How not to bring phosphate in the urine to phosphate kidney stones. Video on the topic. Causes of appearance in children

If the kidneys function normally, then phosphates in the urine and other salts are not observed. If the results of the analysis showed the presence of phosphates, then this condition in medicine is called phosphaturia. Why do phosphates appear in urine and why is phosphaturia dangerous for humans?

Phosphates in the urine, what does it mean? If phosphates were found in the urine sediment once, then the analysis is not considered indicative. However, if the salt sediment is impressive and appears in the urine constantly, then this is a symptom. pathological process. The cause may be disorders of the gastrointestinal tract or improper functioning of the kidneys.

Amorphous phosphates are salts of phosphorus. They appear in urine with the same type or unbalanced diet. Therefore, phosphates are often found in urinalysis in vegetarians. The same result will be observed in persons who often drink Coca-Cola. The composition of this drink includes phosphoric acid, which increases the level of salt sediment in urine. The reasons for the presence of phosphates in the urine are associated not only with nutrition, but also with such points as:

• inactive lifestyle;
• diabetes;
• tumor of lymphocytes;
• frequent consumption of vegetable and dairy products;
• avitaminosis.

Pregnant women often experience phosphaturia. Amorphous phosphates in the urine during pregnancy appear with toxicosis, which is accompanied by vomiting and nausea. If phosphaturia is caused by toxicosis or the same type of diet, then you should not worry. However, in some cases, phosphaturia in a pregnant woman can be observed in the presence of concomitant diseases urinary system (pyelonephritis). The pregnant woman must pass ultrasound examination and consult a neurologist, since the presence of phosphates in the urine may be a precursor to formation in the kidneys.

Therapy during pregnancy depends on the underlying cause. In the absence of diseases of the urinary system, a woman is prescribed therapeutic diet and walking, which will improve the outflow of urine.

Amorphous phosphates in the urine of a child are not uncommon. Before sounding the alarm, you need to adjust the baby's nutrition. It is necessary to exclude fish, plant foods, milk and foods rich in calcium. Phosphates in the urine of a child can lead to the formation of stones in the urinary tract. As a rule, such formations are soft, so it is quite difficult to remove them from the body.

Phosphaturia in children may be a symptom of phosphate diabetes. it genetic disease, which is associated with a deficiency of enzymes responsible for the absorption of phosphates in renal tubules. Pathology can be recognized by deformed joints and twisted limbs.

Symptoms such as nausea, insomnia, weakness, fast fatiguability, loss of appetite, feeling of fear and bad smell from the mouth go unnoticed and many attribute them to stress and lack of sleep. However, such symptoms indicate the presence of phosphaturia. They cannot be ignored, as the disease progresses and more serious symptoms will appear at the next stage.

When stones appear nagging pain in the lumbar region, frequent urges for emptying Bladder, pain when urinating. Urine becomes cloudy. Frequent urination removes calcium from the body. With a lack of calcium, complications such as:

1. Osteoporosis. Bones become brittle. One accidental blow can lead to the formation of cracks or fracture of bones.
2. Caries. The condition of the teeth is rapidly deteriorating.
3. Dry skin.
4. Slow development and growth in children.

What are Tripel Phosphates?

Among all types of stones in the kidneys - tripelphosphates, according to urologists, are the most dangerous. Tripel phosphates or struvites - appear as a result of multiple pathological reactions, in which the natural composition of the blood changes, the level of salts increases and the volume of fluid decreases. During crystallization, formations are formed that are characterized by an "aggressive" characteristic.

The impetus for the formation of tripelphosphates or infectious calculi is sharp increase concentration of ammonium salts. Such changes are observed in the presence of inflammation in the body. Tripelphosphates, as a rule, are localized in the renal pelvis and calyces. Stones have a smooth surface. Tripelphosphates grow rapidly and can reach impressive sizes. They injure the mucous membrane of the urinary tract, which causes hematuria. If the problem is ignored, the formations grow and fill the entire intrarenal system.

