What are the floors for a log house. How to make floors in a log house. Methods and rules for installing floor and ceiling logs in a log house. Brief description of a wooden floor for a log house

Wooden housing construction has always been popular in our country. Despite the constantly emerging newfangled technologies for individual housing construction, wooden architecture continues to occupy a leading position in the private sector for the construction of log houses.

Competition of rounded and chopped log cabins

The dispute over which log house is better, a round log log house or a chopped log house, has no resolution. There are opinions that chopped log cabins are warmer, although the warmth of a log cabin depends on the type of interlocking of logs and on the quality of assembly. It is believed that the log house is easier to assemble, although the factory production of logs does not guarantee their exact fit during collection.

The question of which log house http://domizbrevna.com is better, chopped or rounded, or maybe a log house from a bar, can be answered by time, the quality of the log assembly and compliance with construction technologies.

Overlappings in the structure of the log house

A log cabin is a structure made of logs laid in crowns and fastened together with interlocking joints, cut down at the edges and along the length of the logs. By itself, the construction of the log house is quite strong. Locks and longitudinal grooves in the logs firmly bind the frame, preventing the frame from falling apart.

However, the weight of the log house itself is only a small part of the loads present in the log house. The roof with its truss system exerts a large load on the log house, and the load on the floors of the floors, attic or attic of the house.

Overlapping is called an element of the building structure of the house, evenly distributing vertical loads on the floors of different levels of the house.

In addition to distributing the load, ceilings are made in such a way as to create an artificial barrier for the penetration of noise, cold, and heat escape between the levels (floors) of the house.

Considering the latter, it becomes clear that the overlap between floors should not be heat-insulating, only noise insulation is enough. But, the overlap of the first and last floor, it is better to do with layers of noise and heat insulation.

Particular attention is paid to the layers of the first floor above the basement. In this design, there is a layer of waterproofing that separates the first floor of the house from the penetration of moisture from the basement or cold basement.

Floor construction in log houses

The construction of the log house ceiling consists of load-bearing elements that receive the main vertical load, called beams. The standard size of the beams laid through 400-600mm, 50mm in thickness and 150 - 180mm in height. The floor beam is laid on the side of 50mm.

Draft floors are made between the floor beams, professionally called rolling. Roll-up shields are attached to the cranial bars (holes) nailed to the load-bearing beams.

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Beams are covered with fine wooden floors. The bottom of the beams serves as the basis for attaching ceiling boards or other ceiling material.

The space between the reel and the finishing floor is obtained in the form of peculiar long niches. This space serves as a place for laying insulating materials to retain heat and noise.

How beams are attached to the frame frame

According to physics, it is clear that the maximum load of the floor will be at the junction of the beam and the walls of the log house. It is impossible to nail a beam in this place or fasten it with mounting angles. Here it is possible and technologically justified, only one connection. A groove is cut in the crown to the height of the beam, and the beam fits into this groove.

It is worth noting that the fastening of beams to partitions inside the house can be done without cutting, on supporting (cranial) bars.

Waterproofing and impregnation of floor beams

The floor beams of a wooden house are often hidden. On the ground floor, beams can be laid on the foundation or intermediate supports.

Important! Do not allow wood beams to come into contact with concrete (brick) bases. Beams need to be laid on two layers of glassine or roofing material. In addition, it is reasonable to lay pieces of rubber under all beams to soundproof the floor.

Normative design of floors

Summing up, and adding the above additions about the layers of insulation, noise insulation and vapor barrier, you can show 8 layers of floors of a wooden house made of logs.

In fact, although this design is normative, it may vary depending on the modern materials used.

At the end

In conclusion, it is worth noting that there are technologies for intermediate fastening of beams on poles that allow you to create large open spaces in a wooden house.

In addition, it must be remembered that any frame, except for a frame made of dry glued laminated timber, shrinks within one year. This must be taken into account when installing floors and using connections other than cutting.

A wooden house is associated with comfort and warmth. Natural wood materials create a special atmosphere, they are safe for health. At the same time, wood requires special care and compliance with the requirements of operation. Building a floor in a wooden house also involves a special approach. Let's see how we can do it right.

Gender Requirements

A properly laid floor in a wooden house must satisfy such parameters as practicality and durability. It needs to be warm and even. Not the last role is played by its aesthetic appearance. If we lay the floor with additional insulation, we must not forget that in this case it will be necessary to raise it.

