Dyspepsia types. Dyspepsia: what is it. Symptoms of different types of disease

Dyspeptic disorders occur in most people. It's complicated pathological condition, which accompanies many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and can also manifest itself with errors in diet and emotional overload. It is very important to diagnose the disease in time in order to qualitatively approach its treatment.

What is dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a complex of painful manifestations in the stomach, which is often accompanied by indigestion. This ailment is acid-dependent and manifests itself in most people with increased secretory function of the digestive glands. Dyspeptic syndrome may indicate the presence of a certain pathology of the gastrointestinal tract or be an independent disease. Bump of hydrochloric acid goes to the stomach different reasons. Dyspepsia can occur in both adults and children. In the first case, the symptoms are especially pronounced, and in the second case, they can be periodic and not so pronounced.

The structure of the digestive system shows the close proximity of all organs. Dyspepsia is often caused by pathology near the organs located to the stomach.

What is dyspepsia - video

Classification of pathology

Dyspeptic syndrome is divided into functional and organic. The first type is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms in practically healthy people. The second type of the disease appears against the background of other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Functional dyspepsia has the following classification:

1. Ulcerative syndrome. In its manifestations, this type is similar to gastric ulcer, but does not have characteristic mucosal defects.
2. Dyskinetic. Symptoms occur immediately after eating. And often accompanied by manifestations from the intestines: flatulence, false urge to defecate.
3. Non-specific. It has mixed symptoms of the above forms. Almost never occurs in children.

There is also the following classification of dyspeptic syndrome:

1. Alimentary view. It develops against the background of errors in the diet and the predominance of one or another product in the diet. This type is divided into:
   • fermentation form - occurs when there is a significant amount of carbohydrate food in the diet;
   • putrefactive - develops with the use of a large amount of protein, especially stale;
   • soapy or fatty - occurs with the predominance of fats in the menu.
2. Toxic. Occurs against the backdrop of various food poisoning, as well as intoxication with toxic substances. It is divided into the following subtypes:
   • intoxication - manifested by both stomach pains and intestinal upset;
   • intestinal toxicosis - develops against the background of oppression normal microflora and the introduction of pathogenic.
3. Neurotic. Appears in the background increased anxiety and other psychological disorders.
4. Simple. May have mixed symptoms of several types. However, it does not appear too sharply. There are mild symptoms.
5. Biliary. Associated with the release of bile into the stomach. This process causes characteristic symptoms. Accompanied by dysfunction of the gallbladder.
6. Enzymatic. It develops due to an insufficient amount of digestive enzymes. Subdivided into:
   • gastrogenic type - occurs when there is a violation of the production of hydrochloric acid and enzymes in the stomach;
   • enterogenic - develops as a result of a violation of secretion in the intestine;
   • pancreatogenic - is a consequence of a lack of pancreatic enzymes;
   • hepatogenic - occurs when there is a violation of the production of bile by the liver.

Causes and development factors

Dyspeptic syndrome may have the following causes:

• infections that enter the stomach when eating poor-quality food;
• chronic gastritis with increased secretory function;
• chronic pancreatitis and cholecystitis;
• cholelithiasis;
• chronic enterocolitis and sigmoiditis;
• taking some medicines: antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives and acetylsalicylic acid.

A provoking factor can be foods that increase the acidity of gastric juice and promote hypersecretion, causing heartburn, pain and burning in the epigastrium. These primarily include sour, fatty and fried foods, as well as fast food.

The main symptoms of the disease

Distinctive signs of pathology directly depend on its form. The alimentary view is characterized by:

• flatulence;
• pain in the abdomen;
• belching;
• a feeling of fullness in the stomach.

The toxic type has the following symptoms:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• burning in the epigastrium;
• diarrhea;
• increase in body temperature.

Neurotic dyspepsia manifests itself:

• increased nervousness;
• burning in the stomach;
• nausea;
• lump in throat;
• alternating diarrhea and constipation.

The biliary view is characterized by:

• burning in the epigastrium;
• change in stool color;
• morning sickness;
• pain in the right hypochondrium;
• diarrhea.

Enzymatic dyspepsia manifests itself:

• nausea;
• heaviness in the stomach and a feeling of fullness;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea with residue undigested food.

Differences in symptoms of organic and functional dyspepsia - table

Diagnostic studies

In the presence of dyspeptic manifestations, a whole range of diagnostic studies is prescribed:

1. FGDS. It is a method of examining the gastrointestinal tract using a special endoscope - a thin tube with a camera that is placed through oral cavity into the esophagus and stomach to obtain a detailed picture of the mucous membrane. This reveals microscopic changes, as well as ulcers, erosions and polyps.
2. Colonoscopy. This method is similar to the previous one, however, with it, the endoscope is inserted through the rectum and thus any changes in the mucous membrane are diagnosed. In this case, it is possible to differentiate dyspepsia from bowel cancer and other functional diseases.
3. Biochemical study of blood. By using this method the level of liver parameters is determined, as well as the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in the blood.
4. Irrigoscopy. With the help of an x-ray examination of the stomach and intestines, the state of these organs is determined. The procedure is done with liquid barium, which the patient must first swallow. It is this substance that is radiopaque and, enveloping the mucous membranes, allows you to get a detailed picture of the organs.
5. ultrasound. Ultrasound procedure allows you to identify chronic pancreatitis, changes in the liver and the state of the gallbladder.
6. Study of feces. It is carried out in order to determine hidden blood and microorganisms that can cause dyspeptic disorders.

