Probiotics and prebiotics - a list of drugs, differences, effects, indications for use. Probiotics for the health of our children Probiotics for newborns

Antibacterial therapy is indispensable for serious infectious diseases. Doctors prescribe probiotics after antibiotic treatment for children all the time. The fact is that various antimicrobial agents kill beneficial bacteria along with pathogenic microorganisms. It is necessary to restore the lost balance of microflora.

Dosage forms of probiotics

Dysbacteriosis is a companion of any antimicrobial therapy. To prevent dysbiosis associated with taking antibiotics, probiotics for children are prescribed in the form of powder or drops. They contain cultures of viable bacteria, mainly lacto- and bifido-groups, capable of populating the intestines and participating in many beneficial processes.

Often, parents are interested in which probiotic would be better for a child if the doctor prescribed antibiotics. Not only the name and composition are important, but also the form of release. Children's probiotics contain basically the same bacteria found in adult capsules or tablets, but in smaller amounts.

"Attention! The preferred forms of release of any drugs for children are drops and powders that can be dissolved in a liquid, added to food.

Probiotics should be taken for at least two months to ensure that the bacteria have "taken root" in the gut. If you maintain the optimal ratio of microorganisms, then the immune system copes with its functions better.

Probiotic Powder

Dry cultures of microorganisms are obtained by lyophilization. Bacteria go into a state of suspended animation. The vital activity of microbes resumes after the powder is mixed with the liquid. Only after dissolution, the agent is taken orally.

Among dry probiotics, there are monocomponent ones that contain only lactobacilli, E. coli or bifidobacilli. Even without reading the composition, you can learn about it by the names of such drugs: Lactobacterin, Colibacterin, Bifidumbacterin. They are produced in sealed ampoules that need to be opened and the powder dissolved.

Monopreparations are the most affordable. The shelf life of dry probiotics in sealed form is 2 years. These are pluses, but there are also minuses. Drying weakens the ability of bacteria to attach to the intestinal mucosa. In addition, the already prepared solution cannot be stored.

Only bifidobacteria are contained in the dietary supplements Bifidum-Multi and Bifiform Baby. Bifidumbacterin is produced for babies from 6 months to 3 years and from 3 to 14 years. There is a variety of this dietary supplement with prunes, chamomile and fennel.

Probiotic Symbiolact Comp contains strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria. The former act in the small intestine, the latter in the large intestine. An effective drug protects against diarrhea that occurs while taking antibiotics. The powder is dissolved in milk before use and taken once a day. Powdered mixes with probiotics and vitamins are available. The cost of such combined drugs is higher than monopreparations.

Liquid probiotics

Small children cannot swallow tablets and capsules. It is preferable for them to have drops or syrup that can be added to cold or warm water, other food liquids. The disadvantage of the liquid form of probiotics is the reduction in the number of live intestinal bacteria during storage.

"Important! The probiotic is given at least 2 hours after the antibiotic. After the end of the course of antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to drink a probiotic for several more weeks.

Based on microbial cultures, dietary supplement Normoflorin-L biocomplex is produced. The solution contains lactobacilli, prebiotic, vitamins and substances of other groups. The prebiotic promotes the reproduction of beneficial microbes. The solution is taken orally with any food liquid or instilled into the nose.

The effectiveness of probiotic preparations

Immune protection is 80% dependent on processes in the intestines. If, after taking antibiotics, the natural balance of microflora is disturbed, then pathogens multiply intensively. To maintain health, it is necessary to populate the intestines with “good” bacteria as quickly as possible. When deciding which probiotics are best given to children after taking antibiotics, a number of factors should be considered:

1. The number of bacteria in the intestine after birth is low, then gradually colonization by lactobacilli occurs.
2. Antibiotics destroy part of the healthy intestinal flora, causing significant damage to the children's body.
3. Dysbacteriosis negatively affects the immune system, increases susceptibility to infections and allergens.
4. Restoring the intestinal microflora of a child is much more difficult than that of an adult.

More recently, American scientists have studied the effect of taking antimicrobial agents on the intestinal flora and the role of probiotics. 3 days after taking antibiotics, the composition of microorganisms in the intestines of children changed dramatically. Further treatment led to the fact that almost 1/3 of all types of probiotic bacteria completely disappeared, and dysbacteriosis developed. Not surprisingly, experts have recommended taking probiotics so that children and adults can avoid the side effects of antibiotics.

"Important! After taking antibiotics, children need probiotic preparations. They reduce the time it takes to restore gut microflora from 6 months to 4-6 weeks.”

The diversity of the composition of intestinal strains of bacteria depends on many factors. The microflora is poorer in children born by caesarean section who do not receive breast milk. Intestinal bacteria are "inherited", so the child will have problems with the intestines if the parents have dysbacteriosis. Unhealthy diet, excess of sweet, starchy foods, refined fats, deficiency of vitamins and fiber negatively affect the microflora.

The mechanism of action of probiotics

Diarrhea is a common side effect of taking antibiotics. Loose stools appear against the background of depletion of the microflora: the displacement of "good" and the reproduction of "bad" microbes. The bacterium Clostridia is actively attached to the walls of the intestine - the cause of diarrhea. The probiotic helps to restore the beneficial microflora that suppresses the pathogenic organism. Discomfort in the intestines does not manifest itself, there is no diarrhea.

Some antibiotics are not completely absorbed by the intestinal mucosa, deposited on its walls, sometimes reaching high concentrations. Many harmless and beneficial bacteria die. During the period of antibiotic treatment, a probiotic is taken in order to increase the number of necessary microorganisms in the intestines. Infants also need to be given such a drug, since mother's milk does not make up for defects in microflora.

The mechanism of action of probiotics develops in two ways: directly and indirectly. In the first case, the beneficial effect develops directly when bacteria enter the intestine. When a probiotic is used after an antibiotic, a healthy intestinal flora is formed within a few weeks. Against this background, the immune system of children is strengthened, digestion improves. Some bacterial strains have anti-inflammatory properties.

