Flatulence causes in adults and treatment. Flatulence in adults: causes, symptoms, treatment. Pathological causes of bloating

Flatulence - as a syndrome of excessive formation or accumulation of gaseous waste products of the process of digestion of food - can occur when more than 600-700 cubic meters are formed in the small and large intestines during the day. see gas.

According to latest version International Classification of Diseases, flatulence ICD 10 is assigned to the XVIII class of symptoms and abnormalities that are observed during clinical examinations. In this class, bloating or flatulence occupies a place in R14, which combines signs of pathologies of the digestive system.

There are three main complaints associated with "gassing": excessive belching, bloating (flatulence), and excessive passing of flatus through the anus.

Gas is usually present in the intestines, either by swallowing air (aerophagia), by direct formation in the intestines, or by diffusion from the blood into the intestinal lumen. The gas diffuses between the intestinal lumen and the blood in direct proportion to the difference in partial pressure. Thus, nitrogen (N) enters the intestinal lumen from the bloodstream, and hydrogen (H) enters the bloodstream from the intestinal lumen.

Causes of flatulence

First of all, the causes of flatulence can lie in elementary overeating, when the amount of food consumed simply does not have time to be qualitatively processed by the body. Often severe flatulence after eating occurs due to the foods that a person eats. Foods that increase gas formation in the intestines include complex carbohydrates, and fats of animal origin, and milk, and various vegetable crops.

The causes of flatulence may be rooted in a congenital or acquired deficiency of digestive enzymes (dyspepsia), which leads to incomplete digestion of food. With this etiology, constant flatulence is accompanied by a feeling of heaviness and a feeling of increased intra-abdominal pressure (in the upper part of the cavity), and sometimes cramping pains. With enzyme deficiency, diarrhea and flatulence are very common. One example of an enzyme deficiency is hypolactasia, an intolerance to milk sugar due to a deficiency of the enzyme beta-galactosidase.

However, in the vast majority of cases, the causes of flatulence are functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. intestinal tract and pathology of the organs of the middle part of the digestive system: stomach, duodenum, pancreas, gallbladder, small and large intestines.

In what diseases is flatulence one of their symptoms?

Flatulence in gastritis, that is, inflammation of the gastric mucosa, is manifested by rumbling in the abdomen, mainly during an exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease, which occurs against the background of low acidity of gastric juice. Most patients with this diagnosis complain of heaviness in the stomach and flatulence.

Nausea, belching, flatulence in the evenings and night pains in the hypochondrium - classic symptoms peptic ulcer duodenum. While irritable bowel syndrome, as well as intestinal dyskinesia, is characterized by flatulence in the morning.

Flatulence in pancreatitis, caused by a malfunction of the pancreas, provokes bloating abdominal wall and rumbling, frequent liquid stool with undigested particles of food and fats. With this pathology, fetid flatulence is noted, which is associated with the predominance of hydrogen sulfide in the intestinal gases (the smell of which is compared with the smell of rotten eggs), indole (it has the smell of naphthalene), skatole and thiols. The 3-methylindole (skatol) released during the decomposition of amino acids has a pronounced fecal odor, and the sulfur-containing thiol (mercaptan) smells simply disgusting and is not in vain part of the protective secretion of skunks.

By the way, odorless flatulence, in the sense of increased flatulence, as well as belching with air, most often occurs with aerophagia (physiological pneumatosis of the stomach) - increased swallowing of air when eating and drinking, poor grinding of food in the oral cavity, with the abuse of carbonated drinks, as well as with prolonged nasal breathing disorder. According to studies, the air entering the intestinal lumen as a result of aerophagia is at least a third, or even half intestinal gases. According to the chemical composition, flatus with odorless flatulence consists of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane.

Flatulence in cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder - develops in parallel with nausea and bitter belching. Heartburn with flatulence constantly occurs in those who have increased acidity of gastric juice or gallstones. And flatulence and temperature above + 37.5-38 ° C are fixed during exacerbation of inflammation of the gallbladder and the occurrence of cholangitis - infectious inflammatory process in the bile ducts.

Flatulence after surgery accompanies almost all clinical cases intracavitary surgery, but especially operations on the stomach, duodenum and gallbladder. Flatulence after removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) is a common and almost inevitable phenomenon, like other symptoms of this disease. clinical condition. So, patients after such an operation for at least another six months suffer from flatulence and back pain (girdle pain), pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, diarrhea, duodenal reflux, etc.

Flatulence and rumbling in the abdomen, as well as diarrhea and flatulence, are on the list of symptoms of inflammation of the small intestine - enteritis, in which digestion in the small intestine is significantly impaired, as well as chronic enterocolitis and stomach ulcers with low acidity.

Flatulence in colitis (inflammation of the large intestine), especially chronic, has the closest connection with the pathology of digestion. Gastroenterologists emphasize that with this disease, belching, bitterness in the mouth constantly appear, nausea, flatulence and temperature (up to fever), constipation and flatulence, diarrhea and flatulence with tenesmus are often - false urges to defecation.

blunt aching pain in the abdomen with flatulence in patients with chronic colitis are felt in the lower abdomen and on the sides abdominal cavity, they become more intense after eating, when walking, and also before a bowel movement. Flatulence and mucus in the feces are also characteristic of an exacerbation chronic colitis, especially for the muco-membranous variety of this disease.

