What sweets can be with cholelithiasis. A diet for cholelithiasis will help avoid exacerbations, diversify the menu. Keeping a diet for gallstone disease

The reason for the disruption of the gallbladder, its inflammation can be heredity, stress, malnutrition, which is dominated by fatty heavy foods. It is worth treating gallstone disease not only with medicines, but also with proper dietary nutrition.

Why is a diet necessary for gallbladder diseases?

The main task of the diet for cholelithiasis is to eliminate cholesterol metabolism disorders and reduce the load on the gallbladder, which is negatively affected by excessive salt intake. First of all, the consumption of fats and complex carbohydrates is limited. It will be possible to restore disturbed cholesterol metabolism if you refuse products containing its excess.

Allowed products for cholelithiasis

People suffering from chronic gallstone disease can use:

• lightly dried rye or wheat bread;
• no more than a tablespoon of butter per day;
• a limited amount of olive or sunflower oil (for dressing salads);
• unsalted sauerkraut;
• unsweetened cookies (biscuit, "Maria");
• soft-boiled eggs or steam omelets, but preferably without yolks;
• dishes from low-fat varieties of fish, poultry, meat;
• soft-skinned fruits;
• canned peas;
• green fresh or stewed vegetables;
• cereals, especially buckwheat, rice or oatmeal;
• raw unsalted nuts in a small amount.

Patients are allowed to eat soups, but preferably not on meat, but on cereal or vegetable broths. Some allow themselves milk soups, which normalize intestinal motility. Fish, poultry and meat must be lean, baked or boiled. No fried cutlets and meatballs! The menu can include berries, cheese, homemade cottage cheese, but low-fat, butter and cream in limited quantities.

Particularly useful for patients suffering from cholelithiasis, carrots, watermelons, pumpkins, melons. And if you want to please yourself with sweets, especially for the holidays, then homemade honey, jam, marmalade, marshmallow are allowed.

What is forbidden to eat with diseases of the gallbladder

• fresh white bread and pastries;
• offal;
• fatty meat products and poultry;
• salted, as well as sea oily fish, canned food;
• soups on fish and meat broths with large pieces of meat;
• fatty dairy products;
• sour and hard fruits;
• pearl barley;
• ice cream, chocolate, halva;
• legumes;
• pasta (possible in a minimum amount and hard varieties);
• mushrooms, garlic, green onions, spinach, as well as sorrel, radish, radish;
• alcohol, cocoa, instant and whole coffee, sweet soda, strong tea;
• spices.

Note! You should not use store-bought sweets - cakes with cream, all kinds of buns, as well as liver, kidneys. All these foods contain cholesterol and are difficult to digest by the stomach, causing exacerbations of chronic diseases. It is necessary to refuse them not for a month or two, but for at least several years.

Therapeutic nutrition for cholelithiasis

• On the day the patient should consume 100 g of protein, 450-500 g of carbohydrates, 70 g of fat, salt - no more than 8-10 grams.
• Liquid in the form of plain water should be present in the diet in a volume of at least 2 liters.
• Meals are best divided into small portions, but eat more often - 5-6 times a day.
• Do not make large intervals in eating, no more than 3 hours, so that bile leaves evenly and does not stagnate.
• Light protein should prevail in the diet - these are steamed meat or fish cutlets, protein omelet, cottage cheese, low-fat cheese and milk.
• Nourish the body with unsaturated fats from red fish, avocados, olive oil or nuts.
• People who are also suffering from excess weight are recommended to completely exclude foods rich in complex carbohydrates - cereals, pasta, bread, sweets.
• The standard calorie content per day is 2500-3000 calories.
• It is better to replace sugar with sorbitol or xylitol, but not more than 2 tbsp. spoons per day.
• Snacks are required at least 2 times a day. For them, a baked apple, a slice of dried bread with honey, jelly or mousse from unsweetened fruits, jelly, rosehip broth, a little low-fat cottage cheese seasoned with sour cream are suitable.

Diet number 5

Note! All meals must be warm. Particular emphasis is placed on mucous porridges, and the fat content of dairy products should not be higher than 1-2.5%.

Sample menu for 7 days

For breakfast: tea with milk, oatmeal on the water, low-fat cottage cheese.

For lunch: meatballs, soup with any cereal on vegetable broth, berry jelly.

For an afternoon snack: wheat croutons, a glass of kefir.

For dinner: banana and cottage cheese casserole.

Before bedtime: a glass of low-fat yogurt.

For breakfast: buckwheat on water or with milk, steamed protein omelet, weak coffee with milk.

For lunch: fish broth soup, rice and steam cutlet, compote.

For an afternoon snack: bagels with kefir.

For dinner: boiled chicken with potatoes, non-acid fruits.

Before bedtime: carrot juice.

3rd day

For breakfast: rice milk soup, low-fat cheese, weak tea.

For lunch: vegetarian soup with pasta, boiled beef, buckwheat, jelly.

For an afternoon snack: biscuit cookies and compote.

