Removal of the 5th tooth on top of the consequences. Possible complications after tooth extraction. Pain at the site of a tooth extraction

23.09.2012 17:12

• Simple tooth extraction "all inclusive" - ​​2500 rub
• Extraction of a tooth with periodontal disease - 1500 rub
• Removal permanent tooth(complex) - resorcinol formalin / boron separation by machine / wisdom tooth - 4000 rub
• Removal of impacted (dystopic) wisdom tooth - 5500 rub
• Removal of an impacted (dystopic) “wisdom” tooth using an ultrasound machine - 7500 rub

Tooth extraction is a full-fledged operation, after which certain unpleasant consequences may arise, caused both by the behavior of the patient himself and by factors beyond his control. Complications can also arise during the operation, since the extraction of some teeth can be very difficult: due to the large size of the root or strong bone tissue, incisions have to be made, which, after a successful operation, are sutured. In any case, there is no need to worry, since unprotected fabrics in postoperative period are under maximum exposure to microbes, resulting in inflammation.

Alveolitis

Very often, after the extraction of teeth, there is such a complication as alveolitis. This problem occurs when in place extracted tooth a blood clot necessary for healing has not formed. In this case, the hole becomes defenseless against external influences, as a result of which an inflammatory process often develops in it. .

The key symptom of this complication is pain after tooth extraction (varying degrees strength). Pain may occur after 2-3 days. At the same time, the mucous membrane of the gums swells, the edges of the hole become inflamed, there is no blood clot in the hole of the tooth, and perhaps the hole is filled with food debris. The patient may have a fever, sometimes there is pain when swallowing. The hole itself is covered by the publisher bad smell tinged with dirty grey. Along with these symptoms, the patient often feels general malaise, swollen lymph nodes, slight swelling, fever, pain in the area of ​​the extracted tooth.

The main causes of alveolitis

Alveolitis is a disease that is not associated with the introduction of infection into the hole of the tooth due to the work of a non-sterile instrument. The disease develops with the participation of those microbes that are normally found in the oral cavity of each person.

So, teeth are usually removed due to the fact that in the area of ​​\u200b\u200btheir roots such chronic foci of inflammation are localized that cannot be eliminated by conservative methods.

Therefore, the hole of the extracted tooth is primarily infected, and the concentration of microorganisms in it is quite high. If a person is healthy, and all immune systems are functioning normally, then the microflora is suppressed and the hole heals without complications. In the event that there are any local or general failures in the mechanisms of the body's reactivity, the likelihood of developing inflammatory complications in the hole increases significantly.

Thus, the following local and general causes can contribute to the development of alveolitis:

• long-term existence of chronic inflammatory foci with frequent exacerbations, as well as exacerbation of a chronic inflammatory process;
• traumatic removal, when conditions arise for the destruction of the created barrier and the penetration of microflora deep into the tissues;
• the absence of a blood clot in the hole of the extracted tooth (the clot did not form, or the patient did not follow the doctor's instructions and the clot was removed - this usually happens when the patient is inattentive to the doctor's recommendations and diligently rinses out the tooth hole);
• general changes in the body due to stress, recent colds (infectious or viral) diseases, the presence of chronic diseases(mainly endocrine), especially in the stage of decompensation, general physical exhaustion, etc.

Treatment is to relieve inflammation with local and common funds. Sometimes it is sufficient to simply thoroughly rinse the well with antiseptic solutions, and then treat it with a special aseptic ointment or paste. Then, with the help of antibiotics and vitamins, general anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out. But sometimes the treatment is delayed up to 1.5 - 2 weeks. In some cases, with this complication, physiotherapy or laser therapy can be prescribed.

Alveolar bleeding

One of the most common complications after tooth extraction is alveolar bleeding, which can occur immediately after surgery, within the next hour, day, and sometimes more than a day after tooth extraction.

The main causes of bleeding

• Early alveolar bleeding can be caused by the use of adrenaline: when it stops its action, a short vasodilation occurs, which causes bleeding.
• Late hole bleeding can occur due to a violation of the doctor's recommendations in the postoperative period - mainly as a result of external disturbance of the hole of the extracted tooth.
• To local reasons alveolar bleeding can be attributed to various physical damage in the area of ​​the hole of the extracted tooth: damage to the gums, fracture of part of the alveoli or interradicular septum, development of inflammation in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, damage blood vessels in the palate and under the tongue.
• The reasons general The appearance of alveolar bleeding is most often associated with various comorbidities patient (leukemia, scarlet fever, jaundice, sepsis, hypertonic disease etc.).

Treatment of this complication after tooth extraction

The effectiveness of stopping hole bleeding depends on how correctly the causes and source of bleeding were identified.

• If the blood comes from the soft tissues of the gums, then sutures are applied to the edges of the wound.
• If blood comes from a vessel in the wall of the tooth hole, then first cold is applied locally in the form of an ice pack, then the bleeding vessel is tightly squeezed and a swab soaked in a special hemostatic agent is placed in the hole, which is removed no earlier than 5 days later.
• In case the measures local character do not help, dentists turn to common hemostatic agents that increase blood clotting.

paresthesia

Much less often, after tooth extraction, a complication such as paresthesia can occur, which is caused by nerve damage during the tooth extraction process. The main symptom of paresthesia is numbness in the tongue, chin, cheeks, and lips. Paresthesia, as a rule, is a temporary phenomenon, disappearing in a period of 1-2 days to several weeks.

Treatment of paresthesia is carried out through therapy with vitamins of groups B and C, as well as injections of dibazol and galantamine.

Change of position neighboring teeth after tooth extraction

After the extraction of teeth, defects can often form in the jaw, and adjacent teeth begin to lean towards the formed defect, and the antagonist tooth from the opposite jaw begins to move towards the defect, which leads to a violation of the chewing process. At the same time, the masticatory load sharply increases, the usual state of the jaws is disturbed and bite deformity develops, which can greatly affect the general condition of the teeth. AT this case it is recommended to replace the extracted tooth with an artificial one using bridges, implants, removable partial dentures.

All kinds of injuries that occurred in the process of tooth extraction

Often when removing the second premolar and molars upper jaw arises bottom perforation maxillary sinus , the consequence of which is the communication of the oral cavity and the nasal cavity through the sinus.

The reasons are as follows:

(subject to the correct careful actions of the doctor)

• anatomical features: the roots of the above teeth are close to the bottom of the sinus, and in some cases there is no bone septum at all;
• chronic inflammatory focus at the top of the tooth, which destroys the already thinned bone plate.

If, after the removal of the premolars or molars of the upper jaw, a message still occurs, the doctor must, on the same visit, use one of the known methods to eliminate it.

One contraindication:

The presence of a purulent inflammatory process in the sinus (acute purulent maxillary sinusitis). If the message is not diagnosed and eliminated in time, then the patient feels the ingress of liquid and liquid food into the nose. In this case, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. If the visit to the doctor is postponed, then a chronic inflammatory process will inevitably develop in the sinus, which will require more serious and technically complex treatment.