What probiotics are better to take after antibiotics

For an adult or child, doctors prescribe medications that are appropriate for the age, stage and severity of the disease. Specialists are guided by antibiotic treatment regimens for bacterial infections, which list first-line and second-line drugs, alternative means.

Most probiotics are dietary supplements. Doctors recommend dietary supplements that have already proven themselves. Full-fledged clinical studies of such drugs are not conducted, therefore, it is not correct to say that some are more effective and others are less effective. The selection criterion may be indications in the instructions, age restrictions, prices and other characteristics of drugs.

The answer to the question of what is the best probiotic to take for children after antibiotics sounds different. Some experts are convinced that synbiotics, which contain probiotics and prebiotics in an ideal ratio, are most useful for restoring the intestinal microflora. For example, Linex dietary supplement for children in the form of powder and drops, Maxilak Baby (powder).

Dried lacto- and bifidobacteria, extracts of fennel and chamomile, inulin are part of the synbiotic Rotabiotic Baby. Inulin is a prebiotic, a polysaccharide that stimulates the growth of a colony of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. Complex probiotics, synbiotics are relatively expensive drugs (from 500 to 1500 rubles per pack).

Therapy of dysbacteriosis is faced with such a problem as the destruction of part of the bacteria by hydrochloric acid in the stomach. For children older than 3-6 years, it is recommended to give probiotics in enteric-coated capsules after antibiotics. Names of dietary supplements: Linex, Baktisubtil, Acipol, Baktistatin, Florin forte, Bifiform. Inside the capsule are dried bacteria and other active ingredients, few excipients.

Probiotics for newborns

The digestive system of the fetus is sterile. The intestinal flora begins to form during and after birth, during breastfeeding. Babies under 3 are more susceptible to viral infections. If a bacterial infection is diagnosed, then antibiotic therapy for children under one year of age is necessarily supplemented with probiotics, without clarifying the effect of taking antibiotics on the intestinal microflora of the child.

Ideally, it is necessary to analyze the species composition of microorganisms inhabiting the child's body. Then, when choosing probiotics, preference is given to preparations that contain the necessary strains. This is a complex and expensive analysis, so in most cases, polyvalent probiotics containing various types of microorganisms are prescribed.

Some experts argue that infants are best suited for dietary supplements with lactobacilli acidophilus. Lactobacterin is available in the form of a powder for solution preparation. Each ampoule contains 5 doses, a total of 10 ampoules in a package. The powder is dissolved in boiled water: 5 ml per 1 dose. Give the drug to drink with milk for children under 6 months 3 doses twice a day 1 hour before meals.

Starting from the first days of life, the child can be given the probiotic Symbiolact. The drug in the form of a powder contains lyophilized cultures of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Among the indications for taking - intestinal dysbiosis due to antibiotics. The drug is given to the child 1 time per day with milk or water during meals.

Contraindications

There is a very short list of situations where taking probiotics is prohibited or undesirable. First of all, it is an individual intolerance to the components of the drug. For individual probiotics, lactose intolerance will be listed among the contraindications.

Probiotic preparations contribute to the formation and development of a healthy intestinal flora of children from birth. Therefore, the use of probiotics for children when taking antibiotics is mandatory. These two groups of drugs have the opposite effect. It should be remembered that probiotics should be taken from the first days of antibiotic therapy and at least two weeks after the completion of treatment.

Often, the digestive system can experience difficulties due to an insufficient number of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. In this case, food supplements containing live bacteria come to the rescue. These food additives are called probiotics. In the first years of a baby's life, dysbacteriosis is especially dangerous, therefore, at the first manifestations of intestinal disharmony, it is necessary to use probiotics for newborns.

For the prevention of the disease or its relief, doctors recommend that parents use probiotics for children. They will contribute to the colonization of normal intestinal microflora and remove the imbalance. Sometimes, they become the only possible option in order to form immunity against pathogenic microflora.

The first probiotic used is considered to be lactobacillus from Bulgaria, and it was named so - Lactobacillus bulgaricus. It was used in the production of medicinal dairy products. To date, some industries in Asia and Russia still use it in the preparation of yogurts and cheeses.

Probiotics for children will not only restore the balance of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, but will also help protect the body from infections and cancer, as well as relieve allergic skin rashes.

Classification of probiotics by medicinal type

Dry probiotics for children

The first probiotics were produced in dry form. For their drying, the lyophilization method was used. At the beginning, the material for the production of beneficial bacteria is frozen, and later, in a frozen form, it is sent to a vacuum chamber, in which the material is rid of moisture and completely dried. Useful microflora does not disappear, but goes into standby mode. Later, when the environment is favorable for their vital activity, the bacteria will manifest themselves.

Dry probiotics for children have a long shelf life, up to two years. They can be produced in tablets, ampoules, vials and capsules. But such probiotics for newborns are not without drawbacks. For example, the freezing process provokes a weakening of the beneficial characteristics of bacteria, thereby fixing them on the intestinal epithelium is reduced. Indeed, in order to get out of the state of suspended animation, the bacteria need about 8 hours, and during this period, part of the beneficial microflora will have time to leave the body.

Liquid probiotics for newborns

The liquid form of the probiotic does not provide for freezing and suspended animation, so the activity of beneficial bacteria is noticeable after a few hours after ingestion.

Probiotics for children under one year old are used only in liquid form in the form of drops that are easily dosed. Another plus of liquid probiotics for children is that various ingredients can be added to them. For example, such components can be a prebiotic. This is the substance that nourishes the probiotic, increases its rate of reproduction, and also stimulates the development of its positive qualities to normalize the intestinal environment.

Classification of probiotics by composition

Probiotics for children are applicable at any age. They can be divided into the following groups:

1. Monocomponent. The composition of such funds includes only one group of beneficial bacteria. For example, "Bifidumbacterin", "Lactobacterin" and others.
2. Polycomponent. Probiotics for children are made up of several groups of bacteria. For example:

• a drug "Linex" contains lacto- and bifidobacteria, as well as enterococci;
• into the drug "Bifiform" enterococci and bifidobacteria.

