Determine bleeding during menstruation. Video: Causes of heavy menstrual flow. How to identify heavy periods or bleeding

By the regularity of menstruation, the amount of blood loss, soreness, one can judge the health of a woman. Normally, menstruation lasts up to 7 days, they should not be accompanied by a pronounced violation of well-being, loss of strength. During this time, up to 150 ml of blood is lost. This volume manages to be compensated by the internal reserves of the body and is not reflected in the analyzes. But what to do with heavy periods that exhaust, break the usual rhythm of life?

What is considered a pathology?

The duration of the cycle is on average 28 days, but the duration may vary on an individual basis. Directly on the monthly accounts for 4-7 days. If the discharge is observed for more than the maximum period, pathology should be suspected.

Menstruation may be accompanied by minor pain, but should not disturb the usual rhythm of life. If you are forced to take time off from work, to spend time lying in bed, then this is also a reason to see a doctor.

The amount of blood loss is critical. It should not lead to the development of anemia, the signs of which are dizziness, tachycardia, darkening of the eyes, shortness of breath. How to determine whether it is heavy periods or bleeding: you need to calculate how often the pads change. If a tampon or sanitary napkin overflows within an hour, this is not normal.

The detachable endometrium may look like small strands or clots. But sometimes bleeding occurs with the release of large dark clots and a small amount of light blood. This condition also has its reasons.

Why does the nature of the secretions change?

The causes of heavy periods can be different - from minor functional disorders to severe pathologies.

Pathology of the uterus

With severe myomatosis, an increase in the internal area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe uterus occurs, a change in its shape. Therefore, the endometrium is separated longer, there is more of it, which means that the bleeding is more abundant. Endometriosis is a pathological growth of the endometrium. It grows into the muscular layer of the uterus. The separation is accompanied by pain, profuse blood loss. Both pathologies develop against the background of hyperestrogenism, which contributes to endometrial hyperplasia. This condition is also characterized by intermenstrual bleeding.

Causes of heavy periods with clots may be in a change in the shape of the uterus. If there are, which interfere with the normal outflow of blood, it lingers inside, has time to curl up and comes out in the form of clots.

It is worth alerting when heavy periods with clots appear after 45 years. Especially if the woman has already entered the period of menopause, and menstruation has been absent for a long time. These changes may be due to cancer.

Abortion and childbirth, the presence of an IUD

If there were complications during the birth of a child or in the postpartum period, such as bleeding or inflammation, the former can be very profuse. After a caesarean section, such changes in the nature of the discharge are also the result of trauma to the uterus. When breastfeeding, menstruation is absent for a long time. But at the initial stage of the restoration of the cycle, menstruation can last longer than usual.

A change in the duration and intensity of menstruation is observed after intrauterine manipulations:

• abortion:
• scraping;

Also, do not forget about the possibility of spontaneous abortion. Sometimes a woman is unaware of her pregnancy. Often this situation is observed with an irregular cycle. Then a delay of several days is perceived as the norm. But the fetus is not attached to the uterine cavity, after a short delay, more pronounced than usual bleeding begins.

The presence of an intrauterine device increases the likelihood of changes in the abundance of blood loss. Only in the case of using an intrauterine system with gestagens "" for endometriosis and myoma, the volume of blood lost will decrease, and the number of critical days will be reduced.

Medications

The use of drugs that thin the blood can make menstrual bleeding longer. This applies to Aspirin, a group of antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants that are used in the treatment of thrombosis and blood clotting pathologies.

Medical abortion is carried out with the help of drugs that lead to the death of the fetal egg and its natural rejection. Sometimes, with incomplete menstruation, there are abundant. This condition must be monitored by ultrasound, with the development of complications, medical attention will be required.

Abundant periods after a course of Duphaston are a consequence of the effect of the drug on the endometrium. Under the influence of the hormone, the growth of blood vessels in it increases. A looser mucous membrane during menstruation is actively rejected.

Hormonal changes

During the formation of the monthly cycle in adolescents, bleeding of different nature may alternate. The same can be said about women who are on the verge of menopause.

