The main manifestations of dyspeptic syndrome. Indigestion (dyspepsia): causes and methods of treatment. What is it: a description of the pathology

This article discusses dyspepsia - what it is, symptoms and treatment.

In the environment of gastroenterological diseases, dyspepsia of the stomach occurs. This is a malfunction of the stomach, associated with incomplete dissolution of food, pain and heaviness during digestion. Dyspepsia is accompanied by discharge toxic substances? spread harmful bacteria resulting in dysbacteriosis. Let's understand in detail what is dyspepsia?

Doctors share two forms:

functional- only present functional disorders body work, but not organic.

organic- changes occur in the tissues and cells of the digestive system. She has severe symptoms.

What causes dyspepsia, causes:

• Lack of digestive enzymes (includes incomplete absorption of food components and its transportation in a semi-digested state through the intestines).
• Active development of hydrochloric acid with gastritis.
• Irregular motility in the stomach and large intestine.
• Malnutrition - eating foods with nutrients (proteins / carbohydrates or fatty foods).
• Impact chemical substances on the human body, in acute purulent diseases.
• neurosis and stress.
• Long-term use medicines.
• Age changes.
• Problems in the blood test.

According to intestinal dyspepsia statistics, symptoms of nausea, heaviness in the stomach, bloating and intestinal problems are common in countries with poor or low level life. Signs of dyspepsia affect every third - fifth inhabitant.

Intestinal dyspepsia has several symptoms, namely:

• Abdominal pain and discomfort in the epigastric region and in the midline of the abdomen.
• Unpleasant burning sensation (heartburn) in the chest area, spreading from bottom to top.
• Long feeling of fullness (delay of food, not related to the meal).
• Early feeling of fullness (the stomach is filled completely immediately after the start of a meal).
• Nausea (feeling of impending vomiting) on ​​an empty and full stomach.

The syndrome of gastric dyspepsia and the causes of occurrence can be different, including other diseases, such as: gastritis, stomach cancer, stomach ulcers.

Gastrointestinal dyspepsia occurs with stress. With sharp inhalations-exhalations, the stomach contracts.

Don't forget that the reason inflammatory diseases in the stomach (dyspepsia syndrome) there is a Helicobacter pylori infection.

Gastrointestinal dyspepsia develops with malnutrition. Different kinds dyspepsia occurs when certain foods are consumed.

Fermentative dyspepsia and its symptoms occur when overconsumption carbohydrates. It is manifested by flatulence, grumbling of the intestines, the release of copious amounts of gases, frequent colored liquid stool, predominantly frothy with sour smell. The process provokes the formation of organic acids that irritate the intestines and lead to diarrhea.

When eating fatty foods, fatty dyspepsia occurs, which is characterized by liquid, light, plentiful stools with elements of bad fat.

At long-term use proteins (pork, lamb) can develop putrefactive dyspepsia, characterized by weakness, headaches, poisoning with decay products, loss of appetite, decreased performance with liquid and dark stools.

chronic dyspepsia lasts a person for a week for a month. Its symptoms are quite unpleasant and very often painful.

At chronic form A few simple rules will ease the patient's condition.

All factors in the formation of chronic dyspepsia are the same as with the main one - improper, fast food intake, poor nutrition and stress. Eating healthy and avoiding certain foods (unhealthy and fatty foods) - have an effect in the treatment of chronic dyspepsia, are a means of improving the condition of the body.

Dyspepsia in children

Dyspepsia in children is manifested by vomiting, abdominal pain, frequent stools (about 8 times a day), regurgitation, the child loses weight, is characterized by bloating, indigestion and loss of appetite. The child's stool becomes greenish in color, gives off an unpleasant sour smell, and contains white lumps. But it differs from the usual regurgitation, which is often observed in the first year of a baby's life.

Simple dyspepsia in children is associated with errors in feeding a child: excessive food, a monotonous diet, a sharp transition to artificial feeding. The gastrointestinal tract of the child is adapted to food of a uniform composition in large quantities, dyspepsia may be the result of a rapid change in the nature of nutrition. It can also occur when the child overheats.

In older children and schoolchildren, dyspepsia can be caused by a poor diet, study stress, and stressful situations.

Toxic dyspepsia in children it is much more difficult. This is a consequence of the neglect of simple dyspepsia and improper treatment. Children with a weak body are susceptible to the disease.