To lay the floor with your own hands in accordance with these requirements, you need to determine the order of work, take into account all the individual features of the operation and design of the building.

The whole process can be conditionally divided into several stages:

• Consideration of the properties of various floor structures;
• Studying the laying process depending on the type chosen;
• Construction and installation of the selected type of structure.

The most common types of flooring in a wooden house are concrete, plywood or laid on logs. With the help of logs or concrete screed, you can raise the level of the floor. In the photo you can see how the floor looks like using different materials.

For your information: In this case, regardless of the type chosen, it is possible to equip the floor heating system. This will be very useful for year-round living in the house. Similar designs also allow you to raise the level of the floor.

Features of the concrete floor

• Minimum time spent on work, compared with a full-fledged overlap of wood materials;
• Cost reduction;
• In order to arrange a concrete floor with your own hands, special construction skills are not required. It is enough to fill the screed in accordance with the level. The result is a leveled surface on which any floor covering can be laid.

The disadvantages include:

• A tangible load on the foundation, so you should first carry out calculations to avoid problems in this area;
• Small fluctuations can cause cracks in the concrete surface, which threatens heat loss.

Wooden design features

A wooden base, like any other, has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:

• safety for health, the tree does not emit any hazardous substances;
• you can design any design design;
• if necessary, all work can be carried out with improvised tools and materials.

We must not forget that the floor in a wooden house has served for many years, it is necessary to lay it in compliance with all requirements and recommendations. This will avoid subsidence of the floor, because then you will either have to replace the floor, or be puzzled by the question of how to raise it.

The disadvantages include:

• complexity of installation;
• high price;
• duration of work;
• the difficulty of leveling the structure.

What is the design of a wooden floor?

In order to properly lay the floor with your own hands, it should be borne in mind that its design consists of a subfloor, a layer of thermal and waterproofing, a finished floor and a floor covering.

The design can be two-layer or single. If we stele in the second way, then there may be no lag. Their presence or absence is determined by the thickness of the boards and the distance between the beams.

Sometimes it happens that a wooden structure is displaced under the influence of various factors, which leads to deformation of the subfloor. When building a multilayer structure, the immobile state of the upper layers is ensured.

In the presence of support pillars, as well as in cases where beams are inserted into house walls, it is necessary to lay the logs in a mandatory order.

How to make flooring using a log?

You can put a draft floor in a wooden house with your own hands using one of two options:

• on the logs;
• using floor beams.

Logs allow you to raise the level of the floor, so it is not always rational to use them in rooms with a low ceiling. They are attached either on top of the foundation, or to the walls of the log house. Before putting the material, the logs should be brought into the room in order to acclimatize them, where they should stay for several days.
Stele as follows:

• We place two of them along opposite walls and connect them with nylon threads, they should be placed at a distance of one and a half meters from each other. These threads will be used as guidelines for attaching the remaining lags. The space between the lags is filled with a layer of insulation;
• When thick boards of 30 or 40 cm are used, the distance between the lags can be up to 0.8 m. When the boards are less than 30 cm thick, the distance between the lags must be reduced to 0.5-0.6 m. When the boards are thicker than 40 cm, the distance can reach 1 m;
• The use of chipboard or fiberboard wedges can level the floor surface by adjusting the level of the joist height. Such wedges are fixed with self-tapping screws or long nails;
• When it is supposed to mount the lag over a concrete base, then the mount can be made with dowels or anchors. In no case should one forget about the treatment of lags with an antiseptic composition;
• The next step is to lay and strengthen the boards. The first row is fastened with a 1.5 cm indent from the walls. Requires pre-drilling holes for self-tapping screws;
• We lay the boards on each of the lags, after which we fix it. The gaps that remain between the walls and the floor from the boards are closed with skirting boards. You can also use staples, they are connected to the boards and fastened with nails. On the video you can see how this process is carried out.

If fiberboard or chipboard is selected as the base for the floor

Using this method, you can also raise the floor with your own hands in a wooden house. In order to lay the subfloor, you can choose plywood, chipboard or fiberboard. This material is characterized by reliability, durability, it does not give in to deformation. In addition, if necessary, materials such as fiberboard or chipboard can be easily dismantled and replaced.

