Enzymatic deficiency: types, possible causes, symptoms and treatment. If the child has an enzyme deficiency proper nutrition

Due to the lack of a combination of enzymes that are responsible for fat, protein and carbohydrate breakdown, there is a lack of pancreatic enzymes, the symptoms of which are clearly pronounced, indicating a change in the work of digestion. To restore pancreatic enzyme deficiency, treatment is carried out with the help of special medications. However, the body also produces their predecessors, performing their activities, pancreatic therapy is selected for each victim separately.

Pathologies of the pancreas are of 4 types.

1. Insufficiency of external secretion of pancreatic enzymes.
2. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
3. Enzyme deficiency in gastric juice.
4. Decreased production of the hormones glucose, lipocaine and glucagon in endocrine organ inferiority.

Due to external secretory insufficiency of the pancreas, there is a decrease in the activity of special secretion elements that break down the food eaten into substances that are easily absorbed by the body, or the secretory waste of digestive juice into the intestine changes due to narrowing of the ducts due to existing tumors, fibrosis. When enzymatic activity is disturbed, the secret becomes thick and viscous, food is broken down poorly. If there is a narrowing of the passages, an incomplete amount of enzyme elements comes to the intestines, which do not cope with their task as needed.

The main features are:

• inability to tolerate the intake of fatty and spicy foods;
• feeling of heaviness in the stomach area;
• stool disorder;
• colic in the abdomen, bloating.

Due to a decrease in the content of protein fermentation, this leads to the formation of:

• shortness of breath;
• anemia;
• weakness in the body;
• fatigue;
• tachycardia.

Exocrine insufficiency of pancreatic enzymes is manifested by a decrease in productivity, which is responsible for the natural working process of the gastrointestinal tract.

The disease is formed by the following symptoms:

• indigestion;
• nausea;
• heaviness in the stomach area;
• excess gas in the intestines;
• bowel dysfunction.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is:

• relative - characterized by an irreversible course, the integrity of the pancreas has no changes, malaise is often the result of immaturity of the pancreas or a violation of secretion. Often observed in childhood;
• absolute disorder - accompanied by necrosis of the acini, fibrosis of the tissues of the organ, a decrease in the production of pancreatic enzymes. It develops as a result of chronic and acute course of pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.

Inferiority of organ enzymes is manifested by indigestion.

1. Flatulence.
2. Nausea.
3. Vomit.
4. Bad smelling feces.
5. Loss of fluid in the body.
6. Weakness.

The most significant symptom of enzyme deficiency is a change in stool. The patient has an increased frequency of bowel movements, feces have excess fats that are poorly washed off, the stool has a gray tint and a putrid odor.

In the case of an endocrine disorder, this type is dangerous, because it leads to the development of organ dysfunction in the body and irreversible consequences. When insulin production changes, diabetes mellitus develops. Of the main symptoms that indicate a deficiency, there are:

• increased blood glucose after eating;
• feeling of thirst;
• frequent urination;
• itching in the genital area in women.

When the performance of glucagon decreases, the patient complains of weakness, dizziness, cramps in the limbs, mental disorder, loss of reason.

Causes

There are two types of pancreatic enzyme disorders:

1. Congenital type - is formed due to a genetic defect that disrupts and blocks the enzymes produced by the pancreas.
2. Acquired type - often manifested due to diseases of the pancreas or due to poor nutrition.

In addition, enzyme deficiency is divided into primary and secondary, relative and absolute disorders.

The development of a primary disorder is formed due to the pathology that develops in the parenchyma of the organ and leads to the suppression of its work. The secondary mechanism of occurrence is different - enzymes are produced in the required volume, but when they penetrate the intestine, they do not become active due to unknown factors.

Factors that can lead to the development of the pathological process.

1. Tumors in the pancreas.
2. Obesity, which leads to the deposition of fat cells in the tissues of the organ.
3. Operations.
4. Syndrome of Schwachman, Johanson-Blizzard.

Often the factors of exocrine insufficiency lie in the functionality of the stomach and intestines. In addition, the problem arises due to the abuse of various diets, which leads to an imbalance in the saturation of the body with nutrients and an increase in alcohol consumption.

Symptoms are not the main link by which a diagnosis is made. To clarify the type of violation and determine the method of treatment, a series of examinations is carried out.

The reason for the formation of an exocrine disorder lies in the appearance of diseases that contribute to a decrease in the size of the cells of the glandular tissue of the gland, which are responsible for the synthesis of the secret.

Of the main factors in the development of enzymatic disorders, there are:

• the appearance of an infection;
• the negative impact of medicines used in the treatment of certain diseases;
• congenital anomalies;
• the occurrence of dysbacteriosis.

With a lack of pancreatic enzymes, the symptoms are manifested by a disorder of the pancreas.

Endocrine inferiority is formed due to various injuries that affect the gland, the appearance of fragmentary damage to its tissues.

Diagnosis of pathological changes

To detect the presence or absence of a lack of digestive enzymes, the following are used:

1. Radiography.
2. Probe and probeless examination.

endoscopy

A more informative diagnosis of pancreatic enzyme insufficiency is probe analysis. But such a study is quite expensive and brings the patient discomfort during the diagnosis period. The tubeless test is painless, but it is impossible to detect the enzymatic deficiency of the pancreas at the stage of development. Such tests make it possible to identify a disease that is accompanied by a strong decrease in the synthesis of organ enzymes or their complete absence.

Often, diagnosis is carried out by direct probe secretin-cholecystokinin testing. It involves the stimulation of enzyme production due to the introduction of individual elements - secretin with cholecystokinin. Then a laboratory analysis of the taken material is carried out for the rate of enzyme secretion. In addition, the concentration of bicarbonates is determined.