Acute dyspepsia in children it develops with infectious diseases, such as: salmonellosis, dysentery, others. vomiting and frequent diarrhea lead to dehydration, the disease progresses rapidly. The temperature rises to 39 degrees. If you do not start treatment of dyspepsia of the stomach, it can lead to coma.

Despite the prevalence of the disease in this age category, dyspepsia in children is not the same as dyspepsia in adults.

Treatment of dyspepsia in children occurs at home, if the doctor attributed it to plain sight. The basis of treatment is a change in the diet of the child, the elimination of digestive disorders.

Basically, dyspepsia of pregnant women is associated with the release of acidic food from the stomach into the esophagus. It may be accompanied by heartburn and other unpleasant symptoms. The mucous membrane of the esophagus becomes inflamed, symptoms of dyspepsia appear, this is due to changes in the body of a pregnant woman. The fetus gradually puts pressure on the stomach.

Dyspepsia in pregnant women is common, sometimes its symptoms are detected in 50% of pregnant women. However, after childbirth, the signs of dyspepsia go away on their own.

Symptoms of dyspepsia in pregnancy

Symptoms of dyspepsia of pregnant women are not pronounced, but sometimes the disease is acute. Main symptoms: pain, discomfort in the abdomen, heartburn, pain behind the chest, nausea, increased gas formation. Worried about feeling full after eating. The disease manifests itself periodically, very strongly - in the third trimester of pregnancy.

With the manifestation of dyspepsia, a pregnant woman should pay attention to nutrition, change her lifestyle. good remedy wrestling will be an exception bad products from the diet and eating in small portions, but not less than six times a day. It is necessary to remove from the diet chocolate, foods with a lot of fat, tomatoes, everything spicy, coffee, juices, drinks, nicotine and alcohol.

For treatment, pregnant women are prescribed antacids and alginates, and with chronic disease- drugs that reduce the release of hydrochloric acid.

Diagnosis of the disease

With pronounced symptoms, it is risky to make a diagnosis. Before treating dyspepsia, a series of diagnostic studies, such as:

Find out whether there were previously diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with inflammation or infection.
Find out when the symptoms began to appear, the degree of their intensity and in what period. Examine the biomaterial of the patient.

Instrumental examination of the patient:

1. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - examination of the mucous membranes of the stomach, esophagus, duodenum. A small sample of the test material is taken for biopsy. This helps to determine the possibility of a tumor in the pancreas or on the walls of the duodenum, stomach.
2. Stomach acid test.
3. Ultrasound of organs abdominal cavity and a number of other measures (colonoscopy, electrogastroenterography, manometry, CT scan).

If you feel symptoms of dyspepsia, you must first analyze the background and causes similar condition organism. With absence objective reasons(overeating, unhealthy diet, and so on) you need to consult a doctor, undergo the necessary diagnostic tests.

Gastric dyspepsia, its treatment and prevention

• Chew food thoroughly (rush in eating happens in children).
• Eat small meals, several times a day, at the same time. This makes it easier for the stomach to work.
• Limit animal fats in the diet, chocolate, carbonated drinks.
• Eating no less than three hours before bedtime.

Treatment of intestinal dyspepsia

If intestinal dyspepsia is detected, treatment is not immediately started. First you need to identify the type of disease in order to select necessary diet during the first day of therapy. With alimentary dyspepsia, the patient needs to refrain from eating food for two days. Make the transition to the diet consistent.

With fermentative dyspepsia, the patient is not recommended to consume foods rich in carbohydrates. With fatty dyspepsia, make a diet low in fat, and with putrefactive dyspepsia, limit meals from protein foods. Enzymatic dyspepsia requires taking medications that contain digestive enzymes.

Treatment of severe dyspepsia is prescribed by a doctor. It is necessary to identify and eliminate the products that are the causes of the problem.

For children, restrictions are difficult, but adults must responsibly understand the value that diet carries. If fermentative and putrefactive dyspepsia are frequent, you need to take a test for food allergy. It should be borne in mind that for pregnant women and small infants there is a risk of not digesting food.

An adjusted individual diet for dyspepsia has its own significance in the treatment, is a means of its prevention. If dyspepsia develops against the background of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, then it is necessary to treat chronic gastritis or pancreatitis.

Even from time to time healthy man experiencing some abdominal discomfort. This is usually due to overeating or a violation of the usual diet. Where is the line between normal processes in the gastrointestinal tract and the “first bells” when to see a doctor?