The sheet laying scheme must be pre-thought out and marked out. Then, in accordance with the markings, lay the lags. In the photo you can see an example of such a scheme.

To lay the floor even, you can use beacons. To do this, you need to install them on the entire surface of the floor. For these purposes, the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is divided into squares of 30-40 cm, at the corners of which self-tapping screws are screwed. To install beacons, you need a level. After that, you can lay the logs, on which later it is supposed to lay chipboard or fiberboard.

The thickness of the sheets of chipboard or fiberboard determines what will be the distance between the lags. In general, it is no more than 40 cm. When boards are installed across between the bars, they should be fastened at a distance of half a meter from each other.

From sagging lags, you can also make substrates from pieces of chipboard or fiberboard, which must first be lubricated with parquet glue. Impregnation of the entire surface of the floor with glue will avoid cod. Between the lags and sheets of chipboard, fiberboard or plywood we make a layer of moisture-proof material.

It is desirable that all the edges of the sheets used fall on the logs, and the chipboard (DFP) sheets themselves are laid at a distance of a couple of millimeters from each other, this is necessary in case of material deformation. Joints must be sanded to level the surface. On the video you can see how you can lay sheets of plywood (chipboard, fiberboard or other material).

Making a clean floor

It is best to lay a finishing floor with your own hands using tongue-and-groove boards (pictured below). They imply a convenient connection with each other. When one board is attached to the previous one with a special lock.

You can adjust the boards to each other with a mallet, tapping on them. You can fix the board to the joists with long nails, which should be driven in at a slight angle, sinking the nail head into the board.

A finished floor made of grooved boards must be sanded and varnished or painted.

The arrangement of the finished floor with tongue-and-groove boards is suitable for both double and single construction. Double, of course, will be much warmer. She should be preferred for year-round living in a wooden house. A diagram of this design can be seen in the photo.

If your log house was not built for permanent residence (for example, a summer house in the country), then you can simply lay the boards in one layer without insulation. If the house is built for permanent residence, including the winter period, then the installation of the floor will require more attention - it is necessary to take into account thermal protection and waterproofing so that the floor lasts as long as possible and pleases with warmth. Even before starting work, you need to decide what is more expedient in your case - to lay the structure on the ground or on logs (wooden or polymer long bars). Both options have their pros and cons.

concrete floor

The floor in a log house, as well as in a house made of other material, can also be made of concrete. The advantages of this choice are the relative ease of installation and cost effectiveness. When installing a concrete floor, some soil is usually poured inside the foundation (for example, sand or a sand-gravel mixture), waterproofing material is laid on top (you can lay a plastic film), then a concrete screed is made. In addition, a layer of thermal insulation is required. The upper level can be anything - parquet, laminate, linoleum, carpet, wood, tile, etc.

wood floor

If you want to create a real wooden floor in your log house, then the sequence of its creation will be as follows:

1. First you need to install lags. Logs are placed either directly on the foundation, or on supporting (usually brick) posts inside the foundation. The columns are set at such a distance from each other that the logs do not sag.
2. For further, a rough floor is laid from unhewn boards.
3. For A layer of waterproofing is laid on the draft boards.
4. For Insulation, it is laid on draft boards above a layer of waterproofing. Various materials are used as insulation - simple sawdust, expanded clay, mineral wool, fiberglass, expanded polystyrene (PPS).
5. For Above the insulation, it is also recommended to lay a vapor barrier material so that condensation does not form under the top layer of the boards, which can lead to rotting of the wood.
6. For And only after that it is possible to lay the finishing upper wooden layer.

Between the finishing floor and the insulation, as a rule, it is recommended to leave an air gap (1-2 cm high) to ventilate the top layer of the boards and less likely to rot.

The upper level of the floor in the log house is made of coniferous wood (pine, larch, spruce, cedar), as well as hardwood (oak, aspen). Laid boards must be sanded. In addition, it should be remembered that all wooden elements of the log house will last much longer if they are treated with an antiseptic solution. And do not forget about the air vents - ventilation holes in the foundation so that there is natural air circulation under the subfloor. Typically, such holes are located opposite each other in opposing walls. At the same time, it is better to cover the holes in the foundation with a net so that small animals cannot use them. In the case when the soil moisture is too high, the waterproofing of the log house subfloor can be enhanced by laying the waterproofing layer directly on the ground, and on top of it - with a layer of sand.