Many women have flatulence before menstruation, which is explained by the specifics of the change hormonal background during the premenstrual period. Flatulence on nervous ground- the so-called psychogenic flatulence - experts associate with increased stress loads, in which the synthesis of adrenaline increases and, as a result, malfunctions in the work of the intestine appear, in particular, its normal motility is disturbed.

Dysbacteriosis and flatulence

The issue of dysbacteriosis and flatulence deserves special consideration because the imbalance of the obligate microbiological environment of the large intestine is one of key reasons pathological gas formation.

The formation of intestinal gases refers to natural, biochemically determined processes, in which colonies of microorganisms living in the intestines that perform enzymatic functions take part. These are gram-positive bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium), lactobacilli (Lactobacillus), gram-negative bacteria - Escherichia coli (E. coli), Eubacteria, Fusobacteria, as well as various types of bacteroids (Acidifaciens, Biacutis, Distasonis, Gracilis, Fragilis, Ovatus, Putredinis, etc. ).

In addition, conditionally pathogenic gram-positive bacteria of the genus Peptostreptococcus anaerobius - Peptostreptococcus Clostridia, enterobacteria Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella, anaerobes of the Propionibacterium family (propionobacteria), etc., help maintain a normal microbiological climate of the intestine.

Dysbacteriosis is expressed, on the one hand, in the disappearance or significant reduction in the number of bifidus and lactobacilli and coli. On the other hand, the proportion of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria is increasing. If there is dysbacteriosis and flatulence, then this means that:

• due to the lack of bifidobacteria, the intensity of enzymatic parietal digestion in the small intestine decreases, the volume of unsplit carbohydrates and amino acids and unabsorbed nutrients increases;
• deficiency of lactobacilli leads to alkalization of the intestinal environment, and, therefore, the activity of decay processes, accompanied by the release of hydrogen and methane, increases;
• the breakdown of lactose in the intestine worsens, which is facilitated by E. coli.

It should be taken into account the fact that if all the gases formed during the digestion of food exited the intestines through the rectum, then this would not be 600-700 cubic meters. cm, and on average not less than 25000-40000 cubic meters. see per day...

But, fortunately, in the intestinal microflora there are not only bacteria that produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, but also microorganisms that absorb these gases. And when the biological balance of their symbiotic relationships is disturbed, it comes to the occurrence of flatulence.

The pathogenesis of bloating

It has been suggested that recurrent periods of crying in 2- to 4-month-old infants are due to a pain termed "colic" that has been associated with occasional bowel spasms or gas. However, studies of infants with colic have not shown any increase in H production or transit time from oral cavity to the caecum. Therefore, the cause of infantile colic remains unclear.

Excessive burping

Belching (eructation) occurs due to swallowed air or gas from carbonated drinks. Aerophagia is usually observed in small amounts during eating and drinking, but some people subconsciously constantly swallow air while eating, smoking, and in other cases, especially when they are excited. Excessive salivation increases aerophagia and may be associated with various gastrointestinal disorders (gastroesophageal reflux disease), ill-fitting dentures, certain medications, chewing gum, or nausea of ​​any etiology.

The most common cause of belching is swallowed air. Only a small amount enters the small intestine; the amount of air probably depends on the position of the body. AT vertical position a person has a free burp of air; in the supine position, the air is located above the liquid level in the stomach, which contributes to its advancement into the duodenum. Excessive belching may also be involuntary; patients who belch after taking antacids may attribute improvement to the belching rather than the antacids, and may therefore intentionally belch in the hope of reducing their symptoms.

The appearance of flatulence may be a consequence various diseases Gastrointestinal (eg, aerophagia, non-ulcer dyspepsia, gastrostasis, irritable bowel syndrome), as well as disorders not associated with the gastrointestinal tract (eg, myocardial ischemia). However, excessive intestinal gas is not directly related to these complaints. In most healthy people, 1 l/h of gas can be injected into the intestine with minimal symptoms. Probably many of the symptoms are mistakenly associated with "too much gas."

On the other hand, some patients with recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms often intolerant of even small accumulations of gas: retrograde expansion of the colon during air injection or distension of the balloon introduced into the intestine, or air insufflation during colonoscopy often causes severe discomfort in some patients (eg, patients with irritable bowel syndrome), but minimal in others . Similarly, patients with eating disorders (eg, anorexia, bulimia) are often sensitive and especially stressed when symptoms such as bloating appear. Thus, the underlying disturbances in patients with "gas" complaints may be due to an overly sensitive bowel. Motility changes can be effective with symptomatic treatment.

Excessive flatus (excessive gas from the intestines)

There is great variability in the amount and frequency of gas discharge from the rectum. As with frequent stools, some people complain of frequent gas, having the wrong idea of ​​what is normal. The average number of flatus is approximately 13-21 per day. Objective fixation by the patient of flatus (the use of a diary by the patient) is the first step in the assessment of violations.