Symptoms of dyspepsia

Before looking for signs of dyspeptic syndrome, you need to know what it is. Dyspepsia is a disorder normal operation stomach, manifested by pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen (translated from Greek literally means "digestion disorder"). However, it is not necessary that the cause of the problems is in the digestive tract itself. Unpleasant sensations can be caused by an error in the diet, bad habits stress, pregnancy, etc.

• Discomfort, feeling of heaviness epigastric region (top part abdomen where costal arches meet).
• Periodic pain in the same place, not necessarily associated with food.
• Feeling of fullness in the stomach.
• Early satiety is a feeling of satiety that comes as soon as you start eating, even if you have only eaten a couple of tablespoons of food.
• Feeling of bloating, fullness in the stomach (not to be confused with visible swelling lower divisions stomach - flatulence!).
• Nausea.
• Belching of air or stomach contents.
• Heartburn - a burning sensation behind the breastbone associated with reflux gastric juice and food up into the esophagus. It usually occurs if you take a horizontal position immediately after eating.
• Sometimes vomiting followed by temporary relief.

Types of dyspepsia

1. Organic: in this case, the symptoms are caused by some disease (for example, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, oncological process).
2. Functional: a detailed examination does not reveal any signs of the disease, but discomfort persists.

In addition, discomfort is classified according to the factors that caused it.

1. Nutritional dyspepsia associated with impaired rational nutrition(an excess of carbohydrates causes fermentation reactions, proteins - putrefactive, fats - saponification).
2. lack of enzymes or active substances produced by one or another organ (gastric dyspepsia with a lack of hydrochloric acid or other components of gastric juice, pancreatogenic - with a decrease in pancreatic function, hepatogenic - insufficient production of bile in the liver).
3. Dyspepsia in intestinal infections (salmonellosis, dysentery, viral enteritis etc.) or other diseases (flu, acute surgical pathology, purulent infections in any part of the body, in case of poisoning with poisons, including nicotine).
4. Dyspepsia of neurotic origin is a condition in which the cause of discomfort is a violation of the regulation of the work of the stomach by the brain. Occurs when tired prolonged stress, mental illness, use narcotic substances. This condition often takes a sluggish, chronic course.

A separate place is occupied by dyspepsia of pregnant women. On the early dates under the influence of hormones, a woman's body rebuilds all its work in order to create favorable conditions to develop a new life. The mode of the digestive tract also changes - the load on it increases, and the muscle component weakens.

In the second half of pregnancy, the uterus with the fetus reaches a significant size, oppressing the abdominal organs higher and higher. To avoid discomfort in the epigastric region, pregnant women should eat more often than usual and in small portions. It is better to refuse fried and fatty foods, carbonated drinks, so as not to overload the liver and pancreas.

Why be afraid?

These symptoms may be caused by different reasons. Full list diseases is extremely large - from simple overwork to neglected oncological processes. Therefore, it is important not to neglect the examination, but to consult a doctor in time.

It is necessary to consult a therapist, a gastroenterologist, an infectious disease specialist, and in some cases a psychologist and psychiatrist. The exact list of studies will be appointed by the attending specialist. He will most likely need:

• general blood analysis;
• general urine analysis;
• a biochemical blood test that determines the performance of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, the presence of inflammation in the body;
• a detailed analysis of feces (coprogram) to assess the digestibility of food;
• FEGDS (fibroesophagogastrodudoenoscopy) - examination of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum using a special optical instrument; in the course of the study, a biopsy (a small piece of tissue for examination under a microscope) of a suspicious area is necessarily taken, acidity in different departments digestive tract, population tests are carried out Helicobacter pylori;
• a study of feces or exhaled air for Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes gastritis and is involved in the formation of stomach cancer;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• in some cases - x-rays, computed tomography, colonoscopy, tests for helminthiases (helminthic diseases) and giardia.

Treatment of dyspeptic syndrome

• After eating, in no case should you lie down, but it is better not to even sit for 30 to 60 minutes. Stay in vertical position and watch your posture.
• Dinner should be 3 hours before bedtime. Sleep preferably on a high pillow, in a half-sitting position.
• Get rid of tight belts, corsets, women need to choose a bra that does not constrain the volume of the chest.
• Stick to a diet: during the day, preferably 3 large meals and 2 to 3 snacks. The menu should not be biased towards a particular product. Avoid carbonated drinks, citrus fruits, strong coffee and black tea, alcohol, smoked, fried foods.

