Uterine bleeding in women. Internal bleeding. Stop atonic and hypotonic uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding - warning sign, signaling violations in the work of the female reproductive system. The body of the uterus consists of 3 layers, as well as an extensive network of vessels and capillaries. normal sheath inner wall called the endometrium flakes off during menstruation, then is restored during the next cycle.

Under the influence of endogenous (internal), exogenous (external) factors, a partial detachment of the functional layer often occurs. Its fragments, adjacent to the basal (main) layer, contain glands and vessels, the expansion of which leads to the opening of a dysfunctional uterine bleeding. You can detect health problems in time by paying attention to the characteristic symptoms.

General clinical picture

Bleeding can be recognized by a number of characteristic features which are divided into general and specific.

The first group includes the following states:

• malaise;
• change in heart rate ( sharp increase, decrease);
• declining performance blood pressure;
• nausea, rarely vomiting;
• pale skin;
• dizziness;
• increased sweating;
• fainting state, fainting.

You can establish the fact of bleeding in the presence of:

• bloody vaginal discharge outside the period of menstruation;
• increased in critical days;
• long heavy menstruation more than a week;
• blood, fragments of the endometrium after sexual contact.

Specific symptoms of uterine bleeding are painlessness, suddenness and profusion of discharge. These clinical manifestations make it possible to distinguish a violation from cyclic menstruation.

To determine the cause of the pathology, you must immediately contact a gynecologist. Delayed provision of medical care can lead to serious, including irreparable consequences.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding depending on age

A common misconception is that the pathology occurs only after the puberty of the girl. In medical practice, cases of uterine bleeding have been reported in patients of various ages.

newborns

In girls, a similar pathological phenomenon may be caused by a change hormonal background. It appears in the form meager allocations with minor blood impurities appearing during the first week after birth. Usually pass spontaneously.

Girls from 3 to 10 years old

Symptoms of uterine bleeding are irregular.

They appear as follows:

• an increase in body temperature (which indicates the presence of inflammatory process);
• apathy, lethargy, drowsiness;
• the presence of secretions, both abundant and meager;
• early appearance signs of puberty.

The pathological condition can be triggered by neoplasms, structural changes in the ovaries, which causes hormonal imbalance. There is an increase in the production of female sex hormones, which may cause early puberty.

Women

Signs of gynecological pathologies:

• a large volume of light-colored blood secreted from the vagina (indicates a violation of the integrity of the artery);
• copious clots dark color (venous blood, fragments of the endometrium);
• bleeding a week before the onset of menstruation;
• the duration of blood loss (over 7-8 days during menstruation, more than 1 day during ovulation).

When the egg is released, maturation occurs, the follicle ruptures, which often leads to damage to the capillary network, the release of blood from the cavity.

You may also experience bleeding:

• on the various terms pregnancy (associated with physiological changes in the body, pathologies of the placenta, etc.);
• after childbirth (with various injuries of the inner wall of the uterus);
• with spontaneous miscarriage.

Postpartum hemorrhage poses a danger not only to health, but also to the life of the mother due to the abundance and suddenness of blood loss. In order to avoid irreparable consequences, it is necessary to seek help at the first manifestations.

With menopause

Normally, a condition similar to menstruation can persist during the period of perimenopause (shortly before the final extinction of reproductive function). Violation of the hormonal background contributes to a change in the thickness of the endometrium, usually upwards. When ripe, part of the thickened layer comes off, provoking. In this case, a woman may feel a preliminary deterioration in well-being, general weakness, heart palpitations.

An increase in temperature after stopping uterine bleeding may indicate the presence of an acute inflammatory process, which is subject to urgent treatment.

Diagnostics

To obtain an objective assessment of the state of health, each woman is recommended to keep a menstruation calendar, where it is necessary to note every month:

• the start date of menstruation;
• character (abundant, scarce, light, dark);
• duration;
• General characteristics well-being.

This information will help the doctor in taking anamnesis.

Among diagnostic measures the most informative are:

• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (on the 6-8th day of the cycle);
• swab with cervical canal (cytological examination, allowing to study the structure of cells, to detect oncology);
• smear on flora;
• measuring the thickness of the endometrium;
• blood test for hormones.

At overweight or during the period of presumed menopause, a biopsy of the inner lining of the uterus is prescribed.

Uterine bleeding - dangerous state which, if left untreated, can lead to lethal outcome. During pregnancy, this pathology can provoke a miscarriage. When the first signs appear, you need to call an ambulance. Before the arrival of specialists, you need to lie down, putting a cool object on your lower abdomen. Cold helps constrict blood vessels, which will reduce blood loss. It also requires complete rest.

