Therapeutic diet for food allergies in children. Hypoallergenic diet for children is not an easy task for fathers and mothers

Intolerance by the body of certain elements present in the environment and in contact with it brings a lot of discomfort. An allergic reaction can occur to a wide variety of irritants and foods, and such conditions can even be life threatening. Allergies in childhood are especially dangerous - they manifest themselves brightly and sometimes it is quite difficult to control them. As part of the treatment of the problem, an important element is a special dietary food that helps the child's body recover and prevent subsequent cases of intolerance.

What is an allergy and why does it occur?

The term "allergy" has a very long history. It was first introduced back in 1906, it consists of two words of Greek origin: allos - different, ergon - I act. Based on this, an allergy is an inadequate reaction, certain actions of the body in response to the penetration of certain substances. They say about such a reaction when the human immune system reacts violently to contact with those substances that in themselves do not pose any threat, in other words, this can be called hypersensitivity. Allergic reactions can have a wide variety of manifestations, and some of them can be directly life-threatening.

One of the manifestations of allergies in children is a rash on the skin.

The age at which an allergic reaction may first appear depends entirely on its specific type. So, food intolerance is considered the earliest: it occurs even in children under one year old at the moment when, in addition to breast milk, the child begins to receive other foods as food.

Specialist note. The reaction to airborne allergens develops much later, usually at the age of 10, since in order for hypersensitivity to occur, the body needs not only to encounter the allergen, but also to contact it for a long time.

Types of allergies

There are many allergens that can be combined into groups:

• Food allergy (occurs on food).
• Household (the reaction is determined by the conditions surrounding the child, that is, intolerance to house dust, animal hair, etc. may be detected).
• Allergy to insect bites.
• Chemical (occurs as a reaction to contact with household chemicals and other synthetic compounds).
• Allergy to plants (their pollen).
• Reaction to medications.

There is some speculation that allergies may be a hereditary problem, as many allergic children have parents with some form of intolerance.

Any form of allergic intolerance imposes restrictions on the diet. Undoubtedly, with a food type of problem, diet is an integral element of treatment, but with others, this method can increase immunity and minimize the risk of contact with the allergen. Non-compliance with dietary principles can lead to the formation of a stable intolerance to a fairly large group of foods, which will bring a lot of discomfort to the child's life.

Is a diet necessary?

Whatever allergic disease would take place, the diet for children with such a diagnosis should be clear and strict. This is necessary first of all so that the immune system can recover from a violent reaction, and the load on the body has decreased. The duration of diet therapy is determined by the complexity and stage of the process. In case of food allergy, the main method is the identification and complete elimination of the allergen product from the diet, and this method can also reduce the symptomatic manifestations of an already ongoing process.

It is worth noting that often within the framework of the diet, not only the allergen product is eliminated, but also other nutrients, which very often provoke such reactions of the body. It is believed that against the background of increased activity of the immune system, intolerance to new products may occur.

Principles of nutrition for children with individual intolerance to any component:

• do not force the child to eat if he refuses - overeating is harmful;
• products are best steamed, boiled or stewed;
• avoid foods with a lot of sugar or acid;
• the menu should be varied;
• it is better not to give meat and fish to the child on the same day.

Allergic infant nutrition: complementary foods, mother's diet

Complementary foods for infants with food allergies are difficult to introduce. When exactly to start adding new foods to the diet can be set by the pediatrician depending on the specific situation, but you should not delay it too much, as the baby may be in a state of deficiency of certain elements. Usually, complementary foods for babies begin to be introduced from 5 months, and its purpose is not to feed the baby, but to introduce him to new food.

When introducing complementary foods, you must adhere to the following rules:

• A new product should be added gradually, 10 grams will be enough for the first acquaintance, after which you need to monitor the baby's condition throughout the day. If there are no negative reactions of the body, then the amount is constantly increased and within two weeks is brought to the norm recommended according to age.
• If the baby has signs of allergies, do not add new elements to the diet during this period.
• It is important to record how much and what product the baby receives, as well as how he reacts to it. The results of the observations will be useful in the preparation of the diet of the child.

Another important aspect is which food to choose. Experts recommend starting with porridge without milk or vegetable puree. It is better to choose gluten-free options for cereals: if necessary, they can be diluted with breast milk or a mixture that the baby eats. Fruits and dishes from them can be added only after six months.

Doctor's opinion: it is worth noting that during pregnancy or feeding a baby, an allergy in a woman is extremely rare for the first time, often such situations are typical for patients who have already had such a problem before. Some forms of an allergic reaction in the mother can be dangerous for the fetus, so doctors need to monitor this issue and prescribe preventive measures.

If the baby has an allergy, then you should not refuse breastfeeding, you need to continue it, but in this case, the mother should make her food hypoallergenic. Such a diet for nursing women involves the complete exclusion of foods with a high risk of developing allergies (chocolate, seafood, nuts), containing extractive substances (radishes, meat broths, onions, etc.), as well as those items for which they have or children have an intolerance.

Nutrition for children over one year old

When a child eats on his own, it becomes necessary to correctly compose his diet, because despite the allergy, he must receive all the necessary nutrients.

The main prohibition for food allergies falls on specific allergen products, as well as all dishes in which they are included as ingredients.

The following foods are considered potential allergens:

• most of the seafood;
• milk products;
• citrus;
• canned food;
• products with a large number of food additives in the composition;
• bee products.

Photo gallery of prohibited products

Sweets and other products with the addition of dyes and food additives

These products additionally limit the child's diet in order not to provoke a new allergy, but this prohibition is not permanent and strict. It’s just that when a child with an allergy suffers from eating the listed food, you need to carefully monitor his condition, the amount consumed should also be limited. Such restrictions are a precautionary measure.

An allergic child is allowed to give the following products:

• rabbit, turkey, lamb and lean pork meat;
• cereals and legumes (buckwheat, oatmeal, risk, peas, green beans);
• dietary bread or bran bread;
• cucumbers, cabbage, zucchini, potatoes, green onions, parsley and dill;
• olive or linseed oil;
• green and white fruits without peel (apples, pears);
• from drinks, green and white tea, still water and compotes cooked on allowed fruits and berries are allowed.

Photo gallery of approved products

It is allowed to add olive oil to dishes

Some simple and interesting recipes

It may seem that the baby's diet is severely limited due to prohibitions, but this is only at first glance. In fact, from the allowed products you can cook a lot of interesting dishes. Consider a few simple recipes.

Vegetable soup - an indispensable element of the child's diet

Ingredients:

• red onion;
• stalk of celery;
• zucchini;
• carrot;
• sunflower oil;
• tomatoes;
• vegetable or meat broth;
• salt and pepper to taste.

Cooking:

1. Finely chop the onion, celery, zucchini and carrots.
2. Pour sunflower oil into a saucepan, heat slightly.
3. Then add the chopped vegetables and cook for 5 minutes - until the vegetables are half cooked.
4. Add tomatoes and broth.
5. Bring to a boil and cook for 15 minutes.
6. Add salt and pepper to taste.

Ingredients:

• meat - 200-250 g;
• soy cheese, cucumbers;
• bell pepper;
• parsley;
• olive oil.

Cooking:

1. Pre-boiled meat is cut into small cubes.
2. Other chopped ingredients are added to it: a little soy cheese, a couple of cucumbers, bell peppers and parsley.
3. Dressing this salad is best with olive oil.
4. Salt a little.

Zucchini fritters

Zucchini pancakes will bring additional benefits by improving digestion

Ingredients:

• vegetable marrow;
• quail eggs - 2 pcs;
• flour - 1 tbsp. l.;
• salt;
• vegetable oil.

Cooking:

1. Peeled and washed zucchini is crushed in a blender (you can just rub it on a grater),
2. Quail eggs, flour and a little salt are added to it.
3. It is best to cook such pancakes for a couple. But you can also just fry it.

Muffins - safe baking

Allergy is not a reason to deprive a child of dessert

Ingredients:

• flour - 200 g;
• sugar - 150 g;
• cocoa - 2 tsp;
• baking powder - 2 tsp;
• water - 150 ml;
• vegetable oil - 3 tbsp. l..