1. Combined. The components of the product, in addition to beneficial microorganisms, are various additional substances that increase the action of beneficial bacteria (prebiotics are added to probiotics).
2. Sorbated. Beneficial bacteria in this case are fixed on the sorbent. For example, in a drug "Bifidumbacterin forte", bifidumbacteria are adsorbed on activated carbon.

If the tests showed that there is no particular type of beneficial bacteria in the body or they are in a significant minority, then doctors in this case recommend the use of monocomponent drugs. In order to help the body overcome harmful microbes, according to the recommendations of doctors, you should pay attention to combined or multicomponent preparations.

Probiotics for newborns. Mechanism of influence

After the probiotic enters the digestive tract, it starts its movement and stops in the large intestine. It is in this place that the habitat for probiotics is most favorable and suitable. Bacteria begin to actively join the intestinal mucosa. In the process of their vital activity, there is an active production of enzymes and amino acids, which normalize the work of the intestinal tract and fight harmful bacteria. In addition, the actions of probiotics are aimed at strengthening the body's defenses, synthesizing vitamins and restoring the balance of the bacterial background.

A child is considered a newborn until day 28, all these days his body will adapt to new living conditions, including life together with bacteria. Indeed, at the moment when the bubble surrounding it bursts in the fetus, it will no longer be in a sterile environment. And the first meeting of the baby with microbes will occur already at the time of birth, when it passes through the birth canal. In a newly born child, it is already possible to detect some of the bacteria on the mucous membranes and skin. Further, upon contact with the mother and doctors, as well as during feeding, the baby will begin to actively form the natural colonization of the body with bacteria, including in the intestines. Pathogenic bacteria will also populate the intestinal environment along with beneficial bacteria. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are considered the very first beneficial bacteria that inhabit the body of a child. This also includes the type of Escherichia coli, which has normal enzymatic properties. It is these bacteria that will resist harmful microbes, participate in the digestion of food and synthesize vitamins to strengthen immune forces.

Pathogenic microbes, being in the body of a child, will take a wait-and-see attitude until the most favorable conditions are created for them. These conditions include a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria. Then, the place of useful microflora will begin to be occupied by pathogenic (citrobacter, fungi, Klebsiella, Proteus, Escherichia coli with altered properties, staphylococcus aureus). All these changes in the bacterial balance will cause dysbacteriosis. In the neonatal period, this is especially dangerous. Therefore, parents should immediately consult a doctor, take tests and use probiotics for newborns.

Probiotics for newborns - These are primarily bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. In abundance, this probiotic is found in breast milk, which is why it is very important not to stop breastfeeding. After all, eating mother's milk, the child strengthens his immunity and, together with this, increases the colonies of beneficial microbes in the intestines. Children who are bottle-fed are at risk for the development of dysbacteriosis. Therefore, despite the fact that many artificial mixtures include the necessary probiotics for children (lactobacilli and bifidobacteria), doctors recommend diversifying the children's menu with fermented milk products.

The following neonatal probiotics can be used as needed:

• "Bifiform Baby";
• "Normoflorin-L" containing lactobacteria;
• "Normoflorin-B", consisting of bifidobacteria with the addition of the prebiotic lactitol;
• "Narine";
• "Liveo Malysh" contains not only beneficial bifidobacteria, but also a prebiotic with additional components of plant origin. The drug is also applicable for constipation.

These drugs are most in demand for infants, since they do not include cow's milk protein and lactose.

Probiotics for children during treatments or after antibiotics

When a baby is prescribed antibiotics, taking probiotics is a must. Indeed, along with pathogenic microflora, antibiotics indiscriminately destroy beneficial bacteria. Subsequently, such treatment very often appears dysbacteriosis. It can manifest itself in the form of constipation or, conversely, loose stools, bloating and flatulence. During the treatment period, it is very important to maintain the bacterial balance. Therefore, without waiting for the symptoms of dysbacteriosis, specialists often prescribe together with antibiotics. The best option would be if a prebiotic is added to the probiotic.

1. (prebiotic). The drug can be taken from birth, as it is devoid of any contraindications. Causes the arrest of pathogenic bacteria, making room for the reproduction of normal intestinal microflora.
2. "Linex" (probiotic). It consists of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, as well as strains of enterococci. Quickly and efficiently helps to bring the intestinal microclimate back to normal.

After taking any antibiotics, drugs should be used for at least 3-4 weeks. These can be probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics.

If parents are against medicines or want their baby to cope with the infection faster, then along with probiotics, the diet and menu play an important role. For the first time after the illness, it is necessary to exclude fatty foods rich in carbohydrates. The diet must include fruits, vegetables and juices. For the rapid growth of beneficial bacteria and their reproduction, the body needs vegetable fiber, so it must be ingested in sufficient quantities.

The effectiveness of drugs

Based on the feedback from parents, the opinion about probiotics is very mixed. For some parents, a drug of this action can help their child after the third dose, while for another baby, this drug is absolutely ineffective with long-term treatment. Dr. Komarovsky, commenting on this topic, noted that "intestinal dysbiosis" is not a separate disease, but always happens for some reason. These causes affect the intestines, causing imbalance. These include:

1. Infection.
2. Stress.
3. Sudden changes in living conditions.
4. Violations in the diet, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

The main task is to identify this cause and eliminate it. Until this is done, no medications (probiotics, prebiotics, etc.) will help restore the normal functioning of the intestines and its microflora. In order to avoid dysbacteriosis, it is necessary to follow a diet and not get carried away with snacks between main meals. Introduce complementary foods and new foods to the child, following the instructions of the pediatrician or established standards.