For dinner: pumpkin cutlets, croutons with tea.

Before bedtime: low-fat kefir.

4th day

For breakfast: semolina porridge, steam cutlets, coffee with milk.

For lunch: vegetable casserole, zucchini soup, berry jelly.

For an afternoon snack: fruits, compote.

For dinner: boiled cabbage rolls, crackers, rosehip broth.

Before bedtime: low-fat yogurt or kefir.

For breakfast: beef stew with rice, bagels, unsweetened tea.

For lunch: borsch without tomatoes, boiled meat or roll, jelly with berries.

For an afternoon snack: low-fat cottage cheese with sour cream.

For dinner: pumpkin milk porridge, unsweetened juice.

Before bedtime: compote.

6th day

For breakfast: stewed vegetables with meatballs, coffee.

For lunch: mashed potatoes and cereal soup with vegetables, boiled fish, juice.

For an afternoon snack: fruits of unsweetened varieties.

For dinner: cottage cheese casserole, biscuits, tea without sugar.

Before bedtime: low-fat kefir.

7th day

For breakfast: oatmeal with milk, boiled sausage, tea with milk.

For lunch: vegetarian soup, meatloaf, berry jelly.

For an afternoon snack: drying and tea.

For dinner: lean boiled fish, beet cutlets, compote.

Before bedtime: kefir.

Such a diet sometimes involves the introduction of certain forbidden foods, such as coffee or sausages. But it is also designed for the period when the disease has receded.

Magnesium diet for cholelithiasis

The first cycle is a gentle drink

In the first days of the diet, only warm liquid is allowed: sweet juices from fruits and berries, green tea with sugar, rosehip broth, slightly diluted with water. The volume of the proposed liquid is 2-3 glasses per day. These portions are drunk in small spoons, but often throughout the day.

The second cycle - pureed food

Pureed food is added to the menu from the first cycle. It can be soups or mucous porridges (semolina, rice, oatmeal), as well as unsweetened fruit mousses, natural jellies, kissels.

Third cycle - new food

On the 5th day, you can add lean meat, cottage cheese or fish. Food is cooked in small portions, boiled or steamed and eaten in 5-6 meals.

Nutrition for gallstone disease (video)

Diet after surgery

Useful recipes for gallstone disease

Boil potatoes and carrots separately. Grind on a grater and mix with a mixer, adding hot milk. Boil for a couple of minutes, stirring.

Boil rice and separately potatoes with carrots. All the ingredients are mixed in grated form, butter is added, poured with water and the mass is brought to a boil.

Curd soufflé

Yolk, a little sugar, sour cream and milk are added to low-fat cottage cheese. The mixture is whipped in a mixer, sent to a double boiler. It turns out an air soufflé that does not burden the patient's organs.

Soup with zucchini and oatmeal

Boil oatmeal and grind it. Finely chop the peeled zucchini, push them to the state of mashed potatoes, add oatmeal to the broth. Plus a glass of milk and bring to a boil, adding a pinch of salt and sugar. At the end, a piece of butter is thrown into the soup.

Important! Non-compliance with the diet during cholelithiasis leads to a worsening of the condition. The liver increases, bile stasis leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and as a result, an increase in stones and surgical intervention.

Next article.

Without treatment and adherence to the diet, this pathology can be complicated by jaundice or acute cholecystitis - conditions that require urgent surgical intervention.

Basic principles of nutrition

It has been proven that the process of formation of insoluble stones in the gallbladder is directly related to the violation of cholesterol metabolism, hormonal imbalance in the body and stagnation of bile against the background of concomitant pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.

More often, cholelithiasis develops in people suffering from obesity, diabetes mellitus, gastritis, pancreatitis, as well as during pregnancy and in women who take hormonal contraceptives for a long time.

Nutrition should be balanced based on the following principles.

• Rejection of cholesterol. Since the process of cholelithiasis is directly related to excess cholesterol entering the body from the outside, it is necessary to limit or completely abandon foods rich in it - egg yolks, liver, oily fish and meat.
• Magnesium. Magnesium salts contribute to the accelerated removal of harmful products of fat metabolism from the body. That is why patients with cholelithiasis or patients at risk are shown a magnesium diet. The most rich in this mineral are apricots, peaches, and buckwheat porridge.
• Alkali. The diet for cholelithiasis must necessarily contain alkaline foods. They dissolve small stones, thin thick bile. To achieve a good result, you need to consume more fresh vegetables, herbs, as well as mineral water.
• Mode . With calculous cholecystitis, you need to eat often, fractionally, that is, the volume of servings should be small. This will prevent the stagnation of bile, which is secreted into the lumen of the duodenum in response to incoming food.

To prevent complications, it is necessary to adhere to, during and after an attack, nutrition should be stricter - selected by the doctor individually. The daily diet should be sufficient in calories, contain an average of 100 g of protein, 400-500 g of carbohydrates and 50-70 g of fat. You need to drink at least 2 liters of fluid per day.