Cooking:

1. Mix flour, sugar, cocoa, baking powder.
2. Add water and oil. Mix everything thoroughly.
3. Pour the prepared dough into the baking dish. Bake at 200 degrees for 15 minutes.

You can also make a banana version of cupcakes - for this you need to add banana puree to the dough.

Muffin recipes are only suitable if the child is not allergic to the main ingredients - cocoa or bananas.

Table: sample menu for children

Diet Adjustment

A strict diet for food allergies in a child is not permanent, its content may vary depending on the period in which the process is located:

• During an exacerbation, in addition to the allergen itself, meat and fish broths, all spicy, salty, fried foods, and smoked meats are excluded. Sugar, salt, milk and its derivatives, flour products limit. Usually this stage does not last longer than half a month.
• When the main manifestations of the reaction subside, the exception affects only products with a high risk of developing intolerance, and this period can last several months.
• And finally, when remission occurs, potentially dangerous foods can be gradually returned to the diet, but in small quantities and constantly monitoring the child's condition.

If there are other types of allergies, then the diet is followed until the symptoms of the reaction disappear. Sometimes there is a need to leave basic restrictions for the purpose of prevention.

Video: why food allergies occur - Dr. Komarovsky

Compliance with a diet for allergies in a child is a very important task, because such a measure not only helps to restore the child's body, but also minimizes the risk of new types of food allergies in the future.

Nutrition is important for a child, especially an allergic person. Parents must understand that proper diet the child will relieve the symptoms of allergies, and also help to avoid many diseases that can develop on the background of allergies: cough, runny nose, asthma.

What should be included in menu for older children? What to feed an allergic teenager?

Hypoallergenic diet: standard menu

Before you paint the diet of the child yourself, see an allergist . He will tell you how to develop a special diet for the treatment or acute symptoms of allergies.

Of course, the doctor will take into account physiological needs of a teenager in minerals, vitamins and essential nutrients that are so necessary for the child's body.

If there is no allergist in your city, you can safely visit the same pediatrician or nutritionist.

Hypoallergenic diet - the main menu for a child. This is the standard, basic diet. Based on it, you can create an individual diet. Such a diet can be followed by an allergic person throughout life and can become a good habit.

Answering a few key questions about a hypoallergenic diet for a child

• What should be the products?

All products must be steamed, boiled or cooked in the oven. It is also worth excluding foods containing food additives and dyes from the diet, and purchasing only fresh, natural products.

• What to exclude from the diet?

Firstly, fish, seafood, soy products, cow's milk, tomatoes, bananas, eggs, strawberries, grapes, cocoa have a high level of allergenicity. They should not be used at all.
Secondly, spices, exotic fruits, sweets may contain substances harmful to a teenager.
Thirdly Even the most common vegetables — like red peppers, radishes, and sauerkraut — can trigger some allergy symptoms. They can be used, but under the supervision of a doctor.
As for fruits, then the following are prohibited: raspberry, blackberry, peach, pomegranate, pineapple, kiwi.

• How to diversify the menu?

If you know what the child has an allergen, then it is better to exclude products with its content. But food that does not cause allergies can be introduced into the diet, but in small doses - about 10-20 grams. So you will definitely make sure that a teenager can eat certain foods.

It is worth noting that an allergic reaction in the body can occur in the first hours after eating any food.

Sample menu for an allergic teenager

Every morning you need to teach your child to drink 20-30 minutes before meals, a glass of water with the juice of half a lemon . Due to this, the liver is cleared of toxins and toxins, the period of exacerbation of allergies is softened.

Monday

• For breakfast cook oatmeal porridge in water with apples or applesauce.
• At lunch offer your child soup with lentils or peas in chicken broth, as well as boiled rice with beef, green tea.
• For dinner he can eat a casserole of cottage cheese and raisins, drink tea or water.

Tuesday

• Satisfy hunger in the morning corn porridge will help, if there is no allergy to cow's milk, you can add a piece of butter to the dish.
• At lunch offer your child chicken breast broth with herbs and vegetables. Do not add to it those foods that a teenager is allergic to. On the second - buckwheat and boiled turkey.
• For dinner the child eats a carrot casserole. May add sour cream, again, if he is not allergic to cow's milk.

Wednesday

Thursday

• Breakfast the child will start with a salad of cottage cheese, cucumbers, parsley and dill. Can drink a glass of yogurt.
• At lunch prepare milk soup for him, as well as potato meatballs, green tea.
• For dinner Carrot casserole and green tea will do.

Friday

• Satisfy your morning hunger millet or barley porridge. Choose which one to cook based on the taste preferences of the child.
• At lunch feed him chicken breast and herb broth and stewed cabbage. Can drink green tea.
• For dinner let him eat a potato casserole with cabbage, drink tea or water.

Saturday

Sunday

• For breakfast you can cook baked apples with cottage cheese and raisins, drink a glass of low-fat kefir.
• At lunch a light soup of rice and vegetables is suitable, as well as boiled chicken breast or boiled beef with buckwheat, a glass of water.
• For dinner you can offer a teenager dumplings with potatoes, but in no case with cherries, strawberries and other fruits. Add sour cream, dill, parsley to the dish. You can drink green tea with food.

specialfood.ru

Allergen products

• Chicken eggs;
• Cow's milk and often goat's milk and products from them, except for fermented milk;
• Sea and river fish, especially smoked;
• Seafood - shrimp, lobster and crabs;
• Goose or duck meat;
• Mushrooms;
• Red and orange fruits and vegetables;
• Soy and all soy;
• Wheat and all grains containing gluten;
• Smoked meat and sausage;
• Sauces, ketchups and mayonnaise of industrial production;
• Spicy herbs and root vegetables, vinegar;
• Sunflower oil;
• Nuts (walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts);
• Sweets, especially chocolate;
• Honey and bee products;
• White wheat bread, buns, cookies and waffles;
• Canned food and any products with food colorings and additives;
• Spices other than bay leaf.

What should the baby eat then? All products from the list during an exacerbation of the disease can really cause a significant blow to the baby's body, but during a period of long-term remission, they can be introduced into the diet only by acting carefully and slowly.

This is how we introduced new products into complementary foods for a child up to a year old, and this is how we introduce an allergen product into the menu of allergic children - in small portions, starting with 1-2 teaspoons. The metabolism will gradually readjust to a new product, build a protective mechanism and, over time, will perceive it as friendly. The hypoallergenic children's menu will gradually expand, and narrow during periods of seasonal exacerbations.

Dietary vegetable dishes for children with allergies

Allowed vegetable crops:

• zucchini and squash;
• any cabbage (except red cabbage);
• cucumbers;
• potatoes (only soaked from starches) and Jerusalem artichoke;
• green and onion, parsnip, celery, dill, parsley and bay leaf.

What hypoallergenic dishes for children can be prepared from vegetables?

1. Vegetables steamed and in a slow cooker.
2. Vegetable stews in the oven, with or without meat.
3. Salads of fresh cucumbers and cabbage with herbs.
4. Soups on meat or vegetable broth.
5. Mashed potatoes on vegetable broth with the addition of other permitted vegetables.

Recipes for children's diet vegetables

Cabbage and apple salad

We chop the white cabbage very finely, grate the apple and mix these components. Sprinkle with apple juice and stir. Prunes, cut into thin strips, can be added to the salad. Serve with hot potato stew or porridge.

Soup with cauliflower and kohlrabi

This delicious soup will be loved by both younger and older family members. It is prepared very easily, the color is fresh, the taste is delicate.

For the soup, we need the following vegetables:

• cauliflower - 3-4 inflorescences,
• kohlrabi cabbage - half a spherical stem,
• parsley root - a small piece,
• oatmeal - 2 tablespoons,
• parsley and dill - to taste.
• a little butter and sour cream - for dressing.

Cooking

Peeled parsley root and kohlrabi turnip stem are cut into thin strips and slightly lowered in a saucepan with warmed butter.

We put on fire a pan with 1 liter of meat or vegetable broth (you can also take plain water). We put the cauliflower, disassembled into small inflorescences, into the boiling broth, add the flakes and add the parsley root and kohlrabi, lowered in a saucepan.