Probiotics for colic

At the first signs of infantile colic, some doctors may advise parents to take probiotics. But this is not quite the right decision, since colic in newborns occurs due to a lack of enzymes and the immaturity of the digestive tract. You do not need to take them, they will not help to adapt the intestines faster, and it is not advisable to populate the children's intestines with additional, albeit beneficial, bacteria. This process must be carried out naturally.

How to prevent dysbacteriosis

For children of different ages, their own preventive measures are provided. So, for children under one year old, it is very important that the mother retains breastfeeding and observes the feeding regimen, and introduces complementary foods strictly on the recommendations of doctors. Most children from the age of 3 start attending kindergarten and actively spend time with other kids on the playground. At this time, encounters with a large number of infections are inevitable. Growing physical and emotional stress can provoke stressful situations, fatigue and loss of appetite. All this will affect the children's intestines and easily cause dysbacteriosis. To prevent this from happening, doctors advise taking both probiotics and prebiotics. A well-proven vitamin complex for children from 3 years old - "Pikovit Prebiotic". It contains all the necessary vitamins for a growing child's body.

The advantages of the drug:

1. Creates a favorable environment for the reproduction and growth of beneficial bacteria.
2. Inhibits pathogenic bacteria.
3. Helps with constipation by relaxing the intestinal wall.
4. Absorbs substances of a toxic nature and prevents their absorption by the blood.
5. Synthesizes vitamins to strengthen the body's defenses.

Probiotics for children - the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky (video):

In order for the digestive tract of babies to function optimally, and respiratory infections do not occur too often, an optimal balance of intestinal microflora is necessary. Probiotics for children contain many beneficial lactobacteria and bifidobacteria that help strengthen the immune system. These drugs are prescribed by pediatricians to eliminate bloating and painful colic that disturb sleep and reduce the appetite of newborns and infants. And for older children, a course of probiotics allows you to quickly get rid of dysbacteriosis provoked by antibiotic therapy or food poisoning. Parents should not forget that medicines can be given to babies only after examination by a pediatrician.

Characteristic features of drugs

The intestines of the child are inhabited by numerous microorganisms. They constantly grow and multiply, take part in various biochemical reactions. More than 80% of the microflora are beneficial lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli, which are characterized by a normal fermentation action. The remaining 15% of microorganisms belong to conditionally pathogenic microflora. They do not show any negative effect as long as the number of beneficial bacteria is at an optimal level. Conditionally pathogenic microflora is rapidly activated when such pathological conditions occur in children:

• respiratory and intestinal infections;
• intoxication with spoiled food;
• poisoning with poisons of plant and animal origin, household chemicals, pharmacological preparations.

Probiotics are used to contain the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and populate the intestines of babies with beneficial bacteria. They contain live lyophilized cultures of Escherichia coli, bifido- and lactobacilli. After penetration into the intestines of children, beneficial microorganisms begin to grow rapidly, releasing substances that create an acidic environment in the process of vital activity. This environment is extremely unfavorable for harmful bacteria and fungi. They are not able to reproduce in the created conditions, so their number in the intestines is significantly reduced.

Useful properties of medicines

When breastfeeding, the child receives with mother's milk not only nutrients and biologically active substances, but also all the beneficial bacteria he needs. They are directly involved in the formation of the baby's immunity, ensure proper digestion and peristalsis. In children with a normal state of biocenosis, there is no excessive gas formation - the main cause of painful colic. But a child who is bottle-fed often suffers from bloating due to a deficiency of lacto- and bifidobacteria. Probiotics for newborns from colic are prescribed with the development of such clinical manifestations and pathological conditions:

• loss of appetite;
• underweight;
• diarrhea or constipation;
• sleep problems caused by increased gas formation.

Therefore, pediatricians recommend giving probiotics to parents of such babies along with drinking water or fruit purees. After a week of course treatment, the work of the gastrointestinal tract of children is completely restored.

Iron-deficiency anemia

If the baby’s intestines lack beneficial bacteria, then this negatively affects the synthesis and absorption of many water- and fat-soluble vitamins. The body is especially acutely aware of the deficiency of cyanocobalamin, which is involved in the processes of hematopoiesis. The production and absorption of vitamin K, which is responsible for the condition of blood vessels, is also disrupted.

Pediatricians often diagnose iron deficiency anemia in children with dysbacteriosis. The disease is characterized by pronounced external symptoms:

• pale skin;
• fragility of the nail plates;
• severe hair loss.

After a two-week intake of probiotics in capsules or solutions, the child's intestines are colonized by lactobacilli, and the synthesis of the most important vitamins is resumed.

Colic, constipation, diarrhea

Children suffering from chronic constipation or diarrhea are always prescribed probiotics in addition to fixatives or laxatives. Their inclusion in the therapeutic scheme does not depend on the cause of the pathological condition. Probiotics help to normalize peristalsis, provoked by intestinal infections or food intoxication. Diarrhea often occurs in babies with respiratory pathologies (flu, acute tonsillitis, bronchitis) that develop against a background of elevated body temperature.

Recommendation: All infectious diseases can cause a dangerous state of dehydration in a child. To restore the water and electrolyte balance, pediatricians prescribe not only rehydration solutions, but also probiotics in liquid dosage forms.

Few parents know that constipation or diarrhea often occurs in a child who is acutely experiencing a stressful situation. In these cases, in addition to consulting a child psychologist, babies are prescribed a course of probiotics. The gradual colonization of the intestines with beneficial bacteria contributes to the proper motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

Strengthening the body's defenses

Probiotics are directly involved in increasing the protective forces of the child's body to viral and bacterial infectious agents. First of all, the strengthening of immunity occurs due to the inhibition of growth and active reproduction of opportunistic microflora. With a decrease in the number of lacto- and bifidobacteria, the following are activated:

• staphylococci;
• enteroviruses;
• coli.

