enzymatic dyspepsia. How to treat dyspepsia. What is dyspepsia - video

Unpleasant sensations in the upper abdomen, sometimes radiating to the sternum, a feeling of fullness, flatulence, belching, nausea, burning, rapid liquid stool, aversion to food and a feeling of rapid satiety - all these symptoms, which speak of indigestion, doctors call general concept"dyspepsia". That this is not a disease, but rather a syndrome, has been established for a long time. Don't be scared, let's try to figure it out. If you find any in yourself, you should attend to the search for the root cause of the ailment. And by the way, you don't have to wait until you experience all of the above. Enough and a couple of symptoms.

Varieties of dyspepsia

So, dyspepsia: what is this ailment and what are the causes of its occurrence? Physicians distinguish two groups:

1. The first is dyspepsia caused by enzyme deficiency. What does it mean? And so, that some organs involved in digestion do not perform their function well enough, as a result of which the stomach and others are unable to work properly, and, accordingly, processes that are not very pleasant for our body begin to occur, associated with poor-quality digestion of food .

What organs can sabotage the overall process? It turns out that any: liver, gallbladder, pancreas, intestines, the stomach itself and even several organs at once. Accordingly, dyspepsia can be hepatogenic, cholecystogenic, pancreatogenic, gastrogenic, enterogenic and mixed.

It is obvious that in this case one should first find out the cause and identify the rebellious organ (or organs), and then proceed to eradicate the main problem.

2. The second type of dyspepsia, which, by the way, is much more common, is What does this mean? A person is completely frivolous about his diet, and in recent times made some serious mistakes in it. Namely: unreasonably actively leaned on any type of food that, in excessive quantities, leads to an imbalance digestive system i.e. dyspepsia. Here it is customary to distinguish three subtypes. when the search concerned carbohydrates (legumes, cabbage, fruits, honey, sweets and starchy foods), which, in too large quantities, provoke fermentation in the intestines, forcing a person to experience the entire unpleasant spectrum of sensations mentioned above. Putrefactive dyspepsia: here the culprits are proteins that require a long time to digest (lamb, beef, pork, as well as sausages and other derived products). More precisely, not the proteins themselves, but their immoderate use. Fatty dyspepsia (it is also called soapy: it leads to the immoderate absorption of refractory fats, for example, lamb and pork).

You are what you eat

If dyspepsia is alimentary in nature, the patient, of course, must first of all stop using dangerous product, as well as all products from various "risk groups". Even better - immediately put yourself on a diet (it's easy to find out what a healthy diet should be now). But let us remind you that you will have to exclude everything fatty, spicy, fried, sweet, flour, etc., and, if possible, cook your own food for a couple, with a small amount of oil and spices. It will take at least a few days to keep the body on such a strict regimen.

You already know about this unpleasant illness like dyspepsia. What is it and how to deal with it, prompt experienced doctors. And self-medication is not worth it. After all, you cannot be sure of the accuracy of the diagnosis you have made yourself, which means you risk indefinitely postponing the treatment of any other disease that you mistakenly dub the term "dyspepsia". Prevention, of course, will not be superfluous in this case either, but it may not be enough, and your body, through new, more bright symptoms, will require serious treatment from you.

Dyspeptic disorders occur in most people. It's complicated pathological condition, which accompanies many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and can also manifest itself with errors in diet and emotional overload. It is very important to diagnose the disease in time in order to qualitatively approach its treatment.

What is dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a complex painful manifestations in the stomach, which is often accompanied by indigestion. This ailment is acid-dependent and manifests itself in most people with increased secretory function of the digestive glands. Dyspeptic syndrome may indicate the presence of a certain pathology of the gastrointestinal tract or be an independent disease. Bump of hydrochloric acid goes to the stomach different reasons. Dyspepsia can occur in both adults and children. In the first case, the symptoms are especially pronounced, and in the second case, they can be periodic and not so pronounced.

The structure of the digestive system shows the close proximity of all organs. Dyspepsia is often caused by pathology near the organs located to the stomach.

What is dyspepsia - video

Classification of pathology

Dyspeptic syndrome is divided into functional and organic. The first type is characterized by the presence of certain symptoms in practically healthy people. The second type of the disease appears against the background of other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Functional dyspepsia has the following classification:

1. Ulcerative syndrome. In its manifestations, this type is similar to peptic ulcer stomach, but does not have characteristic mucosal defects.
2. Dyskinetic. Symptoms occur immediately after eating. And often accompanied by manifestations from the intestines: flatulence, false calls to defecation.
3. Non-specific. It has mixed symptoms of the above forms. Almost never occurs in children.