Potential complications during a tooth extraction procedure include:

• Damage to neighboring teeth. Adjacent teeth or dentures (eg, crowns, bridges, implants) adjacent to the extracted tooth may sometimes be damaged during the procedure. Neighboring teeth can become broken, chipped or loosened during the extraction of a tooth or teeth, sometimes requiring more dentist time.
• Tooth fracture. The tooth may break during the extraction process, making the procedure more difficult and requiring more time and effort to complete the extraction. You may have to extract the tooth in parts. By the way, the process of extracting a tooth in parts can cause complications after tooth extraction.
• Incomplete tooth extraction. Not most the tooth root can be left in the jawbone. While this may increase the risk of infection, sometimes the dentist will choose not to try to extract it. because the removal can be too dangerous, for example, if it is very close to the nerve.
• Jaw fracture. Patients with weak jawbone structure (such as older women with osteoporosis) may be at risk of jaw fracture. Even if the actual tooth extraction procedure is performed smoothly without any problems, there are cases of complications during the recovery period. Most often, a fracture of the jaw (on the lower jaw) occurs when the "wisdom teeth" are removed and on the upper jaw - the detachment of the tubercle of the upper jaw.
• Removal of part of the alveolar ridge- occurs when the tooth is removed incorrectly, when the tongs are placed directly on the bone surrounding the tooth and the tooth is removed along with it. In this case, there is an extensive bone defect and cosmetic (especially in the anterior-frontal area). Decide this problem is possible only with the help of plasty with the use of artificial bone tissue and special protective membranes.
• Removal baby tooth and the germ of a permanent tooth - Occurs due to inattention or insufficient professionalism of the doctor. When a milk tooth is removed (very often there are no tooth roots, since they dissolve before the change of teeth), the doctor begins to look for them in the tooth socket and perceives the germ of a permanent tooth as the roots of the milk tooth.

Remember the main thing: you should trust your doctor and actively participate in the treatment yourself, i.e. unquestioningly and carefully follow all the recommendations. And if you suspect in terms of the development of complications - do not delay and do not hesitate to consult a doctor again.

After tooth extraction - if the tooth and gum hurt after removal, the rules of conduct for the prevention of complications, what to do after the removal of a wisdom tooth, how many days does the hole heal?

Thanks

Removal (extraction) of a tooth This is an invasive surgery. That is, the procedure for removing a tooth is an operation with all the features inherent in this manipulation, normal consequences and possible complications. Of course, tooth extraction is a small operation compared to, for example, removal of uterine fibroids, part of the stomach with peptic ulcer, etc., therefore it is considered a relatively simple intervention with minimal risks. In terms of volume, degree of complexity, the likelihood of complications, as well as the behavior of tissues after the intervention, tooth extraction can be compared with small operations to exfoliate benign tumors (lipomas, fibromas, etc.) or erosions on the surface of the mucous membranes.

Symptoms that normally occur after tooth extraction

• Bleeding (lasts for 30-180 minutes after tooth extraction);
• Pain in the area of ​​the extracted tooth, radiating to nearby tissues and organs (for example, ear, nose, neighboring teeth, etc.);
• Swelling in the area of ​​the extracted tooth or surrounding tissues (eg cheeks, gums, etc.);
• Redness of the mucous membranes in the area of ​​the extracted tooth;
• A moderate increase in body temperature or a feeling of heat in the area of ​​​​the extracted tooth;
• Violation normal functioning jaw (inability to chew on the side of the extracted tooth, pain when opening the mouth wide, etc.).

In addition, after the extraction of the tooth, a sufficiently deep hole remains, in which the roots were previously located. Within 30 - 180 minutes, blood may ooze from the hole, which is normal reaction tissue for damage. After two hours, the blood should stop, and a clot will form in the hole, which covers most of its surface, creating sterile conditions for speedy healing and recovery. normal structure fabrics. If blood flows after tooth extraction for more than two hours, then you should consult a dentist, who will either suture the wound or perform other manipulations necessary to stop the bleeding.

There is a damaged mucous membrane on the gum along the edges of the hole, since in order to remove a tooth it must be peeled off, thus exposing its neck and root. Inside the hole are damaged ligaments and muscles that previously held the tooth securely in its place, that is, in the hole in the jawbone. In addition, at the bottom of the hole there are fragments of nerves and blood vessels that previously entered the pulp through the root of the tooth, providing nutrition, oxygen supply and providing sensitivity. After the extraction of the tooth, these nerves and vessels were torn.

That is, after the removal of a tooth in the area of ​​​​its former localization, various damaged tissues which should heal over time. Until these tissues heal, the person will be disturbed by pain, swelling, swelling and redness in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hole from the tooth and the surrounding gums, which is normal.

As a rule, after the extraction of a tooth (even a complex one), shallow traumatic injuries soft tissues that heal completely within a relatively short period of time - 7 - 10 days. However, the filling of the hole with bone tissue, which replaces the tooth root and gives density to the jaw bone, lasts much longer - from 4 to 8 months. But this should not be feared, since pain, swelling, redness and other symptoms of inflammation disappear after the healing of soft tissues, and the filling of the hole with bone elements occurs within several months unnoticed by a person, since it is not accompanied by any clinical symptoms. That is, the symptoms of inflammation (pain, swelling, redness, temperature) after tooth extraction persist only until the mucous membrane, muscles and ligaments heal, and torn blood vessels collapse. After that, the process of formation of bone tissue in the hole instead of the root of the extracted tooth is asymptomatic and, accordingly, imperceptible to humans.

Nerve damage after tooth extraction, it is fixed relatively often, but this complication is not severe. As a rule, the nerve is damaged when the roots of the tooth are branched or improperly located, which, in the process of being removed from the gum tissue, capture and break the branch of the nerve. When a nerve is damaged, a person has a feeling of numbness of the cheeks, lips, tongue, or palate, which persists for several days. As a rule, after 3 to 4 days, the numbness disappears, as the damaged nerve grows together, and the complication heals itself. However, if numbness persists a week after tooth extraction, then you should consult a doctor who will prescribe physiotherapy procedures necessary to accelerate the healing of the damaged nerve. It should be remembered that sooner or later the nerve damaged during tooth extraction grows together, and the numbness disappears.

Photo after tooth extraction

This photo shows a hole after tooth extraction in the stage of normally proceeding healing.

What do you do after a tooth extraction? In most cases, while still in the corridor of the clinic, the patient begins to consider postoperative (and tooth extraction is the most real operation) wound, and quite often its appearance inspires a person with a sense of fear. But the main questions arise after the anesthesia stops, when the pain returns: is this normal, can the pain indicate the development of a complication, is the gum in a normal state after tooth extraction and how long can blood flow and is this the norm? This article will provide materials that will help clarify the situation and answer frequently asked questions.

