Bleeding and blood clots during menstruation. Menstruation with clots: causes. Abundant menstruation with clots after curettage of the uterine cavity

Normally, women should not experience heavy uterine bleeding with clots even during menstruation. The causes can be inflammatory diseases, hormonal dysfunction.

The main causes of uterine bleeding with clots

Uterine bleeding with clots and heavy discharge during menstruation are often confused, women do not know what danger this pathology carries. Most women believe that this is a normal phenomenon and thus the body is cleansed. In fact, uterine bleeding not only spoils the quality of life, but is also dangerous for a woman's health.

Unusual discharge in the form of uterine bleeding is often found in women before the onset of menopause and in young girls during the formation of the menstrual cycle. In childbearing age, uterine bleeding is a deviation from the norm and says that something is going wrong in the body.

All spotting that is not menstruation is divided into types according to the cause of occurrence, signs of manifestation and danger. In medical practice, there are many types of uterine bleeding, but there are those that are most common and have characteristic signs of difference.

Acyclic

Occur between natural menstruation and are not always a pathology. But the occurrence of bloody discharge with clots indicates the development of pathology. Such a manifestation of symptoms may be associated with the development of endometriosis, fibroids or cysts. But it can also indicate a serious inflammatory process in the reproductive system.

Profuse

They differ from others in the absence of any symptoms, except for spotting. The amount of liquid can be barely noticeable, and sometimes go without interruption. The cause of this pathology can be infectious diseases, abortions and the use of hormonal drugs.

Dysfunctional

Occurs when there is a malfunction of the appendages. Especially often this pathology manifests itself after a long absence of normal menstruation. Hormonal failure provokes untimely rejection of the lining of the reproductive organ, as well as spontaneous opening of the cervix. provokes uterine discharge with clots of clotted blood.

Hypotonic

The reason for such bleeding lies in the low tone of the myometrium. After surgery, abortion or miscarriage, the uterus is not able to hold the mucous layer and it comes out in the form of a different nature of bleeding.

Juvenile

Occur in young girls before puberty. They are caused by strong physical exertion, stress, malnutrition and frequent illnesses. Such bleeding is dangerous for the occurrence of anemia.

Anovulatory

They occur in women during menopause and in girls during puberty. Due to the lack of ovulation, the balance of hormones is disturbed, the follicles do not mature, and progesterone is not produced in the required amount. Without treatment, such manifestations are dangerous for the formation of malignant tumors.

Only a doctor can say exactly what uterine bleeding is connected with and how to stop it after a complete examination. Any of the manifestations of spotting should not be ignored, and with the onset of symptoms, it is important to consult a gynecologist.

To understand when to sound the alarm, it is important to recognize bleeding. Very often it is confused with a natural physiological process, the signs of pathology are very similar. Few people know how much blood they lose during menstruation, and it can be very difficult to see a significant difference.

In order to understand whether the discharge is copious and whether it can be attributed to bleeding, you need to try to estimate the amount of fluid. This is done using personal care products. If in an hour the pad or tampon is completely wet, then this is not just menstrual flow, but dangerous uterine blood loss.

The duration of such a manifestation cannot exceed a week, and if blood loss increases, you should immediately consult a doctor. may take a long time to collect, so it is important to pay attention to other symptoms.

Other signs of pathological discharge include:

• the appearance of small clots;
• severe pain in the lower abdomen of a different nature;
• unexplained weakness;
• drawing pains in the lower back;
• pallor of the skin.

Large blood loss leads to iron deficiency anemia, which is manifested by a decrease in hemoglobin in the general analysis after 2-3 days of heavy discharge.

Causes of pathology

To eliminate pathology, it is important to understand the nature of such a manifestation. Uterine bleeding with clots, the causes of which are unknown, cannot be stopped or prevented from re-development. The treatment regimen and prognosis for a favorable outcome depend on this. The reason for the occurrence of bleeding can be not only a serious disorder of the reproductive system, but also diseases of other organs, external and third-party factors.

Among the extragenital causes are:

• infectious processes;
• blood abnormalities;
• violation of the urethra;
• liver disease, cirrhosis;
• thyroid dysfunction;
• pathology of the heart and blood vessels.

Genital causes are usually related to pregnancy and childbearing. Among them are:

• pathology of embryo development;
• pregnancy outside the uterus;
• scars on the uterus after previous births;
• placental abruption;
• damage to the cervix;
• destructive processes in the uterine cavity;
• ruptures and injuries during delivery;
• delay or partial exit of the placenta;
• endometritis;
• myoma and malignant formations;

With the exclusion of pregnancy, blood clots in the uterus are due to the occurrence of pathological formations of the ovaries and uterus. Often spontaneous bleeding can occur when the integrity of the fallopian tubes is violated, ovarian apoplexy.