Cook vegetables until soft. If desired, you can add a couple of sliced ​​​​potatoes.

Serve with sour cream, adding a little salt to the soup right in the bowl.

Zucchini stuffed in a double boiler

Ingredients

• Zucchini - 2 fruits
• Low-fat veal - 400 g
• Onion - 1 bulb
• Salt - a little
• Parsley - a few sprigs
• Sour cream - 2 tbsp.

Cooking

1. First, prepare the minced meat: wash the meat and onion, cut into pieces and scroll twice in a meat grinder.
2. My zucchini, cut off the ends and cut across the fruit into pieces 5-6 cm long. For each “barrel”, we select the pulp with a spoon, forming a void for stuffing it with meat. Finely chop the pulp without seeds and add to the prepared minced meat.
3. Mix ground meat with onions with zucchini pulp, chopped parsley (only leaves!), Add some salt and add half the sour cream. We fill the voids near the zucchini with the stuffing, put it in the double boiler basket and cook for 50 minutes.
4. Serve topped with sour cream.

From zucchini and squash, you can cook green caviar, pancakes on oatmeal without eggs, bake with cottage cheese in the oven and many other interesting dishes. The main thing is to turn on your imagination!

Potatoes with cottage cheese baked in foil

This is a very tasty but simple dish that children love very much. It's very easy to prepare.

Medium-sized potato tubers (2 pcs.) Peel and cut into slices 5 mm thick, soak for an hour in cold water.

While the potatoes are soaking, prepare the minced curd: grind 200 g of cottage cheese through a sieve, add dill greens (a little), add some salt and mix with sour cream (2 tablespoons).

Brush the center of the foil square with olive oil. Now we cover each potato circle with minced curd, as we prepare a sandwich, lay out our “sandwiches” in layers in a checkerboard pattern in the center of the foil and add about a quarter cup of water.

We wrap the free edges of the foil and diligently pinch them to lock in moisture. Bake in the oven for 30-40 minutes. Serve directly in foil (children will love this serving very much!) With sour cream or baby kefir.

Recipes for meat dishes for allergic children

If goose and duck meat causes allergies, then beef (veal), turkey and rabbit are dietary products. Meat must be included in the child's menu, as it is rich in iron and high-grade proteins.

Turkey cutlets with zucchini

Ingredients

• Turkey meat - 400 g
• Zucchini - half a fruit or about 150 g
• Rice flour - 2 tbsp.
• Salt - a little

Cooking

Grind the pieces of turkey meat and zucchini in a meat grinder, add flour, add some salt and mix thoroughly. We beat the minced meat against the walls of the dish and then form small cutlets out of it. We put them in the bowl of a double boiler, which we pre-lubricate with olive oil, and steam for about 50 minutes. Serve with sour cream and any side dish.

These cutlets can also be cooked in a saucepan. We put the formed cutlets in a saucepan, the bottom of which is also greased with olive oil, pour 1 glass of water and simmer for about 40-50 minutes.

Dietary meat dishes for allergy sufferers are as diverse as for healthy people. Their recipe lacks only carrots and spices. Therefore, you can cook cabbage rolls, and stuffed green peppers, and meat rolls, and meatballs, and stew, and even create delicious pilaf!

Baby hypoallergenic cereals

The dietary children's menu contains a lot of cereals both as a side dish and as a dessert. From allowed cereals, we can cook rice, oatmeal, corn and buckwheat porridge. But it also happens that this list can be either wider or narrower.

Milk porridges are boiled in milk obtained from dry milk mixtures, or in soy, rice milk or in water. Porridge boiled in water is not necessarily tasteless. If you offer your baby dessert porridge, then a grated apple, banana, juicy pear or a couple of plums can enrich its taste.

If you are preparing porridge for meat or vegetables, then prepare a salad of cucumbers and cabbage, zucchini pancakes, stew white cabbage or serve boiled broccoli with sour cream.

Desserts for allergic children

Unfortunately, small children with allergies are not recommended to sweeten desserts. And honey, unfortunately, is impossible. Therefore, dried fruits (from those allowed) and fresh fruits can serve as sweeteners: apple, green pear, banana, kiwi.

The best hypoallergenic desserts are prepared on the basis of children's kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that both cottage cheese and kefir are not sour. In this case, the addition of a banana or sweet pear solves the dessert's sweetness problem.

banana oatmeal cookies

These delicious cookies will be a real joy for your baby, and you will be happy to taste a few things!

For diet cookies we need:

• 1 cup oatmeal (flakes)
• 2 bananas (ripe)
• a handful of light raisins and a handful of dried fruits (apples and pears),
• olive oil for greasing the mold.

Making these cookies is a real pleasure! We knead bananas with a fork, put oatmeal and dried fruits in them (crush large pieces into tiny cubes), mix and form cookies. Spread on a baking sheet, previously oiled with olive oil, and bake in a very hot oven for 15 minutes.

From drinks it is allowed to prepare a decoction of dried fruits from apples and pears, or from fresh fruits. Delicious drink and green tea with stevia herb, which contains glycosides that sweeten the drink. It is not only a natural sweetener, but also a very valuable medicinal herb.

Dear mothers! We hope that our simple tips will help you create a dietary children's menu for an allergic person, which you can easily implement by preparing dishes according to your child's taste preferences. We hope that growing up your baby will get stronger, his metabolism will normalize, and together you will start cooking everything that was previously forbidden!

tvoi-povarenok.ru

For an allergic child, a correctly selected menu is a guarantee of good health. The right diet not only alleviates the symptoms of allergies, but also helps to avoid a host of concomitant diseases. To correctly compose the menu, let's decide on the ingredients that need to be excluded.

What can cause allergies

The list of foods that can cause allergies is quite extensive. For some people, only 2-3 foods may be allergens, while for others, most foods are problematic.

Top 10 Food Allergens:

• Milk. It also applies to other products containing milk (lactose): cheeses, yogurts, butter, cottage cheese, sometimes veal or beef meat.
• Eggs. You should be careful with products containing eggs: cakes, pasta, mayonnaise, pastries.
• Honey. May cause severe allergies due to plant pollen.
• Fish. Allergy to seafood and fish is rare, but it is the strongest in terms of the degree of action.
• Gluten. It is an allergen found in barley, oats, wheat, rye.
• Fruit. The most allergenic fruits of bright colors: strawberries and all citrus fruits. Kiwis and pineapples can also be unsafe.
• Meat. A fairly rare allergen. Adverse reactions are usually associated with consumption of beef (if allergic to milk) and chicken (if allergic to eggs).
• Vegetables. Most often unsafe: tomatoes, eggplant, zucchini and carrots.
• Nuts. Peanuts and almonds (these are found in various children's sweets).
• Chocolate. Chocolate itself is not an allergen, but it makes the body vulnerable to other allergens.

If the allergen has not yet been identified, it is better to draw up a child's menu, taking into account all the products that can cause a negative reaction.

Allergy child menu

The main thing in the menu of an allergic child is a hypoallergenic diet, that is, a basic diet, based on which it is possible to choose an individual diet.

Diet Options

For breakfast:

1. Pancakes made from buckwheat flour without eggs, with pieces of fruit or berries that do not cause allergies. Weak tea.
2. Pumpkin porridge. Apple juice.
3. Rice porridge with grated banana (or apple). Dried fruits compote.

For lunch:

1. First course: Vegetable soup based on: cabbage, potatoes, celery, green peas, parsley, carrots, beans. Various cereals are added to the soup.
   Second course: Boiled rice with rabbit stew.
2. First course: Rice soup with rabbit broth.
   Second course: Buckwheat porridge with stewed cabbage.
3. First course: Borscht on turkey broth (without tomato and overcooking).
   Second course: Potato pancakes (for fastening, use 1-2 tablespoons of semolina instead of eggs).

For an afternoon snack:

1. Fruit (berry) puree. Green tea.
2. Lenten pancakes with banana. Dried fruits compote.
3. Rice casserole with fruits. Apple juice.

