Poisoning in humans with hydrochloric acid. Symptoms and treatment of hydrogen chloride poisoning Hydrochloric acid vapor burn

Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is extremely toxic to the body. Any contact with hydrogen chloride, as this compound is also called, is dangerous to human health and life and is highly traumatic. Poisonous and vapors of hydrochloric acid, and the liquid itself, although the damaging effect in different ways of contact with it is different.

It is visually difficult to distinguish pure hydrochloric acid - HCl - from water, because it is transparent and colorless. However, it is impossible not to feel its sharp, strong smell, therefore, accidental poisoning can only occur in children who inadvertently sipped from an unidentified bottle during improper storage. Well, highly concentrated hydrochloric acid, when uncorked, forms a cloud of smoke ("fog"), smelling as pungent as it can be recognized. The acid that is used in industrial conditions is technical and has various impurities (for example, iron, which also give it a faint greenish or yellowish tint.

How does hydrochloric acid poisoning occur?

If you recall the school course of biology and chemistry, it turns out that hydrochloric acid is in the minimum, safe concentration in the stomach of each of us: it is the active component of gastric juice, due to which food is broken down. However, in industrial, laboratory and technical concentrations, hydrochloric acid is a powerful destructive factor.

Hydrochloric acid poisoning is possible not only in laboratories (you can get it by mixing water with hydrogen chloride) or in production (hydrogen chloride is used by the chemical and pharmacological industries, it is also used in food production). Household poisoning is also possible, because it is used, for example, to clean surfaces.

If poisoning occurs in production and in laboratories, the causes are usually negligence, violation of technology and safety when using the substance, or sudden leakage during accidents and depressurization of containers for storing or transporting acid, as well as ventilation failures. At the same time, it is most dangerous to be on the floor or in the lower floors and basements, since the evaporation of hydrochloric acid is heavier than air and sinks down.

Household vapor poisoning occurs if, when using acid (for cleaning), a person neglected the means of protecting the skin, respiratory organs and mucous eyes. Contact poisoning by contact with the skin most often occurs when it is poured into another container or used carelessly.

Symptoms of hydrochloric acid poisoning

How the acid interacts with the tissues and organs of the human body depends on the method of damage.

Hydrochloric acid vapors affect the body through the respiratory tract. It is they who become the "target" of the harmful effects, causing:

• pain in the chest and throat,
• epistaxis and vomiting of blood in case of high vapor concentrations,
• painful cough.
• hoarseness
• feeling short of breath, suffocation,
• pain in the eyes and a painful reaction to light,
• redness of the conjunctiva
• lacrimation,
• asphyxia, swelling of the mucous membranes of the larynx, bronchi, and then the lungs, which can cause the death of the victim.

In order not to miss the signs of a formidable complication - pulmonary edema - it is important to know them. It:

• chest pain,
• severe shortness of breath
• frothy cough with pinkish sputum
• moist rales in the lungs,
• lethargy and weakness
• cyanosis of the skin,
• frequent heartbeat.

Liquid acid can also come into contact with the skin and internal organs - depending on the situation. In any case, it necrotizes and cauterizes tissues, destroying proteins, coagulating them (causing the so-called coagulation necrosis: the appearance of ulcers and erosions on the mucous membranes).

Contact with acid on the skin causes a burn, which will be the stronger, the more concentrated the substance was the cause. A relatively mild burn will cause painful redness and burning, a more serious one will cause severe pain (up to painful shock), blisters, tissue death, yellow-gray skin coloration. Acid in the eyes is extremely traumatic - it is almost guaranteed partial or complete loss of vision.

Internal acid attacks almost always have the most serious consequences. What happens if you drink hydrochloric acid? The strongest burn of mucous membranes over the entire area of ​​​​contact with it: lips, tongue, teeth and the entire oral cavity, larynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines are affected. Outwardly, the symptoms look like this:

• burning pain inside, capable of causing pain shock,
• gray-yellow shade of the affected mucous membranes,
• bloody painful vomiting and sputum,
• cough accompanied by severe pain
• possible pulmonary edema and toxic pneumonia,
• profuse salivation,
• yellowing of the skin
• brown spots on teeth
• dark brown urine (a sign of kidney damage),
• pain in the right side (a sign of development - severe liver damage),
• at a high concentration of the substance, perforation of the stomach is possible - it is burned through.