Dyspepsia in children

The younger the child, the less mature is his digestive system. She's not ready to be processed rough or poor quality food, easier to "fail". That is why young children often experience episodes of indigestion, manifested not only by dyspeptic syndrome, but also by diarrhea (diarrhea). Babies have:

• simple dyspepsia,
• toxic dyspepsia.

Simplex is more common in children artificial feeding. A healthy child can withstand minor errors in the diet for quite a long time, but they negative effect accumulates, and the process of adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted. It can be caused by improper preparation or long storage the finished mixture, systematic overfeeding or too frequent feedings, drastic changes as part of nutrition. Dyspepsia can occur secondarily against the background of overheating of the baby, colds or other diseases.

Toxic dyspepsia is associated not only with errors in the infant's diet, but also with the entry of a bacterial infection into the gastrointestinal tract. The baby's well-being suffers significantly - there may be a fever, a high risk of dehydration and poisoning with bacterial toxins.

Only a doctor can distinguish between these conditions. Without proper treatment, an intestinal infection threatens the life of a child!

Thus, dyspeptic syndrome may be a manifestation different states from completely harmless to life threatening. Its manifestations require the attention of the patient and the alertness of the doctor.

Dyspepsia of the stomach - this is the name in medicine for a set of syndromes that appear when the digestive system is disturbed. Most often, dyspepsia means a violation of the process of digestion of food in the stomach and a slowdown in emptying hollow organ. The disease in question can occur not only against the background of pathological processes in the stomach, but also in other diseases not related to the digestive system.

Classification of gastric dyspepsia

In medicine, there are two main forms of gastric dyspepsia:

1. functional. With this form of the course of the disease, there are no organic lesions of the digestive system, there are only functional disorders.
2. organic. Dyspepsia in this case will be associated with structural changes in the cells / tissues of the digestive system. It is with organic dyspepsia that the symptoms of the disease are pronounced.

The disease in question is classified and based on the reasons that provoked its development:

1. Alimentary dyspepsia- there is a direct relationship between the appearance of symptoms of pathology and malnutrition. It is subdivided into:

• Fermentation - the patient consumes large quantities of products with high content carbohydrates (legumes, bread, pastries, cabbage) and fermented drinks (kvass, beer).
• Putrefactive - more often diagnosed when eating a large amount of protein products, as well as not fresh meat.
• Soapy - occurs against the background of a large amount of fat in the diet. Especially often soapy (it is also called fatty) alimentary dyspepsia is inherent in people who eat pork and lamb.

1. Dyspepsia due to insufficient secretion of food enzymes. This makes it difficult for the stomach to digest food. This type of disease in question is divided into:

• enterogenic dyspepsia - the patient secretes too little gastric juice;
• gastrogenic - insufficient amount of stomach enzymes;
• hepatogenic - there are violations in the process of bile production by the liver;
• pancreatogenic - a small amount of enzymes secreted by the pancreas.

1. Dyspepsia directly related to impaired intestinal absorption. Most often occurs against the background of the syndrome - this is a congenital disease, which is characterized by a violation of the absorption of nutrients into the blood.
2. Dyspepsia due to intestinal infections. In this case, the disease in question will be classified as secondary. May occur in the background:

• dysentery (shigellosis infection) - a pathology that affects colon. Most characteristic symptom disease is feces with impurities of blood and mucus;
• salmonellosis (acute intestinal infection of bacterial etiology) is a pathology that is diagnosed with vomiting, diarrhea, hyperthermia, dizziness.

1. Intoxication dyspepsia. It develops against the background of poisoning with the development of various pathologies - for example, with purulent infections, influenza, poisoning with toxic substances.

Dyspepsia of the stomach can occur as independent disease, but it may be concomitant syndrome. Of the main causes of the development of primary dyspepsia, there are:

1. Increased secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach with.
2. Violation of motility in the duodenum, large intestine and stomach.

1. Violation of the diet - in particular, the predominance in daily menu foods with a specific nutrient (e.g. protein/carbohydrate or fatty foods).
2. Poisoning with prolonged exposure to chemicals, with the development of acute purulent diseases.
3. Violation of the psycho-emotional background -,.
4. Long-term use certain drugs (for example, hormonal).

But there are also diseases that are accompanied by a syndrome of dyspeptic disorder:

1. Allergy, individual intolerance to specific foods.
2. Inflammation of the stomach (gastritis) with increased and low acidity gastric juice.
3. . When it occurs, the reflux of gastric contents, which is characterized by a high content of hydrochloric acid - this leads to irritation and even burns of the esophagus.