For dinner:

1. Mashed potatoes on the water, steamed turkey meatballs. Salad of grated apple and cabbage.
2. Vegetable pigeons. Two slices of rye bread.
3. Buckwheat and minced rabbit casserole (poached onions and carrots are mixed with minced meat and boiled buckwheat, baked in the oven). Salad of fresh cucumbers and dill.

www.razvivalka.com

General principles for the formation of a diet for allergies in a child

During the formation of the diet, it is very important to take into account the characteristics of the child's body.

So, it must be remembered that children, to a much greater extent than adults, need protein and fiber. This is due to the extremely high activity of the child (especially at the age of 3-7 years), and the need to "finish" all systems and organs. But it so happened that it is animal protein that most often provokes an inadequate immune response.

The second point is the high prevalence of allergy to cow's milk protein. In addition, there are certain differences between "children's" food allergies and "adult":

• in most children, the immune reaction is combined with a non-immune one (the so-called pseudo-allergy is realized);
• most often polyallergenic sensitization takes place;
• the older the child, the higher the likelihood of developing a cross-allergy.

The last point is connected, first of all, with the expansion of the child's diet.

Taking into account all the above features, we can distinguish the basic principles for the formation of any hypoallergenic diet - both specific and non-specific:

• a diet is necessary for any allergic disease, whether it is food hypersensitivity, hay fever or contact dermatitis;
• with food allergies, it is imperative to accurately determine the trigger allergen;
• it is necessary to exclude animal protein as completely as possible and replace it with vegetable protein;
• the use of fermented milk products is acceptable;
• mandatory exclusion of histamine liberator products;
• it is important to exclude not only causative allergens, but also cross irritants (especially important for hay fever);
• requires strict control of the usefulness and balance of the diet.

Rules to follow

Another point worth focusing on is the rules that must be followed if a child needs a hypoallergenic diet:

1. Working in tandem with an allergist. You can not independently exclude foods from the diet or introduce them, especially in severe allergies;
2. Strict compliance. You can not "follow the lead" of a child asking for an allergenic product. It is important to remember that with true allergies, even a small portion is enough to form a severe allergic reaction;
3. Timely adjustment. There is a possibility of self-healing of some types of allergies with age, as well as the emergence of new ones;
4. Hypoallergenic life. Must go in conjunction with a diet - regular wet cleaning, the absence of mold, dust in the house, if possible, pets, the use of air filters.

Stages of entering a diet for allergies in a child

1. Identification of a trigger factor, selection of a diet. Provocative tests, scarification tests, empirical diet therapy are carried out. The duration of this stage is the higher, the more allergens are direct irritants;
2. Supportive care. The longest stage in diet therapy (its duration varies from 3-5 months to several years. At this stage, all foods that are allergenic to humans are excluded;
3. Diet expansion. The transition criterion is complete clinical and laboratory remission. At this stage, starting from the minimum doses, minimally allergenic products are introduced first, then cross-allergens and, in case of successful introduction, attempts are made to introduce more and more strong allergens.

Non-specific diet

A non-specific diet means the exclusion of all highly allergenic foods. She is appointed on the very first visit to an allergist with complaints about the presence of hypersensitivity reactions.

Elimination diets of the most "broad spectrum" are used. According to I.V. Borisova, professor of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, all products are divided into three types according to the degree of their allergenic activity. Highlight products:

High Activity:

Medium activity:

Weak activity:

The Union of Pediatricians of Russia offers a similar scheme for distributing products according to their allergenicity:

Dr. E.O. Komarovsky names the six most allergenic foods:

• egg;
• peanut;
• milk protein;
• wheat;
• fish.

Ado hypoallergenic diet for children

HELL. Ado, a Soviet pathophysiologist, immunologist and allergist, studying the trigger mechanisms of allergic reactions, found out that there are products that are practically obligate (mandatory) allergens, and there are those that are relatively safe in terms of allergies.

The Ado diet for allergic children, formed back in 1987, is based on this: the exclusion of “aggressive” food and its replacement with a more gentle one.

The advantages of this diet:

• a specific list of foods that should not be consumed, rather than a lengthy definition of "dangerous food";
• exclusion of all allergens at once, which ensures the rapid elimination of the clinical symptoms of allergies;
• the ability to introduce obligate allergens into the diet in turn, finding out which irritant the reaction develops to.

However, this technique also has disadvantages:

• extreme nonspecificity;
• lack of focus on the individual characteristics of each child.

What is possible with this hypoallergenic diet for a child, and what is not

According to Ado, you can use the following products:

It is necessary to remove from the diet without fail:

Hypoallergenic diet menu for children for 7 days (according to Ado)

Thus, the diet menu for children for a week may look like this:

It is worth noting that this diet is suitable for a child of any age (over 2 years old), but is exemplary and requires adjustment in portion sizes.

specific diet

In this section, it is worth considering the types of dietary nutrition for various diseases and symptom complexes, and separately for food allergies to specific groups of irritants. Despite the fact that, in general, dietary tables are similar. Each case has its own characteristics.

Diet for respiratory allergies

With pollinosis, it is most important to exclude cross-allergens. This is necessary in order to avoid the development of oral allergic syndrome. Depending on which plant pollen becomes an irritant, there are lists of cross-allergens.

In bronchial asthma, which often becomes a symptom or outcome of hay fever, the main symptom of which is broncho-obstructive syndrome, it is extremely important to exclude honey from the diet so as not to provoke an episode of bronchial obstruction and, as a result, suffocation, cough, heaviness in the chest.

Diet for skin allergies

It has been proven that when it comes to treating children with allergic dermatitis caused not by food allergies, but by direct contact with the allergen, as well as with eczema, with urticaria provoked by this factor, diet therapy does not play a significant role.

But a hypoallergenic diet for children with atopic dermatitis should be chosen much more carefully and with caution. This is especially important if atopic dermatitis is caused by food allergies.

In this case, the elimination of the trigger factor is actually etiopathogenetic therapy and determines the success of the treatment. But even in the absence of a direct reaction of an allergic person to food, it is necessary to follow a non-specific diet.

Diet for food allergies in children

With food allergies, the exclusion of the trigger allergen itself, as well as all cross-stimuli, is of key importance.

There are several main options for diet tables:

• diet without milk
• diet for hypersensitivity to cereals;
• diet for hypersensitivity to egg protein;
• soy allergy diet
• diet for allergies to yeast and mold.

Dairy free diet

This type of diet can be prescribed for hypersensitivity to cow's milk protein. In the most difficult situation, when the child does not tolerate either milk or dairy products, you should refrain from drinking:

Often traces of milk protein can contain:

• confectionery, sweets;
• creams and sauces;
• waffles;
• biscuit;
• sausage and sausages.

• casein;
• casein hydrolyzate;
• buttermilk;
• sodium caseinate;
• potassium caseinate;
• calcium caseinate;
• lactalbumin;
• lactoglobulin.

It is necessary to compensate for the lack of milk and dairy products with lean meat, poultry, soy, legumes. Mandatory control over the intake of calcium in the body. Age norms:

You can compensate for calcium deficiency with vitamin complexes, as well as fish, legumes, and vegetables. You need to take vitamin D.

Diet for allergies to cereals

From the child's diet should be excluded:

It is important to pay attention to such names on the packaging:

• vegetable protein (including its hydrolysates);
• vegetable starch;
• malt and flavorings based on it;
• monosodium glutamate.

Be careful with emulsifiers, thickeners, flavors, which also often contain cereal proteins.

You can compensate for these products with barley, oats, rye, rice, buckwheat, cornmeal. However, this should be done with caution, keeping in mind the possibility of developing cross-allergies.

Diet for egg allergy

It is necessary to remove from the consumed products everything that contains egg white:

You should beware of such names on the label:

To replace egg white (and this is usually required for baking), you can use flaxseed, soy flour and cottage cheese, gelatin, potato starch. In addition, a large number of recipes are available for the preparation of which eggs are not required.

Soy allergy diet

It is necessary to exclude dishes in which this product is used, incl. some sausages, sausages, minced meat, dough, coffee, chocolate, ice cream, margarine. Do not eat soy sauce.

In case of hypersensitivity to yeast, you should not:

• muffin;
• vinegar;
• sauerkraut;
• dairy products;
• fruit juices;
• kvass;
• alcoholic drinks, especially beer (especially true for teenagers!).