In the absence of changes in the work of the gland, the increase in the amount of secretion will show 100%, bicarbonate saturation is not more than 15%. In the case of a significant decrease in indicators from the norm, the formation of inferiority of enzymes is observed.

Probeless test procedure:

1. Initially, they take tests. Biochemical analysis of blood and urine, a study is being carried out.
2. Elements that enter into action with enzymes that are in urine and blood flow are introduced into the body.
3. Again, a blood and urine test is required.
4. The results are compared.

In addition to the tests, a coprogram is made. Thanks to the coprogram, the stage of absorption of amino acids by iron, the coefficient of the presence of fat, chymotrypsin and trypsin in excrement are determined.

If inferiority is detected after these enzyme studies, CT, MRI, are done. With the help of these diagnostics, underlying or contiguous diseases of inferiority are identified.

Treatment of diseases

In order to normalize the work in most of the pancreas and eliminate changes, therapy is directed based on the type of inferiority. In the presence of pancreatitis, when the symptoms of the pathology where it hurts are revealed, the treatment is carried out with the help of polyenzymatic medicines that replace the missing enzyme elements.

If the factor in the occurrence of a lack of enzymes is associated with chronic gastritis in an adult, pancreatitis, diabetes and other pathologies, then drugs are used that restore the rate of digestive enzymes in the body.

1. Mezim.
2. Pancreatin.
3. Creon.

The choice of medicine for the treatment of enzymatic deficiency of the gland is carried out individually, based on the characteristics of the body.

To normalize the condition, a diet is needed, which is aimed at controlling the coefficient of glucose in the blood, the use of medications prescribed to the patient. The patient's nutrition is fractional, up to 6 times a day. The diet consists of taking vegetables, cereals, which are rich in carbohydrates, protein products.

When the activity of enzymes decreases, drugs are prescribed that increase the digestive capacity, stabilize the alkaline environment.

1. Omeprazole.
2. Lansoprazole.
3. Pantoprazole.

With the complication of enzyme deficiency by diabetes, the treatment of the gland is carried out with drugs that reduce sugar or injections.

Hundreds of thousands of biochemical processes take place in our body to maintain its vital functions. Our body is like a powerful biochemical laboratory. But none of the chemical reactions takes place without the presence and active participation of biological substances - enzymes. Without their work, the body could not live, develop, multiply, defend itself ...

1. Enzymes or enzymes in enzyme deficiency.
2. Replenishment of the "enzyme reserve" in case of enzyme deficiency.
3. Groups of digestive enzymes.
4. Major digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Rehabilitation of the gastrointestinal tract with enzyme deficiency.
6. Classification of enzymes.
7. Signs of enzyme deficiency.
8. enzyme deficiency.
9. Symptoms of enzyme deficiency.
10. proteolytic enzymes.
11. Systemic enzyme therapy for enzyme deficiency.
12. Systemic enzyme therapy in pathologies.
13. Enzyme therapy with Protease Plus for enzyme deficiency.

1. Enzymes or Enzymes in Enzyme Deficiency

If we consider the structure of enzymes, then these are mainly protein fractions, complex peptides. But it is important to understand that modern science knows about the existence of about 3000 enzymes. These are not only those enzymes that are involved in digestion, but also those enzymes that act during respiration, the work of the cardiovascular system, during muscle fiber contraction, etc.

Eventually, ferments or enzymes- these are catalysts with a protein structure that are formed and function in all cells of a living organism and many times accelerate chemical reactions in various biological media and tissues without changing their composition.

Enzymes are involved in all metabolic processes that proceed in two directions: anabolism and catabolism.

Anabolism the process of synthesis from simple compounds to more complex ones is called; as a result of this process, new tissues are created.

Catabolism is a reverse process leading to the disintegration of complex substances into simpler compounds.

One of the most important activities of enzymes is the catalysis of digestive processes, as a result of which food components are converted into substances that our body is able to assimilate.

Enzymes, in general, either accelerate the breakdown of complex substances (polymers to monomers), or accelerate the formation (synthesis) of complex substances (monomers to polymers). Enzymes are involved in the processes of metabolism, respiration, blood circulation, muscle contraction, conduction of nerve impulses ... At the same time, the processes take place at the natural temperature of the body.

Another important property of enzymes is the dependence of their activity on the pH of the medium. Enzymes are most active within the concentration of hydrogen ions, developed in the process of evolution by the physiological value of blood pH - 7.3-7.4. The optimum pH of the activity of digestive enzymes lies within the physiological values ​​of the digestive tract. For example, pepsin whose pH-optimum is in the range of 1.5-2.0. Hydrochloric acid of gastric juice promotes the conversion of the inactive form of pepsinogen into pepsin. Enzymes of plant origin are less dependent on the pH environment.

2. Replenishment of the "enzyme reserve" in case of enzyme deficiency

Functional digestive disorders are constant companions of modern man. Pain and heaviness in the stomach, heartburn, flatulence - all this is a payment for irregular and improper nutrition, the abuse of fatty foods and alcohol. It is believed that among the urban population more than 80-90% of the inhabitants suffer from various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

The process of enzyme synthesis by cells is not unlimited and has a certain limit. Enzymes are sensitive proteins that lose their activity over time. The lifespan of enzymes, in addition to genetic predisposition, is determined by the level and frequency of depletion of the enzyme potential in the body. By increasing the dietary intake of natural enzymes, we reduce the depletion of our own enzyme potential.