A state of shock, in addition to pain, can also be caused by general intoxication of the body with damage to the liver and kidneys, caused by the destruction and death of body cells.

In a word, if this is a method of suicide, then it is extremely painful, painful, lengthy (an acute condition lasts up to 2 days), and most importantly, unreliable, since the modern level of medicine allows you to help even in such cases with timely assistance, but the health consequences will be extremely severe, up to lifelong disability.

How and what can you do to help before the doctors arrive?

The victim, regardless of the method of damage, in case of poisoning with hydrochloric acid, requires immediate medical attention and, as a rule, emergency hospitalization. Therefore, if you find a poisoned person with the above symptoms (adult or child), or have suffered yourself and are conscious, the first thing to do is call an ambulance or take them to the hospital.

The next steps are:

• cessation of the damaging effects of acid:
  • if these are vapors, fresh air is needed (open windows or take the victim out of the room);
  • what to do if acid gets on the skin: abundant, prolonged washing with clean running water (including soapy water), followed by treatment with a weak soda solution (1 tsp per glass of water) and repeated washing;

Important: do not tear off the remnants of clothing if it is stuck to the skin!

• • if the substance gets into the eyes, they are washed with plenty of cool water for at least 15-20 minutes.
• Inspection of the scene: if you manage to find a container with the remnants of the substance, give it to the doctors for analysis: as we already know, technical hydrochloric acid contains impurities, which themselves can be strong toxins.

What is the treatment process?

The actual treatment and removal of pain syndrome is as follows:

• If the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, nose and mouth are affected, rinse with a two percent solution of soda, and also prescribe warm milk with soda or Borjomi water, when coughing -
• In case of contact with the eyes, doctors will drip an antibiotic (for example, chloramphenicol) and painkillers (novocaine, dicaine), and then they will inject sterile peach or vaseline oil into the conjunctival sac. Further, it is recommended to wear dark glasses so that the eyes are not additionally irritated by bright light.
• In case of skin burns, after washing, wet furatsilin dressings are applied to prevent the development of infection in the wounds. For mild (1st degree) burns, methylene blue can be used. With a more severe lesion (2nd degree burn), after alcohol treatment of the skin and removal of blisters, an anesthetic-impregnated bandage is applied.
• If the mucous membranes of the oral cavity are affected, they are treated with a solution of dicaine (2%). Every 2 hours, the oral cavity is treated with a mixture of vegetable oil with an antibiotic and an anesthetic.
• If the acid has got inside, into the esophagus and stomach, anesthesia with promedol or morphine is necessary, and then emergency washing with cold water with the addition of milk or egg white using an oil-treated probe. If it is not possible to wash the stomach with a probe, antiemetics are not used, but induce vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue after drinking at least 3-5 glasses of cool water (repeat 3-4 times). Also inside it is necessary to take enveloping mucous means: beaten egg white, milk, vegetable oil, mucous decoctions (for example, flaxseed). Small pieces of ice that are swallowed and an ice pack on the stomach also help. Next is forced diuresis.

Important: soda is not used internally, as it causes copious gas release when reacting with acid, which additionally injures the mucous membranes. Laxatives are also not used, so as not to provoke acid damage to the entire intestine.

• Removal of the pain syndrome is necessary for the prevention of shock, so analgesics are required.
• Symptomatic treatment is also prescribed: heart remedies for heart disorders, detoxification to prevent damage to the kidneys and liver, antibiotics to prevent the development of infections, etc.