And also the cause of genital bleeding can be any injury to the uterus and external genital organs, due to violence or careless attitude to one's health. Various drugs and hormonal contraceptives can disrupt reproductive functions.

Help with uterine bleeding

Before the arrival of an ambulance with severe bleeding from the uterus, it is important to properly provide first aid. With a breakthrough blood loss, every minute is important, because it can be the last.

What you can and should do yourself at home:

• take a horizontal position and raise your legs above head level;
• apply cold to the lower abdomen for 15 minutes, after a break for 5 minutes;
• replenish fluid loss with plenty of fluids.

Regarding medications, you need to be careful and do not take any medications without a doctor's prescription. There are a number of drugs that are used to treat clots, but not knowing the correct dosage can not only cause side effects, but also harm the body even more.

But it is also forbidden to apply heating pads or douching. The solution can be harmful, and the plastic of the tip for the procedure can damage the mucous membrane. It is important to exclude drugs that can lead to contraction of the walls of the uterus, which will only increase blood loss.

How to identify bleeding during menstruation

The appearance of discharge in the middle of the cycle alarms any woman, but if this occurs during the period of the expected menstruation, then it is quite difficult to distinguish between menstruation and blood loss.

You can track the character, color and consistency. If the pad has to be changed more often than once every two hours, and due to blood clots, the discharge is not completely absorbed, then this indicates a pathology.

Due to the fact that menstruation is a normal physiological process, a woman should not feel severe discomfort and pain during menstruation. Such symptoms, together with weakness and fatigue, indicate violations.

A big misconception among women is the impossibility of a gynecological examination during menstruation, and they simply wait for them to end. With abundant discharge, you can undergo an ultrasound examination to exclude dangerous phenomena in the form of an ectopic pregnancy or formations and this will not bring discomfort.

Often, women are faced with various manifestations of hormonal imbalance. The result of this is a change in the regularity of the menstrual cycle, the volume and nature of the discharge. Blood clots during menstruation, the causes of which are different, are also evidence of a violation. Consider this phenomenon, highlighting ways to deal with it.

Menstruation comes with blood clots - what does this mean?

During menstrual days, the color and consistency of the discharge changes. At first, the blood has a scarlet hue, towards the end it is dark red, sometimes brown. This option is the norm. But why do blood clots come out during menstruation, is it not a violation, not every girl knows. This fact is associated with a lack of anticoagulants. As a result, small volumes of body fluid can curl up in the vagina and come out. Its dimensions reach 0.3-4 cm! Scarlet periods with blood clots are dangerous, the causes of which are due to uterine bleeding. The condition requires urgent medical attention.

Abundant periods with blood clots - causes

It should be noted that such a phenomenon can also be considered as a sign of a violation. When heavy periods with clots are noted every month, an examination and examination by a gynecologist is necessary. Among the main reasons for such symptoms are:

1. Failure of the hormonal system. Often, copious, bloody discharge during menstruation occurs in adolescents when the cycle is just beginning to form. Similar is observed in women after the birth of a child.
2. Endometriosis. The disease is characterized by a change in the structure of the inner lining of the uterine cavity, which becomes similar to the mucous membrane. The lesions form a focus of inflammation. When complaining of blood clots during menstruation, sorting out the causes, doctors initially exclude this disease.
3. With such a violation, sections of the endometrium, the last layer of the uterus, are found in the muscle layer.
4. The presence of neoplasms in the reproductive system. Abundant menstrual flow always accompanies diseases such as cysts, polyps, fibroids. Outgrowths form on the walls of the reproductive organ.
5. Diseases of the pelvic organs. Inflammations, infections of this department often involve the uterus, causing blood clots during menstruation, the reasons for which the girl does not understand.
6. Somatic diseases. These include disorders that are not associated with damage to the reproductive system, but actively affect hormones in general. This is noted with damage to the kidneys, thyroid gland, liver.

Scanty discharge with clots during menstruation

Normally, menstruation takes 3-5 days, the volume of fluid secreted is 50-150 ml. Reduced periods with clots are a sign of a violation. Among the reasons for this phenomenon are:

• taking oral contraceptives for a long time;
• overweight or vice versa, underweight;
• violation of metabolic processes in the body;
• stress, anxiety, physical activity;
• anemia;
• anomalies of the reproductive organs.