With pathologies of the gallbladder and liver, it is better to drink Borjomi, Luzhanska, Polyana Kvasova.

Approved Products

In general, this diet is varied. Allowed foods and dishes contain a sufficient amount of calories, vitamins and minerals.

• Flour products. Yesterday's gray, white and black bread, croutons without salt and spices.
• First meal . Lean soups, low-fat vegetable broths.
• Side dishes. Cereals on the water (, oatmeal, rice, bulgur,), pasta from durum wheat, legumes (lentils, chickpeas, peas).
• Meat . Chicken, turkey, veal, beef. Meat products should be boiled, steamed or stewed.
• Vegetables . You can use any seasonal vegetables in raw, baked, stewed form. Carrots and beets are especially useful for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis.
• Fruit . You can use without restrictions. To speed up the removal of bad cholesterol, it is better to eat apricots, watermelons, melons.
• Dairy. Skimmed milk, low-fat cottage cheese and sour cream, kefir, natural yogurt, curdled milk.
• Sweets . Patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system can eat homemade jams, jams, marmalade, marshmallows and marshmallows.
• Beverages . Weak black and green teas, jelly, compotes.

If you follow the right diet, such unpleasant symptoms of cholelithiasis as discomfort after eating, heaviness in the right hypochondrium, heartburn and a feeling of bitterness in the mouth are reduced.

Table number 5, shown for cholecystitis and gallstones, can be used in children and adults. It is suitable for pregnant and lactating women. And also for weight loss with overweight.

Prohibited Products

If the diet is violated, the pathology may worsen or lead to complications. Do not eat the following foods.

• Muffin. Fresh bread, pies, pies, pancakes.
• Meat products . Fried meat, lamb, sausages, smoked meats, pates.
• Soups. Fatty, rich meat broths, hodgepodge, borscht.
• Vegetables . Fried potatoes, vegetable stew with butter.
• Sweets . Butter and protein cakes, pastries, ice cream, chocolate.
• Beverages . Coffee, strong tea, energy drinks, sweet sparkling water, spirits.

It is necessary to exclude sour fruits and berries (lemons, oranges, red currants, gooseberries). They irritate the intestinal mucosa, which negatively affects the process of bile secretion. It is important to minimize the amount of salt and spices.

Diet for cholelithiasis

An approximate nutritional pattern for gallstones is as follows.

• Breakfast . Oatmeal with the addition of a small amount of olive oil or cottage cheese with dried fruits, tea.
• Second breakfast. Baked apple or fruit salad.
• Dinner . Vegetarian cabbage soup, stewed vegetables with boiled chicken, compote or lean soup, rice, steam cutlets.
• Afternoon snack. Tea with dry biscuits or crackers.
• Dinner . Boiled potatoes, baked fish, steamed vegetables or salad.
• Second dinner. A cup of kefir or natural yogurt.

During the period of exacerbation, the diet is stricter - legumes, mushrooms, sour vegetables, fruits, cheese and cottage cheese are excluded at this time. One or two days after the attack (with normalization of the condition), you can expand the menu and return to the treatment table No. 5.

Menu after surgery

Nutrition before the operation should be sparing, based on the principles of diet number 5.
After cholecystectomy, the diet is built as follows.

• First hours. After surgery, you can not drink, you can only moisten your lips with water.
• First day. You can drink purified water, herbal decoctions, rosehip infusion.
• In a day and a half. You can drink kefir, yogurt, dried fruit compotes.
• On the third day. You can eat vegetable broths, mashed potatoes, juices.
• In five days. Patients are allowed cereals on the water (oatmeal, rice), vegetables, baked apples.

In the future, you can gradually expand the diet and switch to table number 5. With its strict observance, the recovery process is faster.

Diet is the key to good health and the absence of exacerbations. At the same time, you can take folk remedies. So, decoctions, mountain ash, as well as moderate consumption of vegetable oil contribute to the dissolution of stones.

Chemical. In this stage, the liver produces bile supersaturated with cholesterol, with a reduced content of bile acids and phospholipids in it (lithogenic bile). At this stage, patients have no clinical symptoms of the disease, the diagnosis is based on the results of the study of duodenal contents during duodenal sounding, in particular cystic bile (portion B). In the study of bile, violations of its micellar properties are revealed, cholesterol "flakes", crystals and their precipitates are found. Stones in the gallbladder with cholecystography at this stage are not detected. The first stage can last for many years.

Therapeutic and preventive measures at this stage of cholelithiasis include: general hygienic regimen, systematic physical activity, rational fractional nutrition, prevention of obesity and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, elimination of bile stasis. Possible drug correction of hepatocellular and gallbladder dyscholia.