Diseases and hypovitaminosis

Pathologies of the endocrine organs, blood coagulation systems, including congenital ones, can affect the amount of blood loss during menstruation. The lack of vitamins C, K, P, as well as calcium, disrupts the process of blood clotting, which threatens to worsen the condition during menstruation.

There are also data on the influence of the nature of nutrition. A diet with a predominance of lactic acid products - kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt - leads to an increase in the synthesis of substances in the liver that thin the blood. The result is a deterioration in its coagulability.

Principles of therapy

The gynecologist chooses treatment tactics only after establishing the cause of the pathological condition. It is unacceptable to decide on your own what to drink during heavy menstruation. Self-medication will lead to the progression of the pathology and its transition to a severe form.

Medications

Hemostatic drugs belong to different groups. The choice of a particular remedy may depend on the cause of heavy menstruation.

• Askorutin

It is a vitamin preparation, the action of which is aimed at strengthening the walls of blood vessels. But the effect develops gradually, not earlier than after 3 weeks of regular intake. Therefore, it is used for prophylactic purposes, as well as after intrauterine manipulations. The analogue is the drug Rutascorbin.

• Vikasol

A vitamin preparation, a source of vitamin K. This is a component of prothrombin, a protein that ensures blood clotting. To prescribe a medication, it is necessary to bring a diagnosis and prove that the cause of bleeding is precisely the deficiency of the vitamin.

• Hemostatic tablets Dicinon (Etamzilat)

Accelerates blood clotting, but does not affect thrombosis and does not constrict blood vessels. It is allowed to use it for metrorrhagia, heavy bleeding in women with. But the drug is prohibited for use in pregnant and lactating women. Despite the fact that Etamzilat does not increase the likelihood of blood clots, it is not used for thrombosis. The drug increases coagulability due to the platelet link, therefore, in patients with thrombocytopenia, the effect of therapy will not appear. In mild cases, Dicinon can be used in the form of tablets, with severe blood loss, treatment begins with intravenous injections, then they switch to intramuscular and oral tablets.

• Tranexam

In the form of tablets, it is used in cases of bleeding associated with the activation of fibrinolysis - the dissolution of a clot that formed at the site of a bleeding vessel.

Additional actions of the drug are: analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-infectious.

Tranexamic acid is used for heavy menstruation and uterine bleeding. But it can cause thrombosis. Therefore, with pathologies of the coagulation system, the presence of thrombosis in the past, its use is not recommended.

For symptomatic therapy, iron preparations, folic acid, vitamin C are used. They are necessary to restore blood, treat anemia. Iron and ascorbic acid are antagonists - in the presence of vitamin C, the absorption of ferrum is more active. Folic acid affects the division of new red blood cells, the formation of complete hemoglobin.

Phytotherapy

With heavy and prolonged periods, the use of herbs can help reduce blood loss, improve blood clotting, and compensate for the deficiency of certain substances. But they are not a panacea, the effect of herbal remedies is mild, and it is impossible to calculate the exact dosage: the amount of active substances varies greatly depending on the collection period, drying conditions and storage of substances. Herbal preparations may slightly reduce the severity of symptoms, but will not cure endometriosis, fibroids and endometrial hyperplasia, and will not dissect intrauterine adhesions.

To reduce blood loss, traditional medicine suggests using nettle. A decoction, an infusion is prepared from it, which they begin to take a few days before the onset of menstruation.

Corn stigmas have a hemostatic effect. A decoction is prepared from them, which is taken several times during the day.

Water pepper extract is sold in a pharmacy in the form of an alcohol solution. It is able to reduce the duration and severity of bleeding. Take it as prescribed by a doctor with a slight increase in blood loss, as well as after an abortion,. The duration of admission is determined individually.

Yarrow has a similar effect as nettle. For medical use, it is better to buy ready-made pharmaceutical raw materials, which are collected in compliance with all sanitary requirements, and the concentration of useful substances is maximum. Yarrow is used in the form of decoctions and water infusions.