The device of floors, as a rule, begins after the completion of the main finishing work in the room. Before you start laying the floorboard, you need to carry out a number of preparatory work.

First of all, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of the appearance of various fungi of mold and rot in the underground. For this, ventilation holes are arranged in the foundation. Also, the remains of black soil should not be allowed underground.

Of the preparatory measures, it is necessary to make a backfill of slag or sand (about 20-30 cm), lay, if necessary, waterproofing and insulation, and then pour a screed of about 8-10 cm from concrete or a cement-sand mixture of grade 80-100.

The screed should dry out for about 5-7 days.

The next stage of work is the installation of columns, which can be made of brick or poured with concrete in a wooden formwork. The size of the column is 40/40 cm, the height is 40-50 cm. The distance between the columns is approximately 1.5 meters. All columns are aligned horizontally using a building level. The upper plane of the column is waterproofed with a hydroisol or roofing felt (it can also be treated with bitumen or bituminous solutions).

Then it is necessary to lay the so-called draft floor. It can be made of unedged board, plywood or chipboard.

The floor in a log house (a house made of logs processed in a special way) must meet several necessary parameters. Like the dwelling itself, it must maintain an environmentally friendly internal microclimate, fit into the overall design in appearance, and also be strong, durable just like the ceiling in a log house - reliably protect the house from heat leaks in the winter ().
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Prices for wooden floors in a log house

As a rule, two main materials are preferred for floor installation - wood and concrete. Each of these materials has a number of advantages.

Multi-layer "pie" or wooden floor in a log house

When installing the floor covering, it should be borne in mind that this design is a so-called "pie".

It consists of the following layers:

• subfloor;
• heat and waterproofing materials;
• vapor barrier;
• finishing floor in a log house;
• actual flooring.

It is the multi-layering that guarantees that the top flooring in the building will be durable. It will also eliminate the possibility of shifting the boardwalk. Before you begin work on installing a wooden floor, you should take care of reliable ventilation. To do this, several holes are drilled in different sides of the house at the level of the underground, which are then covered with bars. The subfloor space is treated with antiseptic agents.

The classic option for installing the rough or first layer of the floor of a log house is the use of logs (bars that form a frame).
They can be installed in two ways:

• on the basis;
• by covering.

In the first case, a layer of rubble is poured, then it is leveled and rammed. Supports are installed (beams or grillage under the roofing material). To protect the wood from fungus, the supports are covered with a waterproofing material. Then, a crate is installed on the base, and crossbars (lintels) are attached between the lags.

When the floor logs in the building are installed along the ceiling, grooves are sawn in the walls (in their upper crowns). After that, planed logs are installed in them. If the logs are long, then in addition to logs, they put supports in the form of brick columns. At the same time, the thinner the boards of the upper flooring are, the closer the logs are placed.

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Floor in a log house: insulation options

As a flooring for a draft floor, chipboard, OSB or plywood is used. Sheets of these materials are placed on a cranial bar attached to the bottom of the lag. In the resulting free space, hydro and vapor barriers are laid, as well as heaters.

For this, they usually use:

• Dry sawdust. The cheapest, but actively absorbing moisture material. Therefore, it requires an additional layer of waterproofing.
• sawdust granules. For their processing, fire retardant and antiseptic are used.
• Slag. Usually used when the floor is insulated on the ground.
• Expanded clay. The optimal thickness of its layer is 30 cm.
• Mineral wool. It can be with foil or corrugated shells that increase thermal insulation properties.
• Roll heaters. In their composition - fiberglass, slag wool.
• Styrofoam. When installing it, the combustibility of this material must be taken into account.

To equip the most warm floor in a log house, a closed heating system can be installed in the space between the rough and finish coatings. Before starting the installation of the finished floor, natural air circulation should be ensured in the underground. For this, an air cushion with a thickness of at least 2 cm is created.

For a fine wooden floor in the building, boards are used:

• having a straight, segmented or trapezoidal spike;
• tongue-and-groove with a fold;
• into a tongue with a rail.

The boards are milled, from the back side they make blow-outs (longitudinal recesses 0.2 cm deep). Then the coating elements are connected using the groove-thorn method. After the installation is completed, the finish coating can be treated with varnish or paint. The price of floors in a log house will depend on the materials used. The company will provide high-quality installation of floors.