Phosphate crystal compounds are formed by the action of infections and bacteria, so this condition is accompanied by chills, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, difficulty urinating, fever and nausea. With these symptoms, you should consult a doctor and undergo an examination. Diagnosis consists of laboratory and instrumental research. The patient must pass a general blood and urine test, bacteriological culture urine and undergo an ultrasound and x-ray of the pelvic organs.

Medical therapy consists of antibiotics, antiviral drugs and acetohydroxamic acid. This therapy is aimed at fighting viruses. Since tripelphosphates are formed due to inflammation and when exposed to a urinary tract infection, it is recommended to follow a diet, personal hygiene rules, and healthy lifestyle life and quit smoking and alcohol.

Types of treatment

Treatment for phosphaturia has one goal - to prevent the formation phosphate stones in the kidneys. To this end, physicians prescribe complex treatment which includes:

• drug therapy;
• crushing stones;
• folk remedies;
• diet therapy.

Conservative treatment involves taking medicines that help remove muscle spasm, stop pain and eliminate concomitant infectious diseases. If phosphates were found in the urine of a woman, then she must pass additional examination at the gynecologist and urologist. Based on the data obtained, doctors adjust the treatment, taking into account the patient's condition.

If a drug therapy does not bring results, then doctors resort to radical ways treatment. Surgery allows you to remove the stone. A non-surgical method of treatment - lithotripsy - has become widespread. Phosphorus stones are destroyed by ultrasound.

You can supplement the treatment with folk remedies. With phosphaturia, decoctions based on oat straw, mint, lingonberry leaves and rowan berries are considered useful. However, before using them, you should consult your doctor, as some drugs can cause an allergic reaction.

Prevention of phosphaturia:

• physical exercises (give preference to jumping, walking and running);
• periodically take a urine test;
• do not overcool;
• if you experience pain in the lumbar region, consult a doctor;
• drink at least 2.5 liters of fluid per day.

Health food

With phosphates in the urine, doctors prescribe a special diet. The goal of diet therapy is:

• decrease in urine pH;
• decreased production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach;
• normalization of phosphorus and calcium metabolism;
• decreased excitability of the CNS.

The diet for phosphaturia is aimed at increasing the acidity of urine, so doctors recommend drinking as much liquid as possible. The average daily fluid intake is 2-3 liters. An acidifying effect is provided by cranberry and lingonberry juice, grape and apple juice.

With a high content of phosphates, doctors prescribe diet table No. 14. This diet was developed by nutritionists. It includes requirements for products, methods of cooking and the frequency of its intake. Diet number 14 is a mono-diet. A balanced diet improves physical and psycho-emotional state person.

Alkaline foods are replaced with acidic ones. To alkaline products applies: cottage cheese, unpolished rice, butter, apples, watermelon, onion, cabbage, apricots. Also banned are smoked meats, asparagus, mushrooms, pastries, canned food, spicy seasonings, and especially fish, which is rich in phosphorus. Alcoholic and carbonated drinks, kvass, black coffee are prohibited. To increase the acidity of urine, it is recommended to eat: meat, cereals, pasta, spinach, tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers. From sweets, you can use honey, confectionery, popsicles. As for drinks, it is considered useful green tea, rosehip decoction.

With normally functioning kidneys, there is a minimum salt content in the urine. If, during the analysis, amorphous phosphates are found in the urine, this does not mean at all that you have some kind of disease. Often such salts appear in the urine due to malnutrition. To treat this condition, it is enough to correct daily diet nutrition. However, in some cases, the presence of these salts in urine can indicate one of several ailments.

The reasons

Phosphates in the urine can appear with a sharp change in diet, that is, the transition from one type of food to another. The risk group includes vegetarians who refuse to use too abruptly. meat products. As a result, the acidity of urine decreases, and phosphates appear in it.

If you often and regularly drink Coca-Cola, then you will find a similar result after you pass a urine test. The thing is that this drink contains a high concentration of phosphoric acid. Because of it, the number of phosphate salts in the urine increases.

If you have phosphates in your urine, the reasons for this may be the following:

• hyperparathyroidism contributes to an increase in the concentration of calcium in the urine;
• long process of urine filtration;
• excess salty food;
• tumors;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• regular use in in large numbers dairy and vegetable food;
• drinking a lot of chocolate and coffee;
• diabetes;
• lack of vitamins A and D.