As an astringent and hemostatic agent, viburnum extract, a decoction of shepherd's purse and peppermint are used.

Some healers suggest using self-prepared herbal remedies for douching. Such treatment can be very harmful. Reverse current along with menstrual blood can bring an infection that will lead to the development of inflammation.

Lifestyle

To prevent and eliminate heavy bleeding, you need to change your lifestyle. For a while, you should completely abandon alcoholic beverages, coffee and strong tea. Those who are actively involved in sports, on critical days, need to abandon training or reduce their intensity. The same rule applies to lifting weights.

Hot baths, a sauna, a bath, any thermal procedures increase the volume of blood loss. This also includes active insolation, many warming physiotherapy.

other methods

If the bleeding has become pathological, emergency medical attention is needed. Reducing drugs in this case are not prescribed. The only way to stop the bleeding is curettage - the mechanical removal of blood clots that prevent the uterus from contracting. In severe cases, transfusion of blood, plasma or its components may be required in the development of pathological signs of blood loss.

In adolescence, curettage of the uterine cavity is not used. For girls, there is a way to stop bleeding with the help of medications. Combined oral contraceptives have hemostatic properties. But they are not taken according to the usual scheme - 1 tablet per day, but according to a special system, several tablets per dose at short intervals.

Monthly uterine bleeding is normal for women of reproductive age. However, vaginal spotting can also be pathological.

Abundant bleeding during menstruation indicates the development of pathological processes in the female body. In such situations, it is important to know how to stop bleeding at home.

Heavy bleeding during menstruation is easy to distinguish from normal menstrual flow. In the pathological process, bleeding is prolonged and is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• copious discharge does not stop within a week;
• the need for frequent change of hygiene products - up to 8-10 times a day;
• the presence of blood clots;
• severe pain in the lower abdomen, which are pulling in nature;
• headache and dizziness.

Blood loss during menstruation in a healthy woman averages 60 ml for the entire menstrual cycle. The first days of discharge are accompanied by mild aching pains in the lower abdomen caused by uterine contractions. Abundant menstrual bleeding is considered to be more than 80 ml of blood from the uterus per cycle.

Causes of heavy bleeding

Heavy menstrual bleeding can be caused by:

• abortion and medical termination of pregnancy;
• inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs;
• tumors and neoplasms in the uterus and ovaries;
• infectious diseases;
• endometriosis;
• use of intrauterine contraceptives;
• thyroid disease.

Such processes that cause a violation of the menstrual cycle and the amount of uterine discharge require mandatory treatment. However, it is important to know how to stop heavy periods at home in order to provide first aid before contacting a specialist.

As soon as the woman realized that she had severe uterine bleeding, while there was a deterioration in the condition, an ambulance should be called. Before the arrival of medical workers, you can try to reduce the intensity of uterine bleeding on your own.

1. It is necessary to take a horizontal position so that the legs are higher in relation to the body. To do this, you can put a pillow under them.
2. Apply a cold object to the lower abdomen for 15 minutes. An ice pack will do. Cold constricts blood vessels and can reduce blood loss.
3. You need to drink plenty of fluids to replenish the water balance. You can drink water, juices, sweet tea.

This table presents the main hemostatic drugs used for severe uterine bleeding.

All these medications can only be used under the supervision of specialists.

It is important to know how to stop bleeding during menstruation at home. In gynecology, two drugs are widely used for this purpose - Dicinon and Tranexam.

The action and use of Dicinon

Dicynon activates blood coagulation, has a vasoconstrictive effect. The therapeutic effect occurs approximately 3 hours after the introduction of the drug into the body. With intravenous administration of the drug, the effect occurs after 20 minutes.

With severe blood loss, a single dose may consist of 3 tablets, and can be prescribed for up to 10 days. In gynecology, Dicinon is also used for prophylaxis with a tendency to uterine bleeding.

There may be such side effects of Dicinon:

• nausea;
• heartburn;
• dizziness;
• general weakness and malaise;
• hypotension;
• allergic reactions - itching and rashes on the skin.