Flatus is a by-product of the metabolism of intestinal bacteria; none of the flatus originates from swallowed air or backdiffusion of gases (primarily N) from the bloodstream. The metabolism of bacteria leads to the formation of significant volumes of H, methane (CH) and is formed in large quantities ah after eating certain fruits and vegetables containing indigestible carbohydrates (eg, baked beans), and in patients with malabsorption syndromes. In patients with disaccharidase deficiency (usually lactase deficiency), large amounts of disaccharides enter the colon and are fermented to form N. Celiac disease, sprue, pancreatic insufficiency, and other causes of carbohydrate malabsorption should also be considered cases of excessive gas production in the colon.

CH is formed when bacteria metabolize exogenous (dietary fiber) and endogenous (intestinal mucus) substances in the colon; the amount of gas produced depends on the nature of the food. Some people constantly excrete large amounts of CH. The tendency to produce large amounts of gas is hereditary, beginning in infancy and continuing throughout life.

It is also formed during the metabolism of bacteria during the reaction of HCO _ and H. The source of H can be gastric HCI or fatty acid; H is released during the digestion of fats, sometimes several hundred meq are formed

Acid residues formed during bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates in the colon can also react with HCO _ to form CO 2 . In this case, bloating of the intestines can sometimes occur, but the rapid absorption of CO 2 into the blood prevents flatulence.

Food plays a major role in gas production patterns in different people, but some factors that are not yet fully understood (eg, differences in colon motility and bacterial flora) may also play a role.

Despite the flammable nature of H and CH 4 , close open flames are not dangerous when gases are released to the outside. However, there are reports of gas explosions, even with fatal results, during operations on the small and large intestine, as well as when using diathermy during colonoscopy; however, the procedures were performed in patients with inadequate bowel preparation.

flatulence symptoms

Symptoms of flatulence - in terms of severity and contributing factors- depend on the disease that causes this phenomenon.

With problems with the gastrointestinal tract, symptoms of flatulence such as:

• sensations of fullness and increased intra-abdominal pressure;
• feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium;
• bloating or bloating;
• borborygmy (rumbling in the stomach);
• increased flatulence (increased frequency and volume of gases excreted through the rectum);
• belching;
• nausea;
• diarrhea or constipation;
• stomach ache.

It is worth a little more detail on the pain in the abdomen with flatulence. With the accumulation of gases, squeezing and uneven stretching of the intestines occurs, which irritates the parasympathetic pain receptors. They transmit signals to the axons of the peripheral nervous system spinal cord, and those, in turn, convey this signal to the brain.

It happens that pain during increased gas formation is felt not in the abdomen, but in the chest on the left - as if the heart aches with angina pectoris. In clinical medicine, such pains are clearly distinguished with flatulence associated with the accumulation of gas in the formed left-sided (splenic) flexure colon below the diaphragm. By the way, such an anatomical anomaly may appear in those who wear too tight clothes or have problems with posture.

And flatulence and pain in the lower back on the right, in the back and right hypochondrium can occur in the presence of a similar bend of the colon, but already between the diaphragm and the liver.

Diagnosis of flatulence

In patients presenting with complaints of belching, a history of the immediate cause of aerophagia, especially diet related, should be identified. Complaints of patients on gas formation and bloating require clarification in the anamnesis of somatic (organic) causes (especially cardiac causes in patients with risk factors). Belching with a long history in young patients without evidence of weight loss is unlikely to be caused by a serious somatic disease, although it must be assumed possible violation eating behavior predominantly in young women. Older patients, especially when new symptoms appear, deserve a full evaluation before proceeding with treatment for increased real or imagined gas.

Physical examination

Examination is rarely informative in patients with belching or flatus. Patients with complaints of bloating, gas formation and pain in the left side require a more detailed objective assessment of symptoms due to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or other pathology.

Study

In the absence of suspicion of a specific somatic etiology, investigation is limited. A rare cause may be an extremely rapid proliferation of bacteria in the small intestine, diagnosed by the H-respiratory test (hydrogen breath test).

Flatulence, which can be a cause of great psychosocial stress, is informally described according to its characteristic features: a "crawler" (a type of "crowded elevator") that is released slowly and silently, sometimes with detrimental effect; open sphincter or "fu" type, in which the higher the temperature, the stronger the odor of the flatus; a type of staccato or drumbeat, pleasant in solitude; and the "barking" type (described in a personal communication), characterized by a sharp, noisy eruption that can quickly break off (and often ends) when speaking. The nature of the smell is not a noticeable feature. Le Pétoman, a French meteorist and entertainer, was known for his phenomenal control of the abdominal muscles, which allowed him to control the emission of intestinal gases. He played melodies with rectal gas on the stage of the Moulin Rouge.

Which doctor should I contact for flatulence? Clarification of the etiology of this symptom complex, the diagnosis of flatulence, as well as recommendations for treatment are within the competence of gastroenterologists.

First of all, the doctor will study the patient's medical history in detail, as well as find out how and what he eats.