During pregnancy

If amorphous phosphates are found in the urine during pregnancy, then the woman is diagnosed with phosphaturia. At the same time, there is no cause for concern, since this phenomenon occurs quite often in pregnant women.

The presence of phosphates in urine is observed during early and late toxicosis of pregnant women. Besides, given state can be caused by a sharp change in diet, which often happens during pregnancy, when a woman with toxicosis ( frequent nausea and vomiting) switches to other foods or even eats something of the same type that does not cause nausea in her.

In most cases, phosphaturia during pregnancy is considered physiological state, which occurs under the action of progesterone, relaxing muscle tissues. Because of this, stagnation of urine and accumulation of salts in the kidneys occur. To improve the outflow of urine, a woman is advised to walk more and walk more often. After that, it is advisable to retake the tests. If the salts have not disappeared, additional examinations are needed.

However, toxemia and changes in diet are not always the causes of phosphaturia during pregnancy. Sometimes it is a symptom of some ailments:

1. Along with these salts in the urine, disturbances in the activity of the urinary system can be observed.
2. It may also indicate the presence of stones in the kidneys.

Important: if phosphates are detected in the urine of a pregnant woman, then she must be sent for a consultation with a nephrologist and an ultrasound scan.

In childhood

The presence of phosphates in the urine of a child may be due to nutritional habits, insufficient kidney function, or changes in the acidity of the urine. Two pluses opposite the line with phosphate indicators are considered normal, but three pluses or more indicate pathology. In this case, the baby should be carefully examined.

When found in a child's urine amorphous phosphates it is necessary to normalize his drinking regimen. The baby should drink more fluids, eat dairy products, vegetables and flour products. The menu should contain enough foods containing vitamin A and B. From the diet of the child, food rich in vitamins of group D (caviar, fish liver, dairy products, buckwheat, alkaline mineral water). The kid should drink at least a liter of pure non-carbonated water per day.

The main risk of phosphaturia is the formation of stones in the kidneys. Since they have a soft porous structure, it is difficult to remove them from the kidneys. That is why the baby's menu should be balanced. The child should not be allowed to drink carbonated drinks (especially Coca-Cola).

Phosphate Nutrition

If you have amorphous phosphates in your urine, what does this mean, we figured it out. In most cases, it is enough to adjust the diet. The following foods should be present in your daily diet:

• cereal porridge;
• legumes and cereals;
• lean meat and fish;
• vegetables in limited quantities;
• drinking plenty of water (at least 2 liters per day);
• berries (preferably sour);
• weak tea or coffee.

The following products should be excluded from the menu:

• any alcoholic drinks;
• all kinds of sweets;
• pickles;
• smoking;
• confectionery and bakery products;
• marinades;
• fatty food;
• milk;
• dairy products;
• cocoa.

calories daily ration should not exceed 2500 kcal. At the same time, proteins account for 70 g, fat - 80 g, and carbohydrates - 400 g. The patient must take multivitamin preparations. Comprehensive treatment is carried out, which includes drug therapy, diet food and proper drinking regimen.

Accompanying illnesses

Phosphate salts in the urine can be detected in such diseases:

1. Phosphate diabetes is hereditary disease, which is associated with enzymatic pathology. The body does not have enough enzymes that are responsible for the absorption of phosphates in the kidneys. As a result, the amount of these substances in the blood decreases and increases in the urine. Signs of this disease are deformity of the joints and curvature of the limbs.
2. Hyperphosphatemia is a disease in which the body is increased content phosphates.
3. Syndrome de Tony-Debre-Fanconi- This is also a hereditary disease, which is similar to rickets and is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of phosphates in the blood.
4. ICD - with this disease, stones from phosphate salts are deposited in the kidneys.
5. Hypophosphatemia is an ailment characterized by malabsorption of phosphate. This condition is observed with malfunctions in the activity of the intestines and the use of excessive amounts of alcohol.