Prevention methods

• Properly store acid: the container should be special, resistant to acids, and the storage place should not be accessible to children. The bottle should be marked, and in order to be clear even to a child - an expressive sticker with the symbols of mortal danger. Never pour acids into glass drink bottles to prevent babies from drinking them by mistake.
• Strictly adhere to all safety rules before and during work with aggressive chemicals: wear gloves and overalls to protect the skin, use goggles and a respirator to protect the mucous membranes, always check the ventilation.

Hydrochloric acid (H Cl) hazard class 3

(hydrochloric acid concentrated)

Colorless transparent aggressive non-flammable liquid with a pungent odor of hydrogen chloride. Represents 36% ( concentrated) solution of hydrogen chloride in water. Heavier than water. At a temperature of +108.6 0 С it boils, at a temperature of –114.2 0 С it solidifies. It dissolves well in water in all proportions, "smokes" in air due to the formation of hydrogen chloride with water vapor in mist droplets. Interacts with many metals, metal oxides and hydroxides, phosphates and silicates. When interacting with metals, it releases a flammable gas (hydrogen), in a mixture with other acids, it causes spontaneous combustion of some materials. Destroys paper, wood, fabrics. Causes burns on contact with skin. Exposure to a fog of hydrochloric acid, formed as a result of the interaction of hydrogen chloride with water vapor in the air, causes poisoning.

Hydrochloric acid is used in chemical synthesis, for processing ores, pickling metals. It is obtained by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. Technical hydrochloric acid is produced with a strength of 27.5-38% by weight.

Hydrochloric acid is transported and stored in rubber-coated (coated with a layer of rubber) metal rail and road tanks, containers, cylinders, which are its temporary storage. Typically, hydrochloric acid is stored in ground cylindrical vertical gummed tanks (50-5000 m 3 volume) at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature or in 20-liter glass bottles. Maximum storage volumes 370 tons.

Maximum Permissible Concentration (MAC) in the air inhabited items is 0.2 mg / m 3, in the air of the working area of ​​industrial premises 5 mg/m 3. At a concentration of 15 mg / m 3, the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and eyes are affected, there is a sore throat, hoarseness, cough, runny nose, shortness of breath, breathing becomes difficult. At concentrations of 50 mg / m 3 and above, bubbling breathing, sharp pains behind the sternum and in the stomach, vomiting, spasm and swelling of the larynx, and loss of consciousness occur. The concentration of 50-75 mg / m 3 is difficult to tolerate. The concentration of 75-100 mg / m 3 is intolerable. A concentration of 6400 mg/m 3 for 30 minutes is lethal. The maximum allowable concentration when using industrial and civil gas masks is 16,000 mg/m 3 .

When dealing with accidents, associated with the spill of hydrochloric acid, it is necessary to isolate the danger zone, remove people from it, keep to the windward side, and avoid low places. Directly at the accident site and in areas of contamination with high concentrations at a distance of up to 50 m from the spill site, work is carried out in insulating gas masks IP-4M, IP-5 (on chemically bound oxygen) or breathing apparatus ASV-2, DAVS (on compressed air ), KIP-8, KIP-9 (on compressed oxygen) and skin protection products (L-1, OZK, KIKH-4, KIKH-5). At a distance of more than 50 m from the outbreak, where the concentration drops sharply, skin protection products can not be used, and industrial gas masks with boxes of grades V, BKF, as well as civilian gas masks GP-5, GP-7, PDF-2D are used to protect the respiratory organs , PDF-2Sh complete with an additional DPG-3 cartridge or RPG-67, RU-60M respirators with a brand V box.

Owing to the fact that hydrochloric acid "smoke" in air with the formation mist droplets when interacting hydrogen chloride with water vapor, in the air determine the presence hydrogen chloride.

The presence of hydrogen chloride is determined by:

In the air of the industrial zone with a gas analyzer OKA-T-N Cl , gas detector IGS-98-N Cl , a universal gas analyzer UG-2 with a measurement range of 0-100 mg / m 3, a gas detector of industrial chemical emissions GPHV-2 in the range of 5-500 mg / m 3.

In open space - with SIP "KORSAR-X" devices.