Evolutionarily, the best way to replenish "enzyme stock" involves daily consumption of fresh plant foods. Research in the field of nutrition suggests that we should eat 3-5 servings of fresh vegetables per day and 2-3 servings of fresh fruits, which are a source of enzymes, vitamins and minerals.

Application: 1 tablespoon of powder 1 time per day, diluted in 1 glass of cold water. Additional fluid intake (1-2 glasses) is required.

3. Groups of digestive enzymes

There are 3 groups of digestive enzymes (enzymes):

• proteases are enzymes that break down proteins
• lipases are enzymes that break down fats
• amylase - for the breakdown of carbohydrates.

4. Main digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract

• in the oral cavity, the breakdown of polysaccharides begins with the help of maltase and amylase;
• in the stomach, the enzymes pepsin, chymosin, which break down proteins and gastric lipase, work;
• in the duodenum, lipase, amylase, and trypsin, which breaks down proteins;
• in the small intestine, proteins are fermented by endopeptidases, fatty acids by lipase, sugars by maltase, sucrase, lactase, nucleic acids by nuclease;
• in the large intestine (under the condition of its normal state) there is an active enzymatic activity of the intestinal flora (fibre breakdown, immune function).

Complete digestion depends, first of all, on the normal functioning of the pancreas, which synthesizes more than two dozen different enzymes that ensure the digestion and absorption of food.

When creating the human body, nature did not foresee that people would purposefully use the strongest poisons - alcohol and acetaldehyde (a decay product of tobacco smoke).

There are protective barriers in the liver, represented by enzymes that break down alcohol, and the pancreas cannot withstand the action of aggressive substances. This leads to damage to the structure and function of the organ. At the same time, clinical symptoms do not occur immediately and only in 25-40% of patients.

One of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - chronic pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) - can be asymptomatic for several years, affecting both people of working age (average age - 39 years) and adolescents.

5. Rehabilitation of the gastrointestinal tract with enzyme deficiency

7 hits for cleaning and rehabilitation of the gastrointestinal tract in the set "". Details about the rehabilitation algorithm in the section ""

6. Classification of enzymes

According to the type of catalyzed reactions, enzymes are divided into 6 classes according to the hierarchical classification of enzymes. The classification was proposed by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:

• EC 1: Oxidoreductases that catalyze oxidation or reduction. Example: catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase.
• EC 2: Transferases that catalyze the transfer of chemical groups from one substrate molecule to another. Among the transferases, kinases are especially distinguished, transferring a phosphate group, as a rule, from an ATP molecule.
• EC 3: Hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of chemical bonds. Example: esterases, pepsin, trypsin, amylase, lipoprotein lipase.
• EC 4: Lyases that catalyze the breaking of chemical bonds without hydrolysis to form a double bond in one of the products.
• EC 5: Isomerases that catalyze structural or geometric changes in a substrate molecule.
• EC 6: Ligases that catalyze the formation of chemical bonds between substrates by ATP hydrolysis. Example: DNA polymerase

As catalysts, enzymes speed up both forward and reverse reactions.

By structure, enzymes are divided into:

• simple (protein) that the body produces;
• complex, which consist, as a rule, of a protein part and a non-protein substance (coenzyme), which is not produced by the body and must be supplied with food.

The main coenzymes are:

• vitamins,
• vitamin-like substances
• bioelements,
• metals.

According to their functions, enzymes are divided into:

• metabolic (participation in the formation of organic substances, redox processes);
• protective (participation in anti-inflammatory processes and in counteracting infectious agents);
• digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas (participation in the processes of splitting food and nutrients).

7. Signs of enzyme deficiency

In the modern world, an increase in the number of people with dysregulation and impaired function of the enzymatic (enzymatic) systems of the body is recorded, which ultimately leads to impaired digestion, fermentation and absorption of the ingredients (nutrients) necessary for metabolism, with the ensuing consequences:

• an increase in the number of chronic inflammatory pathologies;
• decrease in the level of specific and nonspecific immunity;
• an increase in autoimmune diseases;
• violation of the integrity of cells and tissues.

Signs of enzyme deficiency:

These symptoms are becoming more common in modern people, and many believe that this is normal. However, they are indicators that the body cannot actively process food.

Due to a violation of the digestive process, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, etc. can occur.

Diseases of the digestive system is one of the main reasons for hospitalization of people. Significant amounts of money are spent on surgeries and hospital treatment. Digestive complaints are more common than other complaints.

8. Enzyme deficiency

The use of foods that do not contain enzymes negatively affects every step of the digestive process: directly on the breakdown of nutrients, absorption, assimilation and excretion. The normal process of digestion depends on a balanced diet. Anatomical autopsies show that those who constantly eat processed foods have an enlarged pancreas that is on the verge of complete destruction.

With malnutrition, the pancreas must produce digestive enzymes every day throughout life. The gradual deterioration of the pancreas and other digestive organs does not contribute to their normal functioning and, accordingly, the absorption of essential nutrients does not occur. This leads to various diseases of both the gastrointestinal tract and other organs.

The value of the pancreas in ensuring the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients is extremely high. When a food bolus (chyme) enters through the pylorus, it triggers the mechanism for the release of pancreatic juice (up to 2 l / day). It contains a complex of digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate solution, which causes an alkaline environment. The maximum concentration of enzymes in the duodenum is reached after 30 minutes. after a meal and decreases over the next 3-4 hours.

The quantitative and qualitative composition of the pancreatic secretion is relatively unstable and may vary depending on the nature of the diet. However, normally it consists of three main groups of enzymes - proteolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic.