Food intake with diet No. 5 is fractional (5 times a day). Fried foods are excluded, food is given warm, cold dishes are excluded. Allow vegetarian soups (1/2 plate) with vegetables or cereals, milk soup. Low-fat meats in the form of steam cutlets, chicken can be given in pieces, but boiled. Boiled low-fat fish is allowed, non-acidic cottage cheese (preferably homemade), protein omelettes, milk, mild cheeses, butter. Vegetables are prescribed in raw pureed form. Ripe and sweet fruits and their dishes are recommended. Bread is only white, dried. Legumes (peas, lentils, beans), vegetables and herbs rich in essential oils (garlic, onion, radish, radish) are excluded from the diet. The daily amount of liquid is adjusted to 2--2.5 liters.

You can give fruit and berry juices, rosehip broth, mineral water, weak sweet tea with jam or honey, tea with milk, compotes, fruit drinks, etc.

Fried foods are excluded. You can cook dishes from stews, and also baked (after pre-boiling). The amount of fat in the diet is adjusted to the physiological norm, 1/3 of the fat is given in the form of vegetable oil. Vegetable oil (olive, sunflower, corn) is added to salads, vegetable and cereal side dishes. Eggs are a valuable food product, have an active choleretic effect, enhance the motor function of the gallbladder. At the same time, the presence of these properties provokes pain in a number of patients when eating eggs, which in such cases forces them to limit their introduction into the diet.

It is recommended to consume before meals 100-150 g of raw vegetables and fruits (carrots, sauerkraut, celery, unsweetened and non-acidic varieties of fruits) 3-4 times a day. The diet should be saturated with dietary fiber with the addition of wheat bran (15 g 2 times a day), which often eliminates the lithogenicity of bile and normalizes intestinal motility.

Drug therapy at the first stage of cholelithiasis should be aimed at stimulating the synthesis or secretion of bile acids, as well as suppressing the synthesis or secretion of cholesterol. For these purposes, they are prescribed: phenobarbital at a dose of 0.2 g / day (0.05 in the morning and at lunch and 0.1 g in the evening) and zixorin - 0.3-0.4 g / day (0.1 in the morning and 0.2-0.3 g in the evening). The course of treatment is from 3-4 to 6-7 weeks. After a course of treatment, the level of total bilirubin and cholesterol decreases in patients, and the spectrum of bile acids normalizes.

In order to prevent the formation of cholesterol stones, lyobil can be used (0.4-0.6 g 3 times a day after meals for 3-4 weeks).

Second stage of gallstone disease- latent, asymptomatic, stone carrying is characterized by the same physicochemical changes in the composition of bile as in the first stage with the formation of stones in the gallbladder. However, there are no clear clinical manifestations of the disease at this stage. The process of stone formation at this stage is associated with stagnation of bile, damage to the mucous membrane, inflammation of the gallbladder wall.

The asymptomatic course of cholecystolithiasis can continue for quite a long time, which is confirmed by the detection of "silent" gallstones during X-ray and ultrasound examination of the gallbladder and biliary tract in a fairly large contingent of individuals. Clinical symptoms appear after 5-11 years from the moment of formation of gallstones.

The leading role in the diagnosis of gallstone disease, of course, belongs to X-ray methods of research. Ultrasound is very informative. With its help, it is possible to determine the size and shape of the gallbladder, the thickness of its wall, the presence of stones in it, their number and size.

Treatment in the latent stage of cholelithiasis involves adherence to a diet, giving preference to vegetarian food rich in fiber, avoiding inactivity, obesity.

Currently, in various countries of the world, a lot of experience has been accumulated in the use of drugs henochol, henofalk, ursofalk for the purpose of chemical dissolution of cholesterol (radiotransparent) stones in the gallbladder. Contraindications to the appointment of drugs of these acids are stones with a diameter of more than 2 cm, as well as a non-functioning gallbladder, biliary colic, cirrhosis of the liver, peptic ulcer, pregnancy. The daily dose of henochol, henofalk for patients weighing less than 60 kg is 750 mg (250 in the morning and 500 mg in the evening before bed), for patients weighing more than 70 kg - 1000 mg (250 in the morning and 750 mg in the evening before bed). Under the influence of treatment, the lithogenicity of bile decreases, the stones usually dissolve after 12 or more months. Most patients tolerate therapy well. Sometimes at the beginning of treatment there is a disorder of the stool, usually disappearing with a temporary reduction in the daily dose of the drug to 1-2 capsules. Ursofalk is used depending on body weight from 2 to 5 capsules per day for 12 months. There is a combined drug litofalk, its effectiveness is higher, and side effects are almost non-existent.

The most important achievement of recent years is the development and introduction into practice of the so-called shock wave cholelithotripsy - treatment by crushing large stones (up to 3 cm in diameter) into small fragments, cholesterol in composition (the presence of calcium salts is excluded by cholecystography), using shock waves. The treatment is carried out under anesthesia. Ursofalk therapy should be started 2 weeks before cholelithotripsy, and after the sessions, continue taking the drug until the stones are completely dissolved.