Indoors - SIP "VEGA-M"

Neutralize hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride vapors the following alkaline solutions:

5% aqueous solution of caustic soda (for example, 50 kg of caustic soda per 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of soda powder (for example, 50 kg of soda in powder per 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of slaked lime (for example, 50 kg of slaked lime per 950 liters of water);

5% aqueous solution of caustic soda (for example, 50 kg of caustic soda per 950 liters of water);

In the event of a hydrochloric acid spill and there is no bunding or sump, the spill site is fenced off with an earthen rampart, hydrogen chloride vapor is precipitated by setting up a water curtain (water consumption is not standardized), the spilled acid is neutralized to safe concentrations with water (8 tons of water per 1 ton of acid) in compliance with all measures precaution or 5% aqueous alkali solution (3.5 tons of solution per 1 ton of acid) and neutralize 5% aqueous solution of alkali (7.4 tons of solution per 1 tonne of acid).

To spray water or solutions, watering and fire trucks, auto-bottling stations (AC, PM-130, ARS-14, ARS-15), as well as hydrants and special systems available at chemically hazardous facilities are used.

To dispose of contaminated soil at the site of a hydrochloric acid spill, the surface layer of soil is cut to the depth of contamination, collected and transported for disposal using earth-moving vehicles (bulldozers, scrapers, motor graders, dump trucks). Places of cuts are covered with a fresh layer of soil, washed with water for control purposes.

Leader actions: isolate the danger zone within a radius of at least 50 meters, remove people from it, keep to the windward side, avoid low places. Enter the accident zone only in full protective clothing.

Providing first aid:

In the infected area: copious rinsing of eyes and face with water, putting on anti-vogas, urgent withdrawal (export) from the outbreak.

After evacuation from the infected area: warming, rest, washing off acid from open areas of the skin and clothing with water, abundant eyewash with water, if breathing is difficult, warm the neck area, subcutaneously - 1 ml. 0.1% solution of atropine sulfate. Immediate evacuation to a medical facility.

Hydrochloric acid poisoning poses a particular threat to human life. Often, such intoxications are diagnosed in industrial conditions, but the possibility of developing an overdose at home is allowed. What to do in case of poisoning?

How poisoning occurs

Hydrochloric acid is a colorless liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. One of the strongest acids, capable of dissolving some metals. Easily turns into a gas.

Hydrogen chloride is used in the textile industry, leather business, metallurgy of precious metals, in the production of glue, acids.

The substance is present in the stomach in minimal concentration. Acid contributes to the normalization of the digestive process, protects the body from harmful bacteria and microorganisms.

At a concentration exceeding 24%, hydrochloric acid can cause irreversible harm to the human body. Vapors formed upon contact with air cause irritation to the organs of the visual and respiratory systems. There are several factors that can provoke the development of poisoning.

Factors:

• Vapor intoxication is possible when working in rooms with poor ventilation,
• Ingestion by negligence, more common in children,
• The ingress of hydrochloric acid on the epidermis, mucous membranes in case of non-compliance with the rules for using the reagent.

Poisoning by a substance at home in adults occurs as a result of the use without protective equipment of the skin, eyes, and organs of the respiratory system. Intoxication can occur when acid is inaccurately transferred from one container to another.

Acid poisoning symptoms

It is impossible not to notice the symptoms of hydrochloric acid intoxication. Signs appear very quickly, differ depending on how the poisoning occurred.

Overdose in pairs:

• Pain in the chest and throat area
• The flow of blood from the nose,
• In case of poisoning with highly concentrated vapors, blood inclusions may be present in the vomit,
• Cough,
• Hoarseness,
• violation of the respiratory process,
• Eye pain, redness,
• The flow of tears
• Pulmonary edema, asthma attacks,
• Loss of consciousness.

Ingestion of hydrochloric acid leads to serious disorders and is manifested by vivid symptoms.