To determine the cause of flatulence, an examination should be carried out, which includes:

• general blood analysis:
• Analysis of urine;
• analysis of feces for helminths;
• physicochemical and bacteriological examination feces (coprogram);
• analysis of the level of acidity of gastric juice;
• gastroscopy or colonoscopy;
• radiography of the abdominal organs;
• Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis.

Treatment for bloating

Belching and flatulence are difficult to reduce, as they are usually caused by unconscious aerophagia or hypersensitivity to the usual accumulation of gas in the intestines. To reduce aerophagia, the patient should avoid habits such as chewing gum or smoking. Upper GI disease (eg, peptic ulcer) may be suspected and may cause reflex salivation. Carbonated drinks or antacids should be avoided if burping is associated with them. Should be avoided food products containing indigestible carbohydrates. Dairy products should be excluded from the diet in case of lactose intolerance.

The mechanism of frequent belching must be explained and proven. If aerophagia is unpleasant for the patient, the biological Feedback and relaxation therapy can help them learn to swallow and chew more effectively and change pathological cycle aerophagia - discomfort - belching - relief.

Medicines are not very effective. The drug simethicone destroys small gas bubbles, and various anticholinergic drugs have not been effective enough. Some patients with dyspepsia and a feeling of postprandial fullness in upper divisions stomach often find the effect of the use of antacids.

Treatment for complaints of increased flatus is aimed at eliminating trigger factors. Coarse food (eg, bran, flaxseed) may be added to the diet to speed up passage through the colon; however, in some patients, on the contrary, an increase in symptoms may occur. Activated charcoal helps to reduce gas formation and unpleasant odor, but its ability to stain clothes and the oral mucosa makes it undesirable to use. Chlorophyll tablets reduce odor and are better accepted by patients.

Thus, functional bloating, flatulence, and flatus indicate intermittent, chronic course which is only partially treatable. It is important to convince the patient that these manifestations are not harmful to health.

Intoxication

Intoxication is extremely rare. Zinc intake in the range of 100-150 mg/day disrupts copper metabolism and leads to a decrease in the level of copper in the blood, microcytosis, neutropenia, weakening of the immune system. Absorption of large amounts of zinc (200-800 mg/day), usually from foods and drinks stored in galvanized containers, causes vomiting and diarrhea. Metal fume fever, also called foundry fever or zinc chill, is caused by inhalation of industrial zinc oxide fumes; it leads to neurological disorders. Symptoms resolve after 12–24 hours in a zinc-free medium.

How to treat flatulence?

To the question - how to get rid of flatulence and where to start treatment - any physician will answer: you need to eat right, cure diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and establish the normal functioning of the digestive system, including the intestines. This requires combined etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy.

But flatulence is most often treated with symptomatic medications, trying to reduce excess gas formation and, if possible, prevent it.

How to treat flatulence? By limiting certain foods and taking drugs: sorbents, defoamers that suppress gas formation and carminatives that accelerate the evacuation of gases from the intestines.

You can reduce the intensity of gas formation and bloating by taking the most popular adsorbent - activated charcoal tablets. But he has the ability to absorb not only harmful substances but also essential vitamins, minerals and beneficial gut microbes.

The drug Smecta - dioctahedral smectite (double silicate of magnesium and aluminum) - is used as symptomatic remedy in chronic diarrhea, has absorbent properties. The dose for an adult is 2-3 sachets of powder (for suspension) per day, and the recommended duration of treatment is no more than 7 days. Among the side effects of Smecta are constipation, vomiting and ... flatulence.

The adsorbents also include the drug Polyphepan (375 mg tablets containing hydrolytic lignin), which is recommended for use in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the symptoms of which include diarrhea and flatulence. Tablets are taken orally (1-1.5 hours before meals); for adults daily dose is 12-16 tablets; at chronic pathologies reception is carried out within 10-15 days with breaks of 7-10 days. As a rule, Polyphepan is well tolerated and does not lead to dysbacteriosis. However, it is contraindicated in patients with anacid gastritis, intestinal atony, and in case of exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers.

The drug Almagel (other trade names - Alumag, Maalox, Gestide, Gastal, Palmagel) contains aluminum and magnesium hydroxides, which neutralize the hydrochloric acid of gastric juice. This drug is used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract associated with hyperacidity gastric juice. In addition, due to the content of benzocaine, it acts as a local anesthetic for stomach pain; has an adsorbing, laxative and choleretic action. Almagel is prescribed for adults 1-2 teaspoons 4 times a day (half an hour before meals and at bedtime). The course of treatment is 10-12 days.