Preparing for the tooth extraction process

If the patient is interested in the process of tooth extraction even before the manipulation itself, then the information below is briefly presented that will avoid most complications after the procedure:

Do not postpone this procedure until the moment when pain occurs. Pain syndrome indicates that an inflammatory process develops in the tissues, and if such pathological process reaches the gums, it swells, loosens and its blood supply increases. Removing a tooth from such a gum will lead to prolonged bleeding, which will differ in intensity from the norm. In addition, if the cause of pain is the formation of a cyst ( hollow formation with dense walls, the cavity of which is filled with pus) on the crown of the tooth, then during the dental procedure, the risk of infection of the jaw bone, gums or tooth socket increases.

If a woman is to undergo a tooth extraction procedure, it should not be planned for the time of menstruation: at this time, bleeding will last longer, since the body's strength in relation to blood clotting is weakening.

It is better to schedule a visit to the dentist-surgeon in the morning. In such cases, when removing wisdom teeth or other complex manipulations, you can resolve the issues that have arisen during the day, and not look for round-the-clock dentistry.

Local anesthesia. If the patient of the dental surgeon is an adult and the manipulation does not involve general anesthesia, it is advisable to eat before the procedure. Thus, prevention of a decrease in blood glucose levels during the period of surgical manipulation is performed, and in a well-fed person, the process of blood clotting occurs faster.

When planning general anesthesia, you need to contact the dentist before the manipulation itself, the doctor will conduct a general examination and appoint a consultation with the anesthesiologist. Such anesthesia, on the contrary, excludes the use of food and even drink. The last meal should be taken 4-6 hours before the operation, since the administration of drugs can provoke vomiting, and the vomit, in turn, threatens to enter the respiratory tract.

Tell your doctor if you are allergic to medications and currently taking medications. If you plan to remove a tooth in a person with cardiac pathologies that involve permanent reception blood-thinning drugs, you should inform your dental surgeon about this, as well as consult with the attending cardiologist regarding the short-term withdrawal of these pharmaceuticals. In such cases, if you stop taking Cardiomagnyl, Warfarin and do not inject Fraxiparine and Clexane the day before dental intervention and exclude them for another 48 hours, you can avoid bleeding in the postoperative period. If the patient did not have time to perform this action, it is necessary to inform the surgeon about the presence similar treatment. It is also necessary to inform the doctor of all the features of the existing allergy.

Briefly about the extraction procedure

As mentioned above, tooth extraction is a complete operation. It involves the same steps as with other surgical interventions:

processing of the surgical field;

anesthesia.

Before the intervention, a local version of anesthesia is used, namely, in the area of ​​​​the exit of the nerve that innervates the necessary tooth, local anesthetic. Modern preparations of this action are contained in special ampoules - carpules. Such carpules, in addition to the anesthetic itself, also contain a vasoconstrictor. This is necessary in order to reduce the amount of blood lost during the manipulation.

In some cases, the dentist uses local anesthetics that do not contain these vasoconstrictor drugs. They are added independently, while the doctor can further increase the dose of such drugs. It is also worth noting that when the drug is injected into the area of ​​​​inflammation with acid pH reactions, part of the anesthetic is inactivated, as a result of which additional anesthesia may be required. Both points are very important in the postoperative period.

Direct removal.

After numbness of the gums and its anemia (narrowing of blood vessels), the dental surgeon proceeds to the process of direct tooth extraction. This requires loosening the ligament that holds the tooth, and in some cases this must be done with a scalpel. The tools and time of manipulation is determined by the doctor and may be different, it all depends on the severity of the situation.

The operation ends with the treatment of the resulting wound.

If the gingival margins are far apart, or in cases of traumatic extraction, suturing the wound may be necessary. In the absence of such a need, a soaked in a special hemostatic solution is applied over the damage. gauze swab, which is pressed in the hole with two jaws. The essence of stopping bleeding is not only in the hemostatic preparation, but also in the compression of the wound. Therefore, do not rush to change the tampon when it is soaked with blood, but it is better to press it well against the gum with your jaws.

Postoperative period - anesthesia is still in effect

Usually the algorithm is as follows: the doctor removes the tooth, puts a gauze swab and orders to hold it for about 15-20 minutes, and then spit it out. Later, in best case, the wound is examined for bleeding, and after the doctor is convinced that the bleeding has stopped, the patient is allowed to go home, at worst, the patient goes home, throwing out the tampon along the way.

Pain- in the first 3-4 hours after the manipulation, the anesthetic still continues to act, so the pain from the extraction is either not felt at all, or is slightly felt. A kind of exudate with streaks of blood is released from the hole - an ichor. Its separation lasts for 4-6 hours, and this is visible when spitting and opening the mouth. If a wisdom tooth was removed, then given its abundant blood supply and a significant area of ​​injury in the area of ​​​​operation, the ichor can be released during the day.

Hole after extraction of the tooth, it looks like this: there is a clot of scarlet blood in it. You cannot delete this clot, because it:

hinders vascular bleeding at the bottom and on the sides of the hole;

protects the well from infection;

gives rise to soft tissue that will replace the lost tooth in the future.

Blood may be excreted in small amounts after removal (normal) if:

a person suffers from liver pathologies;

takes blood thinners;

the operation was performed on inflamed tissue (the tissue is edematous and the vessels do not collapse well);

the tooth was pulled out traumatically.

Such bleeding should not be profuse and after 3-4 hours it transforms into a separation from the wound of the ichorus. If the blood stopped and reappeared after 1-2 hours, then this indicates the onset of the second phase of the action of the vasoconstrictor drug, namely, vasodilation.

In all the above cases, you need to perform the following actions:

calm down. You need to know that bleeding from the hole of a pulled out tooth was fatal in only one case, and then the deceased woman died not from the bleeding itself, but from blood entering the respiratory tract when she herself was in a state of extreme intoxication. The bleeding did not stop in her as a result of the presence of cirrhosis of the liver, which is known to disrupt the blood coagulation process, while the patient had three teeth removed at once;

if the bleeding is quite severe, you need to contact the surgeon who performed the extraction again. At night, you can go to the duty private or public clinic, but only if the blood is scarlet or dark color and is emitted in a stream. Otherwise, you must proceed to the implementation of the following points;

make a tampon out of sterile gauze, and install it yourself so that the edge of the tampon does not touch the blood clot in the hole, then clamp the tampon with your jaws for 20-30 minutes;

if bleeding develops against the background of the use of anticoagulants and the patient suffers from chronic pathologies blood or liver, or when excreted copious amount blood, you can use the "Hemostatic Sponge", which is sold in pharmacies. The sponge is also applied over the hole and pressed using the opposite jaw;

in addition, you can take the drug Dicinon or Etamzilat 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day;

hydrogen peroxide should not be used, since its components react with blood, as a result, the clot in the hole is also partially fragmented, which can provoke increased bleeding.