Signs:

1. Burns of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, tongue, gums,
2. Strong, unbearable pain inside,
3. Pain shock,
4. Vomiting blood
5. Coughing,
6. increased salivation,
7. yellowness of the skin,
8. Urine dark brown
9. difficult urination,
10. Pain in right side
11. High concentrations can lead to gastric perforation.
12. convulsive conditions,
13. Coma.

Skin contact:

• Redness,
• Burning,
• Pain at the site of contact
• The presence of blisters.

Symptoms are determined after a short period of time. The period of acute poisoning lasts up to two days.

What is the danger of intoxication

Hydrochloric acid is a particular danger to the human body. In case of poisoning with such a substance, serious complications and violations of the functionality of the body may develop.

Complications:

1. Violation of the liver, as a result of toxic hepatitis,
2. Bleeding in the stomach due to the destroyed walls of the organ,
3. Shock from pain when acid enters a large area,
4. In case of contact with the eyes, visual impairment,
5. Serious malfunction of the kidneys,
6. Respiratory failure, suffocation, shortness of breath,
7. The development of a coma.

Similar consequences develop gradually depending on the degree of poisoning.

First aid and treatment methods

If signs of poisoning are found, an ambulance must be called. At home, it is allowed to carry out activities aimed at improving the condition of the victim. First aid for hydrochloric acid poisoning should be carried out quickly to reduce the risk of negative consequences.

Events:

1. If the salt compound gets on the skin, the damaged areas are washed with plenty of cool water. The processing time is at least half an hour.
2. In case of intoxication with vapors, the victim is provided with access to fresh air, windows are opened, tight clothes are unbuttoned.
3. It is recommended to monitor the patient's condition, in the absence of signs of life, resuscitation is carried out.
4. The victim from the vapors is allowed to drink warm tea, water. It is recommended to rinse the nose and mouth with cool water.
5. In case of an overdose resulting from ingestion of acid, an ice pack is placed on the abdomen to eliminate or reduce possible bleeding.
6. No medicinal products are allowed. It is allowed to give the patient a glass of water (you can mineral alkaline). Drinking liquid is required in small sips.
7. It is not allowed to wash the stomach, try to induce vomiting at home. Such first aid can lead to the development of burns of the throat, bleeding.

Treatment is carried out in a medical institution under the supervision of specialists.

Therapy:

• Cleansing the stomach with a probe,
• Use of droppers with medicinal solutions,
• Prescribing medications to relieve pain
• The use of medicines aimed at restoring the functioning of organs and systems,
• If necessary, oxygen inhalation and artificial ventilation of the lungs,
• Carrying out resuscitation therapy in the absence of signs of life,
• Selection of vitamins and special nutrition.

Treatment is carried out in intensive care, and then in a hospital. The duration depends on the patient's condition and the degree of poisoning.

Prevention in case of poisoning

An overdose of hydrochloric acid can lead to adverse consequences in the form of exacerbation of chronic diseases, disruption of the digestive system. Often, after such poisoning, people develop peptic ulcer disease, pathologies of the kidneys and liver are noted. Intoxication adversely affects the organs of the respiratory and visual systems.

It is possible to avoid poisoning by observing the rules of prevention.

Rules:

• Work with hydrochloric acid is required in protective equipment,
• The room should be well ventilated, have good ventilation,
• At home, the use of a harmful substance is not recommended.

Hydrochloric acid poisoning is dangerous to human life. With proper treatment, the prognosis is favorable, but the development of negative consequences in the future is not excluded.

Chemical properties of hydrochloric acid - video

Hydrochloric acid poisoning is a rather big threat to human life. In this case, severe burns of the mucous membranes, respiratory tract, and skin integuments occur.

Any person needs to know the signs of such poisoning and be able to provide assistance to the victim. After all, his life depends on it.

concept

Hydrochloric acid belongs to the group of highly caustic and toxic substances.

The second name of the substance is hydrogen chloride.

It is a clear liquid (sometimes a yellowish color may be present). The smell from it comes sharp and unpleasant. Sometimes you can see a cloud of smoke above the container with it.