Not all women are suitable Dicinon for menstrual bleeding. The drug has such contraindications:

• glucose-lactose deficiency;
• blood diseases;
• diseases of the liver and kidneys;
• increased blood clotting.

Tranexam for bleeding

Tranexam has a hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor effect. The duration of the drug should not exceed 4 days. Daily dose - 6 tablets for 2-3 doses. Tranexam is administered intravenously every 8 hours.

Tranexam has the following contraindications:

• thrombosis;
• violation of color perception;
• individual intolerance;
• kidney disease.

When using Tranexam, the following side effects are possible:

• vomiting, dizziness, nausea;
• weakness, drowsiness;
• tachycardia;
• chest pain;
• allergy.

In addition to Dicinon and Tranexam, it is possible to reduce menstrual flow with the help of such means as:

• tincture of lagohilus - dissolved in water 1:5, taken 3 times a day;
• tincture of water pepper - take 30 drops 3 times a day.

Every woman's home medicine cabinet should have at least one of the drugs that have a hemostatic effect.

It is also possible that menstruation ends, but soon bleeding begins after menstruation. How to stop blood loss, the specialist will tell you after a complete examination of the patient. Bleeding that begins after menstruation and is not associated with them is referred to in gynecology by the term "metrorrhagia".

Such a pathology may have the following causes:

• ectopic pregnancy;
• miscarriage;
• hormonal disorders;
• chronic infections of the pelvic organs;
• rupture of a cyst or ovary;
• the presence of erosion, polyps;
• taking oral contraceptives.

The exact cause of pathological blood discharge from the vagina can be determined by a specialist after the examination. Before contacting a specialist, a woman can take hemostatic drugs or traditional medicine.

Folk remedies for heavy bleeding

Traditional medicine will also help stop bleeding.

Heavy bleeding during menstruation can be stopped with the help of such means:

1. Lemon. With heavy menstruation, you can eat lemon in its pure form or with sugar. You need to eat two lemons a day.
2. Water pepper. This remedy increases blood clotting, relieves pain and has a wound healing effect. To prepare the medicine, 2 tbsp. l. dry grass pour 400 ml of boiling water. Water pepper insist half an hour and take 1 tbsp. l. every two hours.
3. Cuff. The plant has an astringent, wound healing, hemostatic and analgesic effect on the female body, and is widely used in pharmacology. To make tea, pour 30 g of dry grass into 1/2 liter of boiling water. Infuse the drink for an hour, take it three times a day until the unpleasant symptoms disappear.
4. Shepherd's bag. This medicinal plant has a hemostatic effect on the body. You can use baths made from the plant or use it as a tea. To prepare medicinal tea, pour 20 g of herb with two cups of boiling water, leave for an hour, divide into 3 doses and take before meals. To prepare a sitz bath for 1 liter of boiling water, you need 2 tbsp. plants. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes, the course is 5 days.
5. Nettle. The plant is a good remedy for maintaining the tone of the uterus. 1 st. l. nettle leaves, pour ½ liter of water, strain after 20 minutes, and take 100 ml at a time.
6. Cinnamon. The spice will help reduce the intensity of bleeding during heavy menstruation. In a glass of warm water, stir 3 tbsp. l. ground cinnamon. This remedy should be taken every half an hour until heavy bleeding stops.

If heavy menstrual bleeding occurs, measures should be taken to reduce blood loss. To determine the cause of the pathology, you should seek help from a specialist.

Bleeding during menstruation - for what reason does it occur, do I need to see a doctor and how to reduce blood loss on my own? These are all very important and frequently asked questions. After all, many women suffer from heavy menstruation, both young and approaching the age of menopause. Let's start with theory.

Norm and pathology

Normally, a woman during menstruation loses no more than 50 grams of blood for all days of menstruation. Usually, in the first 2-3 days, bleeding is stronger, there may be slight pain in the uterus, caused by its contraction. 40-50 grams is a moderate discharge. Less than 40 grams - meager.