Among the carminative antifoam drugs, doctors distinguish (and most often recommend) Simethicone (trade names - Espumizan, Simecon, Espuzin, Alverin, Pepfiz, Sab Simplex, Disflatil, Colikid, Meteospasmyl, Bobotic) - in the form of an emulsion, suspension and capsules. At the core therapeutic effect This tool is an organosilicon polymer polydimethylsiloxane, which is a surface active substance (surfactant). It breaks the bubbles of gases accumulated in the intestines, and they are freely absorbed through the mucous membranes of the intestines or excreted from the body during defecation. Dosage of the drug for adults: 1-2 capsules, or 1-2 teaspoon of emulsion, or 25-50 drops of suspension at a time (after meals, drinking water); should be taken 3 to 5 times a day.

severe flatulence after eating, many doctors suggest treating with Motilium, which is a remedy that stimulates intestinal motility and stops vomiting, as well as reduces belching and bloating in the abdomen. A rapidly dissolving tablet of the drug should be put on the tongue and swallowed without washing down. The active substance of Motilium, domperidone, acts as an antipsychotic (neuroleptic), and its side effect It is expressed in increased production of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland, so that undesirable neuroendocrine effects are possible: galactorrhea, gynecomastia, amenorrhea. If you have problems with the liver, kidneys, cardiovascular system, as well as during pregnancy this remedy contraindicated.

Finally, flatulence and rumbling in the abdomen are successfully treated with carminative medicinal plants: infusions and decoctions of chamomile, dill, fennel or cumin. In the famous medieval medical treatise "Salerno Code of Health" you can read the following: "The accumulation of gases outwards brings the seed from the fennel." And today, the fruits and essential oil of fennel (a relative of dill) are widely used for flatulence - in the form dill water and infusions. To prepare a medicinal infusion, you need to take 2 tablespoons of seeds, brew a glass of boiling water, cover the container with a lid and leave for at least 60 minutes. During the day, drink the infusion several times, 50 ml each.

Exercises for flatulence

For those who like to lie down after a hearty meal, doctors warn: you can “lay down” a lot of problems with the intestines, including flatulence. And for those who want to improve their well-being, they are advised to perform the following exercises daily for flatulence.

• Lie on your back, bend your legs at the knees, raise them above the floor and “pedal” an imaginary bicycle - for 20 seconds three times with breaks of a few seconds.
• Remain in the supine position, bend your legs at the knees and put them shoulder-width apart, stretch your straight arms along the body. Resting on the feet and shoulder blades, raise the pelvis off the floor, remain in this position for a count of 1-2-3-4, and then slowly lower to the starting position. The number of repetitions is 10.
• Lie on your stomach; straight legs at the knees and feet are pressed to each other; arms bent at the elbows are located along the chest. Raise the body from the floor, leaning on the palms of straightened arms, bend your back, tilting your head back. Stay in this position for 5 seconds, then slowly lower back to the starting position. The number of repetitions is 10.
• Stand straight, put your feet shoulder-width apart, raise your bent arms, clasped “in the lock”, behind your head. On inspiration, a forward bend is performed (without bending the legs at the knees), on exhalation - straightening with a backward bend. The number of repetitions is 8-12.
• Starting position, as in the previous exercise, but hands on the waist. At the expense of 1 - raise your hands up, at the expense of 2-3, perform a springy tilt forward with your fingers touching the floor. On account 4 - return to the original position. The number of repetitions is 8-10.

Foods for flatulence: what can and cannot be eaten?

Part of what you can’t eat with flatulence has already been named above (see the Causes of Flatulence section), but we will once again list foods that increase gas formation.

This is bread from rye flour and fresh White bread(as well as all sweet pastries); all legumes (beans, beans, peas, lentils); millet, oats, barley and semolina; fatty meat, all sweets (with the exception of natural honey); whole milk (including powdered milk): pasta; all carbonated drinks.

Flatulent vegetables that cause gas formation: cabbage (white, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, broccoli), potatoes, corn, raw onion, radishes, radishes, cucumbers, peppers, spinach, asparagus, artichokes.

Fruits with flatulence, contributing to increased flatulence: pears, apples, apricots, peaches, grapes, cherries, gooseberries, figs, dates, prunes.

In addition, nutritionists say that some foods with flatulence simply cannot be combined with each other so as not to increase gas formation in the intestines. For example, you should not mix dairy products with anything, eat grain products and sour fruits and berries at the same time, any raw vegetables should not be mixed with any fruits, and potatoes should be used as a side dish for meat.

A logical question arises: what can you eat with flatulence? Everything except what is impossible. That is, you can fermented milk products, cheese, cottage cheese, crumbly cereal side dishes (buckwheat, rice), chicken eggs, boiled or stewed vegetables and lean meat, fruit and berry juices, vegetable and butter, wheat bread is better stale or dried.

Prevention of flatulence

Prevention of flatulence includes several points, namely:

1. It is necessary to eat right (see the section Foods for flatulence).
2. Avoid intestinal dysbacteriosis (systematically eat foods with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotics).
3. Treat existing pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Maintain physical activity in any form - hiking, cycling, swimming, jogging and of course daily exercise(see section Exercises for flatulence).

And in conclusion, take note of the conspiracy against flatulence, which is supposed to be done at dawn or at sunset.

Pour holy water into a large vessel and throw a pinch of salt into it; prepare clean cutlery - a spoon, fork and knife, a church candle, a sheet of white paper and an empty glass jar. The patient should sit next to him.

The following actions: they take a bowl with a jar in their left hand and hold it over the stomach of the person being spoken to, read the words of the conspiracy from flatulence and at the same time baptize the water - with a knife, fork and spoon - in turn. After the end of the conspiracy, it is necessary for the patient to breathe several times over the container.