Vapors of hydrochloric acid are no less poisonous and have the same detrimental effect on the body.

This substance is obtained industrially - hydrogen chloride (gas) is dissolved in water. ()

Application

The scope of use of hydrochloric acid is very wide. It is applied:

• in hydrometallurgy,
• for cleaning metals before soldering,
• to obtain chlorides of various metals,
• for cleaning ceramics,
• in medicine,
• in the food industry.

In addition, human gastric juice also contains a small amount of hydrochloric acid. It regulates the acidity of the environment.

Considering that this substance is used in many areas, poisoning happens quite often. It may be due to inattention, it may be a suicide attempt, or work in a factory where a fairly large release of fumes occurs.

Hydrochloric acid intoxication: symptoms

Symptoms of hydrochloric acid poisoning differ in how it happened. There are three ways for poison to enter the body:

• swallowing,
• inhalation,
• through the skin.

Each of them is characterized by distinctive features that a person needs to know.

If swallowed

Hydrochloric acid poisoning through the oral cavity occurs when the poison is swallowed. As a rule, most often this happens in people who are prone to suicide and children who have drunk the substance as a result of carelessness of their parents. In this case, the following symptoms are noted:

• pain and burning in the mouth,
• nausea, vomiting brown-black, often with an admixture of blood,
• coughing,
• profuse salivation,
• pain in the esophagus, stomach, chest,
• tongue turns black
• skin may turn yellow
• there are painful sensations in the right side due to a violation of the liver.

Through the respiratory tract

Poisoning with hydrochloric acid vapor is no less dangerous than swallowing this substance.

It also has a rather destructive effect. Occurs, as a rule, in the production associated with this poison. In this case, the following symptoms are observed:

• voice becomes hoarse
• there are pains in the nasopharynx,
• severe cough occurs
• possible pain in the chest,
• with severe poisoning, laryngeal edema occurs,
• the person begins to choke.

In the absence of the necessary assistance, the victim of vapor poisoning may develop pulmonary edema, which can subsequently lead to death.

Skin contact

It cannot be called poisoning in the full sense of the word. However, getting acid on the skin brings a lot of suffering and trouble to a person. There is a burn.

In this case, the following symptoms are observed:

• redness of the skin area,
• strong pain,
• blistering,
• change in skin color to lighter or, conversely, darker.

In the absence of help, tissue death is possible.

In addition, general signs for hydrochloric acid poisoning, regardless of the method, can be noted:

• headache,
• pressure drop,
• tachycardia,
• temperature increase is possible
• loss of consciousness.

Of the internal organs, the liver primarily suffers, as the organ responsible for cleansing the body of toxins. As a result, the functionality of the kidneys begins to be disturbed, up to renal failure.

A person can go into acid burn shock, causing death.

Therapy

Treatment of intoxication with this poison begins with emergency care. This will give the person a chance to recover.

First aid for hydrochloric acid poisoning includes the following:

• If an acid burn occurs on the skin, then it is necessary to rinse the place with cool water, after which you can wash this area with a weak solution of soda (a small spoon in a glass of water). It will help neutralize the effect of the acid.
• In case of poisoning through the respiratory tract, it is necessary to bring the person to clean air as soon as possible, ventilate the room. You can give him a solution of soda or furacilin to gargle. In addition, the victim is given warm milk to drink.
• Poisoning that occurred through the oral cavity is the most severe and dangerous. Currently, there are two rather conflicting opinions: induce vomiting or not. It is believed that inducing vomiting and doing a gastric lavage is necessary to free the latter from the acid that has got inside. But there are cases when ruptures of the esophageal and gastric membranes occur, which are damaged by acid. In addition, when water is mixed with acid, heat may be generated, leading to further burns. The victim is allowed to give drinks and foods containing protein - milk, raw egg white. If there is stomach bleeding, an ice pack should be placed on the abdomen, and the person may be given pieces of ice or frozen milk to ingest. Do not use drugs with a laxative effect in case of poisoning with hydrochloric acid. The fact is that the human intestine is quite long, so before the acid is removed, it can also cause damage to him. With severe pain, injections of painkillers can be given.

