine, alcohol, hormones. Modern medicine has the ability to detect a deviation at the 20th week of pregnancy.

You can diagnose strictures and fusions using:

excretory or survey urography;
laboratory tests;
catheterization;
urocystoscopy.

The tactics of treatment will depend entirely on the cause of the pathological process. So, in the case of urolithiasis, drug therapy is indicated (urological drugs, antispasmodics, analgesics).

In the case of infectious and inflammatory processes, antibiotics are additionally prescribed. Congenital anomalies are eliminated by surgical intervention (endoscopy, laparoscopy).

Ectopia

The medical name for this pathology is renal organ dystopia. So, it can have a diverse location in the abdominal cavity. Depending on the clinical picture and severity, the anomaly requires emergency treatment.

There are both unilateral and bilateral anomalies. In addition, depending on the location, lumbar, pelvic and iliac pathology can be distinguished.

Ectopia (abnormal location) of the mouth of the ureter is more common in girls and women than in boys and men. Basically, an ectopic character for the urethra, less often located in the vagina.

Ectopia, as a rule, is accompanied by a double ureter. The main symptom of deviation is persistent urinary incontinence discharged from an ectopic ureter.

A kidney with such an anomaly is at risk of infection and the development of hydronephrotic transformation, pyelonephritis, and pyeloectasia.

In case of ineffectiveness of drug treatment, surgical intervention is indicated:

ureterocystoanastomosis (when kidney function is not affected);
ureteroureteroanastomosis (when the ureter is doubled);
nephroureterectomy (in advanced cases of hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis).

Expansion (dilation)

Dilatation of the renal pelvis is an abnormal expansion of the organ. This pathology in most cases is congenital and most likely resolves on its own in children under one year old. 20-25% of all cases require medical treatment, and only 3-5% of patients require surgery.

The initial stage of the disease is called pyelectasis and is diagnosed in the prenatal period. In boys, dilatation of the renal pelvis occurs 3-5 times more often, however, by six months, its lumen decreases to normal values. If an expansion of more than 10 mm is detected in a girl, this indicates a pathological deviation.

Pyelectasis develops when there is an obstruction to the movement of urine down the excretory tract. Fluid stasis leads to expansion of the renal pelvis. The shape of the organ also changes: it becomes spherical.

Possible reasons:

bending of the ureter, which occurred in children against the background of narrowing of its lumen or improper location (ectopia) of the kidney;
urethral valves in boys;
anomalies in the structure of the kidneys.

In the initial period, only the pelvis of the kidney is subject to dilatation. The progression of pyelectasis occurs gradually, at a slow pace and without severe symptoms. The patient may have signs of an underlying disease that caused the expansion of the system.

Dilation causes various complications:

inflammation of the entire CHLS and the subsequent development of pyelitis, pyelonephritis, cystitis;
ureterocele - a spherical expansion of the bladder in the place where the ureter flows into it;
vesicoureteral reflux - throwing urine in the opposite direction, that is, from the bladder, urine enters the ureter and kidney tissue;
hydronephrosis is a serious disease that ends with chronic renal failure.

Often, anomalies in the structure of the fetus appear in cases where a woman suffered pyelonephritis during pregnancy or had a renal pathology before conception.

Treatment is carried out taking into account the root cause of the pathology. So, in the presence of stones, both special preparations for their elimination and surgical interventions, more often endoscopy, can be prescribed.

The lack of proper therapy will lead to an even greater difficulty in the outflow of urine and the functioning of the kidneys in general, and may contribute to the development of inflammatory processes up to sclerosis of the renal tissues.

Pyelitis

Inflammation of the pelvis is called pyelitis. This disease is more common in girls of preschool age, pregnant women and men who have undergone adenectomy.

The infection enters the pelvis as follows:

ascending path from the ureter and bladder;
by contact (from the anus);
along with blood flow from other organs.

In adults, the cause of inflammation is most often E. coli, which enters the urinary organs from the rectum. Among children, enterococci are more common, as the likely culprits of the disease. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the renal pelvis, while the interstitial tissue and nephrons of the kidneys are not affected.

Pyelitis develops:

after flu and viral infection;
with hypothermia of the body;
against the background of alcoholism and drug addiction;
with adynamia;
after an intestinal infection;
in case of chronic foci - adnexitis, caries, tonsillitis;
with congenital anomalies of the urinary system.

The main signs of the disease:

fast start;
high fever with chills;
lower back pain;
intoxication of the body;
excretion of cloudy urine with flakes.

Treatment consists of antibacterial drugs, uroseptics, antispasmodics. Patients are shown an enhanced drinking regimen.

hydronephrosis

The disease is characterized by extensive damage to the entire PCS and pathological changes in the tissues of the kidneys. Pyelectasis is considered as the initial stage of the process, in the future, chronic stagnation of urine leads to an increase in the size of the kidney and the formation of hydronephrosis. The changed pelvis puts pressure on the nephrons, pushing them to the periphery. Kidney cells die, and the parenchyma is replaced by connective tissue.