There is also the following classification of dyspeptic syndrome:

1. Alimentary view. It develops against the background of errors in the diet and the predominance of one or another product in the diet. This type is divided into:
   • fermentation form - occurs when there is a significant amount of carbohydrate food in the diet;
   • putrefactive - develops with the use of a large amount of protein, especially stale;
   • soapy or fatty - occurs with the predominance of fats in the menu.
2. Toxic. Occurs against the backdrop of various food poisoning, as well as intoxication with toxic substances. It is divided into the following subtypes:
   • intoxication - manifested by both stomach pains and intestinal upset;
   • intestinal toxicosis - develops against the background of inhibition of normal microflora and the introduction of pathogenic.
3. Neurotic. Appears in the background increased anxiety and other psychological disorders.
4. Simple. May have mixed symptoms of several types. However, it does not appear too sharply. There are mild symptoms.
5. Biliary. Associated with the release of bile into the stomach. This process causes characteristic symptoms. Accompanied by dysfunction of the gallbladder.
6. Enzymatic. Develops due to lack of digestive enzymes. Subdivided into:
   • gastrogenic type - occurs when there is a violation of the production of hydrochloric acid and enzymes in the stomach;
   • enterogenic - develops as a result of a violation of secretion in the intestine;
   • pancreatogenic - is a consequence of a lack of pancreatic enzymes;
   • hepatogenic - occurs when there is a violation of the production of bile by the liver.

Causes and development factors

Dyspeptic syndrome may have the following causes:

• infections that enter the stomach when eating poor-quality food;
• chronic gastritis with increased secretory function;
• chronic pancreatitis and cholecystitis;
• cholelithiasis;
• chronic enterocolitis and sigmoiditis;
• taking some medicines: antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives and acetylsalicylic acid.

Foods that increase acidity can be a provoking factor. gastric juice and promote hypersecretion, causing heartburn, pain and burning in the epigastrium. These primarily include sour, fatty and fried foods, as well as fast food.

The main symptoms of the disease

Distinctive signs of pathology directly depend on its form. The alimentary view is characterized by:

• flatulence;
• pain in the abdomen;
• belching;
• a feeling of fullness in the stomach.

The toxic type has the following symptoms:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• burning in the epigastrium;
• diarrhea;
• increase in body temperature.

Neurotic dyspepsia manifests itself:

• increased nervousness;
• burning in the stomach;
• nausea;
• lump in throat;
• alternating diarrhea and constipation.

The biliary view is characterized by:

• burning in the epigastrium;
• change in stool color;
• morning sickness;
• pain in the right hypochondrium;
• diarrhea.

Enzymatic dyspepsia manifests itself:

• nausea;
• heaviness in the stomach and a feeling of fullness;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea with residue undigested food.

Differences in symptoms of organic and functional dyspepsia - table

Diagnostic studies

In the presence of dyspeptic manifestations, it is prescribed whole complex diagnostic studies:

1. FGDS. It is a method of examining the gastrointestinal tract using a special endoscope - a thin tube with a camera that is placed through oral cavity into the esophagus and stomach to obtain a detailed picture of the mucous membrane. This reveals microscopic changes, as well as ulcers, erosions and polyps.
2. Colonoscopy. This method is similar to the previous one, however, with it, the endoscope is inserted through the rectum and thus any changes in the mucous membrane are diagnosed. In this case, it is possible to differentiate dyspepsia from bowel cancer and other functional diseases.
3. Biochemical study of blood. By using this method the level of liver parameters is determined, as well as the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in the blood.
4. Irrigoscopy. With the help of an x-ray examination of the stomach and intestines, the state of these organs is determined. The procedure is done with liquid barium, which the patient must first swallow. It is this substance that is radiopaque and, enveloping the mucous membranes, allows you to get a detailed picture of the organs.
5. ultrasound. Ultrasound procedure allows you to identify chronic pancreatitis, changes in the liver and the state of the gallbladder.
6. Study of feces. Conducted to determine hidden blood and microorganisms that can cause dyspeptic disorders.