1. (inflammation of the gallbladder).
2. Duodenogastric reflux. This pathology is characterized by the reflux of the contents of the duodenum (undigested food, bile acids, enzymes) into the stomach - this causes irritation of the mucous membranes of the hollow organ.
3. Diaphragmatic hernia.
4. Stenosis of the pylorus of the stomach is a narrowing of the zone of the stomach at the junction of the hollow organ into the duodenum.
5. and/or duodenum.
6. Condition after removal of the gallbladder - postcholecystoectomy syndrome.
7. Tumors of a benign nature, localized in various organs of the gastrointestinal tract.
8. Malignant.
9. Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas.
10. Viral - acute infection liver.
11. Achlorhydria is a decrease in the level of acidity of gastric juice.
12. Zollinger-Elisson syndrome.

Symptoms of stomach dyspepsia

The disease in question is characterized by pronounced symptoms - the doctor initial appointment the patient can almost accurately diagnose on the basis of complaints. Signs of dyspepsia include:

• pain syndrome in the upper abdomen - occurs periodically, differs short course and has nothing to do with food intake;
• a feeling of nausea - it can appear on an empty stomach, and immediately after eating;
• a feeling of heaviness in the stomach - more often this sensation is localized in the upper abdomen;
• obsessive heartburn, which is accompanied by prolonged burning in the chest area;
• signs indicating the development of gastric / duodenal ulcer - they are false, but too clearly simulate the specified pathology;
• feeling of bloating, fullness of the stomach;
• feeling of fullness in the stomach even when eating a small amount of food;
• belching.

Note:in some sources, vomiting is a sign of stomach dyspepsia. But according to statistics, this syndrome is rarely present in patients, but it is after vomiting that short-term relief occurs. In general, all of the above symptoms are combined in their own way - there are certain combinations for different types of gastric dyspepsia . In particular:

• ulcerative course- there are belching, "hungry" or nocturnal, heartburn;
• dismotor- a feeling of fullness in the stomach, pressure and distension in the abdomen;
• nonspecific course All symptoms are present at the same time.

Diagnostic measures

Despite the fact that the disease in question has pronounced symptoms, no doctor will make a diagnosis based on their presence alone. In any case, it will take a number of diagnostic measures. These include:

• and - this allows you to identify a violation of the functionality of the organs of the digestive system and signs of an inflammatory process in them;
• analysis of feces to detect the presence of blood - if occult blood is found in the feces, then this will indicate a peptic ulcer of the stomach / duodenum, but deny gastric dyspepsia;
• general analysis of feces (coprogram) - laboratory assistants identify the remnants of undigested food, alimentary fiber, increased amount of fat.

1. Instrumental examination of the patient:

• esophagogastroduodenoscopy - a specialist using equipment examines the condition of the mucous membranes of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum. Be sure during this study, a small fragment of material is taken from the studied surfaces for biopsy;

• ultrasound examination of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract - this allows you to detect the presence of a tumor in the pancreas, on the walls of the duodenum and stomach;
• impedance-rn-metry - the doctor determines the level of acidity of the esophagus;
• stomach acid test;
• study biological material from the gastric mucosa to detect or deny the presence of Helicobacter pylori - a bacterium that has a damaging effect;
• colonoscopy - examination using a special medical instrument (endoscope) inner walls large intestine;
• manometry (esophageal and antroduodenal) - the doctor sets the level motor activity esophagus, stomach/duodenum;
• - allows you to identify hidden damage esophagus and stomach, hard-to-reach tumors;
• electrogastroenterography - the doctor can determine if there is a violation of intestinal motility.

Note:when carrying out diagnostic measures for suspected dyspepsia of the stomach, the doctor very rarely prescribes an x-ray examination. It is advisable only if the narrowing of the esophagus or the formation of a tumor in it is assumed.

Methods of treatment of dyspepsia of the stomach

The disease can be treated with several methods - all of them are approved official medicine. The only clarification is that when using recipes from the category of "traditional medicine", you need to get advice from your doctor.