How many days after tooth extraction should bleeding stop completely? It takes 24 hours to completely stop bleeding. The presence of later bleeding indicates the presence of complications that should be excluded or confirmed during an unscheduled examination by the dentist.

swollen cheek can be observed in this period, only if the edema was present before the operation. If the flux was absent before the operation, then even with the development of any complication of swelling of the cheek, it will manifest itself for such a short time can not.

Temperature after the operation, during the first 2 hours, an increase in body temperature up to 38 degrees can be observed. This is how the body reacts to intervention. Most often, the temperature is in the range of 37.5 0 C, and in the evening it rises to a maximum of 38 0 C.

How to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction? In the first couple of hours after the manipulation - nothing, in order not to violate the integrity of the still loose blood clot in the tooth socket.

Postoperative period after the end of anesthesia

Pain- noticeable, because the sensitivity of the gums appears and the pain in the hole begins to disturb (normally, the pain can last up to 6 days, but it does not increase).

Hole looks the same as 2 hours ago, the blood clot persists.

Blood- after the end of the anesthesia, it may begin to stand out more strongly, most often it is not blood, but ichor. This is due to the fact that there is an expansion of blood vessels, which had previously been narrowed by vasoconstrictor drugs and adrenaline. If you use the recommendations presented in the previous paragraph: tamponade with gauze or with a hemostatic sponge, you can take a couple of Etamsylate tablets, in most cases this stops the condition.

How to rinse your mouth? Before the end of the first day after removal, rinsing is contraindicated, baths can be used, for this, a solution is taken into the mouth and the head is tilted towards the removed tooth, without rinsing movements. Such baths are indicated only if there are inflammatory or purulent processes in the body before the intervention. oral cavity(gingival suppuration, pulpitis, cysts). During the first day, only salt baths are used: for one glass of water, one tablespoon (tablespoon) of salt. Hold for about 1-3 minutes, repeat - 2-3 times a day.

Temperature after removal, it normally lasts for one day, while it should not exceed 38 degrees.

cheek swelling, but if bleeding did not increase, headache, nausea did not appear, appetite did not decrease, during the first two days it is one of the normal options. In the future, if there is no increasing swelling over the next 2 days, you should also not panic. But if:

cheek continues to swell;

swelling extends to neighboring areas;

the pain becomes more pronounced;

nausea, weakness, fatigue appear;

temperature rises,

this indicates the development of complications. It is urgent to consult a specialist.

Second-third days

Hole can scare a lot of people. The fact is that gray and white stripes of tissue begin to form over the blood clot. Do not be afraid - this is not pus. This type has fibrin, which helps the blood clot to thicken, so that later the soft tissue of the new gum grows in its place.

Pain after removal is present and requires pain medication. When the healing process has a normal, uncomplicated course, then the pain weakens every day, while hallmark is its character - aching, pulling, but not pulsating or shooting.

Why do many patients complain of bad breath after tooth extraction? A similar smell from the mouth may be present and this is the norm. The accumulation of blood, which goes through the stages of friability, natural for itself, and then a dense blood clot, has an unpleasant sweet smell. In addition, usually the patient receives a ban on brushing and rinsing their teeth for 3 days as a prescription, so there is an active accumulation of bacteria in the mouth, which increase the unpleasant odor. Do not worry about the smell, especially if general state satisfactory, there is no fever, and the pain gradually begins to subside.

You can talk about an uncomplicated course of the period after surgery if:

when you press the gum, the exudate from the hole does not separate;

pain - aching, dull, not shooting. Also, there is no increase in it during meals;

normal appetite;

a constant desire to lie down and weakness are absent;

temperature increase is not observed even in the evening;

swelling of the cheek remains at the same level as yesterday, does not increase;

blood after 2-3 days is not allocated.

You need to contact your dentist if:

saliva or food is determined in the well;

pain increases when eating, even if its character is aching, weak;

when you touch the gum in the region of the hole, pain occurs;

the edges of the gums are stained red.

How to rinse the mouth during this period?

decoction of calendula, eucalyptus, chamomile. Prepare according to the recipe presented in the instructions, do baths for 2-3 minutes three times a day;

furacilin solution - ready-made or diluted independently (10 tablets per 1 liter of water, boil, or 2 tablets per glass of boiling water): perform 1-2 minute baths, the manipulation can be repeated up to 2-3 times a day;

soda-salt solution (a teaspoon of salt and soda per glass of water): baths for 2 minutes, just hold in your mouth, repeat 2-3 times a day;

miramistin solution: baths for 1-3 minutes, 2-3 times a day;

an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine (0.05%): keep in the mouth for at least a minute. Rinse to perform three times a day.

Third and fourth days

There is no blood or other discharge from the wound. The gum hurts slightly, there is no temperature, the swelling of the cheek subsides. In the center of the hole, a mass of yellow-gray color is formed, on the sides of this mass, areas of the new mucous membrane of the gums appear, which has a pink color.

At this time, it is already possible to rinse the mouth: decoctions, aqueous solutions, the solutions discussed above (herbal decoctions, miramistin, furacilin, chlorhexidine) can also be used, but not actively.

Seventh-eighth day

Postoperative pain should be completely gone, as well as cheek swelling. The hole looks like this: it is almost completely covered with a reddish-pink tissue, in the center there is a small area of ​​yellowish-gray color. Exudate from the wound is not separated. Inside the hole, the process of bone formation starts, at the location of the tooth root (until this process is visible).

With an uncomplicated course of the postoperative period, the patient's condition corresponds to that before the operation. Department of blood or ichorus, increased body temperature, the presence of postoperative edema are a reason to visit the dentist.

14-18 knocks

If the tooth was completely removed, and there were no fragments left in the hole, the postoperative wound did not suppurate, then as of 14-18 days, the hole can hardly be called a hole, because it is completely covered with new pink epithelial tissue. In the area along the edges and inside the hole, there are still alveolar cavities from cells of histiocytes and fibroblasts; active development bone tissue.

By 30-45 days after surgery defects are still visible on the gum, which indicate that a tooth was located in this place, since the process of replacing the former hole with bone tissue has not yet been fully completed. The microscopic wound contains finely looped bone tissue with the presence of the last connective tissue in the intervals.

After 2-3 months the bone tissue is fully formed and fills all the space that was previously occupied by the tooth, but is still at the stage of maturation: the intercellular space in the bone tissue decreases, the cells become flat, the process of calcium salt deposition actively proceeds in the bone beams. By the 4th month, the gum has the same appearance as the rest of the areas, above the location of the mouth of the hole, the shape of the gum becomes wavy or concave, the height of such a gum is less compared to areas with teeth.

How long does a wound heal? If there were no complications in the postoperative period, then 4 months are needed for complete healing. If the wound festered, healed for a long time, and had to be cleaned with dental instruments, this process may take up to six months.

Removing the gauze pad.

Can be done in 20-30 minutes. If the patient is suffering from arterial hypertension, uses thinning drugs or suffers from a blood clotting disorder, it is better to hold the gauze cloth well pressed against the gum for about 40-60 minutes.

A blood clot at the site of a tooth extraction.