They secrete toxic products of their vital activity into the intestinal lumen, provoking the appearance of inflammatory processes. This leads to the development of intestinal infections, disruption of the digestive tract. The relationship between the state of the intestinal biocenosis and the response of the immune system to the penetration of pathogenic bacteria and viruses into the child's body has also been proven. Taking probiotics in capsules or solutions promotes increased production of antibodies, leukocytes and T-lymphocytes when foreign proteins are in the systemic circulation. In the absence of dysbacteriosis, allergic reactions occur much less often in babies, recovery is significantly accelerated during the treatment of respiratory diseases.

What are probiotics

Manufacturers produce children's probiotics in the form of capsules, dragees, powder intended for dissolution in water, and drops for internal use. Each dosage form has its own advantages and disadvantages. Liquid preparations are highly bioavailable:

• quickly create the maximum therapeutic concentration in the child's body;
• easily adsorbed by tissues.

But they are also characterized by a very serious drawback - most of the bifidus and lactobacilli are destroyed in the stomach by caustic hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes.

Warning: Liquid probiotics are taken more frequently and in higher doses than tablet formulations. In this way, the number of beneficial bacteria destroyed is compensated

stomach juice.

Unlike liquid probiotics, pills and capsules are not as quickly absorbed in the baby's body. It takes a certain time to dissolve the protective shells. But on the other hand, almost all beneficial bacteria reach the lumen of the colon, where they grow and actively multiply. In order for probiotics in solid dosage forms to begin to show a therapeutic effect faster, pediatricians recommend giving babies more water, sweet and sour berry or fruit drinks, juices, compotes.

Dry probiotics

To prepare such probiotics, useful biomass is first frozen and then dried. A sparing temperature regime is used, in which the bacteria are not destroyed, but fall into a state of suspended animation. The result is a light dry powder. When it is dissolved in any liquid, the vital activity of beneficial bacteria is completely restored. The most popular liquid antibiotics include the following drugs:

• Lactobacterin;
• Acipol;
• Linex;
• Bifiform;
• Bifidumbacterin.

Medicines are designed to eliminate negative symptoms in children from the first day of life. During lyophilization, some bacteria lose their ability to attach to the mucosa of the large intestine. This increases the period of their activation, and some beneficial bacteria are excreted with feces, without having time to show their therapeutic effect.

Liquid probiotics

Many drugs from this group of probiotics can also be used to treat dysbacteriosis in newborns and infants. They are very convenient to measure, which minimizes the likelihood of overdose. After penetration into the gastrointestinal tract of the child, active reproduction of lacto- and bifidobacteria is noted already after 1-2 hours. The most effective liquid probiotics are:

• Euflorin-B;
• Hilak Forte;
• Floristin;
• Trilact;
• Narilak forte.

Liquid probiotics are prescribed for children to normalize metabolic processes, increase the absorption of nutrients and biologically active substances. The drugs improve the functioning of the liver, stimulate the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Manufacturers often add prebiotics to liquid dosage forms of probiotics. These organic compounds create a favorable environment in the large intestine for the rapid growth of bifidus and lactobacilli.

Types of Probiotics

On the shelves of pharmacies, probiotics for the treatment of babies are presented in a wide range. Of course, one of the main criteria for choosing drugs is the convenience of dosing and application. But when prescribing probiotics, pediatricians focus on the qualitative and quantitative composition of probiotics. If you suspect an intestinal infection, an autoimmune disease or dysbacteriosis, a series of laboratory tests is performed. According to the results of the analyzes, the state of the intestinal biocenosis is established. The pediatrician chooses a probiotic that helps to eliminate the deficiency of bacteria, confirmed by laboratory diagnostics.

This is interesting: As a result of laboratory tests, it was found that the preparations of many foreign manufacturers do not contain the declared amount of beneficial microorganisms. And domestic probiotics are more adapted to the body of Russian babies.

• Monocomponent - Bifidumbacterin, Colibacterin, Lactobacterin. Probiotics in this group contain only one type of beneficial microorganisms;
• Polycomponent - Lineks, Bifiform, Bifikol. The composition of the preparations may include 2-3 types of beneficial bacteria. Usually they are E. coli, enterococci, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria;
• Combined - Acipol, Bifiliz, Narine. Medicinal products contain beneficial microorganisms and organic substances, which are a nutrient medium for them. Such "tasty" additives for bacteria are polysaccharides and acidophilus fungi.

Recently, pharmacological preparations have been synthesized that combine the properties of probiotics and adsorbents - Florin Forte and Bifidumbacterin Forte. Pediatricians prescribe such drugs to babies who have been diagnosed with poisoning or an intestinal infection. The composition of the preparations includes the smallest particles of activated carbon, which attract harmful bacteria and toxic products of their vital activity to their surface. And beneficial microorganisms at this time begin to populate the digestive tract of the child.

How to give probiotics to babies

Daily and single dosages of drugs, as well as the duration of therapy, are determined by the attending physician. It takes into account the results of laboratory tests, general health, weight and age of the child. The duration of treatment can vary from a week to a month. Probiotics for formula-fed newborns are prescribed by pediatricians in small courses, between which there is a 10-day break. This allows the child's body to learn to independently increase the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestines.

If there are no special conditions for use in the annotation for probiotics, then doctors recommend giving solutions or capsules to children half an hour before meals 1-3 times a day. This method of use helps beneficial bacteria not to get under the influence of gastric juice and is completely adsorbed in the intestines. Dosages and frequency of administration also depend on the disease diagnosed in children.

Probiotics are medicines that contain strains of live bacteria. The tool is sold in various forms of release and with different compositions. There are not only single-component probiotics, where only one type of microorganisms is present, but also multi-component ones. The unique properties of the drug help to achieve the following results:

• strengthening the immune system;
• restoration of microflora and intestinal mucosa after taking antibiotics;
• lowering cholesterol in the blood;
• rapid removal of toxins and allergens from the body;
• normalization of Ph-balance in the colon;
• improved absorption of vitamins and minerals.

Below are the best probiotics according to doctors and patient reviews. Please note that the information provided is for informational purposes only and is not a purchase guide. For any advice, you should contact the experts!

There are contraindications. Check with your doctor.