Severe bleeding during menstruation with clots

Many factors explain this phenomenon. So blood clots during menstruation, similar to the liver, can be observed with:

1. The presence of a septum in the cervix. Has a congenital or acquired character. It is most often formed at the stage of development inside the mother's womb. Abnormal outflow of menstrual fluid leads to the appearance of black blood clots during menstruation, the causes of which are unknown to the girl.
2. Caused by impaired function of the adrenal glands, pituitary gland and thyroid gland. As a result of the growth of the endometrium, an increase in the volume of secretions is noted.
3. The use of a spiral. As a result, the introduction of a foreign object, the uterus can respond with the growth of the endometrium, the inflammatory process and the appearance of polyps.
4. Consequences of abortion or spontaneous termination of pregnancy.

Menstruation with clots - causes (without pain)

In order to get rid of and completely eliminate large blood clots during menstruation, the causes of which are unclear, the girl should consult a gynecologist. Comprehensive diagnostics will help solve the problem. It includes:

• examination in a gynecological chair;
• taking swabs from the vaginal cavity and urethra;
• Ultrasound of organs in the small pelvis.

Abundant periods with blood clots - treatment

The process of therapy depends entirely on the factors that caused the violation. Complex treatment of heavy periods with clots consists of:

• diagnostic measures: examination, ultrasound, exclusion of infection and inflammation in the pelvis;
• drug therapy;
• preventive measures.

The basis of treatment is hormonal preparations based on progesterone: Utrozhestan, Duphaston. In order to reduce the risk of developing anemia, iron-containing drugs are prescribed: Sorbifer, Maltofer. In order to reduce blood loss, during menstruation more than 150 ml, Dicinon, aminocaproic acid, calcium gluconate are attributed. If the problem is due to the installation of the IUD, doctors remove it.

The nature of menstruation depends on many factors: general health, individual characteristics of the body, age-related changes in hormonal levels. With various diseases of the reproductive system, significant deviations from the norm occur. It is important to pay attention to the appearance of unusual signs in time. If menstruation is heavy, with clots, there are accompanying symptoms that cause discomfort, this indicates a serious pathology. But at the same time, clots in menstrual flow can be normal.

If there are few of them, and the volume of menstruation does not exceed 80-100 ml, then, most likely, the formation of clots is caused by natural causes. Normal periods last no more than 5-6 days and are not too painful, and the discharge does not have an unpleasant odor.

The appearance of clots in normal secretions can occur in the following cases:

1. In the uterine cavity there are adhesions, scars that disrupt the outflow of mucus and menstrual blood. Stagnant blood coagulates and is sometimes excreted from the uterus in the form of lumps.
2. There are congenital disorders of the shape or position of the uterus (for example, the bend of the cervix, the presence of partitions in the cavity), which contributes to the formation of blood clots.
3. The blood has an increased viscosity (this condition occurs, for example, with insufficient fluid intake, the predominance of protein products in the diet, with diseases of the liver, kidneys, and blood vessels).
4. The woman sits or lies for a long time. Blood and mucus accumulate and thicken, and on rising there is a copious discharge with lumps of mucus.
5. Blood clotting increases as a result of taking medications - coagulants (for nosebleeds, for example) or hormonal drugs. This helps to reduce the duration and intensity of bleeding, but leads to the formation of blood clots in the secretions.
6. A contraceptive coil is installed in the uterine cavity, which contributes to the formation of blood clots in the menstrual blood.
7. A woman has an interruption of a just-begun pregnancy (at 1-2 weeks). After a short delay, abundant long periods appear with clots of unevenly exfoliated endometrium.

The norm is the appearance of lumps during the first menstruation after an abortionwhen the secretions may contain remnants of the fetal egg. The hormonal shift that occurs in the body after an abortion and childbirth is the reason that menstruation becomes plentiful. Hormones also affect the production of enzymes that regulate blood clotting.

At various periods of a woman's life, associated with a natural change in the hormonal background (development of the reproductive system, the onset of sexual activity, menopause), deviations in the nature of menstruation are also possible. Scanty discharge may alternate with abundant. The appearance of lumps is explained by a change in the structure of the mucous membranes.

The appearance of deviations in the nature of menstruation is facilitated by hypothermia, malnutrition, and bad habits.

Addition: Alcohol increases blood viscosity. After its accumulation in the blood, menstruation may contain large blood clots.

Video: Why blood clots form during menstruation

Causes of pathological heavy menstruation with clots

Abundant and prolonged discharge of blood during menstruation can cause iron deficiency anemia. A large loss of blood leads to a decrease in hemoglobin levels, that is, to a lack of oxygen supply to the cells of the body. Symptoms of this dangerous condition are dizziness and headache, loss of strength, pallor, and low blood pressure. This inevitably affects the production of hormones, as well as the work of the hematopoietic organs, which leads to a violation of the uniformity of the composition of monthly secretions, the appearance of clots in them.