With a blood loss of 50 to 80 grams, they talk about the possible occurrence of iron deficiency, especially if a woman eats poorly, eats insufficient iron-containing foods. Another sign of iron deficiency is profuse hair loss all over the head.

With blood loss from 80 to 120 grams, they talk about the need to reduce it with the help of hemostatic or hormonal drugs. And be sure to check for iron deficiency.

Do not forget to tell your doctor if you have heavy bleeding during menstruation with clots, especially if they are large - more than 2 cm. This may indicate a large blood loss. If this has not been observed before, there is a possibility of a miscarriage, that is, a woman may be pregnant, and termination of pregnancy should be considered as one of the possible causes of bleeding. Usually, a miscarriage is accompanied by pain in the uterus, spasms, sometimes fever, nausea, and weakness.

Urgent medical attention, or at least a consultation, is needed if there is very heavy bleeding during menstruation, one sanitary (not daily) pad gets completely wet in 2 or less hours. Simply, with abundant discharge, you can wait for them to end and go for an examination to a gynecologist to discuss this situation.

But, by the way, such emergency situations occur infrequently. The issue of uterine bleeding or menstruation usually occurs in women around the middle of the cycle. And then doctors, regardless of the abundance of discharge, say that this is bleeding, the so-called dysfunctional. There is a minimum cycle length of 21 days. If the blood appeared, say, on the 18th day, then you must remember how to distinguish between menstruation and bleeding, and that in this case you can and should consult a doctor.

How to understand how much blood you are losing and what to do

The easiest way is to weigh a clean sanitary napkin on a small scale that accurately shows grams, and then used. The difference between the two values ​​will be the amount of blood lost. Record each time this difference and summarize.

With a blood loss of more than 50-60 grams, you can think about taking oral contraceptives (hormonal pills). If the cause of heavy discharge is endometriosis, and if a woman is not planning a pregnancy at the moment, this is a great way to keep her blood loss moderate or even meager. But you should only remember that on your own, especially for the first time, you should not start taking contraceptives. Perhaps you have contraindications for taking them that you do not take into account. So, hormonal contraceptives should not be taken by women who smoke, especially over 35 years old, with severe hypertension, liver and kidney failure, a history of thrombosis, etc.

If oral contraceptives are not suitable for some reason, you can try taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They have analgesic and antipyretic properties (the well-known "Ibuprofen"). But besides this, it has the property of somewhat reducing blood loss. One problem - it can not be with a sick stomach.

How to stop bleeding during menstruation most quickly, effectively and safely? Many doctors recommend Dicinon in the old fashioned way, but Tranexam is a more modern and effective remedy. You need to take according to the instructions. But drinking nettle is completely ineffective. It only makes sense if there is absolutely no way out. For example, when you are out of town and there are no pharmacies nearby.

But sometimes it’s more correct not to try to find the most effective and suitable pills to stop bleeding during menstruation, but to eliminate the cause of this pathology. It could be an endometrial polyp. It is removed during the scraping procedure, or better - hysteroscopy, so the doctor will definitely not be mistaken. By the way, the polyp also causes bleeding after menstruation, intermenstrual. It is imperative to get rid of it.

Another common cause is uterine fibroids, especially submucosal and/or large subserous, intramural. The myomatous node does not allow the uterus to contract well. Therefore, menstruation can be not only plentiful, but also prolonged. Submucosal fibroids are usually removed at any size; for this, it is not necessary to make an incision in the peritoneum. Myoma is removed during hysteroscopy, through the vagina. Intramuscular myoma nodes and subserous (growing on the uterus like "mushrooms") up to 7 cm in size can be removed laparoscopically. And more than 7-8 cm laparotomically. But it should be noted that there is a conservative hormonal treatment of uterine fibroids. True, it helps for a while. But it serves as a good preoperative preparation. Nodes after treatment are reduced in size by about half.