Best Monocomponent Probiotics

Monocomponent probiotics contain only one strain of bacteria. It can be: bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, E. coli or bacilli. Such drugs are classified as first-generation probiotics. That is, this was exactly the composition of the very first means to improve the intestinal microflora. Despite the fact that every year probiotics are modified and have more complex formulas, monocomponent preparations do not reduce their popularity.

2 Lactobacterin

Best for newborns
Country Russia
Average price: 140 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

The first generation probiotic "Lactobacterin" was created on the basis of one component - live lactobacilli. After entering the intestines, they produce lactic acid, creating favorable conditions for the formation of beneficial bacteria. The active ingredient fights staphylococcus aureus, proteus and E. coli. "Lactobacterin" is allowed for babies from the first day of life. The probiotic has practically no contraindications and side effects, therefore it is not able to harm the fragile intestines of newborns.

The drug is available in powder form, hermetically sealed in vials. Each pack contains 10 such vials. You can use the product for no more than 10 days. The product is resistant to antibiotics, so it can be used simultaneously with antibacterial drugs.

Indications for use:

• diarrhea;
• disrupted bowel function in newborns.

Contraindications:

• vulvovaginitis.

1 Bifidumbacterin

For the whole family
Country Russia
Average price: 232 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

A prominent representative of the first generation of probiotics is Bifidumbacterin. A single-component drug is available in the form of tablets, drops, powder and suppositories. The tool improves metabolic processes, improves immunity and normalizes bowel function in both adults and children from 6 months. It is worth noting that six-month-old babies can only take Bifidumbacterin in powder, other forms of release are allowed for use from 3 years old. If infants refuse to take the drug, then it is allowed to prepare a solution based on breast milk.

The active substance of the drug are bifidobacteria, which are active against strains of Escherichia coli, yeast-like fungi and staphylococcus aureus. The course of treatment should not be more than 14 days. Only the attending physician can extend the period of admission.

Indications for use:

• dysbacteriosis;
• intestinal infections;
• colic.

Contraindications:

• individual intolerance;
• probiotic allergy.

The best multi-component probiotics

Multicomponent probiotics are called symbiotics, as they include from 2 to 30 strains or several types of live bacteria. That is, more than two probiotics are included in the formula of symbiotics. For example, in one preparation there may be four types of lactobacilli or a mixture of bifidobacteria and lactic streptococci. Due to a more complex composition than in the first generation probiotics, symbiotics have a complex effect on the intestinal microflora. Below are the top three multi-ingredient probiotics based on customer reviews and medical recommendations.

3 Bifiform

Best for kids
Country: Denmark
Average price: 472 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.5

The composition of the symbiotic "Bifiform" includes enterococci and strains of bifidobacteria. Active substances normalize the functioning of the digestive system, so the probiotic is used to treat and prevent dysbacteriosis in children and adults. Also, the remedy effectively fights constipation and diarrhea. The drug strengthens the immune system and serves as a prevention of infectious diseases.

For adults, the drug is sold in the form of tablets or capsules. For children The release form is more diverse. "Bifiform Malysh" is presented in the form of a powder for preparing a solution with an orange-raspberry flavor. With the same taste there are chewable tablets "Bifiform Kids". And for very young patients, the Bifiform Baby oil solution is produced.

Indications for use:

• prevention and treatment of dysbacteriosis;
• constipation and diarrhea.

Contraindications:

2 Acipol

Maximum benefit - minimum contraindications
Country Russia
Average price: 337 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

Acipol is produced in capsules containing kefir fungus and acidophilic lactobacilli. Since the shell is gelatinous, before taking the symbiotic by young children, it is recommended to open the capsule and mix the contents in one teaspoon of water or milk. The probiotic is approved for use by babies older than three months.

The action of the active substances of the drug is similar to antibiotics. The tool creates unfavorable conditions for pathogenic microbes, therefore, it easily normalizes the balance of intestinal microflora. Probiotics are used to prevent and treat dysbacteriosis resulting from malnutrition or antibiotics. It is often included in the course of complex treatment of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, with colitis and enterocolitis.

Indications for use:

• intestinal infections and dysbacteriosis;
• reduce intoxication during food poisoning;
• chronic enterocolitis and colitis.

Contraindications:

• sensitivity to components.

1 Enterol

Best after taking antibiotics
Country: France
Average price: 450 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

Multicomponent probiotic "Enterol" was developed by French scientists. The composition of the symbiotic includes Saccharomycetes boulardii - these are lyophilized live bacteria, and lactose monohydrate acts as an auxiliary substance. Having fulfilled its main function, yeast fungi are naturally excreted from the body. The drug is produced in capsules or sachets with powder.

Most often, "Enterol" is prescribed after a course of antibiotics. The probiotic fights the causes of diarrhea, which could occur due to food poisoning or against the background of dysbacteriosis. The drug should not be taken by children under 1 year old without a prescription from the attending physician.

Indications for use:

• diarrhea;
• rotovirus infection;
• irritable bowel syndrome.

Contraindications:

• allergic reactions or high sensitivity to the components included in the composition;
• pregnancy and lactation.

The best sorption probiotics

This category presents the best probiotic complexes, which, in addition to living microorganisms, include a sorbent. In the preparation, bacteria are combined into small colonies (20-180 living cells), which are fixed on sorbents, most often it is activated carbon. Due to this, the survival of microorganisms in the stomach increases. A remedy with this composition gently and effectively cleanses the intestines, restores colonies of beneficial bacteria, prevents poisoning and other stomach problems.

3 Linex

Produces B vitamins
Country: Slovenia
Average price: 263 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.4

The active substance of the drug "Linex" is libenin, containing strains of live lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and enterococci. Once in the intestines, beneficial microorganisms begin not only to actively multiply, but also to synthesize vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12 and K. Lactic acid bacteria increase the acidity of the intestinal microflora, which leads to inhibition of the growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms. Active substances prevent pathogenic bacteria from attaching to the intestinal wall.