Drug treatment of dyspeptic disorders and first aid

First aid for acute manifestation of dyspeptic syndrome is to eliminate the symptoms. This is especially important in the presence of an infection. AT this case you should take adsorbents that will help remove pathogens of toxic dyspepsia from the body, as well as an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid. These drugs include Enterosgel and activated charcoal. If this causes diarrhea, then you can take Smecta.

Medical treatment dyspeptic disorders depends on manifestation characteristic symptoms. The following groups of drugs are most often used:

1. Intestinal antibiotics and antidiarrheals. Among the antiseptics that are used for toxic dyspepsia, Alfa Normix is ​​distinguished, which acts directly in the stomach and intestines. Antidiarrheals used when prolonged diarrhea. Most often it is Loperamide and Smecta.
2. Antiemetic drugs. Used for persistent nausea and vomiting. These drugs block the vomiting center in the brain and eliminate unpleasant manifestations. These include: Cerucal and Motilium.
3. Remedies for heartburn and burning in the stomach. Antacids help to neutralize the aggressive components of hydrochloric acid and have an enveloping effect on the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. Most often, Maalox, Rennie and Gastal are prescribed.
4. Antispasmodics and motility stimulants. They help to eliminate pain in the abdomen and accelerate the movement of food through all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, preventing fermentation processes. They include Trimedat.
5. Prebiotics and probiotics. stimulate growth beneficial microflora and regulate bowel function. The most popular of this line of products are: Linex and Hilak Forte.
6. Proton pump blockers. Used for hypersecretion of the digestive glands. These drugs block the release of hydrochloric acid, lowering the acidity of the stomach. Most often prescribed: Omez and Nolpazu.
7. Enzymes. Contribute to high-quality digestion of food with insufficient work of the pancreas. Apply Pancreatin, Mezim and Creon.

Medications used for dyspepsia - gallery

Alpha Normix is ​​an intestinal antibiotic
Smecta eliminates diarrhea and dyspeptic manifestations in the stomach Motilium blocks the vomiting center in the brain

Gastal envelops the gastric mucosa, relieving burning sensation Trimedat eliminates pain in the stomach and intestines Hilak Forte restores intestinal microflora
Omez blocks the release of hydrochloric acid Mezim improves the quality of digestion

Diet food and list of prohibited foods

Dietary nutrition in the presence of dyspepsia contributes to the regulation of digestion and prevents the occurrence of pain and flatulence. To do this, exclude all products that can cause hypersecretion and fermentation processes in the intestine. These include:

• fresh fruits, especially apples, grapes and citrus fruits;
• fresh vegetables: eggplant, tomatoes, mushrooms, cabbage, legumes and onions;
• spices;
• soda;
• alcohol;
• semi-finished products;
• baking;
• fatty and fried foods;
• fast food;
• ice cream;
• sauces.

List of prohibited products - gallery

Fruits enhance fermentation processes in the intestines Vegetables adversely affect the irritated gastric mucosa Spices enhance the secretion of hydrochloric acid
Alcohol is detrimental to the digestive organs Semi-finished products increase secretion and fermentation Baking contributes to heartburn and flatulence
Confectionery causes a burning sensation in the stomach Fatty foods increase dyspepsia Fast food adversely affects the functioning of the digestive tract

Ice cream is not consumed due to its low temperature Sauces provoke increased secretion Lemonade irritates the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract

• dairy and dairy products;
• cereals from buckwheat, millet and oats;
• vegetable stew of zucchini and potatoes;
• fish steam cutlets;
• bananas and persimmons;
• jelly;
• rosehip decoction;
• mashed potatoes;
• vegetarian cabbage soup;
• soups with vermicelli;
• pasta.