Symptoms

No symptoms other than cloudy urine similar condition will not. However, if this condition is not treated and the diet is not adjusted, then the following symptoms may join over time:

• increased urination;
• there are aching pains in the lower back, which increase with exertion;
• pain can radiate to lower part abdomen and sides;
• nausea and vomiting may occur;
• there is bloating;
• deceptive urge to urinate becomes more frequent;
• colic.

Treatment

In the course of treatment, the only important goal is to prevent phosphate salts from forming calculi in the kidneys and urinary tract. Since phosphates are formed in the urine with alkaline environment, you need to try to adjust the diet so that the urine becomes acidic or neutral.

Methods of treatment in the presence of phosphate salts in the urine:

1. Medical therapy is not always justified. Usually, such treatment is prescribed only in the presence of stones in the kidneys. Such stones can be dissolved and removed with the help of medicines. If this does not help, they resort to more radical methods - surgical intervention.
2. You can use the method of lithotripsy - crushing stones.
3. Often folk remedies help to achieve good results.
4. unchanged and important point any treatment is proper diet which the doctor will help to choose.

Prevention

The following recommendations can be used as a prevention of phosphaturia:

• Eat smoked, salty and spicy only occasionally and in a small amount. If phosphate salts appear in the urine, then such food should be completely abandoned.
• Drink at least 2.5 liters per day clean water without gas. It is useful to drink sour berry fruit drinks and juices that will help change the acidity of urine. In the heat, the volume of liquid can be even greater. From the use of alkaline mineral waters must be completely abandoned.
• If phosphate salts appear in the urine, then you can drink diuretics herbal preparations. For these purposes, you can use both ready-made pharmacy fees, and prepared independently on the basis of folk recipes.
• It is important to avoid hypothermia and not stay for a long time in a damp, cold place.
• Periodically it is necessary to take urine tests to monitor the presence of phosphate salts.
• If you begin to feel pain in lumbar region, urgently go to the doctor so as not to miss dangerous diseases.

Do not panic if you find phosphates in your urine. This does not mean that you have a dangerous disease. But the problem should not be completely neglected. If you notice that your urine has become cloudy or has changed color, be sure to get tested and visit a doctor. Most likely, it will be enough to adjust your daily diet for everything to return to normal. If you eat right, do not abuse alcohol, start moving enough and periodically take tests, you will avoid dangerous consequences phosphaturia.

A person bears some diseases for years, not even knowing about their existence. Truth, Attentive attitude to your well-being and health helps to recognize the danger in time. For example, the cloudy color of urine signals the presence of phosphates in its composition and, as a result, the development of a disease called phosphaturia.

It's time to get confused and panic, because not each of us clearly understands what phosphates and how exactly these substances affect the body. But, as you know, you need to know the enemy in person: for successful treatment disease, you need to collect as much information about it as possible.

Phosphates in the urine - dangerous or not

Like others minerals Phosphorus is of particular value to humans. So, enough This element ensures healthy activity of the muscles (including the heart), as well as the brain. Phosphorus is fundamental structural element phospholipid cells, and also takes part in all processes of multilevel metabolism and in the synthesis of molecules of some enzymes.

You should not be afraid of a deficiency of phosphorus in the body - in the course of research it was reliably established that together with food we get this substance in excess every day. Many of us can not always resist a sandwich with sausage, sausages, canned food and sweet soda. And meanwhile, all this food is different high content phosphates. The harm of excessively incoming phosphates is obvious - on this basis, the processes of assimilation of such important substances for health as calcium, magnesium and iron are disrupted in the body.

In addition to eating foods rich in phosphates, The Medicine Lists other causes of phosphaturia:

• a sharp change in diet (strict long-term diet, vegetarianism);
• regular consumption of foods high level phosphorus content;
• disorder of the exchange of inorganic elements;
• pregnancy.

Features of the diagnosis of phosphaturia

Phosphaturia as a symptom

Phosphate diabetes is a pathology caused by a genetic breakdown. The problem lies in the violation of the metabolism of enzymes, with the participation of which phosphates are absorbed in the renal tubules. As a result of the disease, urine is saturated large quantity crystals while the blood loses them. The disease manifests itself from childhood and is expressed by curvature of the limbs and deformity of the joints.