For exocrine pancreatic insufficiency:

1. Enough enzymes are not produced to digest food.
2. Enzymes are not complete in composition (chemical formula).

This leads to malabsorption of nutrients, weight problems and conditions associated with protein, bionutrient and vitamin deficiencies.

The main cause of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is chronic pancreatitis (chronic inflammation of the gland parenchyma). This pathology is extremely common and its pathological impact on the body as a whole and the digestive organs in particular is often underestimated.

Pathogenetically, enzyme deficiency is divided into gastrogenous and pancreatic.

gastrogen insufficiency, which develops as a result of hypoacid conditions, is due to a decrease in the secretion of gastric juice and, as a result, a secondary decrease in pancreatic secretion. An accompanying complication of gastrogenous insufficiency is the development of pathogenic microflora, which contributes to the inactivation of enzymes in the small intestine.

pancreatic insufficiency, in turn, is divided into primary and secondary.

Primary pancreatic insufficiency due to diseases of the organ and, as a result, the amount of enzymes produced.

Secondary pancreatic insufficiency can be caused by a number of reasons that cause insufficient action of enzymes during their normal secretion:

• cholegenic PN (lipase activation is reduced due to bile acid deficiency);
• gastrogenic (insufficient stimulation of the pancreas by the enzymes of gastric juice);
• enterogenic (due to microbial contamination of the pancreas and damage to the mucous membrane by endotoxins);
• vascular (occurs when microcirculation in the intestinal wall is disturbed).

9. Symptoms of Enzyme Deficiency

The most common cause of digestive problems are nutritional errors - eating too much food and its "heavy" chemical composition. Often, a plentiful feast is accompanied by the intake of significant doses of alcohol, which disrupts the pancreas. In this case, despite adequate secretion of enzymes and their normal activity, symptoms similar to gastrogen insufficiency occur in the human body.

Digestive insufficiency is dangerous because part of the incoming food remains unchanged in the intestinal cavity. This leads to a change in the internal environment of the intestine (shift of acidity, chemical composition, osmotic pressure). This causes damage to the intestinal mucosa and the development of pathogenic microflora.

An obligatory companion of indigestion is:

• a sharp decrease in absorption (malabsorption);
• insufficient intake of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, iron, etc.

The problem is that diarrhea does not occur until the gland has lost 80-90% of its physiological capabilities, that is, for some time the disease can proceed without visible symptoms.

The main factor in the prevention of pancreatic diseases is good nutrition and the absence of bad habits. Fatty foods, alcohol intake leads to increased production of digestive enzymes and damage to the pancreas. For the normal functioning of the digestive tract, boiled or baked foods, cereals, lean meat and fish, various soups and lactic acid products are of undoubted benefit. It is advisable to exclude strong black tea, coffee and sugar. It is better to divide all food into several frequent meals.

In chronic pancreatitis, the pancreatic parenchyma is replaced by connective tissue and this leads to a decrease in the synthesis of enzymes. Then even the usual foodstuffs cannot be fermented (splitting), which leads to diverse deficient states of the necessary nutrients, and as a result, poor functioning of the immune system, autointoxication, an increase in the antigenic load on the body, a decrease in the quality of life, and rapid pathological aging.

Correction of exocrine insufficiency with high-quality NSP enzyme products ( and ) is an effective measure for various pathological conditions of the pancreas, where additional enzyme intake is required to normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and the body as a whole. In addition to enzymes, these products also contain herbal active ingredients that contribute to a more complete fermentation and assimilation of food, which helps to perform those functions that are no longer possible for the pancreas and for long years of life to compensate for the insufficiency of the enzyme system and help in the assimilation of food ingredients.

• Replenishes the deficiency of digestive enzymes
• Improve digestion and absorption of nutrients
• Normalize the functioning of the digestive tract
• Regulate the level of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
• Normalize the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract
• Have an anti-inflammatory effect
• Regulate acid-base balance

BAA "" from NSP is an optimal combination of highly active enzymes of plant and animal origin, hydrochloric acid in the form of betaine hydrochloride, which promote the breakdown and absorption of all nutrients.

Compensates for the deficiency of basic enzymes, it is recommended for use not only by patients, but also by healthy people, especially the elderly, it is used for various fermentopathies, antacid and hypoacid gastritis, biliary dyskinesia, allergic diseases, dysbacteriosis.

Application: As a dietary supplement for adults, take 1-2 capsules 3 times daily with meals.

Store in a dry, cool place protected from light.

Composition of the 1st Digestive Enzymes capsule:

• Bromelain - 50 mg,
• Betaine hydrochloride - 162 mg,
• Lipase - 0.5 mg,
• Amylase - 90 mg,
• Ox bile extract - 40 mg,
• Papain - 45 mg,
• Pepsin - 60 mg.
• Pancreatin - 22.5 mg:
  • protease activity - 300,000 units. in a capsule
  • amylase activity - 30,000 units. in a capsule
  • lipase activity - 15,000 units. in a capsule.

Pancreatin is used for:

• enzyme deficiency of the pancreas,
• cystic fibrosis,
• digestive disorders,
• food allergies,
• autoimmune diseases,
• viral infections,
• sports injuries.

Bromelain - obtained from pineapple, breaks down proteins, fats, has anti-inflammatory and immunocorrective effects, reduces swelling and inflammation, heals wounds and trophic ulcers, helps cleanse wounds from necrotic tissues, regenerating agent. Bromelain is a concentrated mixture of proteolytic (lipolytic) enzymes (proteases, peptidases). Bromelain is effective in a wide range of pH, has activity in both slightly acidic and neutral, slightly alkaline environments, which is important. So, for example, stomach pepsin is active only in an acidic environment and with low acidity (in the elderly) it already loses its activity.