Uterine bleeding - profuse discharge of blood from the uterus, often caused by gynecological diseases or adverse pregnancy. With this type of bleeding, it is important to provide the woman with first aid in time and diagnose the cause.

Uterine bleeding is a physiological phenomenon in two cases: during menstruation lasting no more than 7 days and the frequency of occurrence is not less than 1 time in 25 days; and at ovulation.

As a rule, uterine bleeding does not pose a danger to women's health, but it can worsen the condition of the body: patients feel a breakdown, they develop anemia. Bleeding also affects a woman's personal life.

Causes of uterine bleeding

Some infectious diseases cause uterine bleeding:

• measles;
• sepsis;
• typhoid fever;
• flu.

Bleeding early pregnancy occur during spontaneous abortion. In this case, vaginal bleeding begins immediately or some time after the start of the abortion due to the leakage of accumulated blood. Bleeding also occurs with an ectopic (ectopic) pregnancy. Bleeding on later dates pregnancies are associated with:

• rupture of the placenta;
• cystic drift;
• polyps of the placenta;
• placenta previa.

Uterine bleeding is caused by diseases associated with changes in the structure reproductive organs:

• adenomyosis (uterine endometriosis);
• uterine cancer;
• cervix or vagina;
• endometrial hyperplasia;
• submucosal nodes with uterine myoma or emerging nodes;
• polyps of the cervix and endometrium.

Vaginal bleeding are signs of:

• atrophic vaginitis;
• cervicitis;
• foreign body of the vagina;
• damage to the cervix, uterus or vagina.

Uterine bleeding in violation of ovarian function occurs in such conditions:

• dysfunctional uterine bleeding;
• functional ovarian cysts;
• polycystic ovary syndrome (polycystic).

Uterine bleeding is the result of gynecological diseases:

• hypertension;
• atherosclerosis;
• hypothyroidism;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• diseases associated with blood clotting.

Vaginal bleeding due to a blood clotting disorder develops when:

• hereditary diseases of blood coagulation;
• liver diseases;
• taking certain medications.

Uterine bleeding occurs when using contraceptives and hormone therapy

• taking Depo Provera;
• hormone replacement therapy;
• Availability intrauterine device;
• levonorgestrel implants;
• in case of long gaps in taking contraceptives.

How to stop uterine bleeding

To stop uterine bleeding, see a doctor who can handle unpleasant symptoms will determine the cause of bleeding and prescribe treatment.

To eliminate bleeding, the following methods are used:

Hormonal drugs

Hormonal hemostasis is used in large doses and predominantly with juvenile bleeding. More often, such treatment is recommended for the treatment of adolescent girls.

Removal of the uterine layer

The inner layer of the uterus is carefully removed with a special laser or electrosurgical instrument. The method is complex, with a number of contraindications and complications: the occurrence of thermal or electrical burn; leads to heart failure.

Hysteroscopy

When using this method, a detailed diagnosis of the possible causes of the problem is carried out. Uterine bleeding is stopped by resection of the myomatous node, polyps, as well as removal of remnants of hyperplastic tissue.

Thermachoice

The procedure is only suitable for women menopause, as it provokes a loss of the ability to reproduce, therefore it is contraindicated in other periods. The method involves the introduction of a special balloon with a sterile liquid into internal cavity. The balloon slowly heats up and destroys the internal endometrium of the uterus.

Folk remedies

Alternative methods are beneficial only in conjunction with the prescribed treatment. Trust the doctors who will find the cause and stop the uterine bleeding. Don't forget to lead healthy lifestyle life and health care.

Popular traditional medicine recipes:

Treatment of uterine bleeding

Treatment has two main goals: to stop bleeding and to prevent rebleeding.

The cessation of bleeding can be achieved by curettage of the uterus and the introduction of hormonal drugs:

• estrogens;
• progesterone;
• combined estrogen-gestagen preparations;
• androgens.

With menopause, if there was no curettage of the uterus before, you should start with this operation to exclude uterine cancer in the first place. In adolescence, curettage of the uterus is resorted to only in extreme cases, mainly by vital indications: severe uterine bleeding that does not stop under the influence of hormones. AT childbearing age curettage of the uterus is performed depending on the specific situation:

• the duration of the disease;
• strength of bleeding
• efficiency of hormonal hemostasis.

Estrogens for hemostasis are prescribed in large doses:

• sinestrol 1 ml of a 0.1% solution i / m every 2-3 hours;
• ethinylestradiol 0.1 mg every 2-3 hours.