It is forbidden to remove this clot. His education serves as a kind of protection, which is developed by nature itself and should not be violated. Even in cases where food gets on the clot, you should not try to get it with a toothpick.

In order not to destroy the formed clot, during the first day:

do not blow your nose;

do not smoke: the clot can be pulled out by the negative pressure that is created in the oral cavity when smoke is inhaled;

do not spit;

do not brush your teeth;

do not rinse your mouth, the maximum is baths, when the solution is collected and held in the mouth near the hole, after which they spit very carefully;

follow the rules of nutrition (discussed below) and sleep.

Food:

in the first 2-3 hours after the operation, you can not eat or drink;

on the first day you need to exclude:

• alcohol;

  spicy food: it can provoke an increase in blood flow to the hole, which leads to increased swelling and increased pain;

  hot food: also increases blood flow and leads to postoperative inflammation;

  rough food: crackers, chips, nuts. Also, such products can lead to the development of inflammation of the hole;

in the next three days, you should take only soft food, you should avoid sweets, alcohol and do not drink hot drinks.

In addition, in the first week it is necessary to exclude the use of drinks that are drunk through a straw, you should not chew on the side of the clot. It is also necessary to exclude the use of toothpicks: all food remnants after taking it should be rinsed with decoctions of herbs, on the first day instead of rinsing - baths.

Rules of behavior.

You can wash your hair and take a shower. Sleeping on the first day after tooth extraction is better on a high pillow (or just placing an extra one). For a week exclude:

trips to the beach;

work in a hot shop;

physical exercise;

• hot bath;

  bath/sauna.

People who suffer from arterial hypertension or diseases of the blood coagulation system should without fail take a course of drugs according to the previously selected scheme. In 90% of cases, late cheek swelling and bruising, bleeding from the hole appear in the presence of an increase blood pressure. If something worries, it is better to call the surgeon who removed the tooth or go to an appointment than to search for answers on the Internet.

Hygienic measures of the oral cavity.

Do not rinse or brush your teeth on the first day. Such activities can be started from the second day after the extraction of the tooth, while avoiding contact with the hole. If the dentist’s recommendations included antiseptic treatment of the wound, then during the first 3 days such treatment involves baths (they take a solution into the mouth and tilt the head towards the defect, hold the head in this position for 1-3 minutes and gently release the solution without spitting ). From the second day, the bath should be done after each meal.

Also, from the second day it is necessary to resume brushing your teeth.: twice a day, with a minimum amount of toothpaste or without it at all, while not touching the hole. You can not use the irrigator.

Picking a clot with your tongue, finger, and even more so with a toothpick, is prohibited. If deposits have accumulated in the clot area, it is better to consult a doctor.

How to rinse your mouth? These are solutions (preparation recipes are described above):

soda-salt;

an aqueous solution of furacilin;

miramistin;

chlorhexidine;

decoctions of chamomile, eucalyptus, sage.

Pain in the postoperative period.

Painkillers. During the first two days, pain will be present for sure, because the operation was performed. You can stop the pain with the help of drugs Ibuprofen, Ketanov, Diclofenac, Nise, since they have an additional anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, you should not endure, it is better to take a pill prescribed by a doctor, but you should not exceed the allowable dose.

Cold- for additional pain relief, you can apply cold to the cheek. For this, products that are in the freezer are not suitable. The maximum is a plastic container with ice cubes or water, wrapped in a towel, and even better in a cotton cloth soaked in water. A similar compress is applied for 15-20 minutes.

Duration of pain after removal. In the absence of complications, pain can be felt up to 7 days from the moment of tooth extraction. It becomes less intense every day and acquires a aching character, while it should not increase when eating. Depending on the complexity of the operation, the level of the patient's pain threshold and the experience of the doctor, the time of pain after extraction will also vary.

Swelling of the cheek.

Cheek always swells after tooth extraction. The reason for this is inflammation after injury. The swelling reaches its maximum volume by 2-3 days, while:

the skin of the cheek is neither hot nor red;

the pain does not increase;

no increase in body temperature is observed (the “behavior” of temperature is described below);

swelling does not extend to the neck, infraorbital region and chin.

What to do if the cheek is swollen after tooth extraction? If a given state not accompanied by the symptoms listed above, then you can apply to the cheek cold compress for 15-20 minutes, similar procedure can be done 3-4 times a day. If the increase in edema is accompanied by an increase in body temperature or a general deterioration in the condition, it is necessary to contact the dentist, because - this may be an allergic reaction to the drugs used during the operation, insufficient sanitation of the oral cavity and wounds after the operation, early warming up of the cheek in the postoperative period.

Temperature.

The temperature curve should behave like this:

after the operation (on the first day) it rises to a maximum of 38 0 C in the evening;

in the morning next day- not higher than 37.5 0 С;

on the second day in the evening - the norm.

Symptoms that differ from those described should be the reason for a visit to the doctor. It is forbidden to prescribe antibiotics on your own, only a specialist can do this.

Bad mouth opening.

The jaw after tooth extraction may not open well and hurt even normally. This happens when the dentist has to press on the tissues during the extraction of the tooth or the patient has to open his mouth wide to provide maximum access to the site of the operation (usually this happens when extracting a wisdom tooth), which results in swelling of the tissues. If such a condition is not a complication of the operation, then similar condition proceeds without an increase in cheek edema, increased pain in the jaw, and fever. On the contrary, the situation with excessive opening of the mouth passes by about 2-4 days.

Bleeding.

Bleeding can normally be observed during the day. If the patient is concerned about its intensity, then the following measures should be taken:

press a swab of sterile gauze or a ready-made hemostatic sponge to the wound for 20-30 minutes. After a while, you can repeat the manipulation;

you can take 2 tablets of Dicinone / Etamzilat. Tablets can be taken 3 times a day;

you can use a cold compress soaked in cold water towels. Apply a compress for 20 minutes to the cheek, after 3 hours you can repeat the manipulation.

If the discharge of ichor or bleeding continues for more than a day, it is imperative to visit the dentist. Most likely, such manifestations indicate the presence of an infectious complication.

Hematoma on the skin of the cheek.

This phenomenon is not a complication in the postoperative period. Bruising most often occurs in the event of a traumatic tooth extraction, especially in people who suffer from arterial hypertension. Hematoma is the exit of blood from the vessels into the tissues, where post-traumatic edema used to be located.

Other questions.

Can health worsen after tooth extraction?? On the first day after surgery, stress can cause a lack of appetite, headache, and weakness. In the future, such manifestations disappear.

How long should it take after tooth extraction to return to the usual rhythm of life? Within a week, the pain disappears, swelling and bruising also disappear, the clot at the bottom of the hole begins to be tightened by epithelial tissue.

Complications

After tooth extraction may develop various complications. The vast majority of them are infections that require the simultaneous prescription of antibiotics or, in extreme cases, surgical debridement of the focus of infection.

Dry hole.