Third stage of gallstone disease- clinical (calculous cholecystitis). Clinical manifestations of gallstone disease depend on the location of gallstones, their size, composition and quantity, inflammation activity, and the functional state of the biliary system. Gallbladder stones located in the body and at the bottom of it (silent zone) do not give obvious clinical symptoms until they enter the cystic duct. A stone that has fallen into the neck of the gallbladder obturates its exit and thereby causes biliary (hepatic) colic. In the future, cervical obturation may be temporary, the stone returns to the gallbladder or penetrates into the cystic duct and stops there or passes into the common bile duct. If the size of the stone (up to 0.5 cm) allows, then it can enter the duodenum and appear in the feces.

The most characteristic symptom for cholelithiasis is an attack of pain in the right hypochondrium - the so-called biliary or hepatic colic. Fatty foods, spices, smoked meats, spicy seasonings, sharp physical stress, work in an inclined position, as well as infection and negative emotions provoke an attack. In women, colic sometimes coincides with menstruation or develops after childbirth.

Biliary colic begins suddenly. At the beginning of the attack, the pain is diffuse and covers the entire right hypochondrium, and then concentrates in the gallbladder or in the epigastric region. The pain varies in intensity: from strong, cutting to relatively weak, aching. Sometimes the pain radiates to the lumbar region, to the region of the heart, provoking an attack of angina pectoris. A painful attack can last from several minutes to several hours and even days, and the pain either subsides or intensifies again. Strengthened contractions of the gallbladder contribute to the further advancement of the stone; sometimes, after relaxation of the spasm, the stone slips back into the "silent" zone - the bottom of the gallbladder. In both cases, the attack ends as suddenly as it begins, and the patient's condition improves. If the attack of colic is protracted, then at the end of it jaundice may occur as a result of a prolonged spasm of the common bile duct, usually short-term (2-3 days) and not reaching great intensity.

Biliary colic is usually accompanied by nausea and repeated vomiting, patients report a feeling of heaviness in the pit of the stomach, flatulence, and unstable stools. An increase in body temperature is a fairly reliable sign of an inflammatory reaction that has joined or caused hepatic colic. High temperature (more than 38 ° C) is often a sign of purulent and destructive cholecystitis.

In cholelithiasis, complications often develop that require surgical intervention: obstruction of the common bile or hepatic bile duct by a stone with the occurrence of jaundice, blockage of the cystic duct with the appearance of dropsy of the gallbladder, perforation of the gallbladder into the abdominal cavity with the development of bile peritonitis, progressive liver failure and pancreatic necrosis glands. Against the background of prolonged calculous cholecystitis, gallbladder cancer may develop.

Laparoscopic examination contributes to the clarification of the diagnosis and the implementation of therapeutic measures. In the acute phase, the gallbladder is enlarged, tense, its wall is infiltrated, dull, with dilated vessels, in some places covered with fibrin. With a diagnostic and at the same time therapeutic purpose, under the control of a laparoscope, a gallbladder puncture can be performed. In this case, you can get information about the nature of the inflammatory process in it.

During an attack of biliary colic, patients usually need emergency medical care and hospitalization in the surgical department.

The operation is indicated in all cases when early clinical symptoms of calculous cholecystitis (colic, fever, lack of stable remission in the intervals between attacks) join. Surgical treatment is advisable even with a mild clinical picture of chronic calculous cholecystitis. In the presence of large (more than 3 cm) stones, which create the risk of pressure sores, and small (5 mm or less) stones, due to the possibility of their exit into the bile ducts, patients need surgical intervention. Elective surgery should be carried out before recurrent attacks, in the absence of complications and concomitant pathology.

The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy into clinical practice is promising. This method saves the patient from a long stay in the hospital in the postoperative period, as well as from a cosmetic defect - a postoperative scar after cholecystectomy with normal access.

It is known that the removal of the gallbladder due to calculous cholecystitis does not relieve patients of metabolic disorders, including hepatocellular dyscholia, the latter persists after surgery. In most patients, lithogenic bile is determined, which disrupts the digestion and absorption of fat and other lipid substances, reduces the bactericidal activity of bile, leads to microbial seeding of the duodenum, weakening the growth and functioning of normal intestinal microflora.

The number of patients in whom pain and dyspeptic disorders remain or recur after removal of the gallbladder is quite large.

The state of stable compensation in patients who have undergone cholecystectomy is achieved by observing the diet and using medications.

The diet provides for maximum sparing of the biliary system and a decrease in bile secretion, sparing of the gastrointestinal tract. The sparing diet No. 5 provides for a reduction in calories, a normal protein content, a significant restriction of fats and foods containing a large amount of cholesterol, and a restriction of easily digestible carbohydrates. 1.5-2 months after the operation, diet No. 5 is recommended, enriched with fiber (wheat bran, carrots, corn, oatmeal, salads, fruit juices, etc.). Such a diet normalizes the chemical composition of bile.

Along with a diet, medications are used in therapy, since in most patients, therapeutic nutrition alone fails to eliminate pain and dyspeptic symptoms, improve the chemical composition of bile and eliminate other signs of the disease.