Usually, hemostasis occurs a day after the start of drug administration. After that, estrogens continue to be administered for 10-15 days, but in smaller doses under test control. functional diagnostics followed by the introduction of progesterone for 8 days (10 mg daily / m). 2-3 days after the end of the administration of progesterone, a menstrual-like reaction occurs.

During next months treatment, combined hormone therapy is used according to the generally accepted scheme:

• the first 15 days - estrogens;
• then within 6-8 days - progesterone.

Progesterone for hemostasis can only be prescribed to patients without anemia, as it relaxes the muscles of the uterus and can increase bleeding. The drug is administered at 10 mg daily / m for 6-8 days.

Combined estrogen-gestagen preparations are prescribed for the purpose of hemostasis, 4-6 tablets per day until the bleeding stops. Bleeding usually stops after 24-48 hours. After that, the drug should be continued for 20 days, but 1 tablet per day. 2 days after the end of the medication, a menstrual-like reaction occurs.

Dicynon for uterine bleeding

Another name for the drug is Etamsilat. The drug improves blood clotting and helps the formation of platelets, which are fixed on the walls of the vessel and restore damaged tissues. This will quickly stop bleeding. The advantage of this drug is that blood clots do not form. The tool is used even in the case when the blood comes out with clots.

Dicynon is available in tablets and ampoules. The injection is done both intravenously and intramuscularly. In the first case, the drug will begin to act within 20 minutes and act for 6 hours. If you give an injection intramuscularly, then dicynone will not be as effective. If you take Dicinon inside, the action will begin after 3 hours.

With heavy bleeding, the doctor prescribes next treatment: 1 injection intravenously and 1 injection intramuscularly. When the discharge becomes moderate, the woman is prescribed the use of the drug inside, 2 tablets. The drug is also prescribed during pregnancy.

Tranexam for uterine bleeding

Tranexam - drug emergency assistance with uterine bleeding. In addition to the hemostatic effect, the drug suppresses allergic reactions and inflammatory processes. Considering pharmachologic effect, Tranexam is used in the following pathological conditions and diseases:

1. Treatment and prevention of bleeding associated with elevated level fibrinmolysin:
   • metrorrhagia;
   • profuse menstruation;
   • before and after surgical interventions;
   • hemophilia;
   • acute and chronic leukemia;
   • complications during pregnancy.
2. Postpartum bleeding.
3. Eczema, urticaria, dermatitis allergic origin, skin rash.
4. Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and nasopharynx.
5. Hereditary angioedema.

How to take the drug Tranexam, only the attending physician decides. Because in each individual case the dosage is calculated based on the patient's body weight, as well as the nature and severity of the disease. Tranexam is considered a drug that can quickly cope with bleeding caused by pathology of the uterus or ovaries.

The expediency of using Tranexam during pregnancy is determined by the doctor, since targeted clinical research about the effect of the drug on the fetus and the body of a pregnant woman was not conducted. Tranexam is considered justified when the benefit of the drug outweighs potential risk for the fetus.

Analogues are sold on the pharmaceutical market medicinal product Tranexam, which is also used to stop uterine bleeding:

• stagemin;
• traxade;
• troxaminate;
• cyclocapron;
• exacyl.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding

• pad or tampon gets wet in an hour for several hours in a row;
• Waking up to change your pad at night
• menstruation lasts more than 7 days;
• comes out a lot during menstruation big clots blood;
• constant feeling of weakness, fatigue;
• menstruation is accompanied by strong and constant pain lower abdomen and lower back;
• a blood test revealed anemia.

First aid for uterine bleeding

If uterine bleeding is detected, contact immediately. If the patient's condition does not allow travel to medical institution, call an ambulance and provide first aid.

What not to do:

Bye Ambulance on the way, the patient should lie down and not commit sudden movements. Provide the patient bed rest and complete peace. Place a cushion or pillow under your feet. Place cold, for example, ice from the freezer or frozen meat, previously wrapped in cloth, on the lower abdomen. This will narrow the blood vessels and reduce bleeding.

Provide the patient plentiful drink, because with blood a person loses a lot of fluid. Tea with sugar will replenish glucose reserves in the body, and rosehip broth will increase blood clotting.

Diagnosis of uterine bleeding

Diagnosis of dysfunctional uterine bleeding involves a blood test, as well as a hormonal study. For diagnosis, separate curettage of the body of the uterus and the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is used. The nature of the pathology in the endometrium is determined indirectly by the type general view scraping.