This name has a condition in which, under the influence of vasoconstrictor drugs that are present in the anesthetic, or in case of non-compliance with medical recommendations after surgery (for example, active rinsing or eating solid food), a blood clot does not form in the well. Such a complication does not pose a threat to the life of the patient, but can cause the development of alveolitis - inflammation of the tooth socket, since the clot performs the function of protecting the gum tissue from infection and accelerates wound healing, respectively, when it is absent, then there is nothing to perform its function.

This condition manifests itself with a long healing period. postoperative wound, the occurrence of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity, long-term preservation pain syndrome. The patient himself can, by looking in the mirror, determine that there is no clot in the hole, and the hole is not protected.

Having discovered such a condition, you should consult a doctor on the first day to correct the situation. Most likely, the dentist will perform a second, less painful intervention in the wound, which aims to form a new clot in the hole. If the presence of a dry socket was noticed later than the first days, it is necessary to consult a doctor directly during the appointment or over the phone, he will explain what measures (in most cases this dental gels and rinsing) must be taken to prevent the development of alveolitis.

Alveolitis.

This name has a condition in which inflammation of the mucous membrane develops, which lines the recess in the jaw, where the tooth was located before the operation. This condition is dangerous because it can cause suppuration in the hole and the transition of infectious purulent inflammation to the soft tissues and bone tissue of the jaw. Alveolitis in most cases develops after the removal of molars, especially for the wisdom teeth located on the lower jaw, which are surrounded by large quantity soft tissues.

Causes of alveolitis:

decrease in general immunity;

extraction of a tooth, on the root of which a festering cyst was attached;

unsatisfactory processing of the tooth socket after its extraction;

violation of the integrity of the clot in the hole, most often, if desired, intensively rinse your mouth or clean the hole from food with toothpicks.

Symptoms of the development of alveolitis:

the pain that began to subside after the operation is growing again;

there is an unpleasant, putrid smell from the mouth;

pain radiates to both jaws, in some cases to the head area;

submandibular lymph nodes increase;

when pressing on the gum in the area of ​​​​operation, pus or liquid begins to ooze from the hole;

after the removal of the tooth, the pan looks like this: the edges of the wound are reddish, the clot may have a black tint, the hole is covered with a dirty gray coating;

body temperature rises to 38 0 C and above with a feeling of ache, chills;

there is a headache, you want to sleep, the person gets tired quickly;

it hurts to touch the gums.

At home, you can help yourself:

rinse your mouth, but not intensively, often up to 20 times per knock, using antiseptic solutions for rinsing (for example, miramistin, chlorhexidine), salt solution;

do not remove the clot from the hole, even if there is an unpleasant odor coming from it;

you can drink non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Ibuprofen, Nise, Diclofenac;

contact a dentist. Only he is able to cure alveolitis by curing the wound, inserting a tampon with an antiseptic into the wound and choosing the most suitable antibiotic for the patient. It can be Colimycin, Neomycin, Lincomycin. Also, the doctor can refer the patient to physiotherapeutic procedures: treatment with a helium-neon laser, fluctuorization, microwave therapy, UVI.

Complications of alveolitis can be:

abscesses - accumulation of pus, limited by a capsule, in soft tissues;

osteomyelitis - inflammation of the bone tissue of the jaw;

phlegmon - the spread of a purulent process, which is not limited to the capsule and provokes the melting of healthy soft tissues of the jaw;

periostitis - inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw.

Osteomyelitis.

Purulent inflammation of the jaw bone, which is the most common complication of alveolitis. It can, in turn, be complicated by blood poisoning, so the treatment of this complication must be carried out in a hospital. Osteomyelitis is manifested by such symptoms:

loss of appetite;

increased fatigue;

the occurrence of a headache;

increased body temperature (above 38 degrees);

cheek swelling develops in the projection of the extracted tooth;

touching the jaw bone causes pain, while the further the process spreads, the larger areas of the jaw are affected;

develops severe pain in the jaw, which is growing.

Treatment of this complication is carried out in the department maxillofacial surgery. The wound is drained, necrotic areas of the bone are removed, and antiseptic preparations are also injected into the wound. A course of systemic antibiotics is prescribed.

Nerve damage.

If the extracted tooth had a complex root system or it was located incorrectly, during the operation in such cases, the nerve that passes nearby may be damaged. This complication has the following symptoms:

the presence of "running" goosebumps;

the area of ​​nerve damage becomes insensitive;

numbness in the cheeks, palate, tongue in the projection of tooth extraction.

Pathology is treated on an outpatient basis. Physiotherapy is used, a course of vitamin B and drugs that improve the conduction of impulses from nerve endings to the muscle are also prescribed.

Sharp edges of the alveoli.

After the extirpation of the tooth on the second day, when the edges of the gums begin to approach each other above the hole, pain occurs in this area. It is possible to distinguish such pain from alveolitis during the examination: pus does not separate from the hole, the edges of the gums are not red, the hole is still closed with a clot. The treatment of this complication is surgical - with the help of special tools, the sharp edges of the hole are excised, the wound is treated and a biomaterial is applied over it, which makes up for the lack of bone.

Exposure of the alveoli.

If the postoperative course passes within the normal range, however, during the use of warm food or mechanical irritation in the area of ​​​​the hole, pain occurs, this may indicate that the bone area is not covered with soft tissue.

This diagnosis can only be established by a dentist. Treatment of the pathology is surgical: the exposed area is removed, covering it from above with its own gum tissues, and stitches are applied.

postoperative cyst.

The development of a cyst after tooth extirpation is a rather rare complication of the operation. This is a kind of cavity near the root of the tooth, which is filled with fluid, so the body independently limits infected tissues from healthy ones. Such a cyst can grow in size and completely cover the tooth root, it can also spread to neighboring tissues, therefore this complication needs to be treated.

Such a cyst becomes noticeable after the development of periostitis, which is popularly called "flux". In such cases, a person turns to dentistry, where the disease is diagnosed and treated surgically, excising the pathological formation.

Perforation of the floor of the maxillary sinus.

This complication is the result of the manipulation itself, when in the process of tooth extraction a pathological connection is formed between maxillary sinus and oral cavity. Such a complication is possible with the removal of molars. You can diagnose the pathology using an x-ray, and the dentist can check for a message by asking the patient to exhale, then pinch his nose with his fingers and inhale. If there is a perforation, foamy (presence of air) blood will begin to appear from the hole.

Odontogenic phlegmon.

This name has a purulent fusion of soft tissues (spaces between fascia, subcutaneous tissue, skin), which develops as a complication of osteomyelitis of the jaw.

The disease is manifested by painful and growing swelling of the cheek in the region of the lower or upper jaw. The skin over the edema is tense, very painful, it is rather difficult to open the mouth. In addition, there is a headache, malaise, body temperature rises. There is a decrease in appetite.

Treatment of this complication is carried out only surgically. Therapy consists in opening the infiltrate and washing the damaged areas with antibiotics, and systemic antibiotics are also prescribed.

Odontogenic periostitis.