• Syndrome de Tony-Debre-Fanconi. it congenital disease is inherited. Against the background of a decrease in the amount of phosphates, it develops like rickets.
• Hypophosphatemia. The disease develops when phosphates are not fully absorbed by the body. In most cases, the cause of this disorder lies in the abuse of alcohol and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Hyperphosphatemia. The main symptom of the disease is an excess of phosphates in the body.
• . The pathology is based on the formation of kidney stones due to the presence of phosphates and other salts in the urine.

Phosphate in urine during pregnancy

Development of symptoms of phosphaturia

How to solve a problem

Medical therapy for initial stage disease is not yet justified. Tablets are used in case of formation of kidney stones. The first thing to change in such a situation is to review and adjust your diet. It is best to discuss the specifics of the new diet with your doctor, since the diet for each patient will be individual. For example, a child who is found to have phosphate in their urine is likely to be given regular vitamin D supplementation and constant control salt content in urine.

Absolutely all people who are faced with such a phenomenon need to enrich their daily diet with grains and legumes, cereals from all kinds of cereals, lean meat and fish. At the same time, you can not get carried away with vegetables and sour berries. Drinking should be plentiful, but the water reserves in the body must be replenished by plain water forgetting for a while about coffee and strong tea.

The list of prohibited foods for phosphaturia includes alcoholic beverages, sweets and other sweets, pastries, smoked and salty dishes, "milk" with a high percentage fat content. Food should be divided into 5-6 small portions per day, and the total calorie content should be about 2500 kcal.

Prevention of the appearance of salts in the urine

• eat properly and balanced, giving preference natural products;
• try to drink about 2.5 liters of water per day. In hot summer you need to drink even more;
• protect yourself from hypothermia;
• from time to time donate urine for analysis as part of general examination organism;
• do not neglect lower back pain if you do not know the cause of their origin. Go to the doctor right away;
• give up alcohol and cigarettes.

It happens that when taking tests, phosphates are detected, you should not sound the alarm, since this can only be a sign of malnutrition.

But in some cases, amorphous phosphates indicate the presence of a disease.

The impetus for the emergence of phosphates is a sharp transition from one food to another. Vegetarians are more at risk because abrupt refusal from meat products in the body, acidity decreases, which leads to the appearance of phosphates in urine.

Similar result after laboratory research expects people often drinking Coca-Cola. It contains a large amount of phosphoric acid, which increases the number of salts.

In addition to nutrition, the following points may play a role in the formation of phosphates: increased calcium in urine due to hyperparathyroidism.

• tumor of lymphocytes;
• high concentration of salts;
• long formation of urine;
• frequent consumption of dairy and vegetable products;
• passive lifestyle;
• regular consumption of coffee drinks, chocolate;
• a lack of beneficial vitamins(A, D);
• the presence of diabetes.

Amorphous phosphates in the urine during pregnancy

If during pregnancy a urinalysis gives results indicating the presence of phosphates, a diagnosis of phosphaturia is made. There is no serious reason for concern, since this is a fairly common occurrence for women in position.

The presence of salts in the urine occurs during the period of toxicosis in the early and most later dates. In addition, the diet of a pregnant woman at the beginning of gestation changes greatly when compared with the previous products consumed.

The expectant mother often suffers from nausea and vomiting, abruptly switches to another diet, or simply eats something of the same type for a long time.

In the presence of phosphates, not only toxicosis and nutrition can be provocateurs. Phosphaturia accompanies several diseases, often related to pregnant women.

We are talking about disorders in the urinary system. Also, salts (amorphous phosphates in the urine) can be precursors of formations in the kidneys.

Therefore, the gynecologist, together with other specialists, should identify and stop in time inflammatory processes pregnant woman.

If phosphate stones are found in urine, future mother sent to ultrasound procedure and a consultation with a nephrologist.

Phosphaturia in the process of gestation is assessed as a physiological phenomenon. Every woman in position increases progesterone, which has a relaxing effect on muscle tissue. Against this background, stagnation of urine occurs, and salts accumulate. To improve the outflow of urine, a pregnant woman is advised to walk more.

After the detection of phosphates, you will need to re-analyze. This is necessary for the accuracy of the information. If the salts have not disappeared, it is unequivocally assigned additional research kidneys.