And, of course, we should not forget about uterine artery embolization (UAE). This is a procedure for "killing" fibroids without an incision. In the artery that feeds the fibroids, under X-ray control, the doctor injects emboli - particles that should cut off the nutrition for the fibroids. After that, it becomes necrotic. There are already successful results of the procedure in women planning a pregnancy. But now UAE is not considered the best choice for them, as it can potentially harm the uterus and ovaries. But for women who are not planning a pregnancy, over the age of 35 and with multiple uterine fibroids, this is a great way to get rid of problems, including heavy periods.

And finally, the problem of heavy menstrual flow may be due to iron deficiency. Yes, oddly enough, and iron deficiency is provoked by a large blood loss, and blood loss can be a consequence of iron deficiency. But only in order to get the correct result (iron deficiency can be hidden), you need to donate blood not for hemoglobin, but for ferritin. If this diagnosis is confirmed, when taking iron-containing drugs, the periods become less abundant.

By the way, consultation of a hematologist and an endocrinologist, in general, will not harm if the gynecologist has not found the cause of hypermenorrhea (heavy menstruation). After all, the problem may be on their part ...

Remember that hypermenorrhea is not the norm. You can and should get rid of it. This will be good for health and improve the quality of life.

Characteristics of normal menstrual flow. Causes and types of bleeding. Signs of uterine bleeding.

Menstruation usually starts at age 12. Within 2 years, the cycle stabilizes, and the girls already know the characteristics of their body.

Sometimes, on critical days, the uterus opens, and due to inexperience, the thought arises that menstruation is plentiful, not the same as always. A late visit to the gynecologist is fraught with the development of severe bleeding and problems with conception in the future.

Therefore, all girls after menarche should be aware of how to distinguish between menstruation and bleeding.

Characteristics of normal menstrual flow

In the normal course of the cycle, menstruation in each case has physiological characteristics. A woman knows that the duration of the discharge falls within 3 to 7 days and never exceeds this period.

Bleeding begins after the same period of time, for example, after 21, 28, 30 or 35 days. Menstruation begins with meager spotting, on the 2nd - 3rd day the mucous-bloody mass becomes abundant, after which the volume of secretions gradually decreases.

Small blood clots during menstruation are normal if they come out in small quantities in the first days of bleeding. The color of the discharge is initially scarlet and bright red. By the end of critical days, the blood becomes maroon (occasionally black). Menstrual blood smells like fresh meat.

As for the volume of secretions, normally for all days of menstruation, the body should lose about 50 ml. This is easy to calculate on the gaskets. If 2 - 4 products are used up during the day, then everything is in order, and menstruation is not plentiful.

Pain in the abdomen is allowed at the beginning of menstruation. You can get rid of it with the help of painkillers and antispasmodics. If the discomfort does not interfere with the performance of daily duties, there is no cause for concern.

Minor bleeding may occur in the middle of the cycle. They indicate the rupture of the follicle at the time of ovulation.

Dysfunctional bleeding: causes and types

Pathological are those periods that are associated with malfunctioning of the ovaries, adrenal glands and pituitary gland, as well as with a variety of diseases.

Abundant periods or bleeding - how to determine the pathology:

• Menorrhagia - long, heavy periods with a short cycle. Blood loss exceeds 100 - 150 ml. Anemia develops.
• Polymenorrhea - cycle duration less than 21 days.
• Metrorrhagia - irregular intermenstrual discharge, not related to the cycle. Duration and volume are variable.
• Menometrorrhagia - menstruation is long, but irregular.

Why does uterine bleeding occur instead of menstruation?

Physicians classify the functional causes of anomalies as diseases of the thyroid gland, ovaries, adrenal glands and pituitary gland. Improperly functioning organs disrupt the process of hormone production, provoke diseases and change the nature of menstruation.

Iatrogenic causes of heavy periods, which turn into uterine bleeding, are medical manipulations and drugs. Medicines affect blood clotting, hormonal and nervous systems.

Organic causes are associated with diseases that disrupt the structure of the genital organs, change the functioning of the kidneys, liver, and negatively affect the processes of hematopoiesis.