Diet for other diseases

With hemorrhagic vasculitis, which has another name - allergic purpura - diet therapy is very important. On the one hand, food allergy is often the cause of autoimmune aseptic inflammation. On the other hand, one of the main elements of the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis is the appointment of hormonal drugs.

However, this disease is not treated on an outpatient basis, all children are necessarily placed in a hospital, so it is easier to follow a diet. Should be excluded:

• causative allergens (if any);
• products that have ever caused adverse reactions, including allergies or food intolerances;
• obligate allergens.

With Quincke's edema, the diet should also be selected in accordance with the allergic history. If this condition was caused by an insect bite or the administration of a drug, a non-specific diet is sufficient. In the case when the edema was provoked by a food allergen, its exclusion is absolutely necessary.

Hypoallergenic diet for children of all ages

The data above is pretty generic. However, it is impossible to deny that the nutrition of a child at the age of 8 months and 16 years is categorically different things. That is why it is important to highlight the features of a hypoallergenic diet for children of different ages.

Nutrition for children up to a year

For infants, the main allergen is cow's milk protein. That is why products based on it are introduced into complementary foods late, not earlier than the 8th month of life. As for the main type of nutrition, this issue is relevant for those children who are on artificial or mixed feeding.

A mixture of cow's milk is contraindicated for them, hypoallergenic products are needed, for example:

• Nutrilon Pepti;
• Nutrilak Peptidi;
• Tutteli-Peptidi;
• Nutramigen;
• Pregestimil;
• Frisopep AS.

For children with other types of allergies, hypoallergenic mixtures should also be prescribed, however, it is acceptable to use food based on moderately or partially hydrolyzed casein:

• Nutrilak GA;
• Nutrilon GA;
• Humana GA;
• GA theme
• and etc.

In the event that the child is breastfed, it is necessary to adjust the nutrition of the nursing mother. She may be given a dairy-free or gluten-free diet, or a non-specific hypoallergenic diet may be recommended.

Nutrition for children from one to three years

During this period, diet therapy is especially important.

Hypoallergenic diet for children 1 year old:

1. necessarily implies the exclusion of milk.
2. Dairy products are allowed if they are well tolerated.
3. It is impossible to give the child products from the group of highly allergenic, it is unacceptable to switch to a common table, the food should be lightly salted, without spices, preferably without chemical additives.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child 2 years old:

• allows the introduction of chicken and quail eggs with good tolerance, but does not allow the transition to a common table.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child of 3 years:

• already makes it possible to transfer the child to an "adult" diet, fish and nuts are allowed.
• However, even with a favorable course of the disease, it is not recommended to give the child chocolate, cocoa, tropical fruits, strawberries and wild strawberries, mushrooms, citrus fruits, tomatoes, seasonings.

Diet No. 5 GA for children 1-3 years old - menu

Sample menu for a day of a hypoallergenic diet for young children.

Diet for allergies in children older than three years, adolescents

By and large, a hypoallergenic menu for a week for a child of three and twelve years old differs only in the amount of servings. However, it is much easier to control small children than older ones: pocket money appears, time spent outside the attention of parents.

In older adolescence, prohibitions on:

• alcoholic drinks;
• fast food;
• products with a large number of dyes, flavors, flavorings.

Thus, the formation of a hypoallergenic diet is a very responsible process, in which it is important to take into account many factors, such as the type of allergy, the age of the child, and the trigger factor. Therefore, it is better to entrust the preparation of the diet to a specialist.

We must not forget that the observance of a hypoallergenic diet for children is one of the most important, and sometimes the main, element of the treatment of an allergic disease.

Allergy-center.com

Allergy: risk factors and symptomatic manifestations

This disease is a rejection by the digestive system of a child of a certain category of products - allergens. A negative reaction of the body can manifest itself both immediately after eating food, and after a long time - in the second case we are talking about the so-called delayed disease.

We list the main reactions of the child's body that can be observed with allergies:

1. Skin manifestations. This group of symptoms includes rashes and redness, as well as dry skin. Another unpleasant consequence is itchy skin. Untimely adoption of measures can lead to the fact that the described reactions develop into allergic dermatitis.
2. Reactions of the digestive tract. This group of consequences often includes abdominal pain, nauseous reactions, regurgitation and vomiting. In most allergy sufferers, there is also a violation of the stool of various kinds, swelling. Dysbacteriosis can also refer to the described symptomatic group.
3. Problems with the respiratory system. The baby's body can signal allergies with symptoms such as nasal congestion or a runny nose.

Individually, these symptoms may be due to other diseases, but the presence of reactions from different groups is almost always an indicator of an allergic deviation. The factors for the occurrence of atopy can be completely different:

• violation by the mother of the postulates of healthy eating;
• inadequate development of the digestive system;
• intestinal infections in infancy;
• artificial nutrition introduced too early;
• excessive nutrition;
• too early use of highly allergenic foods, etc.

Whatever the cause of the allergy, the nutrition of a child with such a disease should be carefully monitored by parents in order to avoid further development of the disease and complications.

Reference: Scientists have proven that the main cause of childhood allergies is most often the use by the mother of products containing food colorings - both during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.

Allergens

An allergy is an individual intolerance to a particular product, therefore allergens are different in each case. However, all of them can be classified into three groups, which are presented in the table below.

Statistics say that in 90% of cases, allergic symptoms in babies are caused by milk. Many consider cow's milk to be a good companion for first foods, which eventually turns into problems with the digestion of children. Rejection of this fluid usually manifests itself in the first years of life. The reason for the negative reaction of the body are protein components (for example, albumin), which are found in large quantities in milk. A good alternative is fermented milk products, which are much less likely to cause food allergies and are in the low-risk group.

In second place in terms of the frequency of negative reactions is fish - for almost everyone who has ever encountered an allergy, it is included in the list of significant allergens. The children's body may not tolerate both individual varieties and seafood in general. A feature of the "fish" allergy is that it often does not go away and is observed throughout a person's life. The main reason for the intolerance of this product is the specific proteins contained in river and sea products, which, moreover, do not disappear during heat treatment.

In third place are chicken eggs. A negative reaction to food of this kind is most often accompanied by undesirable reactions of the body to poultry meat and broths on it. It is noteworthy that egg white is much more likely to cause allergy symptoms than the yolk. Intolerance to cereals such as rye and wheat is also often observed, and allergies to rice and buckwheat are less common. In recent years, there has been an increase in cases of allergy to soy, which has become too commonly used as a milk substitute.

For children under the age of six months, multiple allergies are most often characteristic, when the body is susceptible not to one, but to several foods. One of the varieties of such a disease is cross-allergy, which consists in the manifestation of symptoms when using the main product and its analogues: for example, milk and sour cream, apple and pear, etc.

Important: At the first sign of an allergy, unadapted (not intended for children) store products should be abandoned: this includes juices, yogurts, instant cereals, etc. The dyes and preservatives contained in them will only add fuel to the "fire" of the disease.

How to identify an allergen?

Determining what exactly a child is allergic to can be very difficult. A significant narrowing of the diet and the exclusion of such highly allergenic foods as milk and meat from it can harm the baby's body, because such food is the main source of protein necessary for growth and development. Therefore, it is advisable to start looking for the allergen as soon as the first symptoms appear.

Begin the process of identifying allergenic foods by keeping a food diary. The principle is simple: all meals are recorded in printed or paper form, indicating the date, time, foods consumed and their quantity. Allergy symptoms are recorded in the same diary. In this case, as mentioned above, the reaction can be both instantaneous and delayed. Comparing data from the two areas most often helps to determine which food causes a negative reaction in the body. It is better to add new products slowly, and do it in the morning, so that you can track the baby's health throughout the day. If there are no adverse reactions within 72 hours, the next product can be added.

If an allergen is identified, it must be immediately removed from the child's diet. Re-introduction of the product can be tried after 3-4 months - as a rule, during this period, enzymes are formed that can withstand allergic effects. If the symptoms recur, then it is better to postpone eating this kind of food for at least a year.

Important: It is better to study the food diary together with an allergist who can more accurately assess the situation and identify allergens that may not be visible to the unprofessional eye.