Papain, or vegetable pepsin, is an enzyme that breaks down proteins. Contained in papaya, pineapples, bananas, melon tree juice, kiwi fruits, mangoes. From these fruits it is obtained for medical purposes. Papain is able to break down lean meat 35 times the mass of its own molecule, digest egg albumin, the amount of which is 300 times its own mass. Destroys the toxins of many pathogens of infectious diseases, including tetanus. Papain is a broad-spectrum enzyme that ferments proteins to a state in which they can be easily absorbed. This property of papain is indispensable for people suffering from adhesive disease after surgery, which allowed papain to gain a reputation as a "biological scalpel".

Pepsin is a proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice that "works" only in an acidic environment. Trypsin, another digestive enzyme, only works in an alkaline environment. But papain is active in acidic, alkaline, and neutral environments. This provides papain with an important place in the treatment of diseases with a violation of the acidity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Modern man needs additional, natural enzyme forms as dietary supplements. Plant enzymes do not affect the production of the body's own digestive enzymes and do not replace them. The pancreas is simply getting extra help without a decrease in enzyme production. Plant enzymes are more stable over a wide range of pH and temperature. The stomach environment is very acidic, while the small intestine environment is more alkaline. Plant enzymes can work effectively in both the stomach and intestines.

The great advantage of plant enzymes is that they can pre-digest food in the stomach before the food even reaches the small intestine where it can be absorbed. When digested in the small intestine, even if it is damaged (inflammation, dysbiosis or worm infestation), pre-fermented food is much less likely to cause negative reactions. It is much more likely that the nutrients will be absorbed in the intestines and used to nourish the body.

10. Proteolytic Enzymes

Enzymes are an integral part of any biochemical reaction that occurs in the body. The very meaning of the word enzymes is usually identified with the process of digestion of food in the gastrointestinal tract. Enzymes also provide redox processes, energy storage, oxygen uptake, and also carry out certain metabolic processes inside each cell, they have a protein structure.

With age, our body produces less and less enzymes, the synthesis of which can also be affected by harmful environmental factors, infections, deficient conditions (lack of protein, trace elements, vitamins in food). If incomplete digestion of protein molecules occurs in the intestine, then their fragments are absorbed into the blood, disrupting not only metabolic processes, but also negatively affecting immunity.

Proteolytic enzymes play a key role in metabolism and especially in important bodily functions such as:

• immunological reactions,
• vascular tone,
• intercellular communication,
• blood clotting,
• fibrinolysis, etc.

In recent years, enzyme and polyenzyme products have been widely used in medical practice, which are used topically and for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system. The therapeutic effect of proteolytic enzymes during resorptive action has not been studied enough, since for a long time it was believed that these enzymes have an effect mainly in the alimentary canal.

One of the main questions of systemic enzyme therapy: what is the degree of resorption (absorption) of proteolytic enzymes in the intestine and their effect on various organs and systems of the body?

Part of the enzymes that have not passed the intestinal barrier are included in the digestion process, regulating the function of the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and other organs. Some of the proteolytic enzymes found in NSP's blood circulating enzyme products can enter the intestines via the enteropancreatic circulation.

In the complex therapy of various diseases, proteolytic enzymes are successfully used, which leads to a reduction in the duration of treatment. Their effectiveness is due to the pronounced:

• anti-inflammatory,
• decongestant,
• immunomodulatory,
• fibrinolytic,
• necrolytic,
• painkillers,
• hypolipidemic,
• antioxidant action.

Enzymes improve regional microcirculation.

Breakdown and digestion of proteins

It enhances the processes of protein fermentation in all structures and tissues of the body, including the digestion of food. The composition includes not only a highly active protease enzyme, but also a micromineral complex obtained from plant sources.

Immunity

It activates macrophages and immune killer cells, which justifies the use of the complex in immunodeficiency states and in oncology.

Enzyme products do not cause any significant side effects and can be used in high doses for a long time at all stages of the development of malignant neoplasms - from prevention, to supporting the body during chemotherapy or radiation, as well as alleviating the condition of patients in the terminal stage.

With enzyme therapy:

• Liver function is normalized;
• Improves fibrinolysis;
• Improves microcirculation;
• Antitumor immunity is activated;
• The concentration of cytokines is normalized;
• The effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy increases, while reducing their negative impact;
• The number of pathological autoimmune complexes decreases by their destruction.

Products for systemic enzyme therapy show a therapeutic effect in atherosclerosis, elastase activity increases, the structure of collagen and elastic structures is restored. The anti-atherosclerotic effect of enzymes is associated with an effect on the metabolism in the connective tissue of arterial vessels. Systemic enzyme therapy prevents metabolic damage to the myocardium, prevents the formation of fibrosis in myocarditis.

11. Systemic enzyme therapy for enzyme deficiency

Systemic enzyme therapy for enzyme deficiency:

• normalizes lipid metabolism and immune system function,
• improves the condition of patients
• reduces the development of complications in the pathology of the cardiovascular system,
• reduces the number and intensity of pain attacks,
• increases tolerance to physical activity,
• reduces the initially elevated values ​​of blood and plasma viscosity parameters, the level of fibrinogen, the aggregation ability of erythrocytes and platelets,
• enhances fibrinolysis.

The complex regulatory effect of NSP enzyme products on the cardiovascular and immune systems, the function of the liver, digestive organs, blood clotting and fibrinolysis is characterized by polytropy, which is due to the presence of various ingredients with an enzymatic action in the product.

An increase in the antitoxic function of the liver, normalization of the coagulogram, and antioxidant activity are important in the manifestation of the medicinal properties of the products of systemic enzyme therapy in various inflammatory and other diseases.