Pathological heavy periods with clots can be a symptom of various hormonal disorders and diseases of the reproductive organs.

Signs of pathology

The fact that abundant menstruation of a heterogeneous consistency are pathological can be judged by the following signs:

1. In addition to increased blood loss during menstruation, bleeding or brown spotting is observed in the intervals between them.
2. Periods come too often (cycle duration less than 21 days) or too late (later than 35 days). It is possible to alternate long and short cycles.
3. Blood loss is 100-150 ml or more.
4. The duration of menstruation is 8 or more days.
5. Blood secretions have a pungent odor, they contain impurities of purulent mucus.
6. Menstruation is accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen.

Only after a gynecological examination and ultrasound, the doctor will be able to say what caused heavy periods.

Diseases that cause abnormal menstruation

The appearance of thick impurities in the menstrual flow may be due to the abnormal development of the endometrium, which is updated with each menstrual cycle. The reason for their formation is also damage to tissues and blood vessels, the formation of obstacles to the exit of secretions from the uterus.

Myoma of the uterus. This benign tumor develops in the muscles of the uterine wall, can grow in the direction of its outer membranes. If it fills the uterine cavity, then various cycle disorders occur. The cause is compression and damage to blood vessels, stretching of the uterus. The tumor blocks the exit from the cavity to the neck, which leads to the formation of blood clots. Abundant periods with blood clots, as well as an increase in the abdomen and pulling pains below the navel are characteristic signs of fibroids.

hyperplasia of the endometrium. The result of a hormonal failure in the body, as well as damage to the endometrium during an abortion or curettage, is a violation of its development and structure. The mucous membrane thickens, swells, its uneven exfoliation occurs. At the same time, dense particles appear in menstruation. Increased blood loss from broken vessels.

Endometriosis. The disease is associated with an increase in the volume of the endometrium inside the cavity, its germination in the tubes and ovaries, neck, and peritoneal area. In this case, all processes of the menstrual cycle are violated. Menses become profuse, come irregularly, contain particles of destroyed tissues.

Polyps in the cavity and cervix. These neoplasms are growths on the inner walls. They are easily injured when the endometrium leaves the uterus during menstruation. The volume of bloody secretions increases, they contain particles of collapsing tissues.

Cervical erosion. Damage to the mucous membranes in the area of ​​the cervical canal and at the entrance to the vagina leads to the appearance of sores and microcracks in this area. The cause of cervical erosion is its damage during childbirth, abortion, curettage of the uterine cavity. The wounds may fester. Bacteria easily penetrate the internal genital organs, causing inflammation. All this leads to a violation of the cycle and the appearance of heavy periods with clots.

Infectious diseases of the genital organs. They lead to the occurrence of inflammatory processes that cause a violation of the structure of the uterine cavity. In addition, microorganisms secrete substances that, entering the bloodstream, can change its acidity and viscosity. This causes the formation of clots.

Warning: Heavy bleeding with clots can be a sign of cancer in the uterus. Therefore, if there is a clear malaise with clots in menstruation, it is necessary to immediately undergo a gynecological examination.

The cause of pathological discharge during menstruation may be improper metabolism, diabetes mellitus, disruption of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and other organs of the endocrine system.

Video: Abundant periods with endometriosis

What to do with menstruation with clots

If there are obvious signs of pathology, then you need to contact a gynecologist. You may need to consult an endocrinologist, an oncologist. If the blood loss is too great, there are large clots, and the discharge is bright red, you need to call an ambulance. Uterine bleeding can sometimes be stopped only by complete removal of the endometrium. It is unacceptable to self-medicate, use home remedies to stop bleeding.

Every woman knows and anticipates if something goes wrong during her period. And one of the most frequent phenomena - during menstruation, the discharge goes in pieces. Why this happens, is it a norm or a pathology, which diseases can be considered harmless, and which ones can lead to serious consequences - we will consider below.

What is menstruation and the duration of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle of a woman - the period of time from the beginning of one menstruation to the beginning of another, on average (and is the norm for most women) is 28 days. It can vary greatly between women and vary, especially at a young age, since the cycle is controlled by female sex hormones.

The cycle begins on the first day of menstruation and lasts up to 7 days, while the inner lining of the uterus, the decidual layer (endometrium), is renewed, after which the body begins to produce specific hormones that serve as a signal to create a new lining of the uterus.

Then the endometrium thickens to accept the egg - this is approximately from the 14th day of menstruation. When the ovary prepares a mature egg for exit from the ovary into the fallopian tube, the period of ovulation begins (in the middle of the cycle). For a few more days, the egg moves through the fallopian tube ready for fertilization, but if the sperm does not fertilize it, it will simply dissolve.