There is also a medical way to determine the products that cause unwanted reactions - an allergen test. However, this method by itself is unlikely to give the desired results - a blood test will only show possible allergenic factors that cannot provide accurate information without keeping a diary. For older children, it is also possible to use an injection test - this method involves the introduction of a small dose of the alleged allergen subcutaneously. The injection helps to make sure that you are allergic to a certain substance.

Diet for allergies

The main element of the allergy treatment process is diet. Often, manifestations of the disease are found in breastfed infants - this means that the mother's diet needs to be adjusted. The first product to be excluded is usually cow's milk, further actions depend on the presence of allergic reactions after such an adjustment.

In the case when the child is bottle-fed, special attention should be paid to the mother's milk substitutes used. It is possible to use substitutes such as mixtures based on goat's milk or fermented milk products, which allow you to maintain the level of protein necessary for development. If such options are also accompanied by allergies, then soy mixtures should be used. In any case, manipulations with the baby's diet should be carried out only after receiving the recommendations of the pediatrician.

A mother who is breastfeeding a child needs to follow a hypoallergenic diet. It may include the following foods:

• boiled beef;
• soups and broths on vegetables (preferably without red and orange vegetables);
• vegetable oil;
• cereals;
• yogurt without additives;
• pickled cheese;
• green fruits and vegetables (cucumber, apple, cabbage, herbs, peas);
• dried fruits;
• yeast-free pita bread or dried wheat bread.

When cooking, it is better to refrain from using salt and other spices. If even with such a diet there are rashes or other negative reactions, you can try to exclude one of the products for several days so that it is possible to determine the allergen.

Tip: Do not delay going to the doctor in the hope of getting rid of the symptoms yourself: perhaps the reaction is the result of another disease, and an untimely examination can only aggravate the situation.

Video - Mom's nutrition and child's allergies

Food for children with allergies

The introduction of the first complementary foods is a difficult task for any mother. In the presence of allergies, there are even more questions, and parents are lost in the process: where to start, in what quantity and how to choose complementary foods. The general principle is this: children who have allergies switch to artificial feeding later than their peers. Allergy most often indicates an underdevelopment of the digestive tract, and too early complementary foods in this case can adversely affect the growth and proper development of the child.

For all children, the first product that can be introduced is mashed vegetables. In a normal situation, such complementary foods can be introduced at 6 months, for allergy sufferers it is better to postpone the process for 2-3 months. In any case, this is a very individual question, and only a personal pediatrician can tell a more accurate date. How to choose vegetables for puree? The ideal choice would be those products that are natural for the region where the child lives. In Russia, it can be cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini. But with the introduction of tomatoes it is better not to rush - in general, all vegetables that have a bright color can provoke undesirable reactions of the child's body. When introducing any complementary foods, it is important to follow the principle of consistency: at least 10 days should elapse between trying new products. They begin to introduce the product literally drop by drop, gradually increasing portions to several tablespoons.

The next type of complementary foods is cereals. You need to start introducing them at least a month later than vegetable purees, so that the baby's body has time to adapt to new products. Porridges are prepared without adding milk and salt, but you can put a teaspoon of butter. If parents prefer dry cereals, be sure to make sure that there are no dairy products and gluten in the composition.

After testing vegetables and cereals, you can begin to introduce meat puree. To do this, it is better to opt for horse meat or rabbit, and low-fat pork and turkey also rarely cause allergies. Beef is next in safety, but allergy sufferers should offer chicken meat last. The basic principles for introducing such complementary foods are the same as those outlined above. Most often, meat puree is added to vegetable puree, starting with the smallest doses.

Upon reaching the age of one year, fruits can be added to the child's diet. Preference is given to products that have a green color, better - growing in the region where the baby lives. Gradually, the menu can be enriched with bananas, plums, apricots - the main thing is not to forget to follow all the reactions of the young organism. Products that in the table above were classified as a highly allergenic group can be introduced into the diet of a child only after 1.5-2 years and with great care.

Important: When choosing complementary foods, pay special attention to naturalness, expiration date, absence of nitrates and harmful impurities - this will avoid aggravating allergic manifestations.

Video - Nutrition for Allergic Children (Part 1)

Video - Nutrition for Allergic Children (Part 2)

How to reduce food allergenicity?

Helpful cooking tips for kids with allergies:

Probably, it makes no sense to mention that the most useful cooking abilities are boiling (especially steaming), stewing and baking. By the way, it is important to know that even with heat treatment, fruits do not lose their allergic properties, which is why their use begins so late.

Menu for older children

Children over the age of 3 usually eat a much wider range of foods. Therefore, the conditions of the diet for them are more stringent, in particular:

1. If an allergic deviation is suspected, all products classified as a high risk group are removed from the child's usual menu. It is for children aged 3-4 years that the diary and medical allergy tests that have already been described are best suited.
2. After identifying allergens, an individual menu is drawn up (be sure to consult with a pediatrician). Foods that cause negative reactions of the body are completely excluded from the diet. A hypoallergenic diet is observed for 1-3 months - usually during this period, the external traces of the disease completely disappear.
3. When there are no external signs of the disease, the gradual introduction of allergic products can be started. The principle is very similar to the introduction of the first complementary foods: the allergen is introduced in very small doses with a gradual increase in the amount to the standard; at least 10 days should elapse between the introduction of different products. With the repetition of allergic reactions, it makes sense to postpone the expansion of the menu for several months.

In conclusion, I would like to say the following: today allergy is a disease that is inherent in most children around the world. It is curable and certainly not a sentence - therefore, young parents should avoid panic, which can prevent an adequate assessment of the situation and timely access to specialists. If you follow special hypoallergenic diets and carefully monitor the health and behavior of the child, you can get rid of allergies quite quickly and painlessly.

Dyshidrosis in children

Allergies in the modern world are quite common in babies. To understand the reason why even the smallest children suffer from this disease, no one has yet succeeded. There are a number of factors that can cause this ailment: poor ecology, high toxicity of the materials from which toys and clothes are made, poor-quality food, drinking water, etc. As sad as it sounds, but if your little one has a menu for this illness of the child, it is always accompanied by a diet, from which all food that can cause this ailment is excluded.

Hypoallergenic diet - a list of prohibited foods for children

If doctors or parents managed to determine what their crumbs are allergic to, then this alleviates the problem, because removing one or a couple of foods from the diet is much easier than a whole list. But for those who do not know this, first of all, it is worth excluding the following products:

• red fish and caviar, seafood;
• products containing soy and gluten;
• whole cow's milk and eggs;
• exotic fruits: pineapples, kiwi, pomegranates, bananas, as well as red apples, peaches, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes;
• red vegetables: peppers, tomatoes, etc.
• honey, chocolate, cocoa, nuts.

For children up to a year, it primarily involves adjusting the mother's menu if the baby is breastfed, and excluding the above products from the diet. In addition, food that does not cause allergies is introduced as complementary foods: cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice), meat purees (rabbit, turkey), vegetable purees (zucchini, various types of cabbage, cucumber, etc.), fruit juices, purees and compotes.

Hypoallergenic diet for children from 1 to 2 years old - menu

The nutrition of a baby of this age is steamed, baked or boiled dishes. As a rule, vegetables are ground in a blender to a puree consistency and served with 1 teaspoon of oil (olive, linseed, sesame). It is preferable to give meat dishes from minced meat (steam cutlets, meatballs, etc.). So, a one-day menu for a toddler of this age, provided that he does not eat breasts or a mixture, will look like this:

Breakfast: cottage cheese with a spoonful of low-fat sour cream and a baked apple (you can grind in a blender to a puree consistency), green tea or dried fruit compote with biscuit cookies.

Dinner: soup with turkey meatballs with potatoes and vegetables. Buckwheat porridge with a steam cutlet. Juice. From bread, only loaves and bread "Darnitsky" are allowed.

Afternoon snack: rice casserole, kefir.

Dinner: pea puree and lazy cabbage rolls. Fruit puree. Juice or green tea.