Dairy products help eliminate burning and pain in the stomach Cereal porridge improves the functioning of the digestive tract Vegetable stew is well absorbed
Steam cutlets are very useful Bananas promote bowel function
persimmon renders astringent action eliminating heartburn
Kissel envelops the stomach Rosehip broth reduces inflammation Mashed potatoes are not a secretion stimulant
You can add chicken to cabbage soup Vermicelli soup can be seasoned with herbs
Macaroni don't render negative impact on the gastrointestinal tract

Folk methods of treatment

For the treatment of dyspeptic disorders, traditional medicine methods are often used. The most effective recipes:

1. Anti-inflammatory collection that has an antispasmodic effect. To prepare a decoction, you will need the following herbs: chamomile, mint, calamus and licorice. They should be taken in equal amounts and mixed. 1 st. l. mixture, pour 350 ml of boiling water and put on low heat. After boiling for 10 minutes, cool and filter. Then take a quarter cup 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals for 10-14 days.
2. Remedy for stomach pain. To prepare it, you need 1 medium potato. It must be cleaned and grated, then squeeze the juice through cheesecloth into a glass. Add to it 0.5 tsp. honey and lemon juice. Mix everything thoroughly and heat slightly. Take 3 times a day 10 minutes before meals warm form in a week.
3. Collection that regulates the work of the stomach and intestines. To prepare it, you need mint, chamomile and St. John's wort. They should be mixed in equal amounts. Take 1 tbsp. l. mixture and pour 300 ml of boiling water. Cover and let stand for about 30 minutes. Then filter and take 3 times a day half an hour before meals, a quarter cup for 10 days.

It is very beneficial for the stomach and intestines to chew flax seeds. In the process, the formation of useful mucus occurs, which, when swallowed, has a beneficial effect on the condition of the mucous membrane. digestive organs. Pain, burning and other unpleasant symptoms are eliminated. To do this, you should use flax seeds on an empty stomach for 1 tsp. within a month. They need to be chewed carefully.

Calamus has a mild choleretic effect Lemon reduces nausea

Treatment prognosis and possible complications

When determining the cause and type of dyspeptic disorder, as a rule, the prognosis is favorable, if you approach the treatment in a comprehensive manner and follow all the doctor's instructions. Consequences can occur only if the cause of the syndrome is a stomach ulcer, which, if not treated in time, can lead to bleeding. The same goes for pancreatitis and cholecystitis. In the first case, there is a risk of self-digestion of the organ, as a result of which you can get on the operating table. This condition can lead to death.

cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis also poses a danger. This pathological process can provoke blockage bile duct, resulting in the removal of the organ.

Preventive actions

Prevention of dyspeptic disorders is as follows:

1. AT early diagnosis diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, ulcers, enterocolitis.
2. Reduced levels of anxiety, stress and emotional overload.
3. Rational nutrition with the exception of foods that increase acidity.
4. Avoiding snacking and fast food on the run.

Dyspeptic disorders respond well to treatment, especially at the initial stage. An important point the identification of a provoking factor is considered, after the elimination of which, the patient's condition improves. Compliance with prevention contributes to the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Article content:

Intestinal dyspepsia is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, in which significant disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system are detected, and is accompanied by insufficient digestion of food. This leads to the release of a large number of toxic elements and the reproduction pathogenic microorganisms. Similar pathology often provokes the development of dysbacteriosis.

The disease dyspepsia develops when there is insufficient secretion of digestive enzymes in the body, and the disease is also provoked against the background of poor nutrition.

As a rule, symptoms appear suddenly and disappear on their own after a while. However, in some cases, these manifestations can be a definite signal, announcing the development of a more serious disease of the digestive system.

The reasons

For reasons of development, such a disease is divided into two main types - alimentary dyspepsia and enzymatic. Intestinal alimentary dyspepsia develops due to malnutrition:

• the use for a long period of monotonous food;
• taking in large quantities carbohydrate products nutrition;
• Also, the disease can occur due to the use of drinks, causing fermentation in the body (fermentative dyspepsia);
• foods high in protein, consumed in significant amounts, cause putrefactive intestinal dyspepsia;
• slowly digestible food rich in fats provokes the development of fatty alimentary dyspepsia.

Every shape this disease characterized by certain symptoms. Fermentative dyspepsia is accompanied by watery stools, increased gas formation, strong rumbling in the abdomen.

With putrefactive dyspepsia, frequent headaches, general weakness of the body, nausea and apathy for everything are noted. Fatty dyspepsia is accompanied by copious white stools.

Enzymatic dyspepsia is based on a lack of secretion of digestive enzymes, often occurs with characteristic changes in some organs of the gastrointestinal tract. This form of the disease may be accompanied by inflammatory diseases.

Symptoms characteristic of enzymatic dyspepsia: loss of appetite, feeling metallic taste in the mouth, bloating, nausea, frequent stools, flatulence and attacks of spasmodic pain.

Frequent stress, depression, nervousness and others negative manifestations psychological system, can provoke dyspepsia of neurotic origin.

Deterioration of digestion occurs against the background big selection adrenaline hormones responsible for the distribution of blood circulation in the digestive tract. This form of the disease is characterized by frequent migraines, heartburn, nausea and sleep disturbance.

Another type of dyspepsia is not ulcerative form, in which the patient feels pain of a compressive nature in the abdomen, frequent colic, rapid saturation with food, intolerance fatty foods and intense vomiting. With the development of non-ulcerative dyspepsia, it is recommended to refrain from eating fatty, salty, sweet and spicy foods.