Non-drug treatment of dyspepsia

When the first signs of dyspepsia of the stomach appear, the following measures can be taken:

• do after eating hiking at a moderate pace for at least 30 minutes - this helps to activate the motility of the intestines and stomach;
• the belt on trousers and skirts cannot be tightened strongly;
• limit exercises on the abdominal muscles;
• sleep only on a high pillow - this will prevent the release of stomach contents into the esophagus;
• adjust the diet - abandon foods that can cause an attack of heartburn (citrus fruits, tomatoes, etc.), diversify the menu, and eliminate overeating.

If gastric dyspepsia was detected in the early stages of development, then the above measures may well have an effect.

First, doctors prescribe antidiarrheal drugs and laxatives. But patients need to know that it is impossible to get involved in such drugs - for example, laxatives can be used only until the first bowel movement. Secondly, when diagnosing gastric dyspepsia, the following are prescribed:

Thirdly, if gastric dyspepsia develops against the background of stress or depression, then it will be necessary to conduct specialized treatment of these disorders of the psycho-emotional background. Medical treatment of the disease in question also implies therapeutic measures in relation to a specific pathology, which provokes the appearance of symptoms of dyspepsia. For example:

• helicobacter infection;
• peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach;
• cholecystitis;
• diseases of the pancreas diabetes(the patient's condition is only stabilized), pancreatitis;
• duodenitis;
• gastroesophageal reflux disease and others.

AT traditional medicine there are quite a few recipes that are used for dyspepsia of the stomach. But before starting such treatment, it is necessary to pay a visit to the doctor:

The most effective recipes:

1. Cumin / marjoram. Prepare a healing drink: dip crushed cumin and marjoram seeds in 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes. This remedy should be taken twice a day at a dose of 100 ml per dose.
2. Fennel. To prepare the medicine, you need to take fennel berries in an amount of 10 g, pour 200 ml of boiling water and heat until boiling (over low heat for about 15 minutes). Then cool the broth, strain and add boiled water to it so that the result is the original volume. The entire amount of the drug should be drunk during the day in small portions.
3. Dill. grains of it spicy plant you need to pour boiling water and insist for 20 minutes. Proportions: 1 teaspoon of fennel seeds per 200 ml of water. Take 30 ml immediately after meals.

Excellent help to cope with dyspeptic phenomena decoctions from herbal preparations. You can safely use the following recipes:

1. Prepare 375 g of aloe, 625 g of honey and 675 ml of red wine. Wash and finely chop the aloe leaves, mix with the rest of the ingredients. You need to take the drug 1 teaspoon before meals - this is the dosage for the first 5 doses. In the future, it is recommended to take 2 teaspoons twice a day before meals. The duration of the course of treatment with this medicine is at least 2 weeks, the maximum period of use is 2 months.
2. Grind elecampane roots. Take 1 teaspoon of raw materials and pour 200 ml of cold boiled water. Do not heat or boil! The drug is infused for 8 hours, then filtered and taken 1/3 cup three times a day before meals. Duration of admission - 2 weeks.
3. In equal quantities, prepare yarrow, chamomile,. Then take half a teaspoon of the finished dry mixture and pour 200 ml of boiling water, insist for 10-15 minutes. Take an infusion of half a glass 3 times a day before meals. This drug quickly and effectively relieves pain.
4. Buckthorn bark, anise fruits, seeds, licorice root, yarrow herb - mix these medicinal plants in equal proportions. Then take a tablespoon of the collection and pour 300 ml of boiling water, insist for 30 minutes. Take the infusion should be half a cup in the morning and evening.

Note:decide on the treatment of dyspepsia of the stomach folk methods alone is not possible. Only after consulting a doctor can you be sure of the safety of using home-made decoctions / infusions.

Possible Complications

According to statistics, complications in gastric dyspepsia develop only against the background of the progression of the underlying disease. May be observed:

• loss of appetite, up to complete absence;
• sharp weight loss;
• rupture of the mucous membrane of the esophagus at the site of its passage into the stomach.

To exclude the development of dyspepsia of the stomach, you need to follow the rules of prevention. They are quite simple and do not require any special conditions for execution. Doctors recommend:

• carry out a nutrition correction - the menu should be varied, with a predisposition to heartburn, citrus fruits should be excluded from the use;
• products must always be fresh;
• physical activity is necessary, but they should be moderate;
• limit the consumption of alcoholic beverages;
• carry out routine hygiene procedures- wash your hands before eating, thoroughly clean vegetables and fruits from contamination.