In children

Often, salt crystals are found in the urine of a child who visits Kindergarten. This moment is related to nutrition, part-time work kidney functionality, with an unstable pH level.

If two pluses are indicated in the urine results form in the salt point, the doctor will consider this indicator as normal. If more, then phosphates "walk" and it is worth starting to carefully study the health of the baby.

If amorphous phosphates are found in the urine of a child, it is necessary to include in his diet more liquids, dairy products, vegetables and flour products. It is also necessary to replenish the menu with products that contain vitamins of groups B and A.

exclude food, rich in vitamin D. Do not eat a lot of fish and foods containing calcium. This includes dairy products and fish. It is recommended to drink at least three liters per day.

At baby amorphous phosphates in the urine in large quantities are observed due to malnutrition. It can also be a sign of diseases in the pelvic organs.

The risk of phosphaturia is that stones may appear in urinary tract. These formations are soft and with a porous surface, so it is difficult to remove them from the body.

In children, such phenomena are common, but in most cases they are not dangerous.

A urine test will indicate natural process in the presence of a small amount of phosphates, or it will confirm the disease that has arisen against this background. For example, if a child began to eat more plant foods, salts will be found in the composition of urine. But this is not a pathology, but the norm. Phosphates tend to appear due to a radical decrease in acidic products.

Amorphous deposits can quickly disappear if there is a sharp transition to the use of meat products. Many body processes depend on the coordinated work of enzyme systems.

If the diet contains a lot of fish, milk and plant foods, this is noticeable by an increase in phosphate in the urine.

There is no need to sound the alarm, it is better to adjust the menu. You can eat your usual food as before, but be sure to exclude carbonated drinks.

In particular, this moment affects Coca-Cola. She renders Negative influence not only on the body of a child, but also on an adult. Violates internal processes with orthophosphoric acid in its composition. It significantly exceeds the amount of salts in urine.

It is extremely important in the presence of phosphates to find valid reason their appearance. If the doctor said that the child does not have rickets, it will be recommended to change the diet. Despite the safety and harmlessness of the condition, there is still treatment and prevention.

Diet when phosphate is detected

In the diet in the presence of phosphates in the urine, two lists must be followed. The first lists the foods that you can eat, the second those that should be excluded.

Foods allowed are:

• cereals and various cereals;
• lean meats;
• limited amount of vegetables;
• fish in moderation;
• berries (strawberries, gooseberries);
• plentiful drink;
• weak tea.

The prohibited list includes products such as:

• alcoholic drinks;
• sweets;
• flour products;
• smoked meats;
• pickles;
• fatty milk, cottage cheese;
• cocoa.

The daily dose of proteins should be 70 grams, 400 carbohydrates. Fats should not exceed 80. Multivitamins are required. Treatment is complex. The therapeutic course includes drug therapy, balanced diet and established drinking regime.

If insoluble salts are found in the urine, a dietary table No. 14 is set for nutrition. This mode creates conditions that prevent the formation of phosphorus-calcium salts. Therefore, the diet contains meat, fish and pasta.

Diet number 14 involves the restriction of potatoes, berries and vegetables. Greens and eggs also need to be limited, but you can’t do without them at all. It is undesirable to use foods that help secrete gastric juice, these are pickles, rich broths, fried foods. You can not drink stimulating drinks, it's coffee, alcohol.

Phosphates, together with urine, are excreted by the use of a large amount of liquid, but the condition of the heart and blood vessels should be taken into account.

Related video

By the composition of urine, one can judge which elements the body retains for its own purposes, and which it removes. This process is not always physiologically justified. In diseases of the urinary system, a violation of the filtration function is possible, followed by a loss of protein, red blood cells, and glucose.

An increase in the breakdown of biochemical compounds leads to the appearance of salts in the urine - oxalates, urates and phosphates. The appearance of phosphates in the urine always requires clarification of the cause. If salts in the urine test are a fickle phenomenon, then it can be associated with dietary excesses and the body's desire to remove an unnecessary amount of phosphorus.