The words of the conspiracy should be pronounced only once: “The night dreamer is brewed, spoken from bones, from relics, from lived, from half-lived, from a white body, from red blood, from a zealous heart, from a violent head. Do not be in a white body, in red blood, in a violent head, do not get sick, do not prick, do not swell. I do not pronounce, but call the twelve apostles and all the saints. Save, Lord, save, Lord, cover, protect from all sorrows and illnesses, from the night dreamer. Amen".

Flatulence is a pathological symptom that indicates the problems of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, the essence of which is the excessive formation and accumulation of gases, leading to bloating, belching, and excessive flatulence.

Curious facts:

• The term flatulence in Greek means swelling, swelling;
• In the mythology of Rome, there was the God Crepitus, whose field of activity was flatulence, i.e. release of gases through the anal passage;
• The filling of the intestines with gases occurs in 50% due to the ingestion of air from the outside when eating or smoking, when oxygen is split in the blood, gas is released, the formation of gas due to the vital activity of intestinal bacteria;
• A new invention to help people suffering from flatulence is now in the form of special underpants. They have an aromatic insert and charcoal filters. When the gas is released, the stench changes to a pleasant aroma. The recorded record for the frequency of flatulence is 70 times a day according to an English magazine.
• Gas is removed per day in different ways and individually. These are the limits of 50-500 ml. With flatulence, the volume of gases reaches 3 liters.

Types of flatulence and causes

Perhaps the patient does not care what form of flatulence he has, for him it is only discomfort. But for the selection of treatment, the classification of bloating is useful. So, flatulence happens:

1. Mechanical;
2. psychogenic;
3. Alimentary;
4. Circulatory;
5. Digestive;
6. high-altitude;
7. Dysbiotic;
8. Dynamic.

Flatulence, as a symptom, has a cause. To understand the list of causes, one must at least approximately know the structure of the gastrointestinal tract, and, therefore, the possibility of a disease of any organ that will entail its manifestation.

Main common causes:

1. Enzyme system ailments are a common root cause of bloating. The digestive system receives food fragments that have not been processed by enzymes and have not turned into chyme - this is a food lump ready to move through the intestines. Undigested food activates the process of fermentation and decomposition. The factor in the appearance of such fragments is the imbalance of nutrition;
2. Non-compliance with the balance of the microflora of the large intestine. In the activity of the intestinal tract, the lion's share of the formed gases is utilized by its microorganisms in the course of their vital activity. The feeling of bloat is the result of an imbalance between gas-producing bacteria and their utilizing counterparts;
3. Surgical intervention on the organs of the digestive system. The performed operations almost completely upset intestinal motility. This is expressed in slowing down the passage of chyme, as a result of which fermentation processes start, which causes increased bloating;
4. Diseases of the digestive system nullify all efforts with bloating. After curing the root cause, it is easy to get rid of the symptom of flatulence.

Typical pathologies:

• cholelithiasis;
• hepatitis and other liver diseases;
• pancreatitis;
• gastritis and ulcers.

1. Air from the outside that enters the body when swallowed. It can be an appetizing, quick meal, or eating at the same time as talking, or smoking. In any case, it can increase the volume of gases, and if the output is disturbed, bloating occurs;
2. Nutrition quality. The whole subtlety lies in the awareness of the properties of products. Common known for their gas-forming properties give the privilege of their use. Sometimes I really want pea soup! And you can afford such dishes if you have the opportunity to stay with your loved one. Among the products: white cabbage, peas, beans, any soda, milk, whole grains and more.
3. Stress and emotional disorders have their own developmental nature, not least of which is flatulence;
4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. It is characterized by pain for no apparent reason. Abrupt change constipation on diarrhea, delivers a lot of inconvenience.

Diagnosis of pathology

Signs of flatulence are quite simple. But the root cause of the occurrence should be clearly established, based on some surveys.

Among the additional signs are found one at a time or several at once:

• constipation;
• diarrhea;
• heartburn;
• nausea;
• colic of varying intensity;
• bloated belly;
• lack of appetite.

Flatulence that occurs sporadically may not require close attention. Perhaps intestinal discomfort arose after plentiful meals at a wedding or birthday.

In this case, both bloating and copious discharge of gases occur, after which colic and spasms in the intestines disappear. Life is getting better.

Otherwise, if the stomach is stretched like a drum, the touch causes pain and colic, the feeling of bloating reaches the limit, then even the introduction of a gas outlet tube through the anus is not contraindicated in order to remove the threatening situation of pain shock.

And if such a condition often haunts the patient, then it is necessary to treat both the cause of the pathology and its accompanying accompaniments in the form of flatulence.

Turning to a gastroenterologist, it is assumed that the patient will be offered a full range of tests and examinations that can unambiguously establish the cause of flatulence.

The attending physician will suggest an examination:

• general blood and urine tests;
• blood chemistry;
• sugar analysis;
• coprogram;
• analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis and the presence of any microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, helminths);
• X-ray or ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• gastroscopy, colonoscopy.

Additional tools can be used to search for the pathology of which flatulence has become a symptom.