If there is a predisposition to the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, heartburn and belching periodically appear, increased gas formation, constipation or diarrhea is noted, then you need to be more careful about your own health. It is necessary to undergo an examination by a gastroenterologist once a year - this will help to identify on the very early stage dyspeptic disorders. Dyspepsia of the stomach is a disease, in principle, not dangerous to human health. But it can lead to disturbances in the work of any organ of the gastrointestinal tract, and well-being during periods of intense symptoms leaves much to be desired. Therefore, it is necessary to respond in a timely manner even to minor disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system - this will help you quickly regain your health. Get more detailed information about the symptoms, causes of development, methods of diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia, you can by viewing this review.

A functional disorder or dyspepsia is a symptom complex that includes a sensation of pain or discomfort (heaviness, fullness, early satiety) localized in epigastric region closer to the midline. When the symptoms of dyspepsia are due to diseases such as ulcers, malignant tumors, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, it is customary to talk about organic dyspepsia syndrome. Treatment of dyspepsia is carried out only after a valid diagnosis has been established.

Symptoms

It is characterized by persistent or recurring symptoms for more than 12 weeks (not necessarily consecutive) over the past 12 months, the absence of organic pathology, irritable bowel syndrome. Together with aerophagia and functional vomiting, the complex of symptoms is included in the group of functional gastroduodenal disorders.

Allocate:

• ulcerative,
• dyskinetic
• and nonspecific dyspepsia.

Diagnosis of dyspepsia

The first two variants of the disease suggest that the patient has a complex of certain complaints.

Thus, the symptoms of dyspepsia of the ulcer-like variant are characterized primarily by complaints of predominantly hungry and nocturnal periodic pains localized in the epigastric region, passing after taking antacids.

The dyskinetic variant is more characterized by early satiety, a feeling of fullness in the epigastrium after eating, nausea, a feeling of bloating in the upper abdomen and a feeling of discomfort that increases after eating.

Nonspecific dyspepsia is diagnosed when it is difficult to clearly attribute the patient's complaints to one of the listed options.

Treatment

Therapy of the disease is complex and depends on the clinical variant of the disease.

Treatment and symptoms of dyspepsia in patients with a functional form. Therapy includes antacids and antisecretory drugs (H2-blockers and proton pump), eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

With symptoms of dyspepsia of the dyskinetic type, the main place is given to the appointment of prokinetics - drugs that normalize motor function Gastrointestinal tract, - Metoclopramide (Reglan, Cerucal), Motilium (Dompiridone) and Coordinax.

When nonspecific dyspepsia is treated with antacids or symptomatic therapy.

Physiotherapy treatment

Significant variability of violations of regulatory systems in diseases of the gastroduodenal zone determines the need to include both drugs and drugs in the treatment regimens. physical methods, potentiating basic therapy and acting on the main syndromes.

Therapeutic physical factors in the diagnosis of dyspepsia should be aimed at restoring the secretory (secret-stimulating methods) and motor-evacuation (vegetative-correcting) functions of the stomach and stopping the astheno-depressive state of patients (sedative methods), activating the mechanisms of formation of a nonspecific immune response (immunomodulatory methods).

Secretion-stimulating treatment of dyspepsia: at the diagnosis of dyspepsia: drinking bicarbonate-chloride and sodium-calcium waters.

Vegetative-correcting methods: transcranial electroanalgesia, electrosleep therapy.

Sedative methods for symptoms of dyspepsia: galvanization of the collar area, nitrogen and coniferous baths.

Immunomodulatory methods: low-frequency SMW-therapy of the umbilical region, high-frequency magnetotherapy of the thymus.

Contraindications

Contraindications:

treatment of dyspepsia is contraindicated in exacerbation of chronic hepatitis,

erosive gastritis with bleeding,

anacid gastritis,

callous ulcers of the stomach,

benign and malignant neoplasms,

suspected symptoms of a perforated stomach ulcer,

pyloric stenosis,

gastroptosis II-III degree,

general contraindications to physiotherapy.

Spa treatment

Patients with ulcer-like and dyskinetic variants of the disease are referred for the treatment of dyspepsia to balneotherapy and climate-balneotherapy resorts:

• Anapa,
• Gagra,
• Sestroretsk,
• Liepaja,
• Sukhumi,
• The south coast of Crimea,
• Hot key,
• Jermuk,
• Zheleznovodsk,
• Mirgorod,
• Morshyn,
• Nalchik,
• Feodosia,
• Karlovy Vary,
• Vichy.