The result of the process is a decrease in the cortical and medulla, sclerosis, wrinkling of the kidney.

The following pathological changes contribute to hydronephrosis in adults:

urolithiasis (when stones clog the pelvis and calyces);
tumors of the ureter, which compress the channel and prevent the excretion of urine;
vesicoureteral reflux;
chronic inflammatory processes;
spinal cord injuries leading to disruption of the innervation of the urinary tract.

Symptoms of hydronephrosis in the early stages are absent. In the future, patients complain about:

renal colic;
pain in the lower back of a dull, aching character;
excretion of urine with blood;
difficulty urinating;
high blood pressure;
flatulence;
fever (in case of infection).

Treatment is carried out mainly by surgical methods. If stones are the cause of the disease, they resort to lithotripsy - crushing formations with a laser or ultrasound. In cases where hydronephrosis of both kidneys is diagnosed, treatment is carried out by conservative methods. Antibacterial therapy is necessarily used, since the disease is often accompanied by inflammation.

Hydronephrosis is dangerous for its complications. If too much urine accumulates, the kidney may rupture with fluid entering the retroperitoneal space and developing uremia.

Violation of tissue function is fraught with the accumulation of toxic metabolic products, which happens with renal failure.

Tumors

Isolated tumor processes in the pelvis and kidneys are rare. The epithelium lining the inner wall is affected, and transitional cell adenocarcinoma originates from it.

For a long time, oncological disease masquerades as pyelonephritis. Symptoms appear only when the tumor grows inside the pelvic wall. The main sign of malignant degeneration is blood in the urine. Pain also appears, the patient loses weight, his appetite decreases, nausea and constant weakness bother him.

The doctor can identify the formation during a palpation examination. In addition, you will need to pass a urine test and do an ultrasound to accurately detect the seal. Computed tomography is also mandatory. The treatment is carried out surgically: the pelvis, kidneys, ureter, part of the bladder are removed.

Pelvic and peripelvic cysts

Cysts of the renal pelvis are quite rare and are located in its lumen in the form of an oblong tissue filled with fluid. The formation of a cyst can cause difficulty urinating and further development of urinary tract infections.

The etiology of their appearance is not completely clear, however, it is assumed that both hereditary factors and the consequences of various renal pathologies take place. The disease can be asymptomatic, so timely diagnosis of cysts is very difficult. However, over time, you may experience:

frequent urge to urinate;
pain when urinating;
joint or muscle pain;
drawing pains in the lumbar region and sacrum;
general malaise.

For the diagnosis of cysts it is necessary:

pass a general analysis of urine and blood;
undergo ultrasound, CT and X-ray.

A benign formation may not require surgical intervention, planned observation will be sufficient, however, in case of its complications, an operation is usually indicated.

Diagnosis of pathologies and possible symptoms

If you suspect the occurrence of pathological processes in the PCS, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive diagnosis. These may include the following activities:

Ultrasound of the kidneys in general and ChLS in particular;
general and clinical analyzes of urine and blood;
cystography;
cystoscopy;
cystometry;
x-ray with contrast;
excretory urography.

Pay attention to the following signs:

Drawing pains radiating to the groin and pubic region.
Changes in urine - turbidity, the appearance of blood, flakes.
Frequent urination with cutting.
Difficulty passing urine, combined with distension in the suprapubic region.

If during the diagnostic measures a seal was found, do not immediately panic. The doctor will evaluate not only this indicator, but will also take into account the location of the organ, the smoothness of the contours, its boundaries, the presence or absence of deformation.

The appearance of any of the above symptoms is the basis for a visit to a urologist. And although the renal pelvis is small in size, its defeat can negatively affect the entire urinary system, leading to severe complications.

Now quite often there is such a thing as incomplete doubling of the kidney. This term describes one of the forms of abnormal development of one of the organs of the pyelocaliceal system of the urinary tract. Doctors do not consider this a disease, since it does not have pronounced symptoms, but such a pathology makes the patient quite vulnerable and prone to various inflammatory diseases that have chronic features.

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General information

The abnormal structure of the kidneys is laid in the prenatal period. According to statistics, one in 150 newborns has a double organ. In the risk group for the development of the disease - girls, in boys the diagnosis is confirmed 2 times less often. Doubling on the one hand occurs in 89% of cases, and for unclear reasons, doubling of the right kidney is more often diagnosed. Anomaly on both sides occurs in 11% of cases.

Visually, a duplicated organ differs from a healthy one and looks like two kidneys fused at the poles, each with its own blood supply. Despite the irregular structure, the doubled organ performs the main functions of purifying the blood and removing harmful substances from the body.

Classification

In addition to one- and two-sided doubling, pathology is classified according to the forms:

complete doubling - a kind of abnormal kidney, in which the organ is presented in the form of 2 independent structures connected into one; from an anatomical position, the structure of the kidney with complete doubling is organized, as in 2 separate organs - both elements have their own blood supply system, the presence of a doubling of the renal PCS (pelvicalyceal system) is characteristic;
incomplete doubling of the kidney - a kind of anomaly, when one renal element integrates into the tissues of another; a characteristic feature of this form is associated with the presence of a single PCS; with incomplete doubling, the organ greatly increases in size; incomplete doubling of the left kidney is more often diagnosed.