X-ray examination is useful in the search for pathologies:

• stomach ulcers or 12-PC;
• tumors of various localization;
• developmental anomalies;

The essence of the method in the study of X-rays problem areas the patient's body. A special monitor serves as a picture of the examination.

The radiologist fixes the affected areas on x-ray film. For many diseases, detection on the radiograph is characteristic only when using contrast medium administered to the patient rectally or orally prior to the examination.

Ultrasound diagnostics is useful in the following pathologies:

• inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs;
• tumor processes of the digestive system;
• violations of the outflow of bile, the presence of stones.

The essence of the procedure is in the properties of waves that can pass through the material base. Methodically penetrating through the surface of the organ in the areas of seals, ultrasonic signals are either absorbed or reflected.

The reflected pulses take on the character of electrical signals. The flow of electrons, being transformed instrumentally, is displayed on the monitor screen and on photographic film.

The study informs the doctor about cysts, tumors, vascular pathologies.

Endoscopy enriches the diagnosis. For various organs it is done in different ways. But it is clear that during this procedure, a biopsy of the tissues of the affected focus is taken for histology and cytology.

Application by organ foci:

• examination of the sigmoid and rectum is performed by the method of sigmoidoscopy;
• for the esophagus, an esophagoscopy procedure is performed;
• examination of the stomach is performed by gastroscopy;
• the duodenum has a duodenoscopy method;
• the large intestine is examined by colonoscopy.

Traditional and home care

Flatulence has three traditional directions of cure:

Etiotropic medicine is a term that combines the elimination various reasons pathologies that caused flatulence:

• mechanical causes - constipation, are treated with the appointment of laxatives that stimulate intestinal motility, relieve intoxication. Tumor processes are mechanical reasons, although they require surgical intervention;
• non-compliance with the motor function of the intestinal tract allows you to prescribe drugs of the prokinetic group. They increase motility, stimulate intestinal motility.
• elimination of dysbacteriosis is carried out with probiotics that compensate for the optimal intestinal microflora: Linex, Bifiform. Or prebiotics that help restore natural microbiocinosis: Hilak forte.
• with bowel diseases infectious nature use courses of antibiotics that suppress the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, cause their death. Among the drugs are possible: Enterofuril, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin.

The goal of symptomatic therapy is the elimination of single symptoms of pathology.

Dosage forms belong to the group of antispasmodic drugs, the active substance of which relieves the spasmodic tone of the smooth muscles of the digestive system, slightly expands the lumen of the blood vessels.

Flatulence will be easier if you help him with drugs: No-shpa, Papaverine.

Pathogenetic healing, in fact, is aimed at combating excessive gas formation. Groups within their scope:

• Enterosorbents, the action of which is focused on the removal of toxic elements, the protection of mucous walls, the restoration of beneficial microflora: Enterosgel, Phosphalugel;
• Enzymatic agents in which the active substance is digestive enzymes. They help with the absorption of food: Mezim forte, Pancreatin, Creon;
• Carminatives have active substance in its composition, aimed at releasing gases from the intestines: Espumizan.

Can't ignore resources home medicine. Sometimes they work wonders. Of course, they cannot overcome serious pathologies, but they can alleviate episodic flatulence.

A decoction of chamomile acts on all organs of the peritoneum:

• reduces spasmodic processes of the intestine;
• reduces the formation of gases;
• effectively affects flatulence;

Ginger root tea is a good helper in the processing of food, reduces the processes of intestinal fermentation.

A decoction of cumin seeds restores the digestive service, having an effect:

• relieving spasms;
• soothing pain;
• removes fermentation;
• prevents bloating;

A decoction of coriander seeds strengthens the digestive tract, contributes to:

• increased appetite;
• can treat diarrhea and flatulence;
• relieves spasms.

1. Dill seed extract has long been known as a remedy, it is given even to newborns to relieve colic in the intestines;
2. A decoction of mint leaves eradicates many additional symptoms along with flatulence:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• heartburn.

To successfully treat flatulence, you must always remember about physical mobility, regular gymnastics, walking, all this contributes to normal functioning intestinal motility, resulting in reduced flatulence.

stress, emotions, nerve strain create conditions for spasm in the intestines, which subsequently allow excess gases to accumulate.

Maintaining the daily routine, normalizing the regime of work and rest is the key to a favorable outcome in the treatment of flatulence.

An important component of getting rid of bloating lies in the diet, its balance.

Increased gas formation in the stomach, large intestine, or improper removal of gases from them is called flatulence.

Everyone faces this unpleasant symptomatology: men and women (in particular, during pregnancy), regardless of age.

Flatulence can be manifested by heaviness, seething and pain inside the abdomen, passing in the process of gas discharge.

Causes and treatment of increased flatulence

Flatulence is a condition that is characterized by the accumulation of gases within the gastrointestinal tract due to increased fermentation or prolonged constipation.

This condition is associated with pronounced discomfort inside the abdomen as a result of stretching of the intestinal walls, bloating, characteristic grumbling.

Many people mistakenly consider flatulence to be a disease. The intense formation of gases in the gastrointestinal tract is only one of the signs that is caused by a variety of inflammations in the digestive organs or a violation of the diet.