These data allow us to state that the therapeutic effect of proteolytic enzymes lies in their regulatory effect on the functions and metabolism of the body, in increasing its resistance to external negative factors.

12. Systemic enzyme therapy in pathologies

• Ischemic heart disease, postinfarction syndrome.
• Inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pancreatitis, cholecystoangiocholitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease.
• Rheumatoid arthritis, extra-articular rheumatism, Bechterew's disease, Sjogren's disease.
• Lymphedema, acute superficial and deep thrombophlebitis, post-thrombotic syndrome, vasculitis, thromboangiitis obliterans, prevention of recurrent thrombophlebitis, secondary lymphatic edema.
• Before and postoperative inflammatory processes, post-traumatic edema, plastic and reconstructive surgery.
• Acute trauma, post-traumatic edema, fractures, dislocations, soft tissue bruises, chronic post-traumatic processes, prevention of injury consequences in sports medicine.
• Acute and chronic urinary tract infections, adnexitis, mastopathy.
• Multiple / multiple / sclerosis.

Compound:

A mixture of proteolytic enzymes (proteases) of different activity - 203 mg

Other Ingredients:
Vegetable fiber from beets - 197 mg
Bentonite - 100 mg
Protease activity - 60.000 units / capsule

For anti-inflammatory therapy and immunocorrection, take 1-3 capsules between meals 3-4 times a day.

13. Enzyme therapy with Protease Plus for enzyme deficiency

The processes of destruction and restoration of tissues in various destructive diseases also occur with the participation of proteolytic enzymes.

• Diseases associated with cartilage destruction (arthritis, arthritis, osteochondrosis)
• Purulent and inflammatory diseases (bronchitis with copious sputum, pleurisy, wound suppuration, trophic ulcers, etc.)

The use of systemic enzyme therapy in the treatment of patients with diabetic foot syndrome reduces the incidence of necrotic complications several times, and, consequently, the indications for amputation.

Modern treatment of chronic prostatitis (especially protracted cases) involves the use of systemic enzyme therapy.

AG-X capsule contains:

• papaya fruit,
• ginger root,
• peppermint leaves,
• wild yam root,
• fennel,
• catnip,
• dong qua root,
• lobelia grass (only in the formula in Ukraine),
• spearmint.

Papaya contains papain, a plant enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins. Rich in organic acids that normalize the digestive process. Promotes rapid regeneration of mucous membranes.

Ginger stimulates the production of digestive juices and bile, promoting the absorption of food.

Wild yam reduces blood cholesterol levels and lipid deposition in arterial vessels and liver.

Fennel has a choleretic, analgesic, antispasmodic effect. Increases the secretion of digestive juices. Improves the secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Regulates the motility of the stomach and intestines.

Angelica Chinese(Dong Qua) stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice; good choleretic. It has antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the processes of fermentation and decay in the intestines. Enhances intestinal motility.

Lobelia contains rutin, vitamin C, fatty acids, tannins, iodine, etc. Strong antispasmodic.

Peppermint has an antispasmodic and mild anesthetic effect, causing increased peristalsis. Limits the processes of putrefaction and fermentation in the stomach and intestines.

Catnip is used for colitis, gastritis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, atony of the stomach, increases appetite.

All medicinal plants AG-X contain magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and other bioelements, vitamins A, C and group B.

Magnesium salts activate enzymes that are involved in the transformation of organic phosphorus compounds. Magnesium is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein biosynthesis. Regulates the acidity of gastric juice, appetite. In the presence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), it helps to dissolve stones in the kidneys and gallbladder.

Manganese, as a component of a large number of enzymes, counteracts fatty degeneration of the liver. With a lack of manganese in the body, there is a violation of protein and fat metabolism, blood sugar levels, etc.

Organic phosphorus compounds- genuine accumulators of energy released in the process of biological oxidation. It is in the form of phosphorus compounds that energy is used by the body in biochemical processes occurring in the liver, kidneys ...

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is used for gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis and other liver diseases. Removes salts of heavy metals from the body. Promotes healing of ulcers (including chronic ones) and wounds.

Many enzymes are metalloenzymes. Metals form complex complexes with proteins, where they are the active center. Deficiency of bioelements leads to the loss of overall enzymatic activity.

The dietary supplement contains a concentrated complex of 74 macro- and microelements.

The largest amount contains: magnesium, iron, selenium, manganese, chromium, sodium, zinc. Contains fulvic acid. This is a complex of humic substances that convert minerals into chelate compounds, which increases their digestibility.

The formula contains Acai berry juice, as well as grape skin extract containing flavonoids. Acai berries contain various biologically active substances, vitamins, microelements, sterols and antioxidants (flavonoids, cyanidins).

Important: enzyme systems do not work without the normal supply of nutrients (vitamins, minerals) to our body.

I wish you to be healthy and beautiful!

Pancreatic enzymes are substances that are protein compounds produced by it in the form of juices. Their main purpose in the body is to ensure the normal breakdown of food entering the stomach.

With enzymatic deficiency of substances produced by the pancreas, the digestion process becomes difficult and incomplete, which leads to metabolic disorders and the development of various pathological conditions.

Enzymatic deficiency is called fermentopathy and can be explained both by a hereditary predisposition and various diseases of the pancreas.

In the event that we are talking about a hereditary predisposition, insufficiency manifests itself from the first days of a newborn child's life and is expressed in various digestive disorders, rumbling in the stomach, general anxiety of the baby and his stunting. However, it can only be partial. So, for example, children may experience disaccharidase deficiency, the cause of which is a change in the composition of the juices produced by the pancreas and a lack of certain enzymes in them.