Upon detection increased amount in several repeated studies, it is necessary to seriously think about the causes of the problem. Violations of phosphorus-calcium metabolism create favorable conditions for the multiplication of pathological bacteria in the urine, lead to urolithiasis. The presence of phosphate salts in the urine should be considered as a warning signal of future pathology.

How are phosphates formed?

Phosphates - chemical substances, which are formed in nature as a result of the reaction of phosphoric acid with alkaline solutions enter the body mainly with food. Phosphorus is a valuable element. Up to 85% of phosphates are in bone tissues, teeth. The rest is accounted for by:

• muscles (including myocardium);
• medulla;
• RNA and DNA of every cell.

For physiological action, phosphorus must necessarily be associated with calcium, only together they provide:

• the process of muscle contraction;
• protein synthesis and vital enzymes.

What are "amorphous phosphates"?

Amorphous (am) phosphates is a salt precipitate that does not form into crystals. They do not have a typical structure, but can form stones.

Phosphates are more common in children under five years of age and during pregnancy.

If amorphous phosphates in the urine are determined in pregnant women and children, this means that the main reason is:

• immaturity of metabolic processes;
• temporary hormonal changes causing a decrease in the acidity of urine.

Amorphous phosphates in urine are associated with alkaline reaction urine. It often occurs when:

• lack of animal protein in the diet (vegetarianism);
• drinking alkaline mineral water.

In the diet, protein norms must be observed for:

• adults - 1–1.2 g / kg of body weight;
• children - 3-4 g / kg.

Pathophysiological mechanisms of phosphorus metabolism disorders

The retention of phosphorus compounds in the blood occurs in primary departments(proximal) renal tubules. With urine, up to 12% of phosphates are excreted through filters. With a large amount, excretion is enhanced.

Hormones activate reverse suction phosphates:

• pituitary somatotropic hormone;
• thyroxine;
• cholecalciferol.

Calcium retention is affected by:

• thyrocalcitonin;
• parathormone;
• calcitriol.

Accordingly, they contribute to the excretion of phosphorus into the urine (phosphaturia).

Why does phosphaturia occur?

The causes of phosphaturia can be physiological factors:

• a sharp decrease in the amount of protein food in the diet (vegetarianism), various restrictive diets;
• passion for seafood, fish;
• abuse of fast food, synthetic food additives, canned foods;
• the state of pregnancy in women;
• deacidification gastric juice due to the use of a significant amount of water in the heat - when alkalized, phosphorus actively forms compounds with acidic residues, salt conglomerates or stones appear in the urine.

Learn more about education phosphate salts in the urine and danger to the expectant mother is possible.

Pathological causes observed at:

• poisoning with phosphorus compounds;
• fluid loss from frequent vomiting and diarrhea;
• de Toni-Debre-Fanconi disease ( congenital pathology renal tubules)
• acidosis of the renal tubules with inflammation;
• decrease in filtration rate and stagnation in the glomeruli of the kidneys (more salts are formed) in chronic renal failure;
• fluctuations in the content of phosphorus in the blood;
• urolithiasis;
• chronic or severe acute inflammation Bladder;
• hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands.

Causes of Phosphaturia Specific to Children

With phosphates in the urine found in the analysis of a child, first of all, the question arises to parents about proper nutrition. Perhaps children use a lot of:

• sweet soda;
• milk and fermented milk products(yogurt, cottage cheese);
• salinity and preservatives;
• fast food.

Until the age of five, phosphates form and are determined inconsistently. It is very important to notice regular phosphaturia in children in time. It may mean that:

• hereditary pathology - phosphate-diabetes;
• rickets.

Manifestations of rickets in children are found on the x-ray

Treatment of this disease will require:

• special diet;
• taking vitamin D for replacement purposes;
• monitoring the presence of amorphous phosphates in the urine every 2 weeks.

What are the signs of phosphaturia?

Phosphorus in urine is determined only laboratory methods. But you can suspect phosphaturia by the following signs:

• urine becomes cloudy, small flakes are visible in the sediment;
• a person has intermittent dysuric phenomena (increased urge to urinate, cramps);
• in the lumbar region, perhaps a feeling of heaviness or unilateral pain;
• pain is associated with physical activity, irradiation in the groin;
• gases accumulate in the intestines and bloating, spastic pains are observed;
• nausea occurs, vomiting is possible.