The release form of the drug is capsules. "Linex" is safe for health if the dosage is observed correctly. The remedy is prescribed even for infants, but it is first recommended to carefully remove the contents of the capsule and mix with breast milk or formula.

Indications for use:

• treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis;
• gas or heartburn;
• diarrhea or constipation.

Contraindication:

• hypersensitivity to components.

2 Probifor

Best for poisoning
Country Russia
Average price: 730 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Release form "Probifor" - capsules or powder in sealed bags. The drug has no age restrictions, so even newborns can take it from the first day of life. The probiotic consists of live bifidobacteria sorbed on activated carbon, lactose acts as an auxiliary substance.

The remedy perfectly fights diarrhea, since bifidobacteria not only destroy pathogenic microorganisms, but also produce antibacterial substances. Due to its unique composition, the probiotic restores the structure of the intestinal mucosa in a short time, and without the help of antibiotics, it fights against poisoning and toxicity. The drug can be prescribed in the postoperative period or in preparation for surgery, childbirth or caesarean section. It is often used in complex courses of treatment for acute respiratory viral infections or influenza.

Indications for use:

• eczema and allergic reactions;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• chronic colitis and pancreatitis;
• bacterial vaginosis and colpitis (external use).

Contraindications:

• intolerance to probiotic components.

1 Bifidumbacterin Forte

Quickly removes toxins from the body
Country Russia
Average price: 215 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.9

The probiotic complex is available in the form of capsules or powder. Live bifidobacteria sorbed on activated carbon evenly colonize the intestinal microflora. Active ingredients normalize the microflora, and coal eliminates intoxication. The drug very quickly relieves the digestive organs of the waste products of harmful bacteria, removes toxic substances and restores the colons of beneficial microorganisms.

A probiotic is prescribed not only for indigestion, but also before a planned operation or after surgery. The drug easily eliminates poisoning, constipation and diarrhea. Newborns are prescribed a remedy from the first day of life only in powder, capsules are allowed from the age of three.

Indications for use:

• poisoning and allergies;
• constipation or diarrhea;
• intestinal infections.

Contraindications:

• lactase deficiency;
• Individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

The best synbiotics

Synbiotics are drugs that contain probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics are live bacteria that belong to the normal intestinal microflora. Prebiotics are organic chemicals that create ideal conditions for the normalization of intestinal microflora. Complex preparations do an excellent job with indigestion, since one capsule contains not only beneficial microorganisms, but also a nutrient medium for them.

3 Normoflorin

The most natural composition, suitable for newborns
Country Russia
Average price: 400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

Normoflorin is an effective biocomplex against intestinal dysbacteriosis. It improves peristalsis, restores microflora, lowers cholesterol. It is based on three components: metabolites, lactitol and bacteria (bifido and lacto). Together they have an active positive effect on the digestive tract. The drug is suitable even for people with lactose intolerance and cow's milk protein. An important feature is considered to be a completely natural composition.

The manufacturer produces three types of Normoflorin, which differ slightly in composition. But most often they are advised to be taken in combination. Probiotic has been on the market for over 20 years. It is a complex of useful substances that can help even with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (ulcers, gastritis, etc.). The set includes a measuring cup. The tool is used for the prevention and treatment of dysbacteriosis in children and adults. Does not contain dyes and preservatives.

Indications for use:

• stomach ulcer, chronic gastritis, etc.;
• lactase deficiency;
• dysbacteriosis;
• disturbed microbiocenosis.

Contraindications:

• individual intolerance to the components.

2 Narine Forte

Diet dairy product
Country Russia
Average price: 350 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The composition of the liquid probiotic includes a specially created strain of acidobacteria "Narine TNSi", which perfectly takes root on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. The tool fights all known pathogenic microorganisms. Together, bifidobacteria and acidobacteria remain viable for a long time, which means that the effect of normalizing the intestinal microflora is longer.

The drink is recommended for use by adults and children with dysbacteriosis and intestinal infections. "Narine Forte" is prescribed after long-term use of antibiotics or hormonal drugs, as well as after radiation or chemotherapy. The remedy normalizes bowel function after climate change. It can be taken by expectant mothers, women during lactation, as well as newborns or premature babies.

Indications for use:

• vitamin deficiency;
• alcohol intoxication;
• prevention of dysbacteriosis.

Contraindications:

• individual intolerance.

1 Maxilak

Best Popular
Country: Poland
Average price: 440 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Dietary supplement "Maxilak" is one of the most popular according to doctors and patient reviews. The composition of the drug includes live lactobacilli (4 species), bifidobacteria (3 species), lactococci and streptococci, and the prebiotic oligofructose is used to create comfortable conditions for them. This combination effectively inhibits the activity of harmful bacteria and stops their reproduction.

The drug can be taken not only by adults, but also by children aged 3 to 14 years, subject to all the prescriptions of the attending physician. Synbiotic is available in the form of capsules with an innovative patented Multi Resistant Encapsulation (MURE) coating. Capsules retain the viability of microorganisms even under aggressive environmental influences, so the product can be stored at high temperatures.

Indications for use:

• long-term antibiotic treatment;
• diarrhea or constipation;
• dysbacteriosis.

Contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the synbiotic.

Prebiotics are non-microbial compounds that stimulate the reproduction and growth of beneficial microflora in the body. These substances are not digested in the digestive system, but are fermented by beneficial microorganisms in the large intestine. Let's take a closer look at what prebiotics are, their types and how they work.

Positive properties

Prebiotics at the time of ingestion are food for beneficial bacteria. In the process of restoring microbial biocenosis, these elements activate complex biochemical reactions that optimally support the conditions for the development of microflora, supply bacteria with the necessary substrates (anti-stress peptides, amino acids, vitamins), and supply energy to “friendly” microorganisms. In addition, prebiotics in the intestinal lumen “acidify” the environment, as a result of which unfavorable conditions are created for the development of harmful organisms.