This complication is a complication of osteomyelitis or alveolitis and is manifested by the spread of inflammation to the periosteum. In the people, such a pathology should be called "flux". There is a complication:

an increase in body temperature;

persistent toothache;

swelling of the cheeks on one side.

Abscesses of the soft tissues of the jaw.

This disease in its early stages is not particularly different from phlegmon. However, here, the tissues melted by pus are limited from healthy capsules, while with phlegmon, inflammation continues to advance and affect more and more new areas of tissue.

A manifestation of odontogenic abscesses is pain in the entire jaw, weakness, an increase in body temperature to high numbers, difficulty in opening the mouth, increased local temperature in the area of ​​skin edema, the development of significant cheek edema.

Treatment of complications is carried out in a hospital and is surgical - they open and drain the resulting abscess, wash it with antiseptic solutions. In addition, systemic antibiotics are injected into a vein or muscle.

Antibiotics for tooth extraction

appointment cases.

When removing teeth, antibiotics are not always prescribed, it all depends on each specific case. If, after the extirpation of the tooth during the control visit, the doctor finds signs of inflammation, then in most cases antibiotics are prescribed. There are also a number of factors that imply the appointment of antibiotics in case of complication of tooth extraction:

• if during the extraction of the tooth its hole was damaged, which as a result led to the penetration of the infection further into the tissues;
• if, after tooth extraction, the wound does not heal for a long time, due to weakening of local immunity;
• if a thrombus does not form in the well or it is insolvent. In such cases, antibiotics are prescribed to protect the well from infection.

drug requirements

After tooth extraction, it is necessary to prescribe those antibiotics that meet a number of requirements:

low level of toxicity;

the minimum number of side effects;

the drug must have the ability to quickly penetrate into soft and bone tissues;

the drug must have the ability to accumulate in the blood in certain quantities and maintain a local effect for 8 hours.

What drugs should be prescribed.

In the question of which antibiotics should be prescribed for admission after tooth extraction, it is rather difficult to give an unambiguous answer, because each patient's body can react differently to them, so the doctor decides this question directly at the time of admission. The only thing that can be done regarding the determination of antibiotics for tooth extraction is to indicate which of them are used most often. Modern dentistry most often uses Metronidazole and Lincomycetin. These drugs are often even prescribed in combination, to ensure the best effect. Thus, Lincomycin take two capsules with an interval of 6-7 hours, the course of therapy is up to 5 days. At the same time, Metronidazole acts as a maintenance drug and is taken one tablet three times a day, the course is 5 days.

Contraindications.

When prescribing antibiotics after tooth extraction, the doctor must be warned about the presence of body features. So, the dentist should be informed about pathologies gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart. It is also worth providing all the information regarding the use of other medicines.

If the patient has a pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, then the doctor should prescribe antibiotics in effervescent form. Such funds dissolve much faster and do not have strong irritation to the stomach and intestines. The main thing that needs to be understood once and for all is that only a doctor can prescribe any drugs, and then only after a thorough examination.

A person, due to certain circumstances, depending and not depending on him, is faced with the problem of dental treatment. The dentist is not always able to cure the tooth, sometimes you have to resort to its removal.

It is worth noting that if the tooth can still be restored, then it is not recommended to resort to removal, it would be more correct to seal it.

Removal of a tooth is a full-fledged operation, during which incisions and implants occur surgical instruments in the area of ​​the affected tooth, they lead to irritation and inflammation of the gums and tooth socket. Dental operations are performed with the help of local anesthesia.

An anesthetic injection is injected into the gum, directly into the area around the affected tooth. In place of the extracted tooth, a wound remains, which bleeds at first.

Removal of a tooth

Naturally, after the operation, unpleasant consequences and complications can be observed, which, as a rule, are of a short duration and disappear within a few days.

The consequences of the operation disappear quickly if the patient follows all the recommendations of the doctor.

The following postoperative symptoms, which are considered the norm:

• It's a dull pain in the part of the oral cavity where the surgical intervention took place;
• secretion of ichor within a few hours;
• slight increase in body temperature;
• the residual effect of anesthesia causes temporary numbness of the cheek;
• in rare cases painful to swallow after tooth extraction. It's not worth worrying too much. This unpleasant symptom disappears by itself a few hours after the cessation of anesthesia.

If bleeding is observed, or the pain becomes very severe, you should consult a doctor.

Postoperative complications

In some cases, complications are observed that are not the norm. This may be due to the fault of the doctor, who did not completely remove the tooth root or treated the postoperative wound in an inappropriate way.

In some cases, the fault of the patient is observed, who neglected hygiene standards and the prescription of the attending physician. It is worth noting that complications after the extraction of a tooth with a cyst, appear more often than with a standard extraction, since the resulting wound is larger in size and the risk of infection getting into it is much higher.

The most serious complications include:

• Abscess. If the patient did not follow the doctor's instructions after the operation, suppuration is observed in the area where the surgical intervention took place. This leads to the appearance serious complications such as an abscess or osteomyelitis of the jaw.
• Alveolitis. The consequences in the period after tooth extraction include the manifestation of alveolitis, which is a serious dental disease and requires appropriate treatment.

Above are the complications after tooth extraction, the photo of which clearly demonstrates the seriousness of their manifestation.

Alveolitis

Alveolitis- This is a disease that manifests itself in the case of infection of the wound, which is natural consequence after tooth extraction. During surgical intervention a small incision is made on the gum and the tooth socket is injured. This naturally leads to the process of inflammation. As a rule, the wound is completely tightened after two weeks.

If infection occurs, the healing process will be delayed for a long time. In order to prevent the occurrence of alveolitis, it is recommended to properly observe hygiene rules oral cavity.

Causes of alveolitis

Alveolitis is observed only in rare cases and is not characterized as an independent disease.

Causes of manifestation include:

• surgical intervention that was performed during the extraction of a tooth;
• decrease in immunity in the postoperative period;
• insufficient compliance with hygiene rules;
• improperly performed operation;
• when tartar gets inside the formed wound;
• Smoking is recognized as a factor contributing to the spread of infection.

Treatment has the right to prescribe only a doctor. Mouthwash is not characterized effective method in the treatment of alveolitis. The disease is accompanied by an infection, which can only be overcome by antibiotics and analgesics.

Symptoms of alveolitis

Aching pain and fever symptoms of alveolitis

The symptoms of alveolitis cannot be confused with anything. Blood thickens in the hole of the extracted tooth, aching pain appears in this place, which only becomes stronger and spreads to the nearby areas of the gums.

The wound may become covered with pus, Against this background, a repulsive odor from the mouth appears. Further, there is an increase in body temperature to a mark of 39 degrees. Heat this is a consequence of the spread of infection, which, as a rule, is accompanied by chills.

In the event that the listed symptoms are observed, it is recommended to consult a dentist, since none of them is characterized as a natural consequence after tooth extraction.