Drug treatment of dyspeptic disorders and first aid

First aid for acute manifestation dyspeptic syndrome is to eliminate the symptoms. This is especially important in the presence of an infection. In this case, you should take adsorbents that will help remove pathogens of toxic dyspepsia from the body, as well as an excessive amount of hydrochloric acid. These drugs include Enterosgel and activated charcoal. If this causes diarrhea, then you can take Smecta.

Medical treatment dyspeptic disorders depends on manifestation characteristic symptoms. The following groups of drugs are most often used:

1. Intestinal antibiotics and antidiarrheals. Among the antiseptics that are used for toxic dyspepsia, Alfa Normix is ​​distinguished, which acts directly in the stomach and intestines. Antidiarrheals used when prolonged diarrhea. Most often it is Loperamide and Smecta.
2. Antiemetic drugs. Apply when constant nausea and vomiting. These drugs block the vomiting center in the brain and eliminate unpleasant manifestations. These include: Cerucal and Motilium.
3. Remedies for heartburn and burning in the stomach. Antacids help to neutralize the aggressive components of hydrochloric acid and have an enveloping effect on the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach. Most often, Maalox, Rennie and Gastal are prescribed.
4. Antispasmodics and motility stimulants. They help to eliminate pain in the abdomen and accelerate the movement of food through all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, preventing fermentation processes. They include Trimedat.
5. Prebiotics and probiotics. stimulate growth beneficial microflora and regulate bowel function. The most popular of this line of products are: Linex and Hilak Forte.
6. Blockers proton pump. Used for hypersecretion of the digestive glands. These drugs block the release of hydrochloric acid, lowering the acidity of the stomach. Most often prescribed: Omez and Nolpazu.
7. Enzymes. Contribute to high-quality digestion of food with insufficient work of the pancreas. Apply Pancreatin, Mezim and Creon.

Medications used for dyspepsia - gallery

Alpha Normix is ​​an intestinal antibiotic
Smecta eliminates diarrhea and dyspeptic manifestations in the stomach Motilium blocks the vomiting center in the brain

Gastal envelops the gastric mucosa, relieving burning sensation Trimedat eliminates pain in the stomach and intestines Hilak Forte restores intestinal microflora
Omez blocks the release of hydrochloric acid Mezim improves the quality of digestion

Diet food and list of prohibited foods

Dietary nutrition in the presence of dyspepsia contributes to the regulation of digestion and prevents the occurrence of pain and flatulence. To do this, exclude all products that can cause hypersecretion and fermentation processes in the intestine. These include:

• fresh fruits, especially apples, grapes and citrus fruits;
• fresh vegetables: eggplant, tomatoes, mushrooms, cabbage, legumes and onions;
• spices;
• soda;
• alcohol;
• semi-finished products;
• baking;
• fatty and fried foods;
• fast food;
• ice cream;
• sauces.

List of prohibited products - gallery

Fruits enhance fermentation processes in the intestines Vegetables adversely affect the irritated gastric mucosa Spices enhance the secretion of hydrochloric acid
Alcohol is detrimental to the digestive organs Semi-finished products increase secretion and fermentation Baking contributes to heartburn and flatulence
Confectionery causes a burning sensation in the stomach Fatty foods increase dyspepsia Fast food adversely affects the functioning of the digestive tract

Ice cream is not consumed due to its low temperature Sauces provoke increased secretion Lemonade irritates the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract

• dairy and dairy products;
• cereals from buckwheat, millet and oats;
• vegetable stew of zucchini and potatoes;
• fish steam cutlets;
• bananas and persimmons;
• jelly;
• rosehip decoction;
• mashed potatoes;
• vegetarian cabbage soup;
• soups with vermicelli;
• pasta.