When diagnosing dysfunctional uterine bleeding in patients of reproductive age, histological examination, which will determine the development of hyperplastic processes:

• glandular cystic and atypical hyperplasia;
• adenomatosis.

If the patient has bleeding of a recurrent nature, curettage is carried out under the control of hysteroscopy. ultrasound - informative method research in case of bleeding, which gives an idea of ​​the size of myomatous nodes, the presence of foci internal endometriosis etc. In progress ultrasound uterine and ectopic pregnancy is determined.

Types of uterine bleeding

Also, types of uterine bleeding are classified according to the causes of occurrence:

• dysfunctional (anovulatory and ovulatory);
• organic (caused by diseases or pathology of organs);
• iatrogenic (like possible consequence blood-thinning contraceptives).

Dangerous bleeding during pregnancy.

Questions and answers on the topic "Uterine bleeding"

Question:How fast does dicynone help?

Answer: Dicynon is available in tablets and ampoules. The injection is done both intravenously and intramuscularly. In the first case, the drug will begin to act within 20 minutes and act for 6 hours. If you give an injection intramuscularly, then dicynone will not be as effective. If you take Dicinon inside, the action will begin after 3 hours.

Question:Hello. I am 53 years old. For the past three months I have had constant uterine bleeding. Either small or plentiful. In August of this year, I had a very heavy bleeding and I got cleaned up. Then there was no menstruation for about a month, and in October they started again. They appear, then disappear for a few days, then reappear, and so on. I didn’t go to the doctor anymore, I read that this was due to the onset of menopause. Is it so?

Answer: Hello. This is partly true, but there is cause for concern and examination. First of all, to clarify the condition of the ovaries and endometrium, you need to do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Question:Hello. I am 38 years old. It all started for me normal menstruation, but on the 6th day the bleeding did not stop, but only intensified. This has never happened before. Today is the 7th day. In a panic, I ran and did an ultrasound, as earlier they found something like hyperplasia and a uterine polyp. But nothing was found on the ultrasound. No hyperplasia, no polyps of any kind. Since all this happens to me against the background of stress (2 days ago we buried my brother, who died tragically), the doctor said that the bleeding was caused by this stress. And he also said that there is no point in doing scraping in my case, because. the endometrium is now quite thin and there is nothing to scrape out. Now I will get to the gynecologist at best only on Monday or Tuesday, but what about now?

Answer: Hello. It is most likely that you have dysfunctional uterine bleeding, I recommend discussing with your doctor about taking medications contributing to the inhibition of uterine bleeding.

Question:Hello! She was treated for trichomoniasis (ornidozol, terzhinan, derinat). Then she did an ultrasound and an analysis for hormones - everything was fine here. Menstruation began according to the calendar, normal, without pain and with normal secretions, but worried about itching, drank Trichopolum for 7 days. On the 21st, bleeding began. I went to the doctor, and an ectopic pregnancy was ruled out by ultrasound and test. The endometrium was 12 mm. Conclusion on ultrasound: echographic signs of a slight hematometer and the presence of fluid in the retrouterine space. The doctor prescribed duphaston and tranexan, drank the nettle decoction for 3 days - there is no effect. On the 30th, the doctor sent me to the hospital for curettage, they did another ultrasound, the endometrium returned to normal (5.5 mm), but the cervix is ​​open, the dimensions are 35*25*30mm. Conclusion: no echo pathology was detected at the time of examination. I refused curettage, I continue to drink prescribed drugs. What can you advise? Where else can I go and what treatment can I expect if the bleeding does not stop? Scraping would be avoided.

Answer: Hello. For the purpose of excluding pathological process of the endometrium, I recommend considering the possibility of conducting an aspiration (Paypel) biopsy of the endometrium, followed by a morphological study of the biopsy. Aspiration pipel biopsy endometrium is an informative and low-traumatic method for studying the state of the uterine mucosa. In addition, for the purpose of clarifying the diagnosis, the possibility of hydrosonography should be considered. Correct staging Diagnosis is half the success of treatment. Effective treatment comes from understanding the essence existing problem and definitions accurate diagnosis. In your case, the exact diagnosis is not defined, and therefore, the prescribed therapy may be ineffective. To determine the exact diagnosis, an additional assessment of clinical, instrumental and laboratory parameters is required.

It is common for a person throughout his life to encounter various diseases. It is worth noting that the representatives of the weaker sex are more susceptible to diseases associated with the genitourinary system. One of the fairly common pathologies is uterine bleeding with clots. Let's figure out what are the causes of such a disease, and how to deal with it correctly.

Normal female cycle

In women, cyclic changes in the body occur throughout the reproductive age. In the first half of the menstrual cycle, the weaker sex produces a hormone called estrogen. Thanks to this substance, the follicles grow and the egg is released from the ovary.

Immediately after this, progesterone begins to gain its strength. It has a beneficial effect on the endometrium, preparing it for and supporting the vital activity of the egg.

If fertilization has occurred, then the woman notes the absence of menstruation until the very birth. When the sperm does not fuse with the egg, progesterone production decreases and the woman begins to bleed. Together with the red liquid, the sloughed endometrium comes out. With some pathologies, a woman may experience severe uterine bleeding with clots, which are unevenly exfoliated endometrium.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Also untimely, similar to menstruation, can be called bleeding. If all of the above is accompanied by the release of lumps of mucus, then most likely you have uterine bleeding with blood clots.

Causes of dysfunctional bleeding

It should be said that medicine does not stand still. Despite this, doctors still do not know exactly why uterine bleeding with clots occurs. However, there are some good known causes such a pathology. Let's consider them in detail.

Hormonal disbalance

Uterine bleeding with clots can develop as a result of malfunctioning of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands, or ovaries. As a result of a failure, there is an increased release of estrogens, under the influence of which the inner mucous membrane of the uterus grows abundantly.

Due to the premature release of the egg from the follicle, the next menstruation begins ahead of time. During it, profuse uterine bleeding appears with clots that have formed from the endometrium. This condition definitely requires competent correction. To begin with, the patient will have to undergo some examination, after which treatment will be prescribed.

endometriosis

There is another reason why uterine bleeding occurs. Reviews of "experienced" patients suggest that such an ailment can be a symptom of endometriosis.

With the development of such a pathology, menstrual blood indefinitely penetrates the fallopian tubes and settles on nearby organs. It should be noted that these cells also undergo cyclical changes and monthly excrete blood and clots. Usually such an ailment gives women a lot of discomfort. It must be diagnosed in time and corrected correctly.

Use of contraceptives

it another reason that causes uterine bleeding. Reviews of many women (and specialists) suggest that with clots they can be caused by the use of certain contraceptives.

If there is a spiral in the uterus, the overgrown endometrium is rejected unevenly. This phenomenon may be accompanied by an increase in body temperature and general malaise.

While taking oral contraceptives, which are chosen incorrectly, there is an untimely and uneven production of hormones. In this regard, a woman can detect the next menstruation, which came ahead of schedule. In most cases, such bleeding is supplemented by mucous lumps.

If this reason is the cause of the disease, then it is necessary to stop using these contraceptives as soon as possible and undergo rehabilitation treatment.

Inflammatory processes and infections

In some cases, a complication of sexually transmitted infections is uterine bleeding with clots. Treatment in such a situation should be carried out immediately. Otherwise, the woman risks getting irreparable complications.

Also, with inflammation of the ovaries, sudden spotting with lumps of mucus can be observed. In most cases, they are accompanied by pulling or cutting pains in the lower part abdominal cavity and waist.

Ectopic pregnancy

If conception occurred, but for some reason attached in the wrong place, we are talking o Such a pathology is always interrupted at a certain time. At the same time, the woman experiences severe pain, weakness and decreased pressure.

Also breakthrough bleeding with lumps of mucus may appear even before the pregnancy is terminated. If at this stage a woman turns to a doctor who makes a correct diagnosis, then it will be possible to carry out timely treatment and avoid serious complications.

Risk of miscarriage

During pregnancy, for some reason, there may be a threat of its interruption. In this case, a woman may feel cramps in the lower abdomen and observe spotting.

To correct this condition, preservative drugs and hemostatic agents are prescribed for uterine bleeding. With timely therapy, as a rule, the threat recedes.

Neoplasms

In some cases, uterine bleeding with clots may occur with fibroids. With this development of events, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor for treatment.

Also, unscheduled bleeding from the genital tract may be due to cysts on the ovaries. If a complication occurs and the tumor ruptures, then the woman discovers severe bleeding, which is accompanied by internal hemorrhage.

Uterine bleeding with clots: how to stop?

Depending on what caused the heavy bleeding, an appropriate correction is prescribed. In most cases, doctors prescribe hemostatic drugs. It should be noted that such funds can not be taken with ectopic pregnancy, ovarian apoplexy and cyst rupture.

The most commonly prescribed drugs include the following:

• Medicine "Dicinon".
• The drug "Vikasol".
• Means "Etamzilat".
• Traneksam tablets.
• and others.

• Medicine "Oxytocin".
• The drug "Hyfototsin".
• Means "Pituitrin", as well as a number of other drugs.

All of these uterine contracting drugs help stop bleeding and reduce discharge.

If you have uterine bleeding with clots, how to stop it as quickly as possible? Experts recommend using the same drugs for this, only in the form for intravenous administration. In this form, the medicine begins to act within a few minutes and brings some relief.

Conclusion

If suddenly you have uterine bleeding, which is accompanied by the release of clots or other symptoms, you must immediately call an ambulance team. While you are waiting for the arrival of the doctor, you can take any depressant and lay down.

Keep track of your health genitourinary system and don't worry!

The pathological condition in question can be a symptom of a very serious ailments and can lead to certain complications. Therefore, uterine bleeding, regardless of intensity and duration, is a reason for immediately contacting a doctor for a full examination and receiving qualified assistance.

What is considered uterine bleeding, what is the danger of bleeding from the uterus?

Uterine bleeding, which lasts no more than a week, and, in general, does not affect general condition women - menstruation, which is considered a normal state.

In the event that bleeding from the uterus is intense, and / or they last longer than menstruation usually lasts, this indicates the presence systemic disease, or about violations in the work reproductive system.

Pathological uterine bleeding does not have age restrictions. They can occur during adolescence, menopause, and also in reproductive age.

The main consequence of uterine bleeding is the development in a woman anemia different degrees . This pathology is manifested by frequent dizziness, general loss of strength. Skin become pale, blood pressure drops sharply.

Lack of therapeutic measures heavy casualties blood represents serious danger for life!

Causes of uterine bleeding at different ages of a woman

There are many reasons that can provoke the release of blood from the uterus, but the most common of them are the following:

• Hormonal imbalance. Blood loss during menstruation increases with an increase in the level of estrogen or progesterone in the circulatory system.
• Blood disease.
• Errors in work thyroid gland that are represented by such ailments as hyper- or hypothyroidism.
• Adenomyosis. With this pathology, patients experience strong pain during the period of menstruation. Blood discharge while being intense.
• Polyps.
• Erosive changes in the cervix.
• Injury to the uterus during surgical procedures or during childbirth.
• Serious malfunction of the liver.
• Functional disturbances of cardio-vascular system: sharp jumps in blood pressure, atherosclerosis, etc.
• Internal uterine fibroids.
• Cancer of the reproductive organs.
• Complications during childbearing, as well as ectopic pregnancy.
• Taking contraceptive hormonal pills or using an intrauterine device. In the first case, the dosage of drugs should be adjusted, or changed to others. If the cause of abundant bleeding from the uterus is a spiral, it must be removed.
• Complications during childbirth: damage to the soft birth canal, incomplete output gestational sac, infringement of the placenta, decrease in uterine tone, etc.

As mentioned above, the condition under consideration is characterized by the absence of age restrictions.

Video: Uterine bleeding

1. At the age of 12 to 18 years, the following phenomena can provoke disruptions in hormonal regulation:

1. Deficiency of vitamins in the body, which may be the result of inadequate nutrition.
2. Severe injury.
3. Blood clotting disorders.
4. Malfunctions of the adrenal glands and / or thyroid gland.
5. Tuberculosis of the pelvic organs.
6. A history of various childhood infectious diseases: measles, whooping cough, rubella, etc.

dysfunctional uterine bleeding early age may also be present in girls whose birth - or bearing - was accompanied by certain difficulties.

2. At the age of 18 to 45 years, the pathological condition in question is diagnosed quite rarely.

The main culprit of uterine bleeding in a similar age interval is ovarian dysfunction, which may be the result of the following phenomena:

• A sharp change in climatic conditions.
• Work in hazardous conditions.
• Taking medications that affect the work of the hypothalamus and / or pituitary gland.
• Long stay in stressful situation, mental exhaustion.
• Living in a region with poor environmental conditions.
• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Abortion (including spontaneous).
• Inflammatory ailments that are of a chronic nature and adversely affect the ovaries. Such diseases include:
  - Cancers of the ovaries.
  — Cancer tumors, benign neoplasms body/cervix.
  — Endometriosis, .

3. At the age of 45 to 55 years, the presence of uterine bleeding may be the result of a violation of ovulation against the background of an irregular release of gonadotropins

Although in some cases, the cause of bleeding from the uterus at this age may be some female diseases.

Clots with bleeding from the uterus - the norm or pathology?

The presence of clots during bleeding can be triggered by the following phenomena:

1. The specificity of the structure of the organs of the reproductive system, which contributes to stagnant processes blood. Doctors often associate such an anomaly with a period prenatal development when the uterus undergoes certain modifications.
2. Hormonal imbalance, in which there is a rapid and excessive growth of the endometrium. Its exfoliation can occur before the timing of menstruation, or during it.

Causes and danger of uterine bleeding during pregnancy

Bleeding while carrying a child - dangerous signal which requires urgent medical events otherwise a miscarriage may occur, or premature birth(depending on the duration of pregnancy).

Even with scanty spotting, you should immediately go to the hospital!

The main thing is not to get behind the wheel, because the load in this case must be minimized.

The reasons for the considered pathological condition there may be several:

First 12 weeks:

• Pregnancy disorders (miscarriage, etc.).
• Cancer in the region of the chorion.
• Bubble drift.

After the 12th week - and until the end of pregnancy:

• Degenerative changes in the cervix.
• Detachment / placenta previa.
• The scar on the uterus that remained after caesarean section or surgical procedures.
• Cuweler's mother.

Video: Uterine bleeding: causes, how to stop, treatment

What to do with uterine bleeding - first and emergency medical care for sudden heavy or prolonged mild bleeding from the uterus

When the pathological condition under consideration appears, it is forbidden to perform the following measures:

1. Apply heat to the abdomen.
2. Take a warm shower, and even more so - a bath.
3. Do douching.
4. Take any drugs that promote uterine contraction without first consulting a doctor.

Before the arrival of the ambulance, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

• Adoption of a horizontal position. It is advisable to put your feet on a hill. This will minimize the severe consequences and help the patient remain conscious.
• Applying cold to lower part belly within 1-2 hours. Take 5 minute breaks every 15 minutes.
• Plentiful drink. For these purposes, sweet tea or still water will do. You can also prepare a rosehip decoction: the vitamin C contained in it has a positive effect on strengthening the walls of blood vessels.
• Taking hemostatic drugs. Possible only after consultation with a doctor. They should be taken with extreme caution by pregnant women: medical supplies have certain side effects. This group of drugs includes Aminocaproic acid, Dicinon, water pepper tincture, Vikasol.

If the bleeding is prolonged and/or intense, the following treatment may be provided to women within the hospital:

1. Taking oral combined contraceptives

Relevant if the cause of uterine bleeding is hormonal disbalance in the body. This method only suitable for nulliparous women who do not have endometrial cancer.

When diagnosing anemia, the type of treatment in question is unacceptable: it takes a long time. For each patient, the doctor individually calculates the dosage of the drug. However, often the initial dose is 6 tablets. With each subsequent day, the dosage decreases.

2. Treatment with hemostatic drugs

Their reception should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. The lack of the desired effect may require surgical treatment.

Among the most popular hemostatic agents are:

1. Aminocaproic acid. Most often, drip administration of the drug is used: 100 ml each. in a day. A contraindication to the use of this drug is DIC in a patient.
2. Traneksam. It is a very powerful hemostatic agent, which is also endowed with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic properties. When the drug in question is combined with other hemostatic drugs, there is a risk of blood clots.
3. Dicynon. It can be administered intramuscularly or by ingestion of 1 tablet 4 times a day. Due to the absence of the effect of increased blood clotting, this remedy can be used long span time.
4. Oxytocin. Favors to increase the tone of the uterus, narrowing the lumen of blood vessels. There are a number certain diseases, in which the indicated drug is forbidden to inject patients: myocarditis, hypertension, serious violations in the work of the kidneys in pregnant women, etc.

3. Surgery

Shown in the absence positive effects from drug therapy within 2 days after the start of its use.

What can threaten bleeding, what do they indicate? First of all, they are a symptom of the most dangerous diseases from the point of view. Bleeding can be signaled by the following:
chronic course inflammatory process in the pelvic organs or appendages;
blood problems;
dysfunction of the endocrine glands.

However, you should not be scared prematurely and self-diagnose.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding

The classification of deviation is represented by such varieties as:
menorrhagia - prolonged, profuse and persistent bleeding;
metrorrhagia - slight spotting in the intermenstrual period;
polymenorrhea - frequent, the interval between which does not reach 21 days;
menometrorrhagia - irregular but prolonged bleeding from the uterus.

What is dangerous uterine bleeding

If the bleeding from the uterus was not caused by an illness, the gynecologist will recommend avoiding stress and reviewing your work and rest schedule.

A decrease in the amount of iron and red blood cells is found, which can threaten a woman's health big problems. Bleeding that occurs during menopause deserves special attention. So the body can signal the development various pathologies up to malignant formations.

Related article

Sources:

• Uterine bleeding
• Types of bleeding from the uterus

Uterine is a formidable symptom of gynecological diseases. Untimely rendered health care or its absence can lead to tragic consequences. There can be several reasons for the development of uterine bleeding.

Instruction

Uterine bleeding is divided into 2 broad categories: bleeding as a result of disorders in internal organs and systems and bleeding caused by disorders in the genital area. Non-genital causes include infectious diseases(measles, influenza, typhoid, sepsis), blood diseases (hemophilia, hemorrhagic vasculitis), liver disease (cirrhosis), diseases of the cardiovascular system (atherosclerosis, hypertension), thyroid dysfunction. Genital uterine bleeding associated with pregnancy early dates, may be as follows: disturbed pregnancy (ectopic or uterine), diseases of the fetal egg (chorionepithelioma, hydatidiform mole).

Genital causes of bleeding associated with late pregnancy: premature detachment placenta, uterine scar, placenta previa, the process of destruction of tissue on the cervix, uterus, injuries of the vagina and vulva, low-lying placenta, rupture, violation of the attachment of the placenta, retention of secretions of the separated placenta, infringement of the placenta. Bleeding after childbirth can develop due to a decrease in the tone of the uterus, delayed parts of the placenta, injuries of the soft genital tract, endometritis, chorionepithelioma, uterine fibroids.

Exists large group genital causes of uterine bleeding not associated with pregnancy: dyscirculatory uterine bleeding (juvenile, reproductive, menopausal), tumors of the ovaries, uterus, ovarian ruptures, ovarian cyst ruptures, uterine trauma, vaginitis, endometritis, cervicitis, cervical erosion, infectious and inflammatory processes . Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can also be caused by rejection of the endometrial layer as a result of a decrease in the concentration of female sex hormones (gestagens, estrogens), a violation of the ovulation process. Similar phenomena are often observed among women aged 30-40 years.

There are heavy and prolonged bleeding, which coincide with menstruation in time. They're called . Bleeding that appears in the interval between is irregular and has different intensity. As a result of a failure in hormonal system women ovulation becomes impossible, at the same time the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows with insufficient development of blood vessels. Blood circulation is disturbed, blood stagnates, the permeability of blood vessels changes. In addition, the function of platelets (the main cells of the coagulation system) decreases, and the processes of blood thinning increase. All this creates favorable conditions for the development of bleeding.

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Uterine bleeding is a discharge of blood from the uterus that can be caused by various reasons. Similar state requires mandatory treatment. There are obstetric and dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Types of uterine bleeding

Obstetric uterine bleeding can occur during pregnancy, during the birth process and in postpartum period. They begin suddenly, and are dangerous in that a large blood loss develops very quickly, leading to a violation of vital functions. Treatment of such bleeding is carried out in a hospital.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding develops due to disruption of the organs that regulate menstrual cycle. Distinguish between ovulatory and anovulatory dysfunctional bleeding. Ovulatory appear in women of reproductive age, anovulatory occur during puberty or menopause.

Treatment of uterine bleeding

At the first stage of treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, preparations of tranexamic or aminocaproic acid are used. "Tranexamic acid" is used orally in the amount of 4-5 g for 1 hour, and then - 1 g every hour until the bleeding stops. Sometimes prescribed intravenous administration drug in the amount of 4-5 g for 1 hour. Then droppers are made, while 1 g is administered every hour for 8 hours. The total daily amount of the drug should not exceed 30 g.

A significant reduction in blood loss occurs with the use of combined monophasic oral contraceptives, NSAIDs (Nimesulide, Ibuprofen) and Danazol. "Ibuprofen" take 400 mg every 4-6 hours. The daily amount is 1200-3200 mg. "Nimesulide" is prescribed 50 mg three times a day.

In order to treat dysfunctional uterine bleeding, combined low-dose oral contraceptives(COCs) containing 3rd generation progestogens ("Desogestrel" or "Gestodene"). The following is popular: within 4 days, take 1 tab. 4 times, then within 3 days drink 1 tab. 3 times a day, then take 1 tab. twice a day, then 1 tab. a day until the second package of the drug is finished. Outside of bleeding, to regulate the cycle of menstruation, COCs are taken for 3 cycles, 1 tab. per day (21 days - admission, 7 days - break).

In order to stop bleeding, only monophasic drugs are used. Research has proven high efficiency the use of monophasic low-dose COCs (Regulon, Marvelon, Rigevidon, Zhanin) ½ tab. every 4 hours until bleeding stops. On the following days, the dose is reduced to 1/2 tab. in a day. The duration of hormone intake depends on the severity iron deficiency anemia and the process of restoring hemoglobin levels.