A condition in which a person feels discomfort in the digestive tract is called dyspeptic syndrome. This manifestation is accompanied by bloating, heartburn, unpleasant belching, characteristic pain in the abdomen, nausea, sometimes vomiting appears.

Intestinal syndrome is also characterized by unstable stools, diarrhea alternating with constipation. Many patients complain of discomfort in the abdomen after eating, there is a feeling of fullness and overeating, even when eating a small amount of food. Such a symptom can affect a person's appetite and provoke unpleasant taste sensations during meals.

Dyspeptic syndrome is a fairly common phenomenon that occurs in children and adults. According to statistics, about 50% of people suffer from this form of the disease. Rejection timely treatment can lead to rather unpleasant complications.

due to loss of appetite sudden loss weight, frequent dizziness, weakness, decreased hemoglobin in the blood, and others backfire. If a person has characteristic symptoms, it is recommended to consult a specialist and timely treatment.

Symptoms and treatment

Regardless of the form of the disease, patients with dyspepsia experience unpleasant problems with stool, accompanied by pain in the abdomen. These symptoms entail dehydration, aversion to food, frequent intestinal colic, flatulence, false urges to voiding, nausea and vomiting.

A person loses interest in life and ability to work, he is often in a state of weakness and apathy. Dyspepsia can provoke the development of more serious illnesses digestive system, so it is not recommended to delay the treatment of this disease.

For exact definition diagnosis, the patient is given complex diagnostics, with the obligatory delivery of tests and the passage of examination procedures. According to the results, the doctor prescribes an individual course of treatment, which depends on the form of the disease, symptoms, degree of dyspepsia, etc.

Regardless of the form of the disease, the patient is prescribed a mandatory diet. Treatment involves temporary abstinence from eating for 1-2 days for initial stage medical course. If putrefactive dyspepsia is detected, the patient should limit the intake of protein foods.

If the patient has fatty dyspepsia, the diet is based on foods with a low fat content. In the presence of a fermentative form of the disease, abstinence from foods with a large amount of carbohydrates is recommended.

Treatment of enzymatic dyspepsia is based on the use of drugs containing digestive enzymes. Emphasis is also placed on curing the main diseases of the digestive system that could provoke the syndrome. intestinal disorder. If the disease is accompanied by dysbacteriosis, the patient is prescribed a course of probiotics.

If dyspepsia with gastric ulcer is detected, surgery may be prescribed, which depends on clinical picture and the condition of the patient. In any case, the main treatment of dyspepsia is aimed at eliminating the cause of the development of the disease.

Get rid of it unpleasant illness it is possible only if you follow the strict prescriptions of a doctor, that is, you cannot ignore the recommended dietary diet, which is the main treatment for diseases of the digestive system.

Dyspepsia of the stomach - this is the name in medicine for a set of syndromes that appear when the digestive system is disturbed. Most often, dyspepsia means a violation of the process of digestion of food in the stomach and a slowdown in emptying hollow organ. The disease in question can occur not only against the background of pathological processes in the stomach, but also in other diseases not related to the digestive system.

Classification of gastric dyspepsia

In medicine, there are two main forms of gastric dyspepsia:

1. functional. With this form of the course of the disease, there are no organic lesions organs of the digestive system, there are only functional disorders.
2. organic. Dyspepsia in this case will be associated with structural changes in the cells / tissues of the digestive system. It is with organic dyspepsia that the symptoms of the disease are pronounced.

The disease in question is classified and based on the reasons that provoked its development:

1. Alimentary dyspepsia- there is a direct relationship between the appearance of symptoms of pathology and malnutrition. It is subdivided into:

• Fermentation - the patient consumes large quantities of foods high in carbohydrates (legumes, bread, pastries, cabbage) and drinks prepared by fermentation (kvass, beer).
• Putrefactive - more often diagnosed when eating a large amount of protein products, as well as not fresh meat.
• Soapy - occurs against the background of a large amount of fat in the diet. Especially often soapy (it is also called fatty) alimentary dyspepsia is inherent in people who eat pork and lamb.

1. Dyspepsia due to insufficient secretion of food enzymes. This makes it difficult for the stomach to digest food. This type of disease in question is divided into:

• enterogenic dyspepsia - the patient secretes too little gastric juice;
• gastrogenic - insufficient amount of stomach enzymes;
• hepatogenic - there are violations in the process of bile production by the liver;
• pancreatogenic - a small amount of enzymes secreted by the pancreas.

1. Dyspepsia, directly related to the violation of the process intestinal absorption . Most often occurs against the background of the syndrome - this is congenital disease which is characterized by a violation of the absorption of nutrients into the blood.
2. Dyspepsia due to intestinal infections. In this case, the disease in question will be classified as secondary. May occur in the background:

• dysentery (shigellosis infection) - a pathology that affects colon. The most characteristic symptom of the disease is feces with impurities of blood and mucus;
• salmonellosis (acute intestinal infection bacterial etiology) is a pathology that is diagnosed with vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthermia, dizziness.