For treatment, you just need to adjust the diet, excluding their products, the digestion of which depends on the missing enzyme. If the disease is genetic in nature and diagnosed in the first year of life, then with the right diet, complete recovery occurs over time.

Of course, it is possible to detect a lack of substances produced by the pancreas only on the basis of a complete examination of the patient, without which it makes no sense to talk about treatment, its direction and intensity.

You can suspect the disease by symptoms such as rumbling in the abdomen, heaviness, bloating, too frequent defecation and discomfort. All these symptoms, especially when it comes to children, are the basis for a comprehensive medical examination.

Particular attention should be paid to the health of children, among whose blood relatives there are patients with pancreatic enzyme deficiency. If this ailment is not detected in a timely manner, the child can seriously lag behind peers in development and acquire serious problems with the pancreas.

Symptoms of pancreatic enzyme deficiency

Violation of this function of the pancreas is usually manifested by characteristic signs, in children and adults, in many respects, similar. The following symptoms signal a lack of pancreatic enzymes in early childhood:

• frequent, liquefied stools (up to 6 times) greenish in color with whitish flakes;
• bloated belly;
• regurgitation;
• sleep disturbance;
• the child is naughty and eats sluggishly;
• weight below normal.

If pancreatic insufficiency is suspected, a child needs clinical observation and a full range of studies to determine the extent of its damage.

The lack of digestive enzymes in the older population can manifest itself in the form of dyspeptic disorders with the following clinical symptoms:

• the nature of the stool changes (lipase deficiency): it becomes frequent, plentiful, grayish in color, oily, poorly washed off; there is a fetid putrefactive odor, undigested food residues in the feces;
• exhausting strong flatulence with transfusions in the abdomen and "explosive" discharge of gases;
• nausea, loss of appetite;
• unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• weight loss and general malaise (no feeling of cheerfulness, fatigue, weakness, insomnia, headaches).

A functional disorder of the digestive system, the cause of which is associated with a lack of pancreatic enzymes, requires treatment.

In the presence of indications such as diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty feces), progressive weight loss against the background of other signs of dyspepsia, enzyme replacement therapy is performed to correct pancreatic insufficiency. The duration of administration and doses of drugs are selected taking into account age, body weight, and the form of pathology of digestion and absorption.

Pharmacology has in its arsenal several groups of enzymatic preparations that differ in their components. Each has its own strict indications for use, the violation of which will not lead to recovery and may cause unwanted side reactions. Here are some examples:

• Group I - active ingredient pepsin (Abomin, Pepsidil, etc.). It is prescribed to restore the activity of the gastric mucosa, for example, with hypoacid gastritis.
• Group II - pancreatic enzymes lipase, amylase, trypsin (Pancreatin, Mezim forte, Creon, Pangrol, Pancitrate, etc.). These light enzyme preparations are often prescribed prophylactically. They mix well with the food bolus and are physiological. Large indivisible Pancreatin tablets are practically unsuitable for babies. In children's practice, highly active Creon is successfully used in small capsules, which, if necessary, can be opened and dosed.
• Group III - complex preparations containing pancreatin, hemicellulose, bile components (Digestal, Festal, Kotazim forte, Enzistal, etc.). Additional intake of these enzymes is justified in order to compensate for violations of abdominal digestion. In liver disease and ulcerative colitis, caution is required.
• Group IV - combined agents (Combitsin, Panzinorm forte, Pancreoflat).
• Group V - the active ingredient is lactose (Lactraz, Tylactase). Used for better digestion of dairy products.

The selection of therapeutic forms for pancreatic enzyme deficiency is strictly individual, drugs are not interchangeable. Only a doctor of the appropriate qualification can make a competent appointment and determine the correct method of administration.

The pancreas performs important functions in the body that ensure the normal functioning of the body. Like any intraorganic structure, the pancreas can undergo some kind of pathological influences, which is why its functionality is reduced. One such pathological condition is pancreatic insufficiency.

Reason for development

The pancreas is engaged in the production of specific digestive enzymes, in the absence of which the normal course of food digestion processes is impossible.

When failures occur in the production of these substances and the gland begins to function defectively, then such a condition is called pancreatic insufficiency.

There are several causes of pancreatic insufficiency. These include:

• vitamin deficiency;
• Damage to the pancreas
• Lack of hemoglobin;
• Lack of protein in the blood;
• Unhealthy diet, abuse of salty foods, fatty foods, unusual seasonings, spices, etc .;
• Heredity;
• Pathologies like lipomatosis, cystic fibrosis, Shwachman's syndrome;
• The death of gland cells against the background of pancreatitis or the surgical removal of part of the organ.

Sometimes there are several factors that provoke the development of pathology. Or it may be that the patient seems to be healthy, leads a healthy lifestyle, eats properly, but pancreatic insufficiency is still detected. In such situations, usually the reasons lie in hereditary predisposition.

Varieties of the disease: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods

Specialists distinguish four types of functional pancreatic insufficiency, and each of them has its own individual characteristics, up to the etiology or method of treatment.

Pancreatic insufficiency can be:

• exocrine;
• Exocrine;
• Enzymatic;
• Endocrine.

Since each of the varieties has serious differences, then they must be considered separately.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a pathology in which there is a lack of juices for the stable course of digestive processes. The characteristic signs of such pancreatic insufficiency are:

1. nausea reactions;
2. Bloating
3. Feeling of heaviness in the epigastrium;
4. stool problems;
5. Poor digestion.