Dairy products help eliminate burning and pain in the stomach Cereal porridge improves the functioning of the digestive tract Vegetable stew is well absorbed
Steam cutlets are very useful Bananas promote bowel function
persimmon renders astringent action eliminating heartburn
Kissel envelops the stomach Rosehip broth reduces inflammation Mashed potatoes are not a secretion stimulant
You can add chicken to cabbage soup Vermicelli soup can be seasoned with herbs
Macaroni don't render negative impact on the gastrointestinal tract

Folk methods of treatment

For the treatment of dyspeptic disorders, methods are often used traditional medicine. The most effective recipes:

1. Anti-inflammatory collection that has an antispasmodic effect. To prepare a decoction, you will need the following herbs: chamomile, mint, calamus and licorice. They should be taken in equal amounts and mixed. 1 st. l. mixture, pour 350 ml of boiling water and put on low heat. After boiling for 10 minutes, cool and filter. Then take a quarter cup 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals for 10-14 days.
2. Remedy for stomach pain. To prepare it, you need 1 medium potato. It must be cleaned and grated, then squeeze the juice through cheesecloth into a glass. Add to it 0.5 tsp. honey and lemon juice. Mix everything thoroughly and heat slightly. Take 3 times a day 10 minutes before meals warm form in a week.
3. Collection that regulates the work of the stomach and intestines. To prepare it, you need mint, chamomile and St. John's wort. They should be mixed in equal amounts. Take 1 tbsp. l. mixture and pour 300 ml of boiling water. Cover and let stand for about 30 minutes. Then filter and take 3 times a day half an hour before meals, a quarter cup for 10 days.

It is very beneficial for the stomach and intestines to chew flax seeds. In the process, the formation of useful mucus occurs, which, when swallowed, has a beneficial effect on the condition of the mucous membrane. digestive organs. Eliminates pain, burning and others unpleasant symptoms. To do this, you should use flax seeds on an empty stomach for 1 tsp. within a month. They need to be chewed carefully.

Calamus has a mild choleretic effect Lemon reduces nausea

Treatment prognosis and possible complications

When determining the cause and type of dyspeptic disorder, as a rule, the prognosis is favorable, if you approach the treatment in a comprehensive manner and follow all the doctor's instructions. Consequences can occur only if the cause of the syndrome is a stomach ulcer, which, when untimely therapy may lead to bleeding. The same goes for pancreatitis and cholecystitis. In the first case, there is a risk of self-digestion of the organ, as a result of which you can get on the operating table. This condition can lead to death.

cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis also poses a danger. The pathological process may cause blockage bile duct, resulting in the removal of the organ.

Preventive actions

Prevention of dyspeptic disorders is as follows:

1. In the early diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, ulcers, enterocolitis.
2. Reduced levels of anxiety, stress and emotional overload.
3. Rational nutrition with the exception of foods that increase acidity.
4. Avoiding snacking and fast food on the run.

Dyspeptic disorders respond well to treatment, especially on initial stage. An important point the identification of a provoking factor is considered, after the elimination of which, the patient's condition improves. Compliance with prevention contributes to normal work gastrointestinal tract.

Dyspepsia (translated from Greek - " poor digestion") - this is chronic disorder intestinal activity. If after eating you feel pain in the abdomen and other unpleasant symptoms, there is every reason to suspect that you have this disease. It should be noted that pain in dyspepsia is chronic. If they are kept by at least 12 weeks a year, a doctor can make a diagnosis. It is believed that about 50% of our compatriots suffer from this disease. It is very important to treat dyspeptic symptoms as early as possible in order not only to alleviate the patient's condition, but also to protect against the development of complications.

Like many other diseases of the digestive tract, dyspepsia occurs due to malnutrition. That's why adequate treatment built primarily on healthy diet. traditional healers it is recommended to additionally use decoctions and infusions of plants that normalize digestion, stimulate intestinal activity, and eliminate fermentation processes. Such comprehensive measures will help to forget about discomfort in the abdomen forever.

Symptoms of dyspepsia

The disease can be manifested by the following symptoms:

• feeling of heaviness after eating;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• stool disorders (diarrhea with impurities of foam, putrid smell, pieces of undigested food, oil inclusions, etc.)

These problems vary in intensity and do not appear every day. However, if indigestion lasts 3 months or longer, dyspepsia syndrome can be diagnosed.

Varieties of the disease

Intestinal dyspepsia is divided into two large groups– organic and functional. The first group includes disorders that have arisen due to various diseases.
Organic dyspepsia in children and adults can be caused by such diseases of the gastrointestinal tract:

• gastroesophageal reflux disease;

Functional dyspepsia is independent disease, which can be called:
taking certain drugs (antirheumatic drugs, salicylates, antibiotics, iron and potassium supplements);

Functional dyspepsia, in turn, is also divided into several varieties:

• fermentative dyspepsia;
• putrefactive dyspepsia;
• fatty dyspepsia;
• toxic dyspepsia

Fermentative dyspepsia is caused by excessive consumption of sugar, yeast, and other fermented products. Putrefactive dyspepsia affects people who consume an excessive amount of protein (primarily meat) that does not have time to be digested in the gastrointestinal tract. Fatty dyspepsia, as the name implies, appears in lovers of fatty foods. And, finally, toxic dyspepsia is the result of poisoning the body with toxins.
Organic gastric dyspepsia is diagnosed mainly in adults over 45 years of age, and is very rare in young patients. Functional dyspepsia, in turn, is more common in children.