Biological properties:

In addition, prebiotic cultures reduce appetite, it is promotes weight loss.

How are prebiotics different from probiotics?

The name of these two groups of funds pretty similar, so they are often confused:

• Prebiotics are chemical organic substances that have the ability to create good conditions for the development of normal intestinal microflora.
• Probiotics are live microorganisms that belong to the normal intestinal microflora.

It must be said that the action of probiotics and prebiotics is similar, since each of the groups of these drugs normalizes the intestinal microflora.

Kinds

Prebiotics are low molecular weight carbohydrates. Polymer molecules that are connected to each other by one or a number of beta-glycosidic bonds. At the same time, the simpler the saccharide, the faster it receives pronounced bifidogenic properties and is fermented with the intestinal microflora.

Systematization of drugs by chain length:

Monomeric preparations have a bifidogenic effect already in the oral cavity and esophagus, polymeric preparations - along the entire length of the large intestine, oligomeric - in the upper sections of the large intestine, dimeric - in the small intestine and stomach. The combination of carbohydrates of different types of complexity for beneficial bacteria creates balanced nutrition.

If prebiotics of the same series are used for a long time, then microorganisms are activated on a limited part of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, other strains of probiotics do not develop proportionally. As a result, the positive impact on the body of beneficial flora is significantly reduced.

List of the main representatives of prebiotics:

• inulin (a natural polysaccharide that is present in Compositae plants);
• lactulose (an element of dairy products);
• soluble fiber (psyllium, chitosan, guar gum, psyllium seeds);
• breast milk oligosaccharides;
• antioxidants (selenium, carotenoids, ubiquinone, glutathione, vitamins E, A, C);
• fructooligosaccharides;
• dietary insoluble fiber (hemicellulose, cellulose, bran, lignin);
• sweeteners (raffinose, xylitol, sorbitol);
• galactooligosaccharides, including lactose;
• oligofructose (one of the components of inulin);
• microbial and plant extracts (carrot, potato, pumpkin, corn, yeast, garlic, rice);
• para-aminobenzoic acid;
• amino acids (glutamic acid, valine);
• polydextrose (polysaccharide, which is formed by glucose residues);
• fatty unsaturated acids;
• acacia resin;
• algae extracts;
• resistant starches;
• lectins (protein structures that are able to bind complex sugars);
• enzymes (bacterial beta-galactosidases, Saccharomyces proteases).

The compounds described above are natural prebiotics, and are also used as a selection list of biologically active complexes and drugs.

food sources

To maintain a healthy gut microflora, include food sources of prebiotics in your daily diet. The minimum daily dose is 20-30 gr. (of which lactulose invariably accounts for 5 grams, and pure inulin - 7 grams).

Choosing foods that contain prebiotics:

Among pharmacological preparations, the most popular prebiotic is lactulose (synthetic disaccharide). This compound has a bright bifidogenic effect. Therefore, medicines based on it are made both in pure form (under various trade brands) and in combination with other substances.

The choice of drugs that contain lactulose:

Indications for the use of the above drugs: putrefactive dyspepsia, intestinal dysbacteriosis, chronic constipation, hepatic encephalopathy, digestive system dysfunction, salmonellosis. In addition, lactulose is used to normalize stool during pregnancy and lactation.

Prebiotics in baby food

The intestinal microflora in the correct ontogenesis of an infant has a paramount role. The first microbacteria enter the child's body while passing through the birth canal of the mother. But dense settlement of the intestines with microflora begins at the first breastfeeding of the baby.

The main representatives of the microflora of children- bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, gram-positive cocci, enterobacteria, clostridia. In addition to probiotic strains, breast milk contains oligosaccharides (“food” for bacteria). At the same time, 1 liter of mother concentrate contains 1.5 g. prebiotic ingredients. Receiving the required "feeding", beneficial microbacteria multiply, and harmful ones die.

If the baby is on artificial feeding, then the baby's flora suffers (there is a small content of beneficial organisms in the intestines). These babies often develop gastrointestinal diseases (constipation, dysbacteriosis, gas formation, colic), food allergies, and infectious invasions. To prevent the development of these problems, milk formulas for children are enriched with prebiotic substances.

List of complementary foods for children that contain oligosaccharides:

Prebiotics: reviews and best drugs

In medical practice and science there is no such definition as “the best”, there is the concept of “optimal”, since different drugs are best suited for the treatment of certain specific diseases with their own characteristics and nuances. The same is true and applicable to the full extent prebiotics and probiotics, since different organic substances or strains and types of bacteria that are in their composition have the best effect in various functional diseases and disorders of the large intestine.

For example, for the relief of diarrhea, the best are probiotics that contain bacilli (Subtil, Bactisubtil, Biosporin, Bactisporin, etc.) or saccharomycetes (Enterol, etc.). For the treatment of dysbacteriosis, you need to choose a medicine based on the results of a fecal examination, since the best probiotic in this case is the one that contains those bacteria that are most lacking in the intestines. So, in each case, the best probiotic will be different, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the nuances of his disease.

If there are problems with the flora in the intestines, then constipation and diarrhea begin, which are most easily cured by symptomatic remedies, but only temporarily. Most gastroenterologists and nutritionists still recommend using restorative preparations for microflora. Lacto- and bifidobacteria strengthen the immune system and improve the absorption of the required substances. I liked Protect Bakzdrav starter, which contains more than 10 varieties of beneficial microbacteria.

Vika, 32 years old, Kirov

At work, there is no way to buy food, so you need to survive than you have to. Somehow I ate some nasty stuff along the way. As a result, I suffered with diarrhea and intestines for several days. I drank at the same time as fixing lineks. He did his job, but not to say that there was a super effect.

Maxim, 34 years old, Kyiv

Maxilak is an excellent tool, I acquired it somehow. There is also a normospectrum with a similar composition, as well as various substances and types of bacteria. It seems to me that today there is little use for bifidumbacterin, given the antibiotics we take.

Lera, 43 years old, Moscow