This pathological condition is preceded by various gastric problems and pathologies of the pancreas, caused by changes in the glandular tissues. In addition, exocrine insufficiency can develop against the background of gallbladder or intestinal diseases, excessive starvation or abuse of mono-diets.

It is possible to identify exocrine insufficiency only through complex laboratory diagnostics. With such pancreatic insufficiency, the risk of developing diabetes increases, so such patients should regularly check the blood for sugar content.

The success of treatment directly depends on the exact establishment of the etiology of the pathological process. With a dietary or alcohol factor, you will need to change your lifestyle, abandoning strict diets and drinking alcohol.

In the diet with a similar form of pancreatic insufficiency, vitamins such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol and retinol must be present. In addition, patients are prescribed enzymatic preparations that help the gland to fully perform secreting functions.

Exocrine

Today, even relatively young patients suffer from insufficiency of the secretory type. This form is closely related to exocrine, because insufficient production of enzyme components leads to disruption of digestion processes in the intestine.

The reason for the lack of secretion is a variety of factors, under the influence of which the pancreas loses some of the cells that produce the most important pancreatic secretion.

Also contributing to the development of pathology are the intake of certain medications, an excessively active outflow of pancreatic secretions into the 12-colon intestine, poor participation of enzyme substances in the processing of food masses, or a decrease in the parenchyma of the organ.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is characterized by specific symptoms, among which there are manifestations like:

• Heaviness in the abdomen that occurs after eating high-fat foods;
• Intolerance to spicy or overly fatty foods;
• Mushy, greasy stools;
• Pain in the bones;
• Colic;
• Flatulence.

Patients with such insufficiency often complain of shortness of breath, dry skin, palpitations, blood clotting disorders, etc. Such complaints are due to the fact that the body lacks fats, which are practically not absorbed from food.

Treatment involves the correct diet, while you need to reduce a single meal to a minimum, but eat up to 5-6 times a day. It is necessary to somewhat limit the intake of fatty foods, which are still not digested. You should also avoid eating at night and late in the evening.

Alcoholic products are under an absolute ban. The list of allowed dishes must be clarified with a doctor.

The diet should be enriched with plant-based foods such as vegetables, grains, and fruit crops that are rich in complex carbohydrates. Against the background of plant nutrition, gas formation may increase, which bran will help to cope with.

Drug therapy for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency involves taking drugs that help the gland to function fully. Such medicines include, Pancreatin, Creon, etc. The first sign of the correctness of treatment will be the elimination of diarrhea and the normalization of the results of laboratory studies of feces.

Enzymatic

Enzyme deficiency is called food intolerance, which develops against the background of insufficient exocrine pancreatic functionality.

Enzymes are present in pancreatic juice, their purpose is to help the food masses to be digested.

If at least one enzymatic component is not enough, then the entire digestive process will go astray and break down.

Usually provoke such insufficiency of the pancreas factors like:

1. infectious processes;
2. Taking medications that have led to damage to glandular cellular structures;
3. Lesions of the ductal channels of the pancreas;
4. Congenital structural pathologies of the organ, etc.

Typical clinical manifestations of pancreatic enzyme deficiency are problems with appetite and pain in the abdomen, nausea or excessive gas formation, loose stools and chronic fatigue, poor physical activity and weight loss.

One of the characteristic signs of enzyme deficiency is the thinning of the stool, which has a greasy texture and a fetid odor.

For diagnosis, the patient is prescribed research, and. Based on the data obtained, the exact form of insufficiency is revealed.

In case of enzyme deficiency, high-calorie nutrition and medication are indicated to help digestion processes.

Endocrine

Another form of insufficient functionality of the pancreas is endocrine or intrasecretory.

The main tasks of the endocrine function is the production of hormonal substances such as glucagon, lipocaine or insulin. If this function fails, the consequences for the body will be irreparable.

This form of deficiency usually develops against the background of lesions of those glandular areas (islets of Langerhans), which are responsible for the production of a certain hormonal substance. With such lesions, the almost inevitable threat of developing diabetes looms over the patient.

Endocrine insufficiency of the pancreas is manifested by such appearances as:

• The fetid smell of the emitted gases;
• Nauseous-vomiting reactions;
• Bloating and diarrhea with foul-smelling stools;
• Increased bowel movements;
• Laboratory blood tests will show the presence of abnormalities.

In addition, there are also symptoms of a concomitant nature, such as a general malaise of the patient that occurs against the background of dehydration due to diarrhea.

Diagnosis is similar to other forms of pancreatic insufficiency.

After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the patient is prescribed the strictest diet therapy aimed at minimizing glucose in the blood. With the futility of dietary nutrition, treatment with insulin injections is prescribed.

It is quite possible to live with this form of insufficiency, but the strictest dietary diet should become the norm of life without any exceptions or concessions.

Forecasts

According to statistics, more than 30% of the population has some form of pancreatic insufficiency. Someone knows about their pathology and has already taken measures to eliminate it, while someone is ignorant, which only aggravates the situation.

The main thing is that in the presence of any pancreatic insufficiency, strictly follow dietary recommendations and take prescribed drugs according to the prescribed scheme.

Of course, such a disease for any person is associated with very unpleasant sensations, but if the patient gives up unhealthy habits and unhealthy nutrition, then the quality of life increases and the disease stops.

If a patient, on the background of alcohol dependence, has earned pancreatic insufficiency, then with a complete refusal to drink alcohol, he will be able to live for about 10 more years.

If the patient continues to abuse alcohol and eat prohibited foods, then in a few years he will be lethal. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle and a diet with such a diagnosis is not just a whim of a doctor, but a guarantee of saving life.

Video about exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: