Why did the blood go before menstruation. Possible causes of bleeding from the vagina in women. Discharge after childbirth

• Date: 30-04-2019
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Bloody discharge from the genitals makes many women wary, as they are convinced of the infectious nature of this phenomenon. This view is not entirely correct, since the appearance of bloody discharge from the vagina may be the norm.. However, in order to accurately determine the cause of the phenomenon, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

The norm or the development of the disease?

The absolute norm is the appearance of discharge a few days before the onset of menstruation. In this case, the nature of the allocated component will be scarce, but then the menstruation will begin to intensify. Allocations can persist a few days after the end of menstruation, which is also a normal process. In this case, the help of a doctor is not required.

You need to pay attention to the color of bloody discharge from the vagina. If they have a dark or brownish tint, then this is already a signal that indicates the development of diseases of an infectious or inflammatory nature. Such pathologies affect especially vulnerable places - the uterus and appendages. Seek medical attention to avoid complications.

As for spotting and scanty blood discharge in women who are not related to menstruation, such a symptom may indicate the following pathologies:

1. Cervical cancer.
2. Menstrual irregularities.
3. Erosions in the cervix.
4. The presence of polyps in the cervix.
5. development of endometriosis.

If the pathological process develops further, then pus may appear in the blood secretions in women. The smell will be very fetid, so it's hard not to notice. In such cases, going to the hospital is necessary, otherwise the pathological process may develop further, which will require a completely different treatment.

Most often, discharge with blood in the middle of the cycle appears due to a strong change in hormonal levels. This is especially true of estrogen, which plays a significant role in a woman's life. When the egg is ready for fertilization, the level of this hormone rises. At the same time, estrogen strongly affects the uterine lining, so spotting in the middle of the cycle is a normal pattern. Nevertheless, some gynecologists recommend correcting this process with the help of a medical method.

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Bleeding in the middle of the cycle can also appear in the following cases:

1. In the presence of tumors of the genital organs.
2. If an intrauterine device has been installed.
3. With the threat of miscarriage.
4. The presence of an inflammatory process of a chronic nature in the uterine mucosa.
5. When using oral hormonal contraception.
6. After colposcopy, cauterization of erosion and other gynecological interventions.

Pregnancy and pathology: how to recognize the threat?

Discharge with blood during pregnancy is also a certain indicator of a woman's health and the course of gestation. A situation in which spotting is present in a small amount is considered normal. Often this happens when an egg that has been fertilized is introduced into the lining of the uterus. In this case, spotting is associated with minor damage to small vessels. The intervention of a specialist is not required, but it is recommended to visit a doctor to rule out dangerous conditions.

The appearance of bloody discharge is a reason to consult a doctor at any period of bearing a child. Color and character also does not matter. This is due to the fact that often the cause of the appearance of a symptom indicates the following problems:

1. The threat of premature birth.
2. The presence of a threat of miscarriage.
3. Placenta previa.
4. Partial detachment of the placenta.

Especially you need to pay attention to the bloody discharge of a brown tint. The danger is associated with a sharp increase in the amount of mucus secreted, which poses a threat to the mother and fetus. If spotting appears, then you need to call an ambulance, especially if you have the following symptoms:

• Strong sweating.
• Pain in the abdomen.
• Dizziness.
• Pale skin tone.
• Increased heart rate.
• Increasing feelings of weakness.

The presented signs indicate placental abruption or the appearance of an internal type of bleeding. The expectant mother is advised to observe bed rest, it is necessary to avoid unrest and stressful situations. Doctors in most cases require hospitalization of the patient, so you should not refuse such an offer, this will avoid the risk to the mother and child.

Bloody discharge in early pregnancy signals the presence of a risk of miscarriage. To prevent this threat, the patient is referred for treatment to the gynecology department. It is not recommended to refuse hospitalization, as only an experienced doctor can identify possible risks, correctly assess the situation and make an informed decision.

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The situation is similar with late pregnancy. In this case, spotting also indicates the possibility of placental abruption, urgent hospitalization is required. If the discharge occurred after 37 weeks, then this indicates the departure of the mucous plug, which is a natural barrier to the movement of pathological bacteria. Bloody discharge indicates that the patient will soon go into labor. In some cases, the sign appears 3-4 days before the expected labor activity, however, there are situations in which childbirth begins after 2-48 hours.

Discharge after childbirth

Discharge with blood after childbirth is also the norm. They are pink in color. Such manifestations are called lochia. The duration of this phenomenon ranges from 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of childbirth. You need to pay attention to this, but you should not indulge in panic. On the first day, the discharge has a bright shade. Similar to bleeding during menstruation. The composition of the separated component contains mucus. In the future, the discharge begins to lighten and acquire a more transparent shade.

The secretions continue to change, causing their color to turn yellow. It contains streaks of blood. At 3-4 weeks after the completion of childbirth, lochia becomes spotting. A woman needs to be wary if lochia does not go away after 6 weeks. You need to see a doctor. Some situations are associated with lengthening the postpartum period. In this case, lochia can persist after 8 weeks, which also requires a visit to a medical facility.

It is also necessary to visit a doctor if the nature and color of symptoms change. If they become transparent, but then again acquire a bright red or even brown hue, and their smell is unpleasant, then you need to contact a specialist urgently. When pain occurs in the lower abdomen, treatment is also required, since an unpleasant symptom may indicate the development of postpartum endometritis, which is associated with the entry of pathogenic bacterial flora into the uterine mucosa.

Thus, a woman needs to be alert in the following cases:

• In the presence of high body temperature and the presence of chills.
• If there are large blood clots in the discharge.
• Longer postpartum period and discharge.
• An unpleasant odor that is present in lochia.
• The appearance on the 4-5th day of red discharge, which does not stop going in the supine position.
• Abundant character of lochia discharge.
• Cessation of lochia excretion at 1 week postpartum. Such a sign indicates an inflection of the uterus or a blockage of its cervix with a blood clot.

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There was a discharge after the examination: what to do?

It is not uncommon for the appearance of discharge after visiting a doctor and conducting a gynecological examination. They are the norm of excretion, which have a meager character. This is associated with a minor injury that was received during the diagnostic procedures or during the collection of smears. Small vessels are damaged, so blood is present in the secretions. Such a slight bleeding will soon stop on its own, so you should not worry and worry about this.

It is necessary to pay attention if pain in the lower abdomen is added to the listed symptoms. In addition, a feeling of itching may occur, and the amount of discharge will increase. In such situations, you need to seek medical help again. Such manifestations are associated with infection during diagnosis, which can occur when using a medical instrument that has not been processed in advance.

Blood after intercourse

Postcoital bleeding, or discharge with bloody contents, should also be divided into normal and pathological. In the presence of weak secretions, there is no reason to worry. However, with an increase in the sign, you should contact a gynecologist, since there are a lot of reasons for the appearance of such a condition, starting with trauma to the vagina and ending with the development of an infection.

They are the absolute norm of discharge, consisting of blood and released after defloration, that is, after the first sexual intercourse of a woman. However, you need to pay attention that the symptom does not appear in everyone. We are talking about the group of girls whose hymen is quite dense, which leads to profuse hemorrhages. The presence of a thin hymen, which has a moon-shaped shape, is not characterized by such a manifestation.

Minor mechanical injuries are another popular factor that leads to bleeding symptoms. It appears as a result of rough or violent intimacy of an intimate nature. There is damage to the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix. If during the act the blood goes strongly, and the partner has pain, then you need to stop the process and urgently consult a doctor.

Sexually transmitted diseases cause bloody discharge after sexual intercourse. Such diseases include trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea and many others. The pathological group includes diseases of the female genital organs. They are represented by inflammatory processes in the cervix or vagina. In this case, the discharge appears not only after the act, but also before it, even when the patient is at rest.

With internal bleeding, the patient develops severe pain of a cramping nature. It is concentrated in the groin, lower abdomen, lower back and other places. It is urgent to call an ambulance. Bleeding appears with serious injuries, an example is the following conditions:

1. Ectopic pregnancy.
2. Rupture of an ovarian cyst.
3. Ovarian damage.

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Thus, signs in the form of mucus with blood may indicate a variety of processes that are both normal and pathological.

For this reason, you should consult a specialist and undergo a medical examination by a gynecologist, which will eliminate the dangers and risks.

If you do not use the advice presented, then the result of such negligence can be sad if there is indeed a pathology in the woman's genitals.

The regularity and stability of the menstrual cycle is an important indicator of women's health. When bleeding occurs, but not menstruation, then you should think about reproductive health.

When there is spotting instead of menstruation

Spotting discharges that do not belong to the norms listed above (before / after menstruation, during ovulation) may be associated with such diseases:

• endometriosis (disease of the uterus of a non-inflammatory nature);
• erosion of the cervix;
• polyps in the cervix;
• cervical cancer.

You should not panic prematurely, the final diagnosis is established only by a doctor after a thorough diagnosis. At the same time, if the discharge is insignificant, most likely none of the above is available.

With the development of a pathological process with blood, pus may be released. In this case, the smell becomes fetid, and the color acquires a greenish tint. The pathologies listed above can also be indicated by a, but again, abundant, scanty discharge is not a threatening sign. However, if the discharge is repeated, it is still better to play it safe, because this may be a symptom of a vaginal injury or even something more serious. This requires immediate medical attention.

If spotting is accompanied by severe abdominal pain, it may be a sign of internal bleeding, which is a very serious condition. In this case, urgent hospitalization is necessary. Internal bleeding can accompany rupture of the follicle with a blow to the stomach or excessive physical exertion, so it was not in vain that women were always protected from hard work and burden.

In a healthy woman, menstruation is regular, not accompanied by discomfort and unpleasant symptoms. Irregular, profuse, spontaneous bleeding indicates dysfunction. For what reasons does it occur, and what symptoms can it be accompanied by.

Types of dysfunction

Sexual bleeding (uterine, vaginal) is accompanied by many gynecological disorders, pathology of pregnancy, labor, early postpartum period. In rare cases, blood loss from the genital tract is a consequence of injury or pathology in the hematopoietic system.

There are many reasons for this state of affairs. They differ in intensity and can lead to different consequences.

Vaginal bleeding is directly related to infection or mechanical trauma, and uterine bleeding is associated with diseases, hormonal dysfunction, and ovulation.

Starting in adolescence with menstruation, regular bleeding from the vagina begins to accompany every healthy woman, and this is the norm. On average, physiological blood loss ranges from 40 to 80 ml.

Abnormal conditions and reasons for bleeding from the vagina:

• Dysfunctional disorder - pathological bleeding on the background of hormonal disorders.
• Organic disorder - pathological bleeding that develops in the pathology of the genital organs.
• Iatrogenic disorder, in which bleeding is a consequence of taking contraceptives, antithrombotic drugs, installing a spiral.
• Uterine bleeding during gestation, labor, in the postpartum period.
• Juvenile bleeding.
• Dysfunction in postmenopause.

By nature, bleeding from the vagina can be cyclic (menorrhagia) or acyclic (metrorrhagia).

Cyclic ones last more than 6-7 days, with a copious character, about 100 ml in volume. Acyclic dysfunction is not tied to the menstrual cycle, it occurs at an indefinite time.

menorrhagia

The cause of menorrhagia can be endometritis, fibroids, endometriosis. With the development of these pathologies, the uterine wall loses its normal contractility, and this increases and prolongs vaginal bleeding.

endometritis

In the acute stage of infection, a woman develops fever along with merorrhagia, the lower third of the abdomen is painful. On examination, the body of the uterus is enlarged, painful. The disease in the chronic form passes without signs of fever, a pronounced pain syndrome is not observed. The development of endometritis provokes a post-abortion or postpartum period.

Myoma

With neoplasms, in addition to menorrhagic dysfunction, a woman is worried about pain, discomfort of urination and defecation. On examination, the doctor detects an increase in the uterus in size. Uterus with an uneven, bumpy surface, compacted, palpation does not cause pain. In pathology, alternation of menorrhagia with metrorrhagia is possible.

endometriosis

With endometriosis, menorrhagia is accompanied by soreness (algodysmenorrhea), which progresses over time. On examination, the doctor notes an increase in the uterus. The smoothness of the surface in endometriosis is preserved.

Regardless of the pathology, menorrhagia is profuse bleeding with clots. A woman complains of weakness, a sharp deterioration in general condition, dizziness, fainting.

Prolonged blood loss leads to a severe form of iron deficiency anemia.

Metrorrhagia

If a woman does not have her period, but she is bleeding, then this is metrorrhagia. This condition develops against the background of physical and psychological overwork, work in hazardous industries, inflammatory diseases, neoplasms and endocrine disorders.

Metrorrhagia occurs at any time, and if a woman bleeds spontaneously, "out of the blue" - there is an acute stage of the process. Chronic metrorrhagia is determined by prolonged intermenstrual bleeding with disturbed cyclicity.

Anovulatory metrorrhagia

This type of dysfunction affects adolescent girls and menopausal women.

With anovulatory metrorrhagia, ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum do not occur, menstruation is delayed, and bleeding continues for more than 7 days.

Postmenopausal metrorrhagia

Dysfunction develops against the background of the extinction of the ovaries. Periods are irregular at first, but eventually stop completely. With the onset of postmenopause, metrorrhagia is a symptom of the resulting benign and malignant tumors.

If a woman has no menstruation for more than a year, the onset of metroraggia is an undesirable and dangerous symptom. You should contact a specialist as soon as possible.

When to see a doctor?

There are several additional signs and conditions by which you can suspect the onset of dysfunction:

1. There are clots in the menstrual blood.
2. Sexual intercourse is accompanied by soreness and bloody discharge.
3. A woman complains of causeless fatigue and weakness, hypotension.
4. Pain increases from period to period.
5. Menstruation is accompanied by fever.

If the period lasts more than a week, the cycle is reduced to 21 days, the discharge is more than usual, or there is bleeding between periods, a woman should not be postponed. You should contact your gynecologist as soon as possible.

Light spotting outside of a period or bleeding between periods is common. They are found in many women. Bloody discharge, as a rule, occurs before menstruation or a few days after it ends. However, they can appear on any day in the middle of the cycle. Most often, the nature of such secretions is normal and is not considered a symptom of any serious disease. But the unreasonable occurrence of bleeding, which is profuse, may be a sign of diseases of the uterus and other disorders of the organs of the female genital area.

It is worth pointing out that the normal duration of the menstrual cycle is from 21 to 35 days, the duration of menstrual bleeding is 3-7 days, while blood loss is from 40 to 80 ml. Monthly blood loss of more than 50-60 ml contributes to the occurrence of an acute shortage of iron in the female body.

Causes of bleeding in the middle of the cycle.
Intermenstrual bleeding is understood as uterine or vaginal bleeding that occurs between periods, earlier or later than the expected start of menstruation. This phenomenon is also known as vaginal bleeding between periods and is expressed in the form of blood clots in the middle of the menstrual cycle. Some women classify this phenomenon as a short cycle, but this is not at all the case. A short cycle (polymenorrhea) involves severe blood loss that occurs on the 13th or 15th day after the end of the last menstruation. Such a phenomenon as polymenorrhea, as a rule, is observed with a disorder of uterine contractions in conditions of slow regeneration of the mucous membrane of its cavity, as well as disorders of blood clotting. Therefore, this kind of phenomenon does not apply to polymenorrhea.

Intermenstrual bleeding most often occurs 10-16 days after the end of the last menstrual period. This type of bleeding is not heavy (that is, you can get by with the use of "daily") and lasts an average of twelve to seventy-two hours. If the intensity of bleeding does not change, then there is no reason for concern. If blood loss increases, and the duration of bleeding is more than three days, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist. In case of severe bleeding, you should call an ambulance. It also happens that, having already become pregnant, a woman has her last menstruation, while she is completely unaware of conception. Therefore, in cases where such bleeding is accompanied by severe pain, there is a suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, etc.

Intermenstrual bleeding is observed in almost thirty percent of women and is the norm. This phenomenon is caused by fluctuations in estrogen levels during ovulation, which cause the endometrium to weaken and bleeding occurs. Most often, in this situation, a woman is prescribed hormonal agents with estrogen to normalize hormone levels. Bleeding in the middle of the cycle is observed in women with frequent violations of the functions of the genitourinary system, while the nature of the bleeding is more intense.

There are two main types of bleeding that occur between periods:

• bleeding between two periods - intermenstrual bleeding;
• metrorrhagia - severe uterine bleeding.

• hormonal changes or disorders in the body;
• insufficient amount of thyroid hormones;
• miscarriage;
• diseases of the endometrium of the uterine cavity;
• use of intrauterine contraception (spiral);
• starting or stopping birth control pills;
• starting or stopping estrogen-based drugs;
• severe depression or stress;
• diseases of the cervix;
• carrying out some gynecological procedures (in particular, cauterization and biopsy of the cervix);
• taking certain medications;
• vaginal infections or trauma to the vagina;
• benign neoplasms in the cervix, vagina or urethra.

In cases with intermenstrual bleeding, it is recommended to rest more and avoid stressful situations and depressive conditions in every possible way. Therapy of this type of bleeding is necessary if this phenomenon causes pain in a woman, and is also caused by the development of serious diseases. In these cases, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

It is very important to visit a gynecologist to prevent the development of serious diseases with a constant delay in menstruation, with painful menstruation, with abundant or scanty bleeding during menstruation, in violation of their duration. There is no need to despair if any pathology was detected during the diagnosis, because the treatment of the disease at an early stage is quite effective.

Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle.
Bloody discharge, which is meager (mostly no need to use pads), occurs much more often than intermenstrual bleeding. They are expressed in the form of pinkish or light brown mucus from the vagina, which can only be seen on toilet paper. Underwear does not get dirty.

This kind of discharge occurs approximately two weeks before the onset of menstruation and is absolutely normal. Basically, this period falls on ovulation, so the discharge indicates the readiness of the egg for fertilization. These selections help to accurately determine

The rhythm of the menstrual cycle is one of the main indicators of a woman's health. The sequence of phases is observed with a clear hormonal regulation, the absence of aggravating somatic, neurological or sexual diseases. If it goes during menstrual intervals, you should seek the advice of a gynecologist.

With the onset of the age of about twelve years, girls should already have knowledge of how. The period when the girl begins to prepare to realize the function of bearing and giving birth to a child begins at this age. The regularity of the cycle is established over several years. The period can be delayed until the age of seventeen.

Throughout this time, there is a regulation of hormonal mechanisms, control of cyclic fluctuations in the hormonal background. This is necessary for the maturation of the egg, its release into the cavity of the fallopian tubes for fertilization, then attaching to the endometrium in the uterus and carrying the pregnancy.

If the mature egg does not meet with the sperm, then the entire mass of the endometrium prepared for this process is rejected under the influence of hormones, comes out through the vagina, and menstruation occurs.

A normal cycle has a duration of twenty-one to thirty-five days. This period of time includes one bleeding and one "dry" period. Normally, every woman should monitor her body, marking these events on the calendar. Thus, the following characteristics of the menstrual cycle become clear:

• total duration;
• period of menstruation;
• intensity of blood loss;
• a break between them;
• circumstances affecting changes in these characteristics.

An important sign is considered to be how serious the blood loss is. Normally, it is no more than one hundred and fifty milliliters. Menstrual flow consists of blood, fragments of the endometrium, clots. They have a dark, in comparison with just blood, color, thicker consistency. By the end of menstruation, the blood from the vagina becomes even darker in color, becomes viscous, and may have a brown color.

With various violations of the menstrual cycle, the signs of the cycle characteristic of individual characteristics may change. The duration of the intervals or the bleeding itself increases or decreases. Its intensity, consistency of secretions, accompanying symptoms change:

• soreness;
• swelling;
• headache;
• neurotic disorders;
• exacerbation of comorbidities.

sexual relations

The onset of sexual activity is associated with a certain stress for a young female body. After the first intimate contacts, the girls observe the release of blood from the external genital organs. Their number is insignificant and does not pose any threat to health, but still needs to be sorted out.

The destruction of the hymen, located in girls on the eve of the vagina - defloration - can lead to a violation of the integrity of the blood vessels penetrating this anatomical structure. This leads to the fact that blood can flow in very small quantities.

Bloody discharge can go on for several sexual intercourses after defloration. However, this should not be taken as tragic. This is a variant of the normal development of the body and the adaptation of the woman's body to sexual relations.

The appearance of small, meager bleeding may disturb a woman who has recently begun regular sex life for several cycles precisely in the intermenstrual period. In any case, it is necessary to seek the advice of a gynecologist. In the first months, the female body should be spared until it adapts to sexual relations.

Pregnancy

In the early stages of pregnancy, a woman may not be aware of her condition and take blood-like discharge associated with the attachment of the fetal egg to the uterine mucosa for menstruation. But there are differences between such secretions from blood during menstruation:

• bright coloring;
• absence of clots, fragments of the endometrial mucosa;
• lack of mucus.

The secretions may also have a viscous, smearing consistency. Such phenomena most likely indicate a threat of miscarriage and also require an immediate visit to a gynecologist.

Late pregnancy, especially the last two or three months, should be under the close supervision of a doctor, as they threaten premature birth. The mass of the uterus is growing rapidly, the amount of blood arriving in the pelvic cavity increases, the pressure of the fetus on the vessels of the abdominal cavity is also quite large.

The appearance of blood from the genital tract during this period is a harbinger of the threat of premature delivery. Blood loss can be rapid and irreparable. At the slightest sign of such a development of events, it is necessary to seek qualified help. Harbingers can be pulling pains in the lumbar region, lower third of the abdomen, spotting, nausea, vomiting, dizziness.

Contraceptives

The popularity of the hormonal method of contraception is high. Modern drugs have a high Pearl index, a low level of side effects, and a preventive effect against cancer.

However, they can be taken only on the individual prescription of a doctor. The content of hormones in different means is different, an inadequate dose can provoke.

The intrauterine device mechanically prevents fertilization, but the first few periods after its establishment are plentiful and painful. In the intervals between them, there should be no bleeding normally. If a similar phenomenon occurs, you should immediately go to the doctor's office to exclude disease or mechanical damage to the uterus.

Diseases

As women age, various diseases of the genital area may develop. Many of them are accompanied by heavy bleeding. These include endometriosis, uterine hyperplasmosis. The endometrium pathologically increases, blood flow increases. Abundant bleeding occurs, which exhausts the body, can lead to anemia, sexual life is disturbed, and the overall vitality decreases. This condition requires qualified assistance.

Treatment and diagnosis

The main advice for every woman: regular check-ups at the gynecologist, even if there are no reasons for concern. Such a proactive principle will help preserve health, including reproductive health.

To diagnose the cause of the bleeding, the results of the examination will be needed. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe the passage of diagnostic procedures: ultrasound examination of the uterus and other organs of the small pelvis, laboratory tests.

In the absence of infectious diseases, the presence of regular sexual relations, a positive gynecological history, the cause of blood discharge may be stress, physical activity, exposure to adverse climatic, physical factors or concomitant diseases. Their treatment will bring improvement in women's health.

If the causes are in gynecological diseases, hormonally active drugs of the appropriate effect are prescribed, treatment of genital infections, if necessary, diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity. Pregnant women with bleeding are urgently hospitalized for treatment in a hospital setting.