Late dinner: jelly or kefir. If the child is hungry, then he can be offered biscuit cookies, bread rolls.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child 2-3 years and older

Nutrition for children of this age is based on the same principles as for babies of an earlier age. More details on the menu can be found below:

At an early age, one of the health problems in children is food allergies, which can occur from a very young age. If up to a year the nutrition of children is more or less clear, they need breastfeeding and a smooth and accurate introduction of complementary foods, or nutrition with special hypoallergenic mixtures for allergy sufferers, then after a year, when it is necessary to expand the child's diet, there are difficulties in nutrition.

On the one hand, I want to diversify the child’s menu and introduce a variety of foods into the diet, bringing food as close as possible to the common family table, on the other hand, I absolutely don’t want to get severe allergic reactions to foods, which will make food very limited and very scarce, difficult to choose products and cooking process. For the prevention of allergies in high-risk children (who have allergies in the family or who had allergies in early childhood), as well as for the treatment of those children who in one way or another periodically manifest allergic reactions to products, it is necessary to develop a complete composition, but at the same time a hypoallergenic diet.

Of course, each child will have his own diet, and it will depend on the age and characteristics of the reaction to certain food groups, but in general, the general principles of dietary nutrition for allergy sufferers are reflected in a non-specific hypoallergenic diet - it is called table No. 5 GA (hypoallergenic ). Naturally, for allergy sufferers, keeping a food diary does not lose its relevance at all, which is recommended to start in the first year of life. It reflects all the new products that the child tries and the baby's reactions to their introduction, the type of reaction, the severity of the reactions and the time of occurrence.

The basis of a hypoallergenic diet.
The diet is based on all the principles of a healthy and nutritious diet; when developing this diet, all the physiological needs of children for basic nutrients, vitamins and minerals, as well as the energy needs of a growing body, taking into account the physical activity and age of the patient, are taken into account. The ideal option is to develop such a diet together with a pediatrician, allergist or nutritionist, but you can take a standard diet as a basis and create your own complete menu for your child.

The development of this diet has become a necessity due to the high incidence of digestive problems and the development of food allergies in children after they reach the age of one and adolescents. In addition, a pattern was noted in the development of allergies in those children who initially had problems with the digestive system. Therefore, the classic diet No. 5 (which is intended for children with diseases of the liver or biliary system) was taken as the basis of the hypoallergenic diet. The hypoallergenic diet No. 5 provides for gentle culinary processing of food, all dishes in it are steamed, or boiled and baked. At the same time, the food temperature range is from 20 to 60 degrees.

All products with increased allergenic activity and sensitizing potential, which may contain food colorings or emulsifiers and preservatives, are excluded, in addition, dishes that have properties that do not specifically irritate the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are excluded. The basis of the diet are:
- the whole variety of cereals, with the exception of semolina as the most unhealthy and potentially allergenic,
- a variety of fermented milk products, but without flavorings and fruit additives, sugar,
- mild hard cheeses,
- low-fat meats - beef, rabbit, pork without fat, horse meat or turkey,
- specialized canned meat, designed specifically for children,
- various vegetables of a soft color - cabbage of any variety, zucchini and squash, light varieties of pumpkin, young greens, green peas, green beans,
- from fruits and berries, the basis of the diet is made up of white and green apples, pears, light varieties of plums and cherries, red and white currants, gooseberries. Juices from these fruits and berries, natural or boxed for baby food, are also acceptable, but juices must be strictly diluted with boiled water by at least a third or half.
- tea without fruit additives and flavorings is allowed,
- use vegetable oils, melted butter,
- fructose can be used for sweetening, but very carefully, but ordinary sugar, if possible, should be excluded,
- Inedible breads, cereals, corn and rice sticks without sugar, cereals from the same cereals, drying without additives will be useful.

Now about those products that should be excluded.
All foods that are excluded from a hypoallergenic diet have certain properties that make them potentially dangerous. So, for example, there is a group of products that most often cause true allergies in children, these include whole cow's milk, chicken (especially the skin), fish, especially sea, soy products, various seafood (shellfish, squid, shrimp) . True allergens also include tomato and nuts (especially peanuts and especially with skins), eggs, spinach, cocoa, bananas, grapes and strawberries.

There is a group of products that are not complete allergens, but in the body of babies and people with hypersensitivity to allergic reactions, they can provoke special reactions - the release of mast cells (which are responsible for the development of all symptoms) of a special substance - histamine. They give these cells a signal to contract and release a lot of histamine - histamine gives vascular reactions, swelling, redness and severe itching. These products include spices, especially exotic ones, pineapples, chicken meat, chocolates and all the above products.

Many of the products can contain both histamine itself and some other substances dangerous for allergy sufferers - they are called biogenic amines. They usually give a specific taste and aroma to products, but they have such an unpleasant side effect. In addition to the products listed above, these include sauerkraut, peppers, spicy cheeses, especially with mold or spices, and rhubarb.

There is a group of products that have special properties, they help allergenic substances to be more actively absorbed and exert their effect in the body. These are the so-called extractive substances that excite the digestive system, irritate the walls of the stomach and intestines, increasing their permeability to allergens. These foods include organ meats (especially liver and kidneys), asparagus and spinach, mature peas, Brussels sprouts, beans and lentils, cocoa, strong tea and coffee. These foods in the diet of allergy sufferers should be strictly limited.

For allergy sufferers, products are also relevant. Which have an irritating effect on the digestive system, they can cause increased allergic reactions and unpleasant symptoms from the digestive tract. This includes spices, horseradish and mustard, radish and radish, sorrel and garlic, products with artificial additives and all kinds of chemicals, the same drinks.

Dyes from brightly colored fruits and vegetables can become dangerous for allergy sufferers - these are products such as carrots, beets, raspberries, apricots, blackberries, peaches, pomegranates, red and black grapes (white varieties are less allergenic), kiwi, sea buckthorn and pineapples. These fruits should be introduced only in small pieces and only under the strict control of the food diary.

How to expand the diet?
Of course, after reading all of the above, you can be very upset and think about what to feed the child, because half of the usual foods and dishes are simply not for him. But not everything is as bad as it seems at first glance. Such strictness in the diet is necessary during periods of exacerbations and with severe allergic reactions. With a predisposition to allergies or good tolerance to foods from the diet, you can gradually expand the diet, the main thing is not to rush and not try to joyfully shove all the goodies into the child at once. Remember the food diary, he is our main assistant in expanding the diet. If the baby tolerates the diet well, you can gradually add to the diet:
- semolina porridge, durum wheat pasta,
- milk and sour cream in dishes, cottage cheese, yoghurts with soft fruit additives,
- butter and white bread of the highest grade,
- chicken (strictly without skin) and lamb,
- pre-soaked vegetables - carrots and turnips, garlic and onions, lettuce and cucumbers,
- you can expand the fruit range - add plums and cherries, blackcurrants, bananas, lingonberries, rosehip broth, cranberry or blueberry fruit drinks.
Just don’t give several new products at once at once, if a reaction occurs, it will be difficult to track which specific product it happened to and you will have to return to a strict hypoallergenic diet again. Start the introduction of a new product with a small dose - a couple of pieces or berries, weighing about 10-20 grams will be enough to determine whether there is a reaction or not. We monitor the child's condition for at least a day - there may be early ones - in the very first hours and minutes, and late reactions - after 12-24 hours.

Tomorrow we will continue to discuss the nuances of hypoallergenic diets for children over a year old.

Nutrition for food allergies in children after a year, some nuances:

Diet for allergies in children of 1 year of age is of particular importance for the growth and development of the child. The baby's menu should contain all the necessary nutrients, while it is vital to exclude provoking foods from the diet.

To balance the diet for an allergic person, it is necessary based on age characteristics, food preferences, recommendations of a pediatrician or allergist.

Clinical picture

WHAT DOCTORS SAY ABOUT EFFECTIVE ALLERGY TREATMENTS

Vice-President of the Association of Children's Allergists and Immunologists of Russia. Pediatrician, allergist-immunologist. Smolkin Yuri Solomonovich

Practical medical experience: more than 30 years

Ignoring the characteristics of childhood allergies, the expectation that the child "outgrows" himself can lead to the development of serious diseases, such as bronchial asthma, eczema, and chronic intestinal disorders.

Milder cases get by with a lag in physical, emotional, cognitive development.