And if the whole body is already ready for pregnancy, but it has not come, then the production of hormones decreases, the uterus rejects the endometrium, and the inner membrane exfoliates - we observe this process in the form of menstruation.

This means that discharge during menstruation is a mixture of a small amount of blood, particles of mucous tissue and endometrium. Normal menstrual flow is up to 200 ml.

A clot - what is it: why do large bloody pieces come out and how normal is it

The presence of blood clots in the discharge does not always indicate pathology. There can be many reasons for this. Every woman has a normal discharge of her own color and density.

The body is designed in such a way that during menstruation it produces special enzymes that can perform the function of anticoagulants and slow down blood clotting. When they cannot effectively cope with the task, with heavy menstruation, blood clots form. Such clotted blood, maroon in color with a jelly-like consistency and up to 10 cm long, is absolutely safe.

Also, do not worry if the clots are not accompanied by fever, severe pain and a high volume of secretions.

Clots should not bother you (for no additional reason) if:

• You are under 18;
• If less than a month has passed since the birth;
• if you have recently had an abortion, surgery, curettage, miscarriage;
• You are using intrauterine contraceptives that cause heavy discharge during menstruation;
• You know that you have an abnormal position of the uterus, which makes it difficult for blood to flow out normally, forming clots.

Also, blood clots form if a woman has been in one position for a long time, and then changed it dramatically. For example, from horizontal (during sleep, rest) or sitting (in a bus, car, office) to vertical (when walking). Thus, a woman from a stationary state passes into a mobile state, and the stagnation of blood in the uterus during calmness has time to curl up, forming clots that come out as soon as the movement begins.

This is considered the norm.

Such lumps are not a cause for concern if your normal body activity and hormonal state are not disturbed. If there are painful sensations and increased discomfort, there are reasons for concern.

Causes of menstruation with clots

Hormonal disbalance

In adolescence. When the girl's body is just starting its menstrual activity and rhythmic ovulation has not yet been established. This is the time to establish the process, this period lasts about 2 years.

Then failures of cycle duration, high sensitivity of an organism to stressful situations, any most insignificant negative factors are possible. So, the reproductive system can react with juvenile bleeding, prolonged periods of menstruation (up to 2 weeks) and blood comes out in the form of clots, like a liver.

Violations after childbirth or curettage of the uterine cavity. For a month after the birth of a child or in the case of surgery, a woman in labor may have huge bloody lumps. It is normal if, along with the discharge, there is no increase in temperature, otherwise you need to check if there are any fragments of the placenta left in the uterus.

During menopause, when the female reproductive and menstrual functions are fading (at the age of 45 years).

Hormonal imbalance is visible if it occurs dysfunction of the endocrine glands and cycle failure, then there is a huge exit with lumps of brown blood.

Often the violation occurs in women over the age of 45, during the period of perimenopause. The frequency of ovulation decreases, the amount of blood and endometrium rejected is disturbed, the discharge comes with a large number of clots.

Endometriosis and adenomyosis

Endometriosis. It is characterized by the growth of the uterine mucosa outside it, which is accompanied by painful and prolonged periods, cycle failure and an increased volume of blood that came out.

Abnormal development of the uterine mucosa (adenomyosis) through damage to its walls is accompanied by constant severe pain and large volumes of discharge with clots.

Adenomyosis affects not only the space of the main female organ, but has a chance to go to the ovaries, intestines and other organs. The appearance of endometriosis is still unclear, although it is generally accepted that “screenings” of the endometrium form on inflamed tissues. The childbearing space inside becomes like a honeycomb in painful foci.

The blood does not coagulate well, the contractile function of the organ works with disorders, and clinical intervention is required for surgical treatment.

Polyposis as a violation of the endometrium

For women after thirty years and even for those who are in the pre-menopausal age (about 50 years), discharge in the form of clots is a frequent occurrence. Endometrial polyposis (polyps) is a violation of the internal tissues of the uterine cavity. These tissues grow, covering the uterine cavity in the form of polyps, which can cause blood clots and pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation, violations of the monthly cycle through an abnormal “growth” of the uterine mucosa on the walls and its same non-systemic “removal”.

These lumps are also caused by other diseases, such as:

• Obesity- an excess of adipose tissue leads to a violation of the level of estrogen in the blood and affects the growth rate of the endometrium;
• Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease or hypertension- accompanied by an increased amount of discharge due to a violation of the metabolic process in the body;
• Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (pelvis), both internal and external: has an infectious nature, causes an inflammatory reaction, in which the main role is played by blood vessels.