Consider the types of bleeding that open during menstruation:

1. Juvenile - characteristic of adolescence. The problem occurs against the background of poor nutrition, beriberi, due to emotional and physical stress. Features of menstruation also determine the history of diseases - measles, rubella, whooping cough, mumps.
2. Reproductive - bleeding disturbs adult women suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, endometriosis and inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
3. Ovulatory - characterized by profuse prolonged bleeding against the background of adhesive processes, pathologies of the uterus and appendages. Women complain of a brown daub before and after menstruation. This indicates an incorrect ratio of progesterone and estrogen.
4. Anovulatory - progesterone deficiency with excess estrogen leads to endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia and the development of tumors. Anovulatory bleeding disturbs adolescents and women in menopause. Patients complain of delayed menstruation, large blood loss and bleeding time longer than a week.
5. Profuse - occur during menstruation and in the intermenstrual period. Bleeding of this type is dangerous with anemia and hemorrhagic shock. They are removed by surgery.
6. Breakthrough bleeding occurs in women taking hormonal birth control pills. Their appearance indicates the restructuring of the body due to changes in hormonal levels. The volume of secretions is scarce, but with a sharp withdrawal of the drug, blood loss becomes significant.

The development of dysfunctional bleeding is promoted by stress, rigid diets, excessive physical activity, low social status, age and general condition of the body.

How to distinguish menstruation from bleeding - important signs

Every woman is obliged to know the signs of uterine bleeding during menstruation. Moreover, it is important to pay attention to the regularity of monthly discharges, their number and nature.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) can be recognized by the following criteria:

• The time of the onset of menstruation - ahead of time or with a delay.
• Intensity of secretions - 10 or more pads are consumed during the day.
• Duration - menstruation lasts more than a week while maintaining the volume of secretions.
• Consistency - red clots are present in the mucous-bloody mass.
• PMS persists - abdominal pain, weakness, drowsiness, fatigue continue. The discomfort is so excruciating that everyday activities become an overwhelming task.
• Blood test - the result shows anemia.

How to distinguish menstruation from bleeding in general well-being? With a significant outflow of blood, blanching of the skin and mucous tissues is observed, the woman is worried about chills, dizziness, tachycardia, and a decrease in blood pressure. Possible loss of consciousness and increased gag reflex.

External signs of regular uterine bleeding are manifested by a change in the condition of the skin, hair, nails. The covers acquire a marble hue and maintain high humidity. Nails break quickly, hair falls out.

Bleeding during pregnancy

In the normal course of pregnancy, menstruation should not be. In the early stages, scanty implantation bleeding is allowed. Occasionally, expectant mothers have a brown daub, which is not menstruation. This is the body's response to a decrease in progesterone levels.

Bloody discharge that resembles menstruation during pregnancy may indicate a pathology:

1. Risk of miscarriage. Against the background of heavy bleeding, there are spastic pains in the lower abdomen. Gestation ends spontaneously before 22 weeks.
2. Rupture of the uterus. Increased uterine tone, excessive fetal activity and abdominal trauma cause this condition. Trouble happens in the 2nd - 3rd trimester.
3. Damage to small vessels. The causes of bleeding are rough sexual intercourse, vaginal ultrasound, pseudo-erosion of the cervix, inaccurate gynecological examination.
4. Placenta previa. The low location of the placenta does not allow the growing child to stay in the uterine cavity. Placental abruption is accompanied by profuse bleeding.

With an ectopic pregnancy, bleeding is characterized by a dark color of the discharge and clots. From the localization of the embryo there are sharp pains. The woman is worried about nausea and vomiting.

postpartum period

In the first 8 weeks after childbirth, female bleeding is defined by the term "lochia". Immediately after delivery, blood loss is 500 ml, after cesarean section - up to 1 liter. After 4 to 10 days, the lochia brighten and stand out less.

Climax

After 45 - 50 years with menopause, menstruation becomes irregular and completely stops. If after a year menstrual-like discharge appears or uterine bleeding opens, for a woman in menopause this is a sign of the disease. Timely visit to the doctor will help to avoid complications.