But in any of these cases, first of all, you need to call the doctors. And correctly and timely provided first aid will help them in the future.

The patient is treated in a medical facility.

Wherein:

• Gastric lavage is carried out, but only in a hospital setting.
• Drugs are prescribed to stop bleeding.
• Medicines are used to support the performance of various organs - the heart, liver, kidneys.
• The victim is prescribed a diet.

Unfortunately, even after recovery, a person can be haunted by various diseases, scars in the digestive organs.

To avoid poisoning, it is worth using protective equipment (clothes, respirators, gloves) when working with this poison. If the poisoning did happen, then it is necessary to provide first aid to the person as soon as possible in order to save his life.

Video: Making hydrochloric acid at home

Acid. For many people, this word is associated with processes such as corrosion, splitting, oxidation and melting. It is difficult to argue with this phenomenon, since a solution of hydrochloric acid, however, like any other, is used precisely for this. Once hydrochloric acid solution is capable of destroying metals, then what can happen to human skin, eyes and lungs? Unfortunately, the results of poisoning can be deplorable - irritation and serious burns. But it is precisely to prevent such situations that safety precautions exist - in this article we will learn how to properly store hydrochloric acid solution how it is transported and what to do in case of contact with this substance.

The first issue is storage. hydrochloric acid solution poured into rubberized tanks or containers, as well as polyethylene barrels and glass bottles - any of these options is quite acceptable. At the same time, the used container, in which there is a residual solution of hydrochloric acid, can also be used, unless, of course, the results of the technical analysis do not allow the opposite. It is important to ensure that the container is sealed, as hydrochloric acid solution when evaporated, it is extremely dangerous (burning of the lungs and mucous membranes is not excluded). For these purposes, gaskets made of rubber or polyethylene are used, which applies not only to filled, but also to empty containers. If a hydrochloric acid solution Packed and bottled correctly, transportation by any means of transport is allowed.

When working with hydrochloric acid, care must be taken to protect against possible detonation of the composition - this may well happen, since hydrochloric acid solution on contact with air, it releases hydrogen chloride, which becomes explosive when interacting with certain metals. The main task is to exclude contact of the solution with a number of metals (Al, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb, etc.). In addition, the so-called "fog" that accompanies the hydrochloric acid solution during evaporation is dangerous to humans. If the vapor concentration is more than 5 mg/m3, the risk of burns is extremely high.

Remove spilled on the floor hydrochloric acid solution can be done with water and an alkaline solution. In case of contact with the skin, the affected area should be washed with warm water and wiped dry with a soft cloth. The use of iodine and brilliant green is strictly prohibited. If airborne acid poisoning occurs, remove the source and remove the hydrochloric acid solution by aeration. In case of contact with the eyes, rinse them with plenty of water. In any of the cases listed above, it is necessary to consult a doctor, since hydrochloric acid solution is a very dangerous substance, poisoning and burns of which can lead to disability. To prevent this from happening, you must follow the safety rules. In this case, the hydrochloric acid solution will not pose any danger to humans and the environment.

Safety precautions when working with hydrochloric acid solution

Despite the fact that the life of the acid is unlimited, it requires careful and consistent compliance with safety regulations, which include:

• if acid enters the stomach, it must be removed from there as soon as possible by inducing a gag reflex, then drink water and repeat the procedure again;
• do not allow acid to get on the skin, if an acid solution gets on the skin, it must be urgently washed off with warm water and blotted with a soft cloth, if wounds appear, an antiseptic or healing composition should be applied;
• when working with acid, you need to be in a mask, otherwise there is a possibility of vapor poisoning, the victim should be immediately taken out into the air, where there are no vapors, allowed to catch his breath, and if necessary, make artificial respiration and call a doctor;
• eyes when working with acid must be protected by goggles. If the eyes are affected by an acid solution, they should be immediately rinsed with water, with severe tingling and pain, you should consult a doctor.

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