1. Intoxication dyspepsia. Develops against the background of poisoning during development various pathologies- for example, when purulent infections, flu, poisoning with toxic substances.

Gastric dyspepsia may occur as an independent disease, but may be concomitant syndrome. Of the main causes of the development of primary dyspepsia, there are:

1. Increased secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach with.
2. Violation of motility in the duodenum, large intestine and stomach.

1. Violation of the diet - in particular, the predominance in daily menu products with specific nutrient(for example, protein / carbohydrate or fatty foods).
2. Poisoning with prolonged exposure to chemicals, with the development of acute purulent diseases.
3. Violation of the psycho-emotional background -,.
4. Long-term use of certain drugs (for example, hormones).

But there are also diseases that are accompanied by a syndrome of dyspeptic disorder:

1. Allergy, individual intolerance to specific foods.
2. Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) with increased and low acidity gastric juice.
3. . When it occurs, the reflux of gastric contents, which is characterized by a high content of hydrochloric acid - this leads to irritation and even burns of the esophagus.

1. (inflammation of the gallbladder).
2. Duodenogastric reflux. This pathology is characterized by the reflux of the contents of the duodenum (undigested food, bile acids, enzymes) into the stomach - this causes irritation of the mucous membranes of the hollow organ.
3. Diaphragmatic hernia.
4. Stenosis of the pylorus of the stomach is a narrowing of the zone of the stomach at the junction of the hollow organ into the duodenum.
5. and/or duodenum.
6. Condition after removal of the gallbladder - postcholecystoectomy syndrome.
7. Tumors of a benign nature, localized in various organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
8. Malignant.
9. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.
10. Viral - an acute infectious disease of the liver.
11. Achlorhydria is a decrease in the level of acidity of gastric juice.
12. Zollinger-Elisson syndrome.

Symptoms of stomach dyspepsia

The disease in question is characterized by pronounced symptoms - the doctor at the initial appointment of the patient can almost accurately make a diagnosis based on complaints. Signs of dyspepsia include:

• pain syndrome in upper divisions abdomen - occurs periodically, differs short course and has nothing to do with food intake;
• a feeling of nausea - it can appear on an empty stomach, and immediately after eating;
• a feeling of heaviness in the stomach - more often this sensation is localized in the upper abdomen;
• obsessive heartburn, which is accompanied by prolonged burning in the chest area;
• signs of development peptic ulcer stomach / duodenum - they are false, but too clearly simulate the specified pathology;
• feeling of bloating, fullness of the stomach;
• feeling of fullness in the stomach even when eating a small amount of food;
• belching.

Note:in some sources, vomiting is a sign of stomach dyspepsia. But according to statistics, this syndrome is rarely present in patients, but it is after vomiting that short-term relief occurs. In general, all of the above symptoms are combined in their own way - there are certain combinations for different types course of dyspepsia of the stomach . In particular:

• ulcerative course- there are belching, "hungry" or nocturnal, heartburn;
• dismotor- a feeling of fullness in the stomach, pressure and distension in the abdomen;
• nonspecific course All symptoms are present at the same time.

Diagnostic measures

Despite the fact that the disease in question has pronounced symptoms, no doctor will make a diagnosis based on their presence alone. In any case, it will take a number of diagnostic measures. These include:

• and - this allows you to identify a violation of the functionality of the organs of the digestive system and signs inflammatory process in them;
• stool test to detect the presence of blood - if found in the stool hidden blood, then this will indicate gastric / duodenal ulcer, but deny gastric dyspepsia;
• general analysis of feces (coprogram) - laboratory assistants identify the remnants of undigested food, alimentary fiber, increased amount of fat.

1. Instrumental examination of the patient:

• esophagogastroduodenoscopy - a specialist using equipment examines the condition of the mucous membranes of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum. Be sure during this study, a small fragment of material is taken from the studied surfaces for biopsy;

• ultrasound examination of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract - this allows you to detect the presence of a tumor in the pancreas, on the walls of the duodenum and stomach;
• impedance-rn-metry - the doctor determines the level of acidity of the esophagus;
• stomach acid test;
• study of biological material from the gastric mucosa to identify or deny the presence Helicobacter pylori- a bacterium that has a damaging effect;
• colonoscopy - a study using a special medical instrument (endoscope) of the inner walls of the colon;
• manometry (esophageal and antroduodenal) - the doctor determines the level of motor activity of the esophagus, stomach / duodenum;
• - allows you to identify hidden damage esophagus and stomach, hard-to-reach tumors;
• electrogastroenterography - the doctor can determine if there is a violation of intestinal motility.

Note:when carrying out diagnostic measures for suspected dyspepsia of the stomach, the doctor very rarely prescribes an x-ray examination. It is advisable only if the narrowing of the esophagus or the formation of a tumor in it is assumed.

Methods of treatment of dyspepsia of the stomach

The disease can be treated by several methods - all of them are approved by official medicine. The only clarification is that when using recipes from the category of "traditional medicine", you need to get advice from your doctor.

Non-drug treatment of dyspepsia

When the first signs of dyspepsia of the stomach appear, the following measures can be taken:

• do after eating hiking at a moderate pace for at least 30 minutes - this helps to activate the motility of the intestines and stomach;
• the belt on trousers and skirts cannot be tightened strongly;
• limit exercises on the abdominal muscles;
• sleep only on a high pillow - this will prevent the release of stomach contents into the esophagus;
• adjust the diet - abandon foods that can cause an attack of heartburn (citrus fruits, tomatoes, etc.), diversify the menu, and eliminate overeating.

If gastric dyspepsia was detected in the early stages of development, then the above measures may well have an effect.

First, doctors prescribe antidiarrheal drugs and laxatives. But patients need to know that it is impossible to get involved in such drugs - for example, laxatives can be used only until the first bowel movement. Secondly, when diagnosing gastric dyspepsia, the following are prescribed:

Thirdly, if gastric dyspepsia develops against a background of stress or depression, then it will be necessary to conduct specialized treatment of these disorders of the psycho-emotional background. Medical treatment of the disease in question also implies therapeutic measures in relation to a specific pathology, which provokes the appearance of symptoms of dyspepsia. For example:

• helicobacter infection;
• peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach;
• cholecystitis;
• diseases of the pancreas - diabetes mellitus (the patient's condition is only stabilized), pancreatitis;
• duodenitis;
• gastroesophageal reflux disease and others.

AT folk medicine there are quite a few recipes that are used for dyspepsia of the stomach. But before starting such treatment, it is necessary to pay a visit to the doctor:

The most effective recipes:

1. Cumin / marjoram. cook healing drink: in 200 ml of boiling water, dip the crushed seeds of cumin and marjoram, leave for 15 minutes. This remedy should be taken twice a day at a dose of 100 ml per dose.
2. Fennel. To prepare the medicine, you need to take fennel berries in an amount of 10 g, pour 200 ml of boiling water and heat until boiling (over low heat for about 15 minutes). Then cool the broth, strain and add boiled water to it so that the result is the original volume. The entire amount of the drug should be drunk during the day in small portions.
3. Dill. Grains of this spicy plant should be poured with boiling water and infused for 20 minutes. Proportions: 1 teaspoon of fennel seeds per 200 ml of water. Take 30 ml immediately after meals.

Excellent help to cope with dyspeptic phenomena decoctions from herbal preparations. You can safely use the following recipes:

1. Prepare 375 g of aloe, 625 g of honey and 675 ml of red wine. Wash and finely chop the aloe leaves, mix with the rest of the ingredients. Accept medicine you need 1 teaspoon before meals - this is the dosage for the first 5 doses. In the future, it is recommended to take 2 teaspoons twice a day before meals. The duration of the course of treatment with this medicine is at least 2 weeks, the maximum period of use is 2 months.
2. Grind elecampane roots. Take 1 teaspoon of raw materials and pour 200 ml of cold boiled water. Do not heat or boil! The drug is infused for 8 hours, then filtered and taken 1/3 cup three times a day before meals. Duration of admission - 2 weeks.
3. In equal quantities, prepare yarrow, chamomile,. Then take half a teaspoon of the finished dry mixture and pour 200 ml of boiling water, insist for 10-15 minutes. Take an infusion of half a glass 3 times a day before meals. This drug quickly and effectively relieves pain.
4. Buckthorn bark, anise fruits, seeds, licorice root, yarrow herb - mix these medicinal plants in equal proportions. Then take a tablespoon of the collection and pour 300 ml of boiling water, insist for 30 minutes. Take the infusion should be half a cup in the morning and evening.

Note:decide on the treatment of dyspepsia of the stomach folk methods alone is not possible. Only after consulting a doctor can you be sure of the safety of using home-made decoctions / infusions.

Possible Complications

According to statistics, complications in gastric dyspepsia develop only against the background of the progression of the underlying disease. May be observed:

• loss of appetite, up to complete absence;
• sharp weight loss;
• rupture of the mucous membrane of the esophagus at the site of its passage into the stomach.

To exclude the development of dyspepsia of the stomach, you need to follow the rules of prevention. They are quite simple and do not require any special conditions for execution. Doctors recommend:

• carry out a nutrition correction - the menu should be varied, with a predisposition to heartburn, citrus fruits should be excluded from the use;
• products must always be fresh;
• physical activity is necessary, but they should be moderate;
• limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages;
• carry out the usual hygiene procedures - wash hands before eating, thoroughly clean vegetables and fruits from contamination.