Pathogenesis

In medicine, there is no exact information about the causes of the onset of the disease. Equally important is the hereditary factor - if one of the parents or other close relatives has a diagnosis, the likelihood of an anomaly increases. Another significant reason is associated with the impact on the female body during pregnancy of negative factors in the form of:

ionizing radiation;
work in hazardous conditions;
transferred bacterial and viral infections;
drug intoxication, poisoning with poisons;
taking hormonal drugs;
alcohol and nicotine intake;
severe forms of hypovitaminosis.

As a result, two foci of kidney growth appear in the developing embryo, and conditions are created for the development of 2 PCS. Complete separation of the PCS does not occur, the doubled kidney is covered with a common fibrous layer. Occasionally, in an abnormal organ, the vessels intertwine, penetrating from one element to another, which complicates the possibility of future operations.

Symptoms

People with kidney duplication usually don't have negative symptoms. Confirmation of the diagnosis occurs by chance, during an examination for other diseases. Negative symptoms become clinically significant only with the imposition of complications. With full doubling, the complications are more serious than with incomplete doubling. In both cases, with a long course of anomalies, there are:

frequent inflammatory processes prone to recurrent course;
hydronephrosis - a condition in which the renal pelvis expands and the excretion of urine is disturbed;
backflow of urine from the ureters.

Additionally, the presence of anomalies may indicate:

aching pain in the lumbar region;
pain when tapping the lower back;
rise in temperature;
attacks of renal colic;
difficulty urinating;
urinary incontinence;
weakness;
increased blood pressure;
swelling of the face and limbs.

Survey Tactics

To confirm the diagnosis, instrumental studies are organized:

echography with color Doppler mapping - a method that allows you to identify the presence and assess the condition of independent PCS;
cystoscopy - necessary to visualize the mouths of the ureters, their number and localization;
excretory urography - a method that allows you to assess the condition of the ureters, the presence of expansions and doublings of the PCS;
MRI - will allow you to reliably examine the pelvicalyceal system in a three-dimensional projection.

Laboratory diagnostics is carried out to identify inflammatory processes in the urinary organs and evaluate the effectiveness of their work. For this apply:

general urine analysis;
bacteriological culture;
biochemical blood test with the determination of the concentration of creatinine, urea, albumin, uric acid, ions (potassium, chlorine, sodium);
smear from the urethra for bacanalysis.

Treatment

There are no specific methods of treating pathology. But patients with duplication of the organ are subject to systematic observation and examination to monitor the functioning of the renal system. For prophylactic purposes, diuretics and phytopreparations are prescribed. With the development of complications, therapy is symptomatic:

taking broad-spectrum antibiotics;
antispasmodic and analgesic drugs;
a balanced diet with limited salt, fat;
taking special kidney teas.

Surgical intervention for anomalies of the renal system is performed for a number of indications:

chronic recurrent pyelonephritis;
vesicoureteral reflux;
functional or anatomical destruction of an organ and its segments.

Types of surgical interventions:

nephrectomy - excision of the affected renal segments; when complications are imposed in the form of a tumor, the impossibility of separating the kidneys, a complete nephrectomy is performed;
anti-reflux operation - the creation of artificial gaps for the free flow of urine;
excision of the ureterocele with interrupted sutures and suturing of the ureters to the walls of the bladder;
kidney transplantation, hemodialysis are indicated in the event of acute kidney failure against the background of doubling.

The course of pregnancy in pathology

A woman with a doubling of the kidney can become a mother - pathology is not a contraindication to pregnancy. The only contraindication is the severe course of the anomaly with the need for surgical intervention, or the renal failure that has arisen against the background of doubling. Preparation for pregnancy should be thorough, with a comprehensive examination and treatment (if necessary) of detected foci of infection.

A possible risk for a pregnant woman is associated with squeezing by the growing uterus of an abnormal kidney and a violation of its filtering ability. Therefore, a woman throughout the entire gestation period should be observed not only by a gynecologist and therapist, but also by a nephrologist (at least once every 2 months). If complications from the renal system appear, the pregnant woman is subject to hospitalization in the urological department to correct the condition.

Preventive measures

There are no specific preventive measures, which is associated with the mechanism of the formation of anomalies at the genetic level. A responsible approach to pregnancy planning and a healthy lifestyle for the expectant mother can reduce the likelihood of developing pathology. Proper nutrition, taking multivitamin complexes, following medical recommendations allows you to maintain your own health and ensure adequate organ formation in the fetus.

Persons with a confirmed diagnosis of "kidney doubling" should follow elementary preventive measures:

optimal drinking regime, no more than 1.5 liters of fluid per day;
rational nutrition with restriction of salty, bitter, spicy foods;
moderate physical activity;
hardening;
avoidance of hypothermia.

An adult, when an anomaly of CHLS is detected, should stop drinking alcohol and smoking - alcohol and nicotine negatively affect the renal system, undermining its work.

Doubling of the kidney is an anomaly in which negative manifestations may be absent throughout life. It is important to understand that an ailment can become a prerequisite for the development of other, more serious diseases. With a responsible attitude to health, the life expectancy of persons with a double kidney is identical to that of healthy people.

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Doubling of the kidneys. What it is?

The kidneys in the human body are represented by a paired organ. They perform the function of removing toxins from the body. Everyone knows about it. But not everyone has heard that there is a doubling of the kidney. What it is? This is the division of an organ into two halves, fused together by poles. Each part has its own blood supply system. Outwardly, such a kidney is much larger in size. The development of pathology occurs during fetal development.

Doubling of the kidneys in children is the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary system. The altered kidney does not pose a danger to human life, but is often the cause of other diseases.

Structure of the renal pelvis

This funnel-shaped structure is formed by the fusion of the large and small calyxes of the kidney. It is in the pelvis that urine accumulates. The surface of the inner part of the pelvis is covered with a mucous membrane. In the wall of the pelvis there are fibers that make peristaltic contractions, as a result of which urine flows down the urinary tract.

Due to the impermeability of the walls of the pelvis and ureters, the liquid with substances dissolved in it never enters the peritoneal cavity, but always remains within the urinary system.

Complete doubling of the kidneys

Sometimes a person is diagnosed with a complete doubling of the kidney. What it is? This is an abnormal phenomenon when the kidney is divided into two parts by a groove. The upper and lower lobules stand out, and the upper one is most often underdeveloped and smaller in size. Each of them has its own artery and its own renal pelvis, which is usually underdeveloped in the upper half. There are also own ureters. Each goes separately and ends in the bladder with its mouth. Perhaps the confluence of one ureter into another.

So, instead of one, there are two separate kidneys. In itself, the complete doubling of the kidney does not bother a person, so it does not need to be treated. But it leads to other diseases.

Problems that occur when a kidney is duplicated

Often, some kind of disease can begin to develop in one half of a doubled organ. Complete doubling of the kidney can provoke pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, nephrosis, polycystic. It happens that the mouth does not flow into the ureter, but into some other organ. They can be the rectum, cervix, vagina. In this case, a person may feel like urine is constantly leaking from the ureter.

This pathology is observed when a person has one large kidney with clearly defined upper and lower sections. Each of them has its own renal artery. H, each part of the doubled organ does not have its own pyelocaliceal system, they have one for two departments. There are two ureters, but they are interconnected and flow into the bladder as a single trunk, as one.

In medical practice, cases have been recorded when incomplete doubling of the left kidney is more often observed, and not the right one. Most people with such an anomaly live until old age, unaware of its existence. Incomplete doubling of the kidney does not cause inflammatory processes in the organ.

Causes of duplication of the kidney

If the pathology does not manifest itself in any way, what happens when a person has an incomplete doubling of the left kidney or the right one - it doesn’t matter, you may not know about the abnormal development of this organ. It is discovered by chance, during an ultrasound examination of some other organ located next to the kidney. Doctors often diagnose doubling of the kidney in a newborn baby. The reasons for this phenomenon can be very different. Let's consider some of them:

Radioactive exposure of the fetus in the womb, if her labor activity takes place during the entire period of pregnancy at an enterprise whose production cycle is associated with exposure.
Hereditary predisposition if one or both parents have a duplication of the kidney. What it is is described above in this article.
Poisoning with drugs during childbearing, including hormonal ones.

The presence of bad habits in a pregnant woman: alcohol abuse, drugs, etc.
Often and regularly manifested beriberi during pregnancy. There are many places on our planet where vegetables and fruits do not grow due to harsh climatic conditions. But even there women live and give birth to children. So the expectant mother suffers from a lack of vitamins and minerals. Well, if everything works out, and the child does not have such a disease as a doubling of the kidney. Of course, there may be other reasons, but this one can be excluded for the sake of the health of the unborn baby.

Diagnostics

If no examination was carried out when a person was a child, kidney doubling is diagnosed, as a rule, after an inflammatory disease of the organ begins or accidentally, during a preventive examination using diagnostic devices. First you need to do an ultrasound. If this is not enough, the doctor prescribes other methods.

When a person does not have pathology, then in his body there are only two mouths of the ureter: one for each kidney. If the doctor suspects a duplication of the kidney, the patient is assigned a cystoscopy. With its help, it is determined how many mouths the ureter has: if three, then the diagnosis of "doubling of the kidney" was confirmed. To determine the size of the enlarged kidney and to identify the presence or absence of the third renal pelvis and accessory ureter, the doctor prescribes excretory urography.