Diet

To avoid intestinal upset, you must follow a few rules healthy eating.

Treatment at home

Functional dyspepsia in children is easily treated folk remedies. Herbal preparations improve intestinal digestion and reduce abdominal pain. When taken regularly, they completely eliminate the disease.

Dandelion

- the most popular plant around the world. For therapeutic purposes, its roots, leaves and flowers are used. It is very useful to drink dandelion tea after antibiotic treatment to restore the intestines. You can use juice fresh leaves and decoction of dried roots.
Dandelion home remedies for indigestion:

Caraway

This fragrant spice everyone knows. Cumin contains carvone and limonene, flavonoids and organic acids. Cumin fruits stimulate the secretion of digestive juices, have antispasmodic properties, restore normal microflora intestines. Herbalists recommend using cumin for putrefactive and fermentative dyspepsia, as well as for patients with flatulence: pour half a teaspoon of the fruit with a glass of boiling water, and drink it warm three times a day.

Mint

Mint contains essential oils, tannins, flavonoids, vitamin C and carotene. An infusion of mint leaves helps with gastritis and enteritis, and especially with flatulence and dyspepsia. A cup mint tea will help improve digestion, such a drink is used after taking heavy meals.
In acute dyspepsia, it is recommended to drink alcohol tincture peppermint. You can buy it at a pharmacy, or you can cook it yourself: pour 100 g of fresh chopped grass with 250 ml of alcohol and leave for 7 days. This tincture relaxes the intestinal muscles and relieves pain. The patient is given 20-30 drops of the product, dissolving in a small amount of water.

Melissa

- has a pleasant lemon smell, which is associated, in particular, with the content of volatile substances, tannins and many trace elements, including copper. The plant is known for its sedative properties, which is why it is often used for bowel disorders. It is especially recommended to make an infusion of mint and lemon balm for digestion in the ratio of 2 teaspoons of mint to one spoon of lemon balm. Pour the mixture with a glass of boiling water, insist under the lid for 20 minutes and drink after straining.

Wormwood medicinal

It is a 1.5 m high shrub widely cultivated in Europe for its medicinal properties. Pharmacological preparations are made from it for diseases of the digestive system. Compositions with wormwood are used primarily for functional dyspepsia in old age. We recommend putting a tablespoon of dry grass in a thermos, pour a liter of boiling water and leave overnight. In the morning, strain and drink in small portions throughout the day.

Strong herbal tea

If you have toxic indigestion or other type of indigestion and no treatment or diet helps, try this potent herb:

• Rhubarb root - 100 g;
• Wormwood - 50 g;
• Calamus root - 50 g

Pour two tablespoons of this collection into 500 ml of boiling water, cover and leave for 2 hours. Strained drink drink 4 times a day for 100 ml. Treatment should last at least 2 weeks. Repeat courses of medication from time to time to always keep your intestines normal.

In Greek, dyspepsia means indigestion. It's a constant companion various pathologies gastrointestinal tract (GIT). 40% of patients are diagnosed with functional dyspepsia by a gastroenterologist. In this case, indigestion is not associated with an organic lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms of dyspepsia are varied. Its manifestations depend on whether digestion is disturbed in the esophagus, stomach or intestines. Before prescribing treatment, you should understand what dyspepsia is - individual disease or is it a symptom of various pathologies.

What is dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is a symptom complex that indicates various diseases. First of all, when a patient comes to a gastroenterologist with complaints of, or other manifestations of digestive disorders, the clinician recommends an examination. Often during the study, an organic lesion is detected. Dyspepsia indicates such diseases:

• reflux esophagitis;

Main clinical manifestations dyspepsia is observed not only with lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Digestive disorders occur as a result of pathologies of other organs and systems. For example, when:

• hypo-, ;
• coronary disease hearts;
• diseases of the biliary system;
• connective tissue diseases;
• violation of water and electrolyte balance.