If there is a predisposition to the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, periodically there is heartburn and belching, there is increased gas formation, constipation or diarrhea, then you need to be more careful about your own health. It is necessary to undergo an examination by a gastroenterologist once a year - this will help to identify on the very early stage dyspeptic disorders. Dyspepsia of the stomach is a disease, in principle, not dangerous to human health. But it can lead to disturbances in the functioning of any organ of the gastrointestinal tract, and well-being during periods of intense symptoms leaves much to be desired. Therefore, it is necessary to respond in a timely manner even to minor disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system - this will help you quickly regain your health. You can get more detailed information about the symptoms, causes of development, methods of diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia by viewing this review.

Disorders of digestion and the gastrointestinal tract, a complex of symptoms characteristic of many diseases, as well as borderline conditions. The main causes of dyspepsia are a lack of digestive enzymes that cause malabsorption syndrome, or, most often, gross errors in nutrition.

Dyspepsia in children

Dyspepsia in children occurs when the amount or composition of food does not correspond to the capabilities of the children's gastrointestinal tract. Dyspepsia in infants, whose age is not more than one year old, is manifested due to overfeeding, as well as the untimely introduction of new products into the child's diet.

Older children may experience dyspepsia at the onset of a period when the body is growing rapidly. Yes, in adolescence Dyspepsia can also occur due to an imbalance of hormones. This time is called critical period development.

In this state, the gastrointestinal tract becomes too susceptible to any, even the slightest errors in nutrition. Unfortunately, teenagers often get dyspepsia because they eat fast food, drink carbonated sugary drinks, and foods that contain easily digestible carbohydrates.

Types of dyspepsia

Enzymatic dyspepsia- Violations related to enzymatic activity digestive organs.

functional dyspepsia(PD) - a complex of unpleasant symptoms after eating. At the same time, no organic pathology was detected during the examination. In almost half of the cases, FD occurs in combination with irritable bowel syndrome, so experts classify it as a group of biopsychosocial diseases.

The main causes of functional dyspepsia include psychological trauma and stress.

These factors are found in most patients with functional dyspepsia. In some cases, the cause of the disease is an increase in the susceptibility of the gastric wall to stretching; in such patients, as a rule, the motor function of the stomach is not impaired. If the pathology is accompanied by symptoms characteristic of peptic ulcer, then the cause of dyspepsia in this case may be the release of hydrochloric acid in excess of the norm.

Intestinal dyspepsia may develop against the background of malnutrition, in which case it is called nutritional dyspepsia. In the development of intestinal dyspepsia known value has constitutional weakness of the intestine, as well as sensitization (hypersensitivity) to certain types of food - protein, carbohydrate or fat. There are fermentative, putrefactive and fatty dyspepsia.

Fermentative dyspepsia It is caused by excessive consumption of foods rich in carbohydrates: fruits, legumes, cabbage, kvass, honey, etc., as a result of which acidophilic (fermentative) flora is formed in the intestines. Along with changing intestinal flora in the development of fermentative dyspepsia, a certain role is played by a reduced secretion of diastase by the pancreas, as a result of which the process of digestion of carbohydrates is disrupted.

Putrid dyspepsia occurs when the product is overused protein origin, especially those requiring a long time for digestion. Toxic substances formed during the breakdown of proteins cause intoxication of the patient's body. This mainly applies to red meats (lamb, pork, beef) and their derivatives (sausages and other meat products), the abuse of which stimulates the development of putrefactive intestinal microflora.
Fatty (soapy) dyspepsia. Caused by eating too much refractory fats such as lamb and lard and their derivatives.

Dyspepsia, which is a consequence of enzyme deficiency, is of the following types:

• Hepatogenic (hepatic origin);
• Cholecystogenic (caused by a violation of bile secretion);
• Pancreatic (lack of pancreatic enzymes);
• Gastrogenic (caused by a violation of the secretory function of the stomach);
• Enterogenic (impaired secretion of intestinal juice);
• Mixed dyspepsia.

Symptoms of dyspepsia

Symptoms of dyspepsia can manifest themselves in different ways, depending on the specific type of disorder, but there are signs that are simultaneously characteristic of all types of the disease.

Different types of dyspepsia have the following common symptoms:

• the appearance of unpleasant sensations in the so-called espiragal region, that is, in the upper abdomen. The patient experiences feelings of bloating and heaviness, sometimes there are pain sensations of varying intensity;
• belching. Rare isolated cases of belching are not signs of the disease. Only constant frequent eructation testifies to dyspepsia;
• nausea, heartburn. The patient experiences unpleasant feeling burning in the upper abdomen, as well as in the retrosternal region. This sensation appears at the moment when the aggressive contents of the stomach enter the esophagus. Normally, such phenomena should not happen;
• flatulence. A feeling of bloating, as well as increased gas separation, can be caused by increased formation of gases in the intestines;
• stool disorder. Patients who suffer from dyspepsia have irregular, as a rule, frequent stools.