Ectopic pregnancy and pathology of pregnancy

Pregnancy pathology occurs when large lumps of discharge occur in a pregnant woman (she may not be aware of her “interesting position”), this may warn of a threatened miscarriage. There are abundant bloody discharge, and menstruation is painful, with severe discomfort in the lower abdomen in the form of contractions.

An ectopic pregnancy is a very rare occurrence, but it happens that during an ectopic pregnancy small brown dark pieces stand out.

Anomalies of the female genital organs

Violations at an early stage of the individual development of the fetus, during pregnancy, can manifest themselves in the form of abnormal sexual development, and the body of the uterus can have a pathological shape. That is, when there is a discharge, the uterus functions with violations, which leads to heavy bleeding and forms lumps.

Pathology of the cervix and uterine cavity.

1. Myoma of the uterus. A benign tumor or nodes disrupts the normal “removal” of the endometrium with the onset of the menstrual cycle. In such cases, there are strong periods, they contain large clots. Such bleeding with pieces occurs as a result of menstrual irregularities, and can occur both during the day and at night.
2. Hyperplasia of the endometrium of the uterus- the most common violation, while for menstruation there are many blood clots, including dark clots. May accompany diseases such as diabetes mellitus, increased body weight or hypertension.
3. Oncological pathologies of the cervix and uterine cavity. Through the obstructed movement of blood from the uterus and blood clotting in the uterine cavity, many clots form and the menses themselves are very painful. If you do not turn to a gynecologist in time, a woman develops a mass of “comorbid” diseases in protracted forms, which are manifested by constant bleeding.
4. The presence of cystic changes in the ovary. Gynecological diseases of the ovary associated with hormonal disorders. The process is painful, especially in the middle of the menstrual period, which manifests itself in the form of a sharp pain in the lower abdomen, a delay in the cycle and vaginal bleeding between menstruation.

Taking drugs to induce menstruation

It happens that a woman self-medicates with the use of drugs like Norkolut or Dufason, which are applicable during a delay in menstruation. The appearance of menstruation occurs with abundant discharge, which is associated with an insufficient amount of progesterone. When a woman has more estrogen in her body than progesterone, it stimulates the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) to grow, it grows and an imbalance occurs.

There is a lot of endometrium, there are relatively few vessels and the cells begin to die, the vessels are exposed and bleeding begins, which can be prolonged and profuse. This leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia.

Contraceptives and the intrauterine device

Oral contraceptives can cause short-term bleeding (for example, between pills). Intrauterine device (IUD). It can be gold, silver or ordinary polymer. In 7 out of 10 cases, it causes increased bleeding, as the body perceives the coil as a foreign body.

With discharge from the uterus, it goes along with clots. Some argue that such lumps appear in connection with monthly miscarriages, but this is a fundamentally erroneous assumption, since the contraceptive is inside the uterus. To prevent the sperm from getting on the way to the egg, which means it cannot fertilize it.

Accordingly, the theory of miscarriages is absolutely unfounded. Sometimes increased menstrual flow is associated with the individual reaction of the female body to a foreign body - a spiral.

Other (additional) reasons

When and under what discharge should you consult a gynecologist

Any clots should alert the woman. You can't just ignore them.

It is necessary to contact a gynecologist for an unscheduled examination if:

• The allocation does not stop within 7 days;
• Bleeding for all days does not decrease, and has reached an amount of more than 150-200 ml;
• If bleeding occurs "at the wrong time";
• You are planning a pregnancy and trying to conceive a child: here, clots may indicate egg rejection and a possible miscarriage;
• Allocations have a sharp unusual smell or clots of a very large size;
• The discharge is accompanied by severe pain, this may indicate infectious (inflammatory) processes or hormonal failure;
• There was shortness of breath, weakness, lethargy, tachycardia, blanching of the skin, which indicates a large blood loss.

Methods for the treatment of pathological processes during menstruation

If there are huge monthly blood losses, with the formation of clots, then it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment.

1. Conservative treatment- Its purpose is to replenish the body with iron. This is the use of vitamins and iron, both through food and medication, bed rest, especially during juvenile uterine bleeding and hormonal treatment.
2. Surgical treatment- is prescribed for complex cases, such as uterine fibroids, the presence of pathological endometrium, internal septum. Occurs by scraping or hysteroresectoscopy. In the most dangerous situations or in malignant pathologies, the uterus is removed.

Summing up

The most important thing to remember is that clots can be normal if the menses are painless, do not create additional discomfort, and there are no life disorders. And if there is concern or doubt, the presence of blood clots in the form of a liver or a painful condition - make an appointment with a doctor, undergo an examination to avoid diseases that are dangerous to health.