How to find out about phosphate stones?

The process of formation of stones in the urinary system is called urolithiasis. It precedes nephrolithiasis. Phosphate urolithiasis is suspected when a high concentration of amorphous phosphate is detected in the urine sediment.

When conducting general analysis in the conclusion, the nature of the salts must also be indicated. Yes, in acidic environment oxalates and urates are formed, and in alkaline - phosphates. They look under the microscope as small "heaps" or completely cover the entire field of view. For more detailed analysis the doctor prescribes the collection of daily urine.

The formation of large phosphate stones can be confirmed by renal ultrasonography.

How to collect urine for the determination of phosphates?

To perform a quantitative analysis for salts (not only phosphates, but also of other origin), daily urine is needed. To obtain reliable information, you will have to follow a few rules:

• refrain from eating a week before harvest spicy dishes, canned food, smoked meats, sweets, alcohol, carbonated drinks;
• prepare glass jar the desired volume, rinse it well and rinse with boiling water;
• start collecting material from 6 o'clock in the morning with a complete emptying of the bladder;
• before each urination, wash the external genitalia well with soap, make sure that soap solution did not hit the bank;
• store the container with urine in a dark, cool place in a closed state (but not in the refrigerator);
• the next day at 6 o'clock the collection stops;
• urine in a jar is gently shaken;
• pour about 100 ml of urine into another small sterile container (you can buy it at a pharmacy) and close it with a tight lid;
• on the reverse side directions to write the total volume of urine excreted per day;
• the jar must always be closed with a lid, since the substances contained in the urine are oxidized in the air;
• to the opening medical institution the analysis must be delivered to the laboratory; it is not recommended to store it even for several hours.

Do not forget to sign the container, put down the date

How to identify the relationship of phosphaturia with nutrition?

If phosphates appear in the urine in response to alkalization with food, then they can be eliminated with the help of a special diet. From the diet you need to exclude everything that contributes to the alkaline reaction:

• alcohol in any form, carbonated water;
• products from sour milk(cottage cheese, yogurt, curdled milk);
• all sweets and confectionery;
• fatty meat and fish;
• rich meat broths;
• salo;
• butter and animal fat;
• sausages;
• chips, crackers with added flavorings;
• reduce salt intake to 2 g per day, while taking into account salting during cooking.

Chips contain synthetic flavors, preservatives that increase appetite, negatively affecting the body

• for drinking - rosehip broth, weak coffee or tea, fresh unsweetened juices;
• the use of cereals for making cereals;
• legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
• boiled potatoes;
• squash vegetables (cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin);
• carrot;
• bell pepper;
• meat and fish of low-fat varieties;
• eggs and cheese limited;
• increase the volume of consumed fruits and berries (apples, plums, grapes, currants, figs);
• eat a handful of nuts daily.

The duration of the diet is from one to two weeks. After that, you need to re-pass the analysis of daily urine. If phosphates are not found, then further control salt balance the patient will be able to use the restrictions of certain products. If phosphaturia is confirmed again, you should consult your doctor about the necessary measures.

How is the treatment carried out?

Phosphaturia therapy is considered as, chronic inflammation kidneys, urethra, bladder.

Patients who are convinced of the benefits of vegetarianism have to prove and justify the harm done, explain why a transition to a varied diet is required.

Examination of the patient for hormones shows whether there is an effect of an altered balance. If hormonal changes are detected, then the endocrinologist prescribes maintenance replacement treatment.

With existing kidney diseases with symptoms of insufficient filtration, dialysis helps in therapy.

Babies may be associated with vitamin D deficiency. They are prescribed vitamin drops, walks in the sun.

For any reason, it is useful to observe drinking regime, the patient needs to flush out the accumulated salts from the urinary system. Therefore, it is recommended to drink up to 2.5 liters of water per day.

The detection of phosphates in a random analysis should not go unnoticed. To prevent subsequent diseases of the urinary organs, the patient must know what threatens him with salt in the urine. Doctor's advice, diet can get rid of serious problems in future.