Dyspepsia due to deficiency digestive enzyme, has the following properties:

• nausea;
• unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• transfusion and rumbling in the abdomen, malaise, weakness;

Sometimes patients experience headaches and insomnia. Feces often contain large amounts of food that is poorly digested.

functional dyspepsia manifests itself in such unpleasant symptoms as pain, discomfort in the pancreas after eating, accompanied by heaviness, overflow, early satiety.

Fermentative dyspepsia. The main symptoms of fermentative dyspepsia are bloating of the intestines with the release of a large amount of gases, frequent liquid frothy stools with a sour smell. Pain in the abdomen tolerable or absent. Very typical sign fermentative dyspepsia is the nature of bowel movements. They are weakly colored, contain few gas bubbles, a large amount of starch grains, fiber, iodophilic microbes and organic acids.

Putrid dyspepsia in many ways resembles intoxication: the patient feels weakness and general malaise, feels nausea and severe headache. The stool is dark and liquid, has an unpleasant and rather pungent odor, while the stool is speeded up.

Fatty dyspepsia, unlike other types of dyspepsia, is not characterized frequent diarrhea. Patients suffering from fatty dyspepsia experience a feeling of fullness and heaviness in the abdomen, complain of flatulence and belching, as well as severe pain, which begin half an hour after eating. The stool is whitish and oily sheen: These are the remains of fat that does not have time to be digested. The stool is plentiful.

Dyspepsia in young children manifested in regurgitation and bloating. The chair is frequent, more than six times a day, the feces are green, whitish flakes come across. At the same time, the child is naughty, sleeps and eats poorly.

Treatment of dyspepsia

Before starting the treatment of intestinal dyspepsia, the type of disease is determined in order to select right diet on the first day of therapy.

With nutritional dyspepsia the patient is recommended to completely refrain from eating for two days. The transition to the usual diet should be gradual and consistent.

In the case of fermentative dyspepsia the patient should refrain from foods rich in carbohydrates.

With fatty dyspepsia prescribed a low-fat diet.

With putrefactive dyspepsia the patient needs to limit the intake of protein foods.

Treatment of enzymatic dyspepsia requires taking medications containing digestive enzymes.

Treatment of functional dyspepsia

A very important role in the treatment of functional dyspepsia is played by diet therapy and the rejection of bad habits. Nicotine, alcohol, coffee, disrupting the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, can provoke relapses of the disease. Balanced Diet for patients in this case implies frequent and fractional nutrition, and the content of saturated fatty acids in their diet is recommended to be significantly reduced.

In the dyskinetic form of pathology, the main drugs for the treatment of dyspepsia are prokinetics (metoclopramide and domperidone), which have beneficial action on the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract. It should be remembered that in 20-30% of patients metoclopramide, especially when long-term use, causes undesirable side effects from the CNS in the form of drowsiness, fatigue and anxiety, therefore, domperidone, which does not cause such side effects, is the drug of choice in the treatment of functional dyspepsia.

Treatment of intestinal dyspepsia

Treatment of fermentative dyspepsia consists in limiting, and preferably in the complete exclusion of carbohydrates from the diet for 3-4 days. General state patients with this form of dyspepsia suffer slightly. fermentative dyspepsia in acute form at proper diet quickly eliminated. However, sometimes if the diet is not followed, dyspepsia can take a chronic course. Aghilia is an aggravating factor. Dyspepsia in some cases can turn into chronic enteritis and chronic enterocolitis. After 1-2 fasting days, you should prescribe increased amount proteins (cottage cheese, lean meat, boiled fish), meat broth With a small amount white bread. In the future, porridge on the water, fruit purees and kissels are gradually included in the diet (see Diet No. 4 according to Pevzner). After 2-3 weeks, vegetables and fruits are allowed.

If diarrhea does not pass quickly, appoint calcium carbonate 0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day, magnesium perhydrol 0.5 g 3 times a day. On the for a long time prohibit the use of vegetables rich in coarse vegetable fiber - cabbage, legumes, cucumbers, beets, etc.

Treatment of putrefactive dyspepsia also lies in the appointment of a diet. After one day of fasting, they switch to a diet rich in carbohydrates. It is advisable to prescribe fruit juices, grated apples 1-1.5 kg per day for 2-3 days. Then, mucous decoctions from rice are included in the diet, semolina on water, crackers, White bread. After 5-7 days add butter, fresh lean fish, chicken meat, vegetable soups, mashed potatoes or carrots. From medications recommended natural gastric juice, bismuth nitrate, pancreatin, chloramphenicol.

Treatment of fatty dyspepsia It comes down to limiting the amount of fat you eat. Complete animal proteins are included in the diet: lean meat, low-fat cottage cheese, boiled fish, etc. Moderately limit the intake of carbohydrates. Of the medicines, calcium carbonate, bismuth, vitamins are prescribed - vitamin C, a nicotinic acid, cyanocobalamin.