In ¾ of patients, after undergoing a full examination, gastrointestinal pathologies or other diseases accompanied by dyspepsia are not detected. Although the clinical manifestations of indigestion torment the patient for at least 6 months. In this case, the clinician makes the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia. Factors favoring the appearance of this disease are:

1. Smoking and alcohol abuse. Nicotine addiction increases the risk of developing functional dyspepsia by 2 times. Upon rejection of this bad habit patients are recovering motor function stomach. Alcohol is a poison that not only contributes to the development of dyspepsia. He destroys nerve cells. Because of it, the liver suffers, as it must remove all kinds of toxins, and when it fails, other organs fall under attack.
2. Alimentary errors. Dyspepsia is caused by excessive consumption strong tea, coffee. Patients with dyspepsia try not to eat red peppers, onions, nuts, citrus fruits, mayonnaise, chocolate, nuts, carbonated drinks, as they cause deterioration.
3. Long-term reception medicines. The occurrence of digestive disorders is facilitated by: aspirin, antibiotics, theophylline, potassium and iron preparations.
4. Neuro-psychic factors. An acute stressful situation inhibits the motility of the stomach and duodenum, and this leads to the appearance of typical symptoms digestive disorders. Patients with functional dyspepsia have an increased level of anxiety, a tendency to depression, pronounced hypochondriacal and neurotic reactions.
5. H. pylori. Some researchers believe that these bacteria play a significant role in the development of functional dyspepsia. In patients, this infection is detected in 60-65% of cases, so this factor is not the main factor in the development of the disease.

In most patients, the cause of functional dyspepsia is a violation of the evacuation capacity of the stomach and duodenum.

To determine whether dyspepsia is a sign or an independent disease, only a doctor can conduct a study. to install accurate diagnosis First of all, you need to pay attention to the main symptoms.

How does dyspepsia manifest itself?

In case of indigestion, patients present various complaints, which are united by the general term "dyspepsia". It:

• dysphagia (difficulty swallowing);
• pain, discomfort in the epigastric region;
• belching;
• nausea, vomiting;
• heartburn;
• rumbling in the stomach;
• diarrhea, constipation.

Esophageal dyspepsia is manifested by dysphagia. Patients complain of difficulty swallowing, inability to swallow liquid (with spasm of the esophagus) or solid food. There is a feeling of a lump in the throat, pain when swallowing, food getting into other organs. Dysphagia occurs with all diseases of the esophagus, for example:

• esophagitis;
• gastroesophageal reflux disease;
• esophageal ulcer;
• benign tumors of the esophagus;
• periesophagitis;

In addition, dysphagia may indicate other diseases not associated with an organic lesion of the esophagus:

1. Diseases of the central, peripheral nervous and muscular systems. Patients with esophagospasm, atony of the esophagus and achalasia of the cardia complain of esophageal dyspepsia.
2. Pathologies of neighboring organs. Dysphagia occurs when narrowing of the esophagus caused by a tumor or mediastinal cysts, central cancer lung, mitral valve disease, vascular anomalies, hyperplasia thyroid gland and etc.

With dyspepsia caused by diseases of the stomach and duodenum, patients complain of:

1. Pain in the epigastric region. It can be intense, or patients feel discomfort in the epigastric region.
2. Rapid satiety, feeling full, nausea.
3. Belching. With hypersecretion of gastric juice, patients complain of belching sour, heartburn. Belching of air and food occurs with achlorhydria.

Gastric dyspepsia occurs when:

• peptic ulcer;
• gastritis;
• benign tumors;
• stomach cancer.

Alarming symptoms accompanying gastric dyspepsia are loss of appetite, sudden, for no good reason, weight loss.

With intestinal dyspepsia, patients complain of:

• rumbling in the lower and middle part of the abdomen;
• flatulence (increased gas separation);
• flatulence;
• diarrhea
• constipation.

Digestive disorders in the intestines signal such pathologies:

• infectious diseases of the intestine (dysentery, intestinal tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid and paratyphoid diseases);
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• enteritis;
• colitis;
• Crohn's disease;
• ischemic colitis;
• dysbacteriosis;
• intestinal tumors;
• enzymopathies;
• stomach diseases (dumping syndrome, gastritis, cancer);
• pathology of the pancreas;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• gynecological diseases;
• metabolic pathology.