Symptoms

Doubling of the kidney does not manifest itself in any way. It does not need to be treated until it causes some other disease of this organ. Signs of duplication of the kidney are different. Usually inflammatory processes are characterized by:

An increase in temperature.
Weakness and swelling.
Nausea and vomiting.
Regular headaches.
An increase in pressure.
Cloudy urine.
Reverse flow of urine.
Discomfort and pain in the lumbar region.
Urinary incontinence.
Discomfort when urinating.
Renal colic.
The occurrence of infection in the urinary tract.

Whether all the symptoms appear at once or each separately, will depend on the disease.

Treatment

Doubling of the kidneys is characterized by complete or incomplete division of the organ into two parts. If it doesn't bother the person, nothing needs to be done. It is enough to lead a healthy lifestyle and regularly undergo preventive examinations. This pathology provokes inflammatory processes in the kidney when it completely doubles. Even in this case, there is no point in doing a complex operation to correct the defect. He throughout life can not cause trouble to a person.

Therapeutic treatment is usually used when diagnosing some serious disease, for example, pyelonephritis, if it was caused by this anomaly. When the disease becomes chronic and cannot be treated with conservative methods, then they resort to surgical intervention, which is aimed at correcting the cause that caused the complication. But they always try to save the kidney. It is removed only when it has completely lost its performance.

Prevention

If during the examination a doubling of the kidney was found, there is no need to panic. This diagnosis is not fatal. When the pathology of the organ does not bother, it will not affect the quality of life of a person. You need to take better care of your health:

Give up bad habits, if any: stop drinking, smoking, taking drugs.
Change your job if it involves poisonous chemicals.
Urgently switch to a properly balanced diet.
Strictly monitor the regime of work and rest.

If one of the relatives has a doubling of the kidney, what it is is known to the whole family. Therefore, when a woman from your family will bear a child, you need to treat this period with double attention. A child in the womb must develop, receiving the necessary vitamins. A woman is obliged to take care of her health and not take alcohol, drugs, medications that can cause poisoning of a child.

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Causes of the anomaly

Double PLS of the right kidney - what is it? Surprisingly, this question began to appear quite often. This is due to the spread of unusual pathology. Incomplete doubling or doubling of one of the kidneys is the first stage of such an anomaly. It can occur during the development and formation of the fetus in the womb.

Due to the influence of various factors on a pregnant woman or if parents have altered genes during the formation of the urinary system, specific abnormalities (doubling of the left kidney) may develop.

Among the factors affecting intrauterine development, several main ones can be distinguished:

various types of ionizing radiation;
lack of vitamins and essential minerals;
the use of certain drugs;
bad habits: alcohol and smoking.

The disease can develop in two directions:

the kidney has two pelvises, which are supplied by one artery;
the excretory organ is supplied with two arteries and one pelvis, while the arteries have separate outlets from the aorta.

Basic concepts of partial doubling and variety

Partial doubling of the kidney can be called one of the types of doubling of the organ. Its characteristic feature is the special structure of the urinary organ. These kidneys have several bifurcated vessels and parenchyma. But the pelvis itself is not subject to such bifurcation.

Thus, the organ consists of two sections, independent of each other, and the renal sinus is separated by a bridge created from the parenchyma. Such a non-standard division makes the kidney more enlarged in size.

Often, doctors do not classify this kidney disease as dangerous and do not make a special clinical conclusion about this. But when doubling the pyelocaliceal system and ureters, a dangerous situation arises for the patient. Therefore, to clarify the entire clinical picture, excretory type urography can be prescribed.

Today, thanks to the achievements of science and new technical equipment, cases of the appearance of certain pathological abnormalities have become known, one of which is the abnormal structure of the organ. Such a pathology can have both partial and complete doubling of the urinary system.

Externally, the organ looks like two kidneys connecting to each other. But the uniqueness of the structure lies in the fact that each of them has its own independent blood supply. Quite often, such pathologies develop on the one hand, but there are doublings on both sides.

Such a term as complete doubling of the kidney is characterized by the peculiarities of its structure. Outwardly, the anomaly has a special difference - instead of one kidney, there are two. If the pathological development occurred on the left side of the body, then such a person has a doubling of the PCLS of the organ. Despite the outwardly correct features of these organs, their structure has an abnormal structure.

With such a doubling of the left kidney, one of its areas will have an inferior structure of the pelvis. The kidneys will have their own ureter for each pelvis. It can be located in a very unusual way.

Clinically, the disease is not particularly manifested.

A person can live their whole life with a double kidney and not even know about their unique body.

In the case when a complete doubling of the right or left kidney has formed, a partial emptying of the abnormal organ occurs.

This can lead to various inflammatory processes that provoke serious disorders and the development of dangerous diseases. With such processes, complications appear:

various changes caused by inflammation;
from the ureters there may be a reverse outflow of secretions;
urine accumulates in the pelvis and is retained for a long time.

For example, when doubling the PCS on the left or right, the patient may experience a feeling of pain in the lower back with a characteristic manifestation in the side where there is abnormal development. In addition to the characteristic aching pain, other symptoms may predominate: fever, unexplained weakness, swelling.

The patient may also experience frequent colic in the kidney area, the pressure rises sharply, and there are problems with urination.