Oral hygiene

In order to protect yourself from complications after tooth extraction, as well as to prevent inflammation of the dental nerves and destruction of enamel, it is recommended to observe the following hygiene standards regulations:

• After two days after the operation, it is recommended to rinse the mouth. This is done using antiseptics purchased at a pharmacy or light tincture chamomile, which can be prepared at home. For cooking, you will need dried leaves and chamomile flowers. One spoon of the dry component is mixed with a glass of warm water, insisted for a quarter of an hour and filtered. Next, the tincture is ready for use. For visible result, rinsing is done twice a day.
• Recommended do not drink at all or drink small amounts of carbonated water. It contributes to the destruction of enamel;
• First days after surgery teeth are recommended to be brushed soft brush, in order not to scratch the wound in the tooth hole.

Extraction of teeth - this is a last resort. If possible, doctors recommend filling or prosthetics. However, if this is not possible for medical reasons, then after the wound has healed from removal, it is considered necessary to install an implant.

Features of the innervation of the upper and lower jaw

The superior and inferior alveolar nerves innervate the following anatomical structures:

• gums;
• periodontium - a complex of tissues surrounding the tooth root;
• teeth: dental nerves, together with vessels, enter the pulp through an opening in the root apex.

How long does pain last after tooth extraction?

Factors on which it depends:

• complexity of the intervention: the location of the tooth (incisors, canines, small or large molars), the condition of the tooth and its surrounding bone tissue, the size of the tooth root;


• compliance with the recommendations of the dentist after removal: if they are fulfilled, then it is possible to completely avoid pain;


• doctor's experience how carefully the doctor removes teeth;


• equipment of the dental clinic: the more modern instruments used to remove a tooth, the less pain will bother;


• patient features: some people feel pain more acutely, others - not so much.

What if the pain persists for a long time?

What does the hole look like after tooth extraction?

What should be done after tooth extraction?

• Avoid physical activity. Rest should be as passive as possible. At least during the first two days after tooth extraction.
• Do not eat during the first 2-3 hours after the manipulation. Food injures a fresh wound and leads to pain, which can then be maintained for a long time.
• For several days, you can not chew food on the side where the tooth was removed.
• Avoid smoking and taking for several days alcoholic beverages. Cigarette smoke and ethyl alcohol irritate the mucous membrane of the gums, provoke the development and intensification of pain.
• You can not touch the hole with your tongue, touch it with toothpicks and any other objects. There is a blood clot in the hole, which is very important for healing. If food particles get into the hole during chewing, then you should not try to remove them: you can remove the clot with them. It is better to rinse your mouth after eating.
• Mouth rinses after tooth extraction are helpful. But do not start them from the first day.
• If the pain gets worse, you can take painkillers. But before that, it is highly advisable to consult a doctor.

How to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction?

How to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction?

Rinse your mouth starting from 2 days, as prescribed by the dentist. In this case, intensive rinsing is unacceptable, as it can lead to the removal of blood clot. Baths are carried out: the patient collects a small amount of liquid in his mouth and keeps it near the hole for 1 to 3 minutes. The liquid is then spit out.

How to eat right after tooth extraction?

• take only soft food
• avoid sweet and very hot
• do not drink drinks through a straw
• give up alcohol
• do not use toothpicks: replace them with mouth rinses (baths) after each meal

How long can a hole bleed after a tooth extraction?

Measures that can be taken if severe bleeding occurs a few hours after tooth extraction:

• Bite the gauze swab on the hole and hold it for a while. The blood must stop.


• Apply cold to the place where the extracted tooth is located.

Cheek swelling after tooth extraction

The reasons.

If the edema is severe enough and persists for a long time, then, most likely, its cause is an inflammatory process.

Possible causes of the inflammatory process that causes cheek swelling after tooth extraction:

• errors in the doctor's compliance with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during tooth extraction
• violation of the recommendations of the dentist by the patient
• insufficient sanitation (cleansing from pathogens) by the dentist of the wound after tooth extraction
• allergic reactions on drugs that were used during the manipulation;
• decrease in the immune defenses of the patient's body

What to do?

• in the first few hours - applying cold to the cheek
• followed by the application of dry heat.

• swelling is very pronounced
• swelling does not go away for a long time
• there is severe pain that lasts for a long time
• body temperature rises to 39 - 40⁰C
• violated general well-being patient: headache fatigue, drowsiness, lethargy
• over time, these symptoms not only do not decrease, but also increase even more

Increased body temperature after tooth extraction

The reasons.

What to do?

Complications after tooth extraction.

Dry hole.

Causes of dry socket:

• after tooth extraction, a blood clot did not form in the hole


• a clot formed but was then removed due to eating hard food on the first day after removal, rinsing too hard, trying to remove food that got into the socket with toothpicks and other hard objects.

If you suspect that you have this complication, you should visit your dentist as soon as possible. As a rule, the doctor applies compresses to the tooth with medicinal substances and gives the patient further recommendations. The main goals of dry socket treatment are to speed up the healing process and prevent the development of alveolitis.

Alveolitis.

• Violation by the patient of the recommendations of the dentist after tooth extraction, the rules of oral hygiene.


• Damage and removal of a blood clot located in the hole. Most often this happens during attempts to get stuck food particles, with intensive rinsing.


• Insufficient processing of the hole, violation by the dentist of the rules of asepsis and antisepsis during tooth extraction.


• Decreased immunity in the patient.

• A few days after tooth extraction, the pain increases with new force and does not pass.


• An increase in body temperature over 38⁰C.


• The appearance of a characteristic bad breath.


• Touching the gums is accompanied by severe pain.


• Deterioration of the patient's well-being: headache, fatigue, drowsiness.

Alveolitis treatment

If you experience the symptoms described above, you should immediately visit the dentist.

Activities that take place in the dentist's office:

• Anesthesia (an injection into the gum of a solution of lidocaine or novocaine).
• Removal of an infected blood clot, thorough cleaning of the hole.
• If necessary - curettage holes - its scraping, removal of all foreign bodies, granulations.
• Treatment inner surface wells with antiseptic solutions.
• A swab soaked in medicine is placed on the well.

Used antibiotics

• periostitis- inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw
• abscesses and phlegmons- ulcers under the mucous membrane, skin
• osteomyelitis- inflammation of the jaw

Rare complications after tooth extraction

Osteomyelitis

Symptoms of osteomyelitis of the jaw:

• severe pain that gets worse over time
• severe swelling on the face at the site of the extracted tooth
• increase in body temperature
• malaise: headaches, fatigue, drowsiness
• subsequently, the inflammation can spread to neighboring teeth, capture more and more areas of the bone, while the patient's well-being worsens

Directions of treatment:

• surgical intervention


• antibiotic use

Nerve damage

If the nerve is damaged during tooth extraction, numbness of the oral mucosa is noted in the area of ​​the cheeks, lips, tongue, and palate (depending on the location of the tooth). Nerve injuries are usually minor and resolve within a few days. If recovery does not occur, you should consult a doctor. Physiotherapy will be scheduled.