Patients with functional dyspepsia are dominated by various symptoms. Depending on this, there are such options clinical course diseases:

1. Ulcerative. Patients complain of hungry and nocturnal pain in the epigastric region. They intensify with nervous tension, anxiety, fear.
2. Dyskinetic. Characterized by rapid saturation, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, bloating, rarely accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
3. Non-specific. A combination of signs of ulcer-like and dyskinetic variant of the course of the disease. Often, symptoms of gastrointestinal pathologies are added to them (abdominal pain that disappears after defecation, constipation).

Only a doctor can determine what exactly caused dyspepsia by conducting an examination. Special attention should be given to the "symptoms of anxiety":

• night pains in the abdomen;
• abdominal pain is the only sign of illness;
• fever;
• enlargement of the liver, spleen;
• leukocytosis;
• high ESR;
• deviation from the norm biochemical analysis blood.

For an accurate diagnosis, in addition to a thorough examination and questioning of the patient, it is necessary:

• common and and urine;
• general analysis of feces and test for occult blood;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• determination of the acidity of gastric juice;
• assessment of the motor-evacuation function of the stomach (X-ray, electrogastroenterography, probe food test and etc.);
• determination of H. Pylori infection.

Often the patient is referred to additional consultations to the endocrinologist, cardiologist, neuropathologist, psychiatrist. And only after an accurate diagnosis is established, treatment begins. It depends on the cause of the disease.

How to treat dyspepsia

Digestive disorder caused by organic lesion disappears after successful treatment underlying disease. To get rid of functional dyspepsia, you need complex therapy, including:

1. Patient education. Psychological training is needed to help the patient reduce the level of anxiety and relieve tension.
2. Nutrition modification and smoking cessation. Patients should not use strong coffee, tea. Meals should be fractional, at least 6 times a day. Can't be spicy, greasy. Particularly effective frequent use food with a predominance of symptoms of early satiety, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen.
3. Medical therapy. Which medications the patient needs depends on the course of functional dyspepsia.

• antisecretory drugs;
• eradication of H. Pylori (if this group of bacteria is identified).

If the disease proceeds according to the dyskinetic variant, prokinetics are most effective.

With a nonspecific course of dyspepsia, antisecretory drugs and prokinetics are combined.

Since these medicines include various drugs, then which of them to take, the doctor will prescribe, taking into account individual characteristics patient, the presence of contraindications and other diseases.

If symptomatic drug therapy fails positive effect need to be re-examined. If a organic lesions not identified, then the patient is prescribed:

• neuroleptics;
• antidepressants;
• tranquilizers.

Very often the cause of functional dyspepsia is nervous stress, depression, so patients require additional treatment. Depending on the type of disorders, various therapeutic methods are recommended:

1. Techniques that are effective for anxiety muscle relaxation, art therapy, autogenic training. Anxiolytics are prescribed.
2. With a low mood, adynamia, general strengthening drugs, psychostimulants, and neurometabolites are recommended.
3. The melancholic type is characterized by the fact that patients do not believe in a cure. Often the disease is a somatic mask endogenous depression. Such patients also need treatment by a psychiatrist, since there is high danger manifestations of suicide. Of the medications, antidepressants (amitriptyline), neurometabolites, and psychostimulants are prescribed.
4. If the patient has complete indifference to treatment (usually such patients are brought to the doctor by relatives), then antidepressants are prescribed in combination with psychostimulants, short-term courses of positive psychotherapy are necessary.
5. When denying the disease (in some patients this works defense mechanism that they associate their malaise with random factors, they believe that everything will pass by itself) it is necessary to outline the seriousness of the situation. Explain what studies have shown and the consequences of not taking treatment.
6. If the disease is caused by visceral hypersensitivity, then it is advisable to prescribe new classes of drugs: kappa-opioid receptor agonists (fedotozin), 5-HTZ serotonin receptor antagonists, which are also prokinetics (alosetron, cilanosetron).

Before prescribing to a patient psychotropic drugs, it is necessary to make sure that the patient will adhere to all recommendations. Usually, the use of this group of drugs causes a negative attitude, and they must be drunk constantly, for at least 2 months. Abrupt rejection from medications leads to a withdrawal syndrome, the patient's well-being deteriorates significantly.