Doctors do not treat doubling of PCLS, because they do not consider it a disease. But in the event of inflammatory processes with complications, standard therapy is used, selecting the necessary antibiotics with an extended spectrum of action.

With such an anomaly, kidney stones can appear, which cause colic of varying degrees. Therefore, doctors can prescribe analgesics, herbal remedies and painkillers. If drug treatment fails or severe stages of hydronephrosis appear, surgical intervention is possible.

Quite often, people who are faced with this diagnosis for the first time think about doubling the kidney: what is it? How does a congenital anomaly of the body affect the state of health? What could be the reasons for the abnormal development of the genitourinary system? How to diagnose pathology and what to do next?

The presented anomaly of the kidney is one of the most common congenital disorders. The kidneys are vital. This anomaly is a dangerous manifestation that entails a lot of consequences and diseases, creating a lot of problems for a person.

Detection of the abnormality tends to occur in childhood and is more common in girls. As practice shows, doubling of the left kidney is a fairly common occurrence. Medical practice over many years of research has identified several possible congenital anomalies in the development of the kidneys. There is aplasia (absence of one kidney), doubling (one large kidney with a neighboring one growing on it), an additional or third kidney. Doctors have proven that they do not bring much harm to health, and people live a full and healthy life.

Varieties of pathology

A double kidney looks like two organs fused together, each of which has its own circulatory system. Such a manifestation can be only on one side, cases with bilateral bifurcation are extremely rare.

Doubling is complete and incomplete. Let's consider the types in more detail.

Incomplete duplication of the kidney looks like an enlarged organ, in which there are two sections - lower and upper. There are renal arteries in the departments, while the pelvicalyceal system (CLS) of the kidney remains unified. Two ureters are sometimes combined into one, forming a common duct. But there are cases when one ureter flows into the bladder, and the second - into the intestines or vagina. This creates a number of problems for the child (permanent, partial entry of feces into the vagina). Incomplete duplication of the left kidney is the most common disorder, and some people live with this disease for many years, unaware of their anomaly.

The complete doubling of this organ is characterized by two solid organs located in one place, instead of the usual one. In this case, the pyelocaliceal system of one of the kidneys will be underdeveloped. In this case, as with incomplete duplication, each system will have a separate ureter, each of which will flow into the bladder at different levels, that is, each of the systems will be able to independently filter urine.

The bifurcation of vital systems by nature is not considered a great tragedy. However, this feature increases the risk of various diseases of the renal system. For example, there may be problems with the genitourinary system, namely: the early development of urolithiasis, the appearance of stones and sand. In this case, inflammatory processes, such as pyelonephritis, can occur as a result of a common SARS. The consequences of bifurcation can lead to nephroptosis, tumors, hydronephrosis.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of duplication of the kidney:

frequent inflammation;
ejection of urine from the ureter into the bladder;
pain when urinating;
drawing pains with inflammation.

To better understand the problem, let's look at the symptoms and
other doubling of the kidney. These include the genetic factor. As you know, it is impossible to change the genetic predisposition. It often happens that absolutely healthy children are born to parents with genetic diseases. But there are times when one of the parents passes on a genetic disease to the child.

The mutagenic factor is one of the main causes of anomalies in children. It makes itself felt when the expectant mother misbehaves during pregnancy - she drinks alcohol, smokes, takes medications without consulting a doctor. The first 12 weeks affect the formation of a full-fledged fetus, so an accidental mistake can harm the baby for life. Alcohol abuse or smoking are among a number of chemical mutational causes. Ionizing radiation or X-rays can be considered a physical cause, so if you are planning a pregnancy, be careful about your health and the health of the unborn child.

Possible violations can be a lack of vitamins and minerals, infections of the mother, taking hormonal drugs.

Diagnosis of the disease

It is not difficult to diagnose such a manifestation as three kidneys in the body. Firstly, this can happen even in the mother's womb, when during pregnancy an ultrasound scan is done and all the internal organs of the baby are translucent to determine possible anomalies. Even if during the pregnancy of a woman with ultrasound this is not detected, then in childhood the problem will quickly manifest itself with the first inflammatory condition. In frequent cases, it is necessary to make an x-ray or ultrasound examination.

In many medical institutions, kidney disease is detected using ultrasound scanning, X-ray urography, and cystoscopy. With the help of cystoscopy it is possible to carry out a thorough and detailed examination of the bladder. For such a procedure, a cable or probe with an attached camera is used, through which the walls of the organs are examined.

There is another method. With its help, they study and take x-rays of the kidneys and urinary tract. An MRI scan can be performed to examine the inner layers of the kidneys.

Treatment methods

It is not necessary to treat such a feature in the body at all, since, having three kidneys in the body, you can absolutely not feel discomfort or other inconvenience. A trip to the doctor is necessary only when there is an inflammatory or other disease.

If a person often has exacerbated chronic kidney disease or other processes in which the third kidney can interfere, then surgeons may insist on its removal. However, such cases are rare, and they resort to surgical intervention extremely rarely, weighing well the possible risks. Any treatment of the genitourinary system necessarily includes a diet in which you can not eat anything fatty, salty, fried.