You need to undergo a gynecological examination, including ultrasound, to exclude any pathology of the uterus, to do a general blood test to determine a sufficient number of platelets. Further, drugs will be prescribed by the attending doctor that will increase blood clotting, normalize the hormonal background (depending on which disease is detected), and in complex malignant diseases, surgical intervention is performed.

But it is better for a woman to be regularly observed by a gynecologist in order to prevent pathology, and not get rid of her advanced form.

Video - traps for women. Painful menstruation

The work of the organs of the reproductive system is very complex and depends on several factors - the presence / absence of infectious or inflammatory diseases, the use of certain vaginal and oral drugs, the psychological state of the woman, bad habits, etc. However, hormones play the main role in this matter. It is they who control the reproductive functions and the menstrual cycle, are responsible not only for the onset of menstruation, but also their nature. For example, women often notice blood clots during menstruation. Is their presence during this period the norm or indicates the development of various diseases? Let's try to figure this out.

A few words about physiology

Before talking about why blood clots come out of the vagina during menstruation, you must first talk about the processes that take place throughout the cycle.

Every month, follicles mature on the ovaries, which contain eggs. During ovulation (it occurs 12-16 days after the start of the cycle), under the influence of progesterone, the eggs are released from the follicles. When they are fertilized, pregnancy occurs, if not, the body begins to prepare for the next menstruation.

But just at the moment when the egg is released from the follicle and there is an increased production of progesterone, the uterus begins to prepare itself for the adoption of the fetal egg, during which its inner layer of the epithelium thickens. If pregnancy does not occur, the level of progesterone decreases, the abundant blood supply to the uterus stops, its “overgrown” walls cease to receive proper nutrition, die off and are rejected. And their exit from the uterus is carried out directly with menstrual blood.

And it turns out that the secret released from the vagina at the onset of menstruation contains:

• Blood.
• cervical mucus.
• Rejected epithelial layer of the uterus.

How to distinguish pathological clots from physiological ones?

The release of blood clots, similar to the liver, during menstruation often has nothing to do with pathologies. As mentioned above, the secretions contain various components that thicken them. The clot that a woman can observe is nothing more than the endometrium shedding in the uterus.

The consistency of vaginal discharge and its shade is constantly changing. The first few hours they are thick and have a brownish color, which indicates the onset of menstruation. Further, the volume of the vaginal secretion increases and it acquires a scarlet color.

As a rule, the exit of the rejected epithelium of the uterus is observed only on the first day. Further, the appearance of clots is usually observed after prolonged lying or sitting on a chair. This is due to the fact that with this position of the body, the blood begins to stagnate in the uterus, coagulate and form clots. And as soon as the woman becomes straight, they begin to come out of the uterus.

But we must not forget that heavy periods can also occur with the development of various pathological conditions. Therefore, it is very important to know the symptoms that may indicate their presence.

To get rid of menstrual blood, the uterus begins to contract, which provokes the occurrence of spasms in the smooth muscles of the organ and the appearance of pain, which are easily eliminated after taking an antispasmodic drug.

But pain, as a rule, is also observed during the development of pathologies, and therefore, with the appearance of blood clots on the gasket, they always scare women. However, you should not worry ahead of time, as there are certain symptoms that indicate the normal course of menstruation. Among them are the following:

• In the first days there is a slight swelling of the mammary glands.
• Clots released from the vagina and similar in appearance to the liver are observed only on the first day.
• Pain in the abdomen is easily eliminated with drugs.
• Vaginal discharge does not exhaust the fetid odor and does not cause irritation in the intimate area (if there is an unpleasant odor and slight reddening of the labia, this may indicate insufficient hygiene).
• Menstruation is not supplemented by an increase in temperature.
• Vaginal discharge has a homogeneous structure and its hue can be red, scarlet or brownish.

In addition, during menstruation, women experience increased appetite, irritability, and frequent mood swings. All this is quite natural and is caused by hormonal surges in the body. And in situations where menstruation is supplemented by numerous clots, a strong odor, fever, weakness, or any other unpleasant symptoms that are pronounced, you should immediately visit a doctor, as their presence indicates the development of serious diseases that require immediate treatment.

Pathological causes

If the number of clots is small, and they are observed only in the first few days of menstruation, there is nothing to worry about. But if they appear constantly and are accompanied by severe pain in the abdomen, you should not hesitate to visit the doctor.

The occurrence of blood clots is especially dangerous in cases where a woman planned a pregnancy, purposefully engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse, she had a delay and the test shows a positive result. In this case, the discovery of uterine bleeding in early pregnancy can signal a miscarriage. In this case, at first a large mucous piece that has a blue-red tint may come out of the vagina, and then small dark-colored clots can be observed.

