Pros and cons of children's braces. Pros and cons of braces. Description of the possibilities of systems. The high cost of orthodontic systems

Prosthetics of the front teeth is a complex and multi-stage process, a great responsibility and painstaking work for the dentist, orthodontist and laboratory. What crowns do dentists recommend for front teeth?

The installation of a crown on the front tooth is carried out according to indications:

• a severely damaged incisor. With a preserved root, a pin is used as the basis for the crown or
• if it is necessary to prosthetize two adjacent teeth, they often use (several crowns interconnected), which is attached to adjacent pre-prepared teeth,
• gaps, defects, developmental anomalies,
• in the absence of a tooth, the crown is fixed on a previously implanted implant.

The main feature of smile line prosthetics is that the installed products will be visible to the interlocutor during a conversation. If you save on materials, the patient's appearance will suffer, as the prostheses will stand out against the background of natural ones.

Therefore, prosthetics of the front teeth should be taken seriously: prostheses should fully restore both the aesthetic and functional purpose of damaged teeth. The smile line can be restored using two types of crowns: metal-ceramic and.

cermet

Metal-ceramic crowns do not always look aesthetically pleasing.

Metal-free ceramics are ideal for anterior teeth prosthetics.

An ideal option for prosthetics of the front teeth are products made of zirconium dioxide. A zirconium crown consists of several layers: the first is a framework-base made of zirconium dioxide, the subsequent layers are ceramics. Properties of zirconium dioxide (oxide):

• colorless crystals,
• the material has the ability to transmit light in much the same way as enamel,
• high strength, the material does not give chips and cracks,
• a zirconium frame is much lighter than a metal one,
• the material does not interact with other materials, does not cause allergies and irritation of the mucous membrane,
• high aesthetic qualities due to the property of transmitting light,
• the possibility of manufacturing a bridge prosthesis for the anterior teeth without the use of metal,
• the manufacturing process of the structure is fully automated, so any inaccuracies and errors are excluded,
• a thin frame allows you to grind a minimum layer of hard tissues in preparation for prosthetics.

Metal-free ceramics is not a cheap pleasure, but the high aesthetic performance and strength of prostheses justify the high cost of prosthetics. Indications for the installation of zirconia crowns:

• it is necessary to restore 2-3 damaged front teeth. In such cases, a bridge is made,
• to protect a tooth with a bulk filling,
• strengthening in case of chips, cracks and other defects,
• if it is necessary to restore a tooth with a preserved root based on a pin,
• when it is contraindicated for the patient to install cermet.

Non-metal prostheses are contraindicated in patients with a deep bite and those who suffer from bruxism.

Why is metal-free ceramic better?

If funds allow, give your preference to metal-free ceramics for prosthetics of the front teeth and here's why:

• Zirconia is a unique material that transmits light. Such a prosthesis is almost impossible to distinguish from a natural tooth,
• the prosthesis fits as tightly as possible with the gingival margin, which is impossible with metal-ceramic prosthetics,
• the material is resistant to high loads, the formation of cracks and chips, with proper care, such crowns last from 15 to 20 years,
• minimal turning of hard tissues in preparation for prosthetics,
• the design is made using computer technology, all calculations are accurate, so the crown sits as tightly as possible on the stump.

Which crown to choose?

What is the best crown to put on a front tooth? This question is asked by all patients who are going to have a smile line prosthesis. To answer the question, let's compare the main characteristics of these two types of crowns:

As you can see, it is preferable to use metal-free ceramics for the smile line. But if funds do not allow you, cermet is also a good option. The main condition is to find a good clinic and an intelligent specialist.

A beautiful smile is the first thing many people notice. She can leave a lasting impression on strangers and friends. Smiling plays a key role in your confidence and self-respect. A beautiful smile can make communication easier, improve your behavior, and melt away any insecurities or anxieties you may be feeling.

However, if a person has a flaw in the front teeth (a chip, a crack, a crooked tooth or its absence), then self-confidence is out of the question. The person becomes more withdrawn, embarrassed to speak and smile. This behavior negatively affects both career and personal life. How to help such a subject?

Modern dentistry offers fast and high-quality prosthetics of the anterior upper teeth.

Features of prosthetics of the anterior upper teeth

Dentists understand the importance of prosthetics of the front upper teeth, so the procedure must be completed very quickly and efficiently.

1. Color.
2. Form.
3. Functionality.
4. Improved gum health.

Metal-ceramic crowns for anterior teeth

A porcelain-fused-to-metal crown is placed on the anterior units. It belongs to one of the types of dentures. Such a product is able to completely replace the natural front teeth. The crown is made of metal and ceramic. Its frame has high strength, and the ceramic coating gives high aesthetics.

Methods of prosthetics of the anterior upper units

Thanks to the rapid development of technologies in dentistry, the issue of restoring anterior units can be solved in one visit to the dentist.

Methods of prosthetics of the anterior upper units:

1. Veneers are able to hide minor cosmetic flaws such as chips, cracks, noticeable gaps between teeth and malocclusion. These tooth-shaped prostheses, approximately the thickness of an eggshell or a contact lens (3mm), are bonded to the surfaces of the anterior units with a special dental cement. They are designed to mask minor cosmetic imperfections and create a uniform, straight, natural, healthy smile. Veneers can be composite (direct design, which is performed in the patient's mouth) and ceramic (indirect design is performed on a special machine after taking an impression). The use of aesthetic veneers allows you to change the color, correct the shape or location of the organ. Ceramics are known for their aesthetic properties and are similar to natural tooth enamel. The material has all the properties similar to natural enamel fabrics.
2. Lumineers are the thinnest ceramic plates that are fixed on the front surface of the units. The ceramic material diffuses the light and because of this it has a very natural look. Lumineers are unique in that they are ultra-thin (approximately 0.2mm) and highly translucent, allowing them to reproduce the natural look of enamel. After the procedure, the patient does not have increased tooth sensitivity or discomfort. A feature of lumineers is that they are installed without pre-treatment of the organ. But this design is not reliable, it can easily break.
3. Dental crowns are used in cases where the patient has experienced more pronounced damage or decay of the tooth. A dental crown is commonly referred to as a "cap" because it is designed to completely encapsulate a damaged or decayed organ. It can be used to treat a tooth that would otherwise require an extraction because it causes pain and discomfort. After the doctor has treated the organ, the crown is placed over it and fixed with dental cement.
4. A dental bridge designed to treat missing units consists of a false tooth, known as a pontic, sandwiched between two dental crowns. These crowns are placed over the teeth on both sides of the gap and fixed. Bridges prevent displacement of surrounding teeth.

What are veneers?

Veneers are very thin pieces of porcelain material that are colored to match the patient's teeth. They are perfectly matched to the natural contours of the teeth. Veneers are attached to the front of natural teeth.

Veneers can solve a number of different problems, such as:

1. Filling in the gaps.
2. Smoothing crooked teeth.
3. Coating of yellowed and darkened units.
4. Covering cracks or chips.
5. Alignment of jagged lines and shapes.

What are Lumineers?

Lumineers are ultra-thin, highly transparent coatings for teeth. With a thickness of 0.2 mm, Lumineers resemble contact lenses.

Advantages:

1. Painless procedure.
2. Long term results.
3. Rapid prosthetics.
4. Non-invasive cosmetic procedure.
5. The structure of the organ is preserved.
6. Lumineers can also be placed in just 2 doctor visits.

Indications:

1. Cracks and chips.
2. Crooked teeth.
3. gaps between units.
4. Darkening of the organ.
5. Worn out teeth.

Given the fact that lumineers are installed without turning the surface of the organ, they do not always fit snugly and can come off at any time. Lumineers protrude slightly forward, so when prosthetics of one unit, they are very different from real teeth.

Upper teeth prosthetics

If veneers are used for prosthetics of the upper units, then usually there are no problems. If implants are placed to reduce the gap between teeth, a sinus lift may be necessary.

Prosthetics of the lower teeth

For this purpose, veneers and lumineers are not used, it is best to put metal-free ceramic prostheses. When implanting the lower and upper units, it is very often necessary to perform bone grafting, since there is a high probability of tissue atrophy.

Prosthetics for periodontal disease

On a note: If a patient has been diagnosed with periodontal disease, then prosthetics are out of the question.

The doctor must prescribe treatment to the patient. Implants are installed only if the gum disease is completely cured. If the stage of long-term remission has come, then a removable prosthesis or bridge is installed.

In this case, the gum is minimally damaged, but neighboring units are turned.

Indications for prosthetics of the anterior teeth

There are several indications in which it is necessary to restore the anterior units with a crown or prostheses:

1. Skol.
2. Cracks.
3. Caries.
4. Malocclusion.
5. Improving the aesthetic appearance of a smile.
6. Severe enamel wear.
7. One or more units are missing.
8. Consequences of incorrect prosthetics.

Porcelain and metal-ceramic crowns for anterior units must, above all, be durable and aesthetically pleasing. Yellow and steel crowns are rare techniques that are practically not used at present.

An important role in improving the aesthetic appearance of a smile is played by the gender of the patient and his social status, as well as the type of smile - open or closed. From the point of view of anthropology, the teeth of a woman should be with rounded edges, and men should have pronounced teeth with sharp edges. If the patient's focus is on professional development, the dentist may want to slightly enlarge the canines - research shows that higher canines give people confidence. Girls who want to look slim, doctors recommend slightly widening the two front teeth - men equate long incisors with thin legs.

Anterior prosthetics are an important factor in esthetics as the teeth support the lips, cheeks and other oral tissues.

A crown made of metal-ceramic or plastic is installed only after the treatment of the canals of the tooth.

A popular alternative to dentures is implantation. It is possible to perform implantation if the patient has one lost tooth or all 32. Unlike a crown, an implant is not attached to a damaged or neighboring organ and is mounted in the jaw bone itself.

Contraindications for anterior upper unit prosthetics

Absolute contraindications:

1. Active form of cancer.
2. Condition after radiotherapy.
3. AIDS.
4. Cardiovascular diseases in the stage of decompensation.
5. Severe condition of the patient.

Relative contraindications:

1. Diabetes (especially insulin dependent).
2. Angina.
3. Smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day.
4. Some mental illnesses.
5. Certain autoimmune diseases.
6. Addiction to drugs and alcohol.
7. Pregnancy.
8. The patient's age is up to 18 years.
9. Allergic reaction to the components of the crown.

In some cases, the installation of a metal-ceramic crown is contraindicated for the patient, since he has an allergic reaction or hypersensitivity to the metal that contains the product. Plastic crowns have practically no contraindications.

In case of allergic reactions to cermets, designs that contain gold or zirconium can be used.

The main problems that arise after the installation of the crown:

1. After some time or immediately after installation, cyanosis appears in the gingival margin.
2. The ceramic-metal construction of one organ may differ from the natural ones if prosthetics with a bridge were used.

Advantages of metal-ceramic and metal-free crowns

The task of modern dentists and dental technicians is not only to restore the functions of the lost organ, but to make the prosthesis beautiful and natural.

Modern requirements for prostheses (crowns):

1. The dentures must be biologically compatible. At present, this factor is very important. Only ceramic crowns do not cause allergic reactions.
2. The crown should be aesthetic, look good. A good prosthesis should look exactly like a regular organ. Metal-free crowns have a natural color. It is possible to preserve the anatomical shape of the organ using ceramic-metal structures. But in this case, neighboring units will be damaged, as the dentist will have to grind them. Moreover, healthy teeth are translucent. The metal used in the dental structure makes the artificial prosthesis look opaque.
3. After installing metal-ceramic, many people see darkened gums or a metal edge around the organ. Ceramic structures do not have these disadvantages, as they do not contain metal. Metal-free crowns do not cause gum injury, periodontitis and gingivitis.
4. Porcelain crowns have the same thermal dilatation as healthy teeth. A person does not feel discomfort while eating or drinking cold and hot. Ceramic crowns will last longer.
5. Metal constructions can cause allergies and idiosyncrasies, while ceramics are safer.
6. Ceramic crowns are light. In cases where several units need to be restored, metal crowns may be too heavy.
7. There is another advantage of prosthetics with ceramics - fixation occurs with glue. It turns the artificial prosthesis and the root into a single whole.

The cost of metal-free crowns is two or three times higher than that of metal-ceramic structures.

Preparation for prosthetics

The dentist carefully examines the patient's oral cavity. After an X-ray.

Stages of preparing a tooth for prosthetics:

• x-ray diagnostics (determination of the number, size and degree of curvature of the roots);
• anesthesia (local anesthesia);
• mechanical cleaning of the tubules of the tooth;
• medical flush;
• filling the canals of the tooth or installing a stump tab;
• complete restoration of the crown of the tooth.

Crown installation

Grinding the teeth before installing the crown is a mandatory procedure, usually depulpation (removal of the nerve) and sealing of the canals are also performed. Biting on solid food should be avoided until the treatment is complete. It should not be painful after an endodontic procedure, although it may be tender for a few days.

Contraindications for root canal treatment:

1. Anatomical factors such as obstructed root canals.
2. Tooth with inadequate periodontal support.
3. Severe condition of the patient.
4. Vertical root fracture.
5. Osteomyelitis and malignant tumors.

In the dental laboratory, after the impression, the prosthesis is made. It can be either a single element or a bridge structure. During the fabrication of the structure, the patient wears a temporary prosthesis ("butterfly") in order to protect the turned hypersensitive teeth and maintain aesthetics. The finished crown is fixed with dental cement and helps preserve the rest of the tooth. High-quality prostheses serve for decades, fully maintaining their functionality.

Installation of prostheses without turning neighboring units

Dental implants are teeth that can look and function just like real ones. Prosthesis implantation involves screwing a titanium screw into the bone and attaching a prosthetic organ to it.

The implants are made of titanium alloy. The first step is to place a sterile implant into the bone, which will fuse with the implant in a process known as 'osseointegration'. Once this process has been successfully completed, the prosthesis can be placed above the gum line.

How to restore missing or severely damaged teeth?

In this case, it is best to use dental implants. Implantation is a dental procedure in which a metal base is placed into the jawbone (usually a screw) and this implant acts as a support or anchor for a new artificial tooth.

Dental implants are used to replace units when they are severely damaged and have no hope of survival. Over time, the implant or screw takes root in the jawbone and remains a strong support for artificial prostheses (a process known as osseointegration).

Before prosthetics of the upper and lower teeth, the dentist must carefully examine the patient in the clinic, draw up a treatment plan and present him with possible treatment alternatives.

First of all, the concept of minimal invasion should prevail in organ reconstruction. During prosthetics, the doctor should try to preserve as much natural and healthy tissue as possible. Modern dental clinics offer their clients to abandon the radical polishing of teeth for metal-ceramic crowns and prosthetics with strong and aesthetic all-ceramic inlays, onlays, veneers, lumineers or partial crowns.

How much do dentures cost?

The cost of prosthetics depends on many factors, including the initial condition of the teeth, the complexity of the procedure, the material for the prostheses, the status of the clinic, and concomitant treatment.

Average prices for prosthetics of the anterior upper units:

1. Installation of veneers - 1500-50000 rubles.
2. Installation of lumineers - 30,000-45,000 rubles.
3. Installation of composite veneers - 1500-2500 rubles.
4. Bugel implant (price for one implant) - 30,000-80,000 rubles.

Video review of a patient after basal implantation in dentistry of innovative technologies Smile-at-Once