Food allergies - causes and manifestations

Allergic diseases suffer more and more people and it often manifests itself in newborns. Pathological irritants can be chemicals, household dust, wool and animal excretions, but most often, allergies in infants begin with an inadequate reaction to food.

In mild cases, this is a reaction to the errors of the mother's diet during breastfeeding. In more severe cases, a congenital allergy to cow protein or complementary foods.

note! Dietary nutrition is the main condition for effective treatment of manifestations of food allergies in children.

Causes of food allergies in children:

• hereditary predisposition;
• mom's diet errors;
• early artificial feeding;
• wrong diet with the introduction of complementary foods;
• overfeeding, unbalanced diet.

Adjusting the diet for allergies in children in the early stages can prevent the development of sensitization. You may suspect an allergic reaction in a child if any of the following symptoms are present.

Dermatological symptoms

Childhood diathesis is the most common manifestation of early childhood allergies with an inappropriate diet. The child's cheeks turn red, the places behind the ears (popularly known as "scrofula"), the skin on the elbows, under the knees, in the groin.

A rash may appear on the chest and back. In advanced cases, redness or rash turns into weeping foci of inflammation. All this is accompanied by itching, children's anxiety, crying. How to get rid of allergies?

If the diet is not adjusted at the first manifestations of allergies, then dermatitis, a secondary infection of the skin, may develop.

Children with food allergies often get colds. Violations of the diet lead to the fact that damage to the mucous membranes is added to the dermatological external symptoms.

Allergic manifestations from the respiratory system

The diet of children with food allergies is closely related to the functioning of their respiratory system. The body of a newborn responds to errors in the mother's diet with inflammatory reactions in the nasopharynx and bronchi.

This is expressed in a "causeless" runny nose, subfebrile temperature, shortness of breath.

Symptoms of the digestive system

Mom's diet affects the digestion of children who are breastfed. A hypoallergenic diet is recommended to a woman during pregnancy to prevent the birth of a child with allergies.

Food that is included in the group of strong allergens is prohibited. If a nursing mother adheres to a diet, and a newborn spits up a lot, suffers from colic, gains weight poorly, has an unstable stool, then he can be suspected of having a food allergy.

note! One of the manifestations of an allergic reaction of the body in children is persistent dysbacteriosis.

Food allergies in children are rarely limited to one manifestation. In an allergic person, one can note a combination of negative manifestations of several body systems at the same time.

With diathesis, frequent colds are characteristic. With indigestion in a baby with allergies, the skin becomes thinner, dry and very sensitive. Errors in the diet are instantly reflected on the skin with redness, rash, itching.

What causes allergies?

With food sensitization in children, it is important to identify foods that should be excluded from the diet for an allergic person. This point is the key to effective therapy.

Sometimes it is enough to adjust the mother's diet so that the baby disappears manifestations of diathesis. With age, sensitization to certain foods in most cases fades. However, it is unacceptable to rely on the fact that the allergy “will pass by itself”.

Cross allergy

"Cross-allergy" is a term that refers to an allergy to "related" foods that contain a single food intolerance protein.

For example, if a child is allergic to cow's milk, then with a high degree of probability he will have a high sensitization to beef, sour cream, cheese, butter, eggs and chicken. All these products contain albumin, a special protein that provokes allergies.

Food that is a potential allergen can be divided into three groups according to the degree of aggressiveness.

The main allergenic foods that should be excluded from the diet of an allergic person are presented in the table.

Industrial processing products deserve special attention - they should be completely excluded from the diet of a nursing mother, feeding an allergic child.

Note! If you cannot refuse to use ready-made juices, purees, curds, then be sure to conduct a strict qualification for children's adaptation of food. Look for hypoallergenic baby food products.

Remember that industrially processed food contains preservatives, dyes, flavors, sweeteners, which are the strongest allergens not only for children, but also for adults.

Manufacturers use chemical additives in the manufacture of processed milk, fruit and vegetable purees, juices, soda, flavored teas, semi-finished meats, sausages, sausages, etc.

How to find an allergen?

You can determine the allergen on your own only when monitoring the diet of the mother or baby, if he eats autonomously. The doctor will advise you to keep a food diary, where you will need to write down everything you eat and drink during the week.

Analyze the diet should be in conjunction with the doctor. Suspicious or obviously provocative foods are removed from the diet. The reaction of the child is noted on those remaining in the diet.

In most cases, if an allergy in children to a new product appears immediately, the mother independently notices the negative reaction of the baby. She, on her own or on the recommendation of a pediatrician, removes the allergen from the diet.

In difficult cases, when food allergies are combined with other types, special testing of children for allergenic foods is carried out. The diet is adjusted based on the survey data.

Diet for children of the first year of life

For newborns, the main and best food is human milk. Breastfeeding should be maintained as long as possible in any available volume. If the mother does not have enough milk, then the baby needs to be supplemented with a hypoallergenic mixture according to age.

note! If the baby is breastfed, then the mother's diet should be adjusted, and not transferred to an adapted formula.

Allergists recommend removing dairy products from the mother's diet if the baby is prone to allergies. You can leave porridge in milk, but pre-boil the cereal in water. Limit salt intake, exclude sugar from the diet.

Table of prohibited products

With food allergies in children, complementary foods should be introduced with extreme caution. The diet of the baby should include foods that are in the third group in terms of the degree of allergenicity.

Complementary foods are introduced at the following times:

• when breastfeeding at 6 months;
• with artificial - a month earlier.

With severe allergies, the period of the first complementary foods can be shifted up to 9 months.

The first complementary foods are hypoallergenic purees from zoned vegetables. Up to a year, eggs, tomatoes, red berries, compotes and jelly based on them are excluded.

An allergy to potatoes makes it necessary to eliminate bananas from the diet, although they are a good complementary food option for healthy children. With caution, white bread, cookies (only for children) are introduced into the diet for allergies.

note! The general rule of thumb for safe complementary foods is 1 food per week. The gradual change in diet allows the body of children to better adapt to nutrition.

The second complementary food is cereals on water or with the addition of milk. The diet for an allergic person excludes semolina and rice porridge. Next, meat food is introduced into the diet.

It is of great importance for the full formation of the body of children. Hypoallergenic meat is rabbit, turkey, lean beef. Chicken, although popularly considered a light meal, may not appear in the diet of children with allergies until the 2nd year of life.

Nutrition for children after a year

The diet for allergies varies by age. So children are not recommended to give fish up to 3 years. Poultry, rabbit meat is administered up to 9 months of age. For the development of the child's body, a sufficient amount of protein is of great importance.

When compiling a dietary menu for allergies, protein products (meat, cottage cheese, eggs) should be alternated, the possibilities of vegetable proteins should be used to the maximum.

Note! Recently, there has been a trend of developing an allergy to soy protein. Experts attribute this to a large number of hypoallergenic soy-based baby foods. soy products should not be given to a child unless such a diet is prescribed by an allergist.

Sample menu for a week for a baby from 2 years

When compiling a menu for a week, it should be understood that a baby with an allergy may not want the proposed dish. Do not force feed him. Portions should be moderate, and the amount eaten is regulated by the child's appetite (excluding overeating).

With a tendency to allergies, in baby food it is important to follow the rules of cooking:

• first courses are prepared without the use of strong meat, fish broths;
• dishes are not fried, but stewed, boiled, baked, stewed or steamed;
• do not use vinegar, other marinades in cooking;
• do not use sugar, animal fats, tomato paste.

An allergy diet should include a wide range of permitted foods in order to saturate the body with nutrients as much as possible. As soon as restrictions on any product are removed, it is immediately added to the main diet.

What can children with allergies eat on a diet?

The table below shows the allowed foods for those children who are on a diet due to food allergies.

A strict hypoallergenic diet is followed until the moment when the external manifestations of allergies completely disappear in children. As a rule, in children at 3-4 years old, it takes from 1 to 3 months. Then it follows gradually, like complementary foods for babies, to introduce new foods into the diet, moving “from simple to complex”.

It is very good if parents have the opportunity to purchase food from trusted manufacturers. It is important to cook for children at home, from simple ingredients, avoiding semi-finished products, canned foods with a long shelf life in the diet.

Video