In therapy, agents are used that normalize the function of the sphincters of the bile ducts and duodenum (nitroglycerin, debridet, nepatofalk, no-shpa), bile acid adsorbents (remagel, phosphalugel, cholestyramine), which reduce inflammation of the mucous membrane (de-nol, vikair, venter, etc. .), suppressing the activity of pathological microbial flora (furazolidone, biseptol, erythromycin, etc.). With reactive hepatitis, hepatoprotective agents (Essentiale, Planta, Lipamide) are prescribed, and with adequate doses of enzyme preparations (pancreatin, trienzyme, etc.).

Issues of prevention of stone formation in patients undergoing cholecystectomy are closely related to the problem of obesity. In this regard, along with a hypocaloric diet that provides a decrease in body weight, bile preparations (lyobil, etc.), as well as ursofalk, chenofalk, are recommended to normalize the chemical composition of bile.

The issue of using choleretics and cholekinetics in patients after cholecystectomy remains controversial and unresolved. Their appointment should be treated with restraint. A direct indication for the use of these drugs in patients with removed gallbladder is only the remaining lithogenicity of bile, despite long-term adherence to the dietary regimen.

Conservative treatment of cholelithiasis is aimed at creating conditions for a better outflow of bile and reducing the tendency to further stone formation: a mobile lifestyle, frequent meals with restriction of foods containing cholesterol, mineral waters and choleretic drugs are recommended.

Prohibited foods and dishes

A complete diet requires the elimination of foods high in fat and cholesterol.

• Any sausages and sausages should be excluded in the first place.
• Fatty meats are also banned. You can not eat pork, goose, duck meat. Offal and lard are also prohibited.
• Fatty meat and fish broths.
• Marinades, preserves, pickles.
• Egg yolks are a powerful source of cholesterol.
• Barley, corn, barley and millet groats.
• Any fast food, sushi, pizza.
• Fatty fish species (saury, herring, sabrefish, burbot, catfish, salmon, sturgeon).
• Dairy products that are high in fat: cream, blue cheese, full fat milk.
• Pancakes, pies, bread from white varieties, muffins in case of illness are strictly prohibited.
• Sweets with rich cream, eclairs, buns, cakes, chocolate and ice cream.
• Mushrooms are an extremely heavy food. They should not be consumed in any quantity.
• , mustard, horseradish, mayonnaise, spicy ketchup.
• Sour fruits and vegetables.
• Coffee, carbonated drinks, strong tea, alcohol.

All of the listed foods and drinks negatively affect not only the state of the urinary system, but also cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Allowed foods for gallstone disease

Despite the large number of prohibitions in case of illness, the therapeutic diet can be varied, and the food is delicious. From the allowed products, you can cook almost any dish that a person is used to. When dieting, you can eat:

• Oatmeal, rice, semolina.
• Boiled pasta with a drop of oil.
• Crackers, bran bread, biscuits, crispbread, crackers.
• Low-fat and dietary meat (chicken, beef, turkey, rabbit meat). Meat in clinical nutrition is best consumed in the form of minced meat.
• Seafood high in iodine (oysters, shrimp, octopus, squid, seaweed).
• Butter and vegetable oils in reasonable quantities.
• Nuts, seeds, dried fruits, marshmallow, honey (in moderation).
• Soups on vegetable broths, milk soup.
• Vegetables (cucumbers, carrots, bell peppers, cabbage).
• Fruits (, apples, apricots).
• Egg whites (omelet).
• Fresh dairy products with a low percentage of fat content (cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt, store milk).
• Tea or coffee with milk, still mineral water.

A well-composed diet with the use of these products will not only help the gallbladder at the time of an exacerbation of the disease, but will also have a positive effect on the body as a whole.

The role of vitamins in the treatment of gallstone disease

Lead to the formation of stones and may lack of vitamins in the body. This is not the determining cause of the development of the disease, but with beriberi it is much more difficult to deal with it. Therefore, in the diet for cholelithiasis, it is important not only proper nutrition, but also additional enrichment with vitamins.

An important vitamin that is involved in metabolic processes is vitamin C. , as it significantly reduces the risk of disease. It can be obtained from:

• currants;
• kiwi;
• citrus;
• green peas;
• cabbage.

With severe beriberi, it is not always possible to get by with some products, so vitamin C can be bought at a pharmacy in the form of tablets or powder, but after discussing this with your doctor in advance.

Vitamin E necessary for a person with gallstone disease, to reduce the level of cholesterol in bile. Such a vitamin cannot be formed in the body, but it can be obtained by eating:

• nuts;
• sunflower seeds;
• soya beans;
• olive oil.

Nutrition for gallbladder disease

Keeping up with the regimen and following the rules for gallstone disease can be difficult. Usually the most difficult thing is to eat fractionally, but since the stomach begins to decrease, you can get used to this regimen in one week and the body itself will not want to take more food.

With such a disease, it is important to monitor the hours of eating. Dinner, while following a diet, should be no later than 2 hours before bedtime, so that the stomach is empty before bedtime. A glass of kefir is ideal for this.