Contraindications to the spa treatment of dyspepsia are hyperplastic changes in the gastric mucosa (if it is impossible to exclude malignant degeneration).

How to treat dyspepsia with folk remedies?

4 teaspoons of marshmallow roots pour 0.5 l boiled water. Insist in a closed vessel for 8 hours, strain. Take 1/2 cup 4-5 times a day to treat very severe gastrointestinal diseases as an enveloping and soothing agent. It is used for diarrhea, dysentery, colitis.

5 g of birch buds in a glass of boiling water: boil for 10-15 minutes, insist, wrapped, 1 hour, strain. Take children one at a time. spoon, adults - 1/2 cup 4 times a day for dysentery and dyspepsia in children.

For small children, give a quarter cup of brine from sauerkraut. The people believe that the brine is good prophylactic against scurvy and chronic dyspepsia.

10 g of plantain seeds per 1 cup of boiling water: insist, wrapped, 1 hour, strain. Take one tbsp. spoon 2-3 times a day for pain in the stomach, colitis, constipation.

1 teaspoon of cumin per 1 cup of boiling water: insist, wrapped, 2 hours, strain. Give children one tbsp. spoon 3 times a day before meals with dyspepsia.

1 teaspoon of crushed dill seeds per 1 cup of boiling water: insist, wrapped, 2 hours, strain. Children take 1 tbsp. spoon 3 times a day before meals for pain in the stomach and intestines, adults - 1/4 cup 3 times a day before meals.

Principles of diet therapy in the diagnosis of dyspepsia

Diet therapy is the most successful treatment method. With all types of dyspepsia, hunger is successfully prescribed for 1-2 days. After fasting, the diet is gradually expanded.

During therapy, vitamins C, PP, B1 and B2 are necessarily administered, and drugs with anti-inflammatory and adsorbing properties. These recommendations are simple and somewhat banal, but with their strict observance, the result of drug treatment depends.

Basic rules for dietary treatment

Eating a symptomatic patient every 4-5 hours, but portions at each meal should be made small (fractional).

Eating should be in calm conditions while eating, do not watch TV, read, do not read.

People with dyspepsia need to quit smoking

If for some reason there is little time for eating, you should refuse food altogether and drink a glass of kefir.

It is imperative to eat first courses (soups in low-fat broth or water), drink other liquids.

Patients with symptoms of dyspepsia should not eat very hot or very cold food.

Physioprophylaxis of the disease

Physioprophylaxis is aimed at preventing the progression of dyspepsia by correcting the systems of regulation of the secretory (secret-correcting methods of treatment) and motor-evacuation functions of the stomach (vegetative-correcting methods).

Prevention of the disease is the observance of the rules healthy eating and prevention of those diseases that can cause dyspepsia.

Causes of dyspepsia

In the pathogenesis of the functional form of the disease, a certain (but not the main) value is played by the adverse effects of social and economic factors, hydrochloric acid hypersecretion, serum pepsinogen level, somatostatin concentration in the gastric mucosa and Helicobacter pylori infection. The latter is not main reason formation of dyspepsia, although in patients with an ulcer-like variant, FD may be of some importance. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection causes symptoms of dyspepsia in patients with an ulcer-like variant of the disease and is ineffective in patients with a dyskinetic variant.

A significant place in the pathogenesis is occupied by dysmotility upper divisions Gastrointestinal tract against the background of a change in their myoelectric activity and the associated delay in gastric emptying, as well as a violation of the valve mechanism of the pylorus and antrum, leading to the occurrence duodenogastric reflux. Some researchers point to the role of asthenoneurotic syndrome in the formation of various dyspeptic manifestations. Patients diagnosed with dyspepsia are much more likely to be depressed, have a negative perception of major life events; they have identified high level anxiety, neurotic and hypochondriacal reactions. In patients, local regulatory systems are first activated, then systemic mechanisms, and finally, reactions are activated at the level of the whole organism.

Provoking factors

violations of gastric emptying, as a consequence of irregular nutrition, exposure to stress or any other factors (non-ulcer dyspepsia);

acute gastritis

chronic gastritis

malignant and benign tumors cause dyspepsia,

peptic ulcer

diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tract:

diseases of the pancreas: pancreatitis

pathology endocrine system: thyroid gland, diabetes;

long-term use medicines that damage the lining of the stomach and duodenum

chronic renal or liver failure,;

pregnancy;

other rare conditions and diseases.

Video: Treatment and symptoms of dyspepsia