Unfortunately, in this case, the pregnancy becomes impossible to save. However, this is not a reason to refuse to visit a specialist, since after a miscarriage a woman needs medical supervision, because she may start bleeding at any time, which will be impossible to stop at home.

Moreover, if a woman has a delay, and then begins to smear with a brown thick exudate, a painful syndrome appears in the abdomen and the temperature rises, this may indicate the development of an ectopic pregnancy, which also requires immediate medical intervention. If it is not interrupted, it will lead to serious problems - the fallopian tube may burst, which will require an emergency operation.

Menstrual blood with clots can also be released as a result of the development of pathologies. The following reasons can provoke the presence of such inclusions:

• hormonal disorders;
• ovarian cyst;
• uterine fibroids;
• endometriosis;
• erosion;
• polyposis;
• thrombosis.

Hormonal disorders

In this case, women experience both prolonged and abundant, and scanty thick periods. This is due to the fact that in violation of the synthesis of hormones, a failure occurs in the menstrual cycle. Frequent delays lead to a strong thickening of the endometrium of the uterus, which causes not only the appearance of blood clots, but also the occurrence of congestion, after which there is profuse bleeding.

As a rule, in these cases, clots are permanent, and their presence is often accompanied by pain in the abdomen. It is not worth delaying the treatment of hormonal disorders, as this can lead not only to problems with conceiving a child, but also to the development of other diseases.

It is a hollow formation that forms on the surface or inside the appendage and contains serous fluid. In most cases, these teratomas resolve on their own. The exit of their walls is observed just at the time of menstruation, which causes dark clots in the vaginal discharge.

Important! Cysts don't just appear. Most often they occur due to hormonal disorders. And until the negative factor is eliminated, cysts will appear again and again, and this will lead to a violation of the functionality of the ovaries.

A benign neoplasm that leads to congestion in the organ cavity. As a result of this, the blood begins to clot before it exits, which causes clots to form.

Important! With this disease in women, as a rule, menstruation takes a long time. At the same time, they are accompanied by cramps and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen.

Uterine fibroids are treated only by surgical intervention, which can be carried out both laparotomically and laparoscopically. If left untreated, this disease can lead to cancer.

endometriosis

It is characterized by pathological growth of the inner epithelial lining of the uterus beyond its limits, which is also rejected when the level of progesterone in the body decreases. Moreover, with endometriosis, many women often have brown spotting outside of menstruation, which is complemented by unpleasant pulling pains in the abdomen.

Important! Endometriosis can also lead to the development of cancer and infertility, and therefore you should not delay its treatment.

When this pathology develops, an ulcer forms on the cervical canal, which tends to grow, affecting healthy cells. The body tries to fight this phenomenon and begins to get rid of the damaged epithelium, which leads to the formation of clots.

If abundant periods are noted, too many clots are observed in them, and discomfort occurs in the abdomen, this may mean the development of polyposis, in which numerous polyps appear on the inner epithelial layer of the uterus. This disease cannot be ignored, as it can lead to a violation of the cycle, problems of conceiving a child and oncology.

This pathology is characterized by the formation of blood clots in the vessels, which lead to impaired blood circulation. If it arose in the veins of the small pelvis, then this can lead to a violation of the blood circulation of the uterus and rejection of its internal epithelium.

Important! The disease is considered a dangerous pathology, since if a blood clot breaks off and reaches the heart muscle through the bloodstream, this is hello to death.

Other reasons

Such changes in the nature of menstruation can also be provoked by such factors:

• Intrauterine device.
• Abrupt withdrawal of oral contraceptives.
• Stress.

More often, the appearance of clots occurs as a result of the fact that a woman began to take oral contraceptives, and then abruptly stopped doing this, which leads to hormonal disruptions. Against this background, the vaginal secret radically changes its character. It can stretch, be slimy, thick or liquid, and also have a different shade (brown, red, pink) and contain clots. Moreover, such discharge can appear a week before menstruation and earlier.

When installing the IUD, severe trauma to the mucous cervical canals occurs. Therefore, after its introduction, spotting is noted and clots may well be present in their composition. If they do not go away within a few days and severe abdominal pain is observed, then this may indicate the development of inflammation in the cervical canal, which requires immediate medical therapy. Folk remedies in such a situation are not recommended, as they are ineffective and can cause the progression of inflammation and the further development of cervicitis.

Psychological factors also play an important role and can affect not only the duration of the menstrual cycle, but also the nature of the discharge, provoking the appearance of clotted blood in them.

You need to understand that there are a lot of reasons for the appearance of clots during menstruation. And to make sure that there are no pathologies, it is necessary to visit a doctor.