Treatment of the disease will not bring results if the correct composition of bile is not achieved. Therapeutic diet involves a large intake of proteins. They are found in the greatest quantities in meat, egg white and dairy products.

After the diet, you can not pounce on the coveted sausages and bacon. From this, not only the gallbladder, but the whole body will experience severe stress. Introduce familiar foods into the diet should be gradual and in small quantities.

People suffering from cholelithiasis should continue to eat fractionally and consider the diet not as a temporary phenomenon, but as a way of life. Therefore, after treatment, you can not eat only harmful foods again, this can quickly lead to a relapse.

Video: Nutrition for gallstone disease

Gallstone disease is a reason to start a diet, because it is in this case that it will be possible to avoid changes in the composition and degree of density of bile. Despite the importance of changing the diet, this is far from the only condition, because the use of drugs is also an important step in therapy. However, at least 50% of success is given to the diet.

Diet norms

Before talking about what you can and cannot eat with cholelithiasis, I would like to draw attention to the main goal of the diet. We are talking about providing good nutrition, which will be characterized by the presence of proteins and carbohydrates in the optimal amount with the restriction of fats. It is due to the observance of the presented measures that it turns out to simultaneously achieve three goals that are key to the treatment of the disease.

Experts point out that the diet helps to achieve chemical sparing of the liver, stabilization of all its functions and well-coordinated work of the biliary tract. In addition, it is proper nutrition for cholelithiasis that helps prevent the formation of new stones (we are talking about stones). In accordance with the list of diets, the presented diet refers to table number 5.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the content of all components, namely proteins, fats, carbohydrates and salt, is calculated and determined long ago. Of course, in each case, the amount may vary slightly. However, in general, the indicators are as follows: proteins from 85 to 90 grams, fats from 70 to 80 grams, carbohydrates from 300 to 350 grams. (while sugar is not more than 70-80) and, finally, salt - up to 10 gr.

Particularly noteworthy are the indicators of the energy value of the treatment table, in general, which reach from 2170 to 2480 during the day. Next, we will talk in more detail about the features of the table and what exactly can or cannot be eaten during an illness.

Diet regimes and cooking rules

First of all, experts pay attention to the diet, which should be fractional and be five to six meals a day.

It is important to eat food at the same time of the day, because it is precisely due to this that it turns out to set up the gallbladder for bile synthesis at a specific time period. This prevents the formation of colic and other problematic or painful sensations.

Next, attention is paid to the culinary processing of food, which should be served in a crushed form. By themselves, the products can be steamed, boiled without skins, as well as baked. Rarely, but still you can eat stews. The least desirable cooking method is, of course, frying. That is why any fried foods and foods should not be eaten.

Food should not be served cold or hot, ideal indicators will be from 15 to 65 degrees, while it will be possible to exclude the formation of bile, irritation of the gastric mucosa. The use of salt should be limited, because the component in significant quantities contributes to the thickening of the blood and the formation of puffiness. If we talk about the use of liquid, then this must be done in an amount of more than two liters. The following features of dietary nutrition for cholelithiasis can be considered unconditional:

• restriction of alcohol, and even better - its absolute exclusion, is the key to maintaining the health of the entire gastrointestinal system and internal organs;
• It is recommended to chew each bite thoroughly in order to be satisfied with just small volumes. This makes it possible to facilitate the activity of the stomach and intestines without overloading the gallbladder area;
• experts insist on limiting or absolute exclusion of any seasonings. Dishes with them cannot be eaten, because they are characterized by an excessive load on the stomach, as well as the ability to irritate the mucous membrane.

These are the nutritional norms for cholelithiasis, which are mandatory. The following will be a list of products that are not only possible, but even necessary to eat.

Foods you can eat

It is allowed to use rye bread, bran, dry biscuit.

The list may include rice and semolina, as well as boiled pasta. It is permissible for cholelithiasis to eat lean meats, ham and milk sausages, because they do not overload the human stomach.

In addition, experts point to the benefits of lean fish, some seafood, nuts (especially cashews). Sunflower and pumpkin seeds, butter and unrefined oil, which must be added to dishes without being consumed in its pure form, will help optimize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Further, I would like to note that you can use tea and coffee with milk content, alkaline water and diluted juices.

Particularly noteworthy are vegetarian soups, borscht and broths, which help maintain the ideal state of the intestinal microflora. In addition, baked apples, bananas or pomegranates are very useful for cholelithiasis. This list contains jellies, marmalades and some other sweets, as well as milk, kefir and sour-milk products, if they were recommended by a specialist.

The list is complemented by such products and compositions as egg white prepared as a steam omelet, as well as mild types of cheeses (allowed for consumption in limited quantities). Next, I would like to draw attention to the list of all those foods that cannot be eaten, because they provoke an increased load on the gallbladder and provoke the formation of stones.