Extremely often, increased bloating is observed in children under 12 months of age. It is caused by the immaturity of the GI tract and insufficient production of certain enzymes.

Often, flatulence in children is provoked by the swallowing of air during feeding as a result of improper capture of the nipple or bottle.

Classification

Experts distinguish the most popular types of increased flatulence in people:

• Alimentary. It is characterized by a violation in nutrition, excessive consumption of products that cause intense fermentation inside the digestive tract, as a result of which gases are formed.
• Dynamic. It suggests a malfunction in the functioning of the intestinal muscles (for example, during exposure to toxins on the body in the process of food intoxication).
• Mechanical. It is characterized by an obstacle in the way of gas discharge (for example, during a tumor process in the gastrointestinal tract).
• Psychogenic. Formed with strong psycho-emotional experiences, stressful situations, hysterical. Occurs infrequently.
• Circulatory. It is characterized by impaired blood flow in the intestinal walls (often observed during progressive cirrhosis of the liver).
• Increased flatulence, which is caused by a malfunction in the functioning of the digestive canal - insufficient production of certain enzymes, intestinal dysbacteriosis.

With intensive formation of gases inside the intestines, patients experience short-term paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen, passing after gas discharge, as well as a feeling of fullness.

Causes of flatulence

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to establish the factors that provoked this phenomenon. The causes of increased flatulence in the gastrointestinal tract are diverse.

• Violation of the enzyme system. The lack of enzymes causes a significant amount of undigested food to penetrate into the terminal sections of the gastrointestinal tract, which contributes to the activation of decay and fermentation of food residues with gas release. In infants, the enzyme system is not adapted, therefore they often experience difficulties with the gastrointestinal tract as flatulence. In adulthood, disorders in the enzyme system are formed due to an inappropriate diet.
• Violation of the intestinal microflora. The imbalance of microflora in the large intestine is considered a fairly popular cause of the phenomenon. AT normal condition most of formed gas will be absorbed intestinal bacteria- gases in the intestines are used by them for their life. An imbalance between bacteria that produce gases and microorganisms that absorb them causes flatulence.
• Surgical intervention in the abdominal cavity. No less common cause of flatulence. There is a stretching of the walls of the intestine due to a decrease in the motor activity of the intestine after an operation on the abdominal cavity. These actions inevitably lead to malfunctions in the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. The slowing down of the proper movement of food causes an increase in fermentation and putrefaction, and consequently an increased production of gases. In addition, gases that accumulate in the lumen of a sedentary intestine provoke painful cramping sensations. Adhesive processes in the gastrointestinal tract and tumors complicate the passage of food and cause flatulence.
• Pathological processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Diseases such as gastritis, duodenitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis can provoke an unpleasant phenomenon.
• Food. The quality of food consumed is considered a popular provoking factor for flatulence. The most harmful products in this regard are legumes and products that are saturated with fiber with coarse fiber. Carbonated water often leads to the accumulation of excess gas in the digestive tract. Products, the processing of which is associated with active fermentation and liquids, where enzymatic and fermentation reactions occur, provoke flatulence.
• stressful situations. Spasms of smooth muscles and inhibition of gastrointestinal motility are manifested during psycho-emotional upheavals and significant emotional stress, therefore these reasons can also provoke a similar phenomenon.

Regardless of the reason that provoked increased gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract, the patient is recommended to contact a specialist. Similar state indicates dangerous diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.

Since flatulence is considered a rather painful and unpleasant condition, it is permissible for the patient to use certain medications that are sold in pharmacies without a prescription.

Symptoms of flatulence

The main signs of the disease are:

• loss of appetite;
• nausea;
• belching;
• paroxysmal pain in the abdomen;
• diarrhea or constipation.

There are 2 main manifestations of the condition, due to which flatulence is diagnosed:

• A significant increase in the abdomen due to the accumulation of gases in the gastrointestinal tract, however, due to spasm of the large intestine, there is no discharge, the patient at this time feels pain, fullness and heaviness.
• There is an active gas discharge from the gastrointestinal tract, which creates significant difficulties in staying in a team. Pain syndrome is not noted, mainly there are complaints about the continuous "grumbling" in the stomach.

Treatment

Previously, before starting the treatment of flatulence, the specialist conducts a diagnosis: analyzes the patient's nutrition and the history of the disease.

After establishing the initial cause that caused flatulence, any medications are prescribed. In addition to drug therapy, traditional medicine helps to eliminate the phenomenon.

Food

Treatment of bloating should begin with a review of the diet. To reduce excessive formation of gases, experts give the following prescriptions.

• Fractional nutrition. During the consumption of a significant amount of food, the stomach is not able to process it, which leads to the processes of decay and fermentation.
• You need to make a meal plan. An adult body should eat about 5 times a day. The optimal amount of time for a break is 3 hours. Otherwise, the food will not be properly processed by gastric juices and enzymes. If another serving is added to undigested food, they will mix and move into the lower gastrointestinal tract.
• You need to chew your food thoroughly. Chewing movements should be done slowly and carefully