If the condition of the kidneys worsens with inflammation, a number of antibiotics are used, which are prescribed both in tablets and intramuscularly. For a child, the antibiotic is used in the form of syrup or intramuscularly, depending on the severity of the disease. Antispasmodic and pain medications are often prescribed, they relieve pain. You can also use herbal teas and infusions, herbal teas for brewing kidney tea.

Operations are performed when the body is unable to filter urine. They can remove the whole kidney or part of it. In addition, there is a tunneling of the ureteral channels for better urine conductivity.

The disease associated with duplication of the kidneys is often congenital in girls. How to deal with pregnancy with such an anomaly of the body? Before planning a child, it is necessary to take blood tests, urine tests, and conduct. And only after making sure that there is no inflammatory process in the kidneys and the body as a whole, you can start planning. If there is renal failure, then pregnancy is contraindicated, since the kidneys may not withstand such a load, which will provoke an attack that is difficult to stop and save the woman.

If a young girl is doing well with tests and pregnancy has occurred, then it is necessary to register as early as possible, since if there is a doubling, doctors need to carefully monitor your condition.

To maintain the body with a disease such as doubling of the kidneys, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, observing some rules:

Eat rationally, refuse fried and junk food.
Do not use alcohol and tobacco.
In case of malaise, you can not self-medicate.

If you have three kidneys, do not panic. Some people live with such a "kidney set" all their lives without even knowing it. Be healthy!

Had lesions of an inflammatory or other nature.

note

Often, such an anomaly does not affect the health and quality of life of the child in any way, many adults only in old age learn about such an anomaly of theirs, without noticing problems with the genitourinary system over the past years. Such a deviation often does not affect the functionality of the organ.

Doubling the kidney in a child: a definition of the concept

Relative to other malformations and anomalies, duplication of the kidney is the most common. According to statistics, girls with a double kidney predominate over boys, and unilateral lesions prevail over bilateral anomalies.

Modern doctors understand the term "doubling of the kidney" exclusively as a congenital defect. With it, a partial or complete doubling of the organ is formed on the one hand (less often - bilateral).

On average, the prevalence of anomalies is about 10% of all known malformations of the urinary system in children. It is noted in 1 case per 150 newborns, while unilateral defects account for up to 89%, and bilateral lesions - the remaining 11%.

Visually, it looks like two fused kidneys, in the region of one of their poles, and each of them has its own blood supply. The extra kidney is usually smaller than the normal one (although larger ones are possible). At the same time, the presence of an additional kidney does not form serious physical defects and inadequate functioning of the urinary system. However, such an anomaly can be combined with other malformations or predisposes to the formation of certain diseases throughout life.

If the abnormal kidney is larger than the normal one, additional vessels may be detected in it, the number of renal calyces or pelvis is increased. In some children, the kidney is almost completely duplicated, the ureter departs from each kidney, but one is somewhat worse developed.

Is kidney duplication dangerous for a child?

With the development of ultrasound, such an anomaly began to be detected in children, although it existed before. Many older people learn about the presence of such an anomaly, having lived a full life without any problems. Therefore, such a defect does not bring any physical inconvenience or developmental delays, and doctors often only observe children, recommending parents only complete care and nutrition control, and prevention of various lesions of the urinary tract. If any problems arise, medication may be prescribed according to the identified symptoms, prompt correction is required in exceptional cases.

Parents should not worry and panic about such a deviation, there are no special differences in the development of the baby, and it is only important to ensure that the kidneys are not overloaded and inflamed.

What are the reasons for such a defect?

Like many other malformations, kidney problems occur in utero, during the laying of organs and systems, and there can be many obvious influences in each specific case, as well as accompanying ones. Doctors cannot name the exact reason, but there are a number of factors that increase the risk of having children with anomalies of the genitourinary system:

Bad habits of parents and their impact on the fetus. This is especially true for the mother, but the effect on the father's body is also important. , taking alcohol and psychotropic drugs affects the correct laying of tissues and organs, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. In this regard, the rejection of such habits during the planning period eliminates at least some of the risk factors.
toxic compounds that enter the body in different ways. This is especially important when working in hazardous industries, contact with chemicals and poisons in everyday life.
high doses of radiation affecting fetal tissues. Especially dangerous are CT scans or frequent x-rays in the early stages of pregnancy. No less dangerous is radiation treatment of certain diseases shortly before pregnancy.
taking medications that have a teratogenic and embryotoxic effect. Such drugs pose the greatest danger during conception and up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. The decision to prescribe medication to pregnant women during this period is formed only by a doctor so as not to harm the fetus.
a sharp and pronounced deficiency of vitamins, mineral components, nutrients. Often this happens with a very poor nutrition of a woman, starvation and diets, both therapeutic and weight loss.
influence of heredity. Often there is a connection between the presence of a double kidney in parents or close relatives and its detection in a child. If both parents have a similar anomaly, the chances of getting it in a child increase significantly.

Structural features of a child's double kidney

As a result of the impact of all adverse factors, the formation of two areas of kidney growth at the same time can become, from which two separate pyelocaliceal systems are gradually formed, but the kidneys are not finally separated from each other, due to which the doubled kidney will be covered with a common fibrous capsule. For each kidney, the vessels will be separate, they depart from the aorta, or there will be one common arterial trunk, then divided into two isolated parts, eventually approaching each kidney separately.

In some cases, the arteries within the duplicated kidney can cross from one kidney to the other, which can then create certain difficulties if the abnormal extra kidney needs to be removed.

On ultrasound, the doubled kidney looks larger than the usual one, one part of it is more symmetrical and neat, while the second is more functionally active.

Important!

With an additional separate entry of the second ureter into the bladder, health prognosis is better, this reduces the risks of various complications of diseases.

Features of the classification of duplication of the kidney

According to the degree of bifurcation of the kidney, several variants of pathology can be distinguished. Based on the degree of formation of the pyelocaliceal system and kidney tissue:

complete doubling of the kidney when each organ will have its own ureter, pelvicalyceal apparatus, but they are parallel to one another and soldered together. Both kidneys are separate functioning organs.
incomplete (partial) doubling when only the parenchyma of the kidney and the region of the vascular system become doubled, while the pyelocaliceal system with the ureter is one.

Doubling is possible on the left or on the right, in extreme cases, doubling of both kidneys is possible.

A special variant of the defect is the doubling of the pelvicalyceal system with a single parenchyma and kidney capsule.

Kidney duplication in children: signs of a problem

The anomaly itself is typically asymptomatic, but the malformation predisposes to the formation of more frequent diseases of the urinary system as a whole. Usually, symptoms occur with the development of secondary (against the background of existing doubling) kidney lesions, but this does not happen in all children and not in all cases. Usually, the symptoms of various pathologies are already typical for adulthood, sometimes advanced.

If we talk about the symptoms in general, we can expect:

Inflammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary tract
Violation of urination in the pelvis (retention of urine in them)
Urinary disorders of various types, but usually without pain
Loss of urinary control if the abnormal ureter of the duplicate kidney fuses with the urethra or vagina
Development (salts in the urine in children, small stones)
Periods of development of puffiness
Episodes.

Often, all these symptoms are mild, appearing only periodically, with minor symptoms.

During the formation of the inflammatory process in the area of the doubled kidney, it can be typical:

prolonged painful nature
Appetite disorders, up to the complete refusal of food
Feverish reactions
Problems with psycho-emotional development, memory and information reproduction.

With the spread of microbes to the area of \u200b\u200bthe bladder and urethra, symptoms or join.

What complications are possible with doubling?

If this is a unilateral process, the double kidney rarely forms complications, and is found incidentally. If we are talking about a bilateral lesion, this condition is more dangerous. In addition, with incomplete duplication, the prognosis is also better than with complete duplication of the kidney. In children with doubling, pathologies such as:

- an inflammatory process of microbial origin, which involves inflammation of the pelvis and calyx of the kidney.
Possible formation , urinary retention in the kidney area, which leads to atrophic phenomena.
predisposition to when sand and small stones form first, which can block the ureters and lead to obstruction, which forms renal colic.
, if the pathogens penetrate through the blood or with the lymph flow and actively multiply in the renal tissue. For a long time, such a pathology may not manifest itself in any way.
Tumor processes in the accessory kidney, which is due to the fact that the kidney itself is an atypical formation for the body. For a long time, tumors also do not manifest themselves, malignant ones are more dangerous in terms of prognosis.
Development wandering kidney becomes one of the complications due to the greater mobility of the abnormal double kidney. The more the kidney goes down or shifts, the worse the prognosis.

What methods are determined?

Today, along with other countries, we use it in the first year of life to determine the work of the kidneys, so developmental anomalies are detected quickly and early. After detecting a doubling of the kidneys, a decision is made on the tactics of further observation or treatment. Usually, additional examinations are prescribed in the form of radiography with contrast, or, urography and duplex scanning of the renal vessels to determine the vessels of the kidneys are also indicated.

It is equally important to conduct a number of tests that reflect the functioning of the kidneys and the presence of infection. These include smears from the urethral canal and urine biochemistry. As the baby grows and develops, he undergoes examinations to assess kidney function in dynamics or control studies to determine the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

Techniques for the treatment of duplication of the kidneys

In the case of full functioning of the kidneys and the absence of secondary complications, there is no need for surgical or any other treatment. The child will periodically undergo preventive examinations with a doctor. You may only need to follow a diet that normalizes kidney function. It is important to exclude or reduce the amount of smoked, spicy and salty foods, sauces and marinades with salt and pepper, fried foods in the diet. These foods and dishes significantly affect the functioning of the kidneys.

With secondary complications, the child is treated according to the pathology, the decision to remove the additional kidney is made only if it is affected by the pathological process.

Alena Paretskaya, pediatrician, medical commentator