What not to eat from foods with cholelithiasis

The list of prohibited products is no less impressive and in some cases it can be supplemented by a specialist. This may occur depending on the age, the presence or absence of certain problems in the patient's state of health.

Speaking about what foods are unacceptable even for infrequent use, you can and should focus on fast food, caviar and sushi, fresh bread or rich pastries (many other bakery products are also harmful, as well as pancakes or pancakes).

Spicy or salty types of cheese, fermented baked milk, sour cream and other high-fat fermented milk products can affect the development of complications. Experts call yolk and scrambled eggs, animal fats, as well as lard and margarine just as harmful. You will need to abandon rich meat broths, as well as fish-based formulations. Mushrooms cooked in any form are prohibited, the same applies to legumes, sorrel and some other ingredients.

As noted earlier, it is strongly recommended to abandon the use of seasonings, fatty fish, offal - canned food, smoked meats. Sausages, spicy and bitter herbs can negatively affect the work of the pancreas. In addition, it is important to give up certain drinks that are familiar to many, namely cocoa, strong coffee and tea. An unconditional contraindication should be considered the use of meat of fatty varieties.

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1. Can cancer be prevented?
The occurrence of a disease such as cancer depends on many factors. No one can be completely safe. But everyone can significantly reduce the chances of a malignant tumor.

2. How does smoking affect the development of cancer?
Absolutely, categorically ban yourself from smoking. This truth is already tired of everyone. But quitting smoking reduces the risk of developing all types of cancer. Smoking is associated with 30% of cancer deaths. In Russia, lung tumors kill more people than tumors of all other organs.
Eliminating tobacco from your life is the best prevention. Even if you smoke not a pack a day, but only half, the risk of lung cancer is already reduced by 27%, as the American Medical Association found.

3. Does excess weight affect the development of cancer?
Keep your eyes on the scales! Extra pounds will affect not only the waist. The American Institute for Cancer Research has found that obesity contributes to the development of tumors in the esophagus, kidneys, and gallbladder. The fact is that adipose tissue serves not only to store energy reserves, it also has a secretory function: fat produces proteins that affect the development of a chronic inflammatory process in the body. And oncological diseases just appear against the background of inflammation. In Russia, 26% of all cancer cases are associated with obesity.

4. Does exercise help reduce the risk of cancer?
Set aside at least half an hour a week for exercise. Sport is on the same level as proper nutrition when it comes to cancer prevention. In the US, a third of all deaths are attributed to the fact that patients did not follow any diet and did not pay attention to physical education. The American Cancer Society recommends exercising 150 minutes a week at a moderate pace or half as much but more vigorously. However, a study published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer in 2010 proves that even 30 minutes is enough to reduce the risk of breast cancer (which affects one in eight women in the world) by 35%.

5.How does alcohol affect cancer cells?
Less alcohol! Alcohol is blamed for causing tumors in the mouth, larynx, liver, rectum, and mammary glands. Ethyl alcohol breaks down in the body to acetaldehyde, which then, under the action of enzymes, turns into acetic acid. Acetaldehyde is the strongest carcinogen. Alcohol is especially harmful to women, as it stimulates the production of estrogen - hormones that affect the growth of breast tissue. Excess estrogen leads to the formation of breast tumors, which means that every extra sip of alcohol increases the risk of getting sick.

6. Which cabbage helps fight cancer?
Love broccoli. Vegetables are not only part of a healthy diet, they also help fight cancer. This is also why recommendations for healthy eating contain the rule: half of the daily diet should be vegetables and fruits. Especially useful are cruciferous vegetables, which contain glucosinolates - substances that, when processed, acquire anti-cancer properties. These vegetables include cabbage: ordinary white cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli.

7. Which organ cancer is affected by red meat?
The more vegetables you eat, the less red meat you put on your plate. Studies have confirmed that people who eat more than 500 grams of red meat per week have a higher risk of developing colon cancer.

8. Which of the proposed remedies protect against skin cancer?
Stock up on sunscreen! Women aged 18-36 are particularly susceptible to melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. In Russia, in just 10 years, the incidence of melanoma has increased by 26%, world statistics show an even greater increase. Both artificial tanning equipment and the sun's rays are blamed for this. The danger can be minimized with a simple tube of sunscreen. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2010 confirmed that people who regularly apply a special cream get melanoma half as often as those who neglect such cosmetics.
The cream should be chosen with a protection factor of SPF 15, applied even in winter and even in cloudy weather (the procedure should turn into the same habit as brushing your teeth), and also do not expose yourself to sunlight from 10 to 16 hours.

9. Do you think stress affects the development of cancer?
By itself, stress does not cause cancer, but it weakens the entire body and creates conditions for the development of this disease. Research has shown that constant worry alters the activity of the immune cells responsible for turning on the fight-and-flight mechanism. As a result, a large amount of cortisol, monocytes and neutrophils, which are responsible for inflammatory processes, constantly circulate in the blood. And as already mentioned, chronic inflammatory processes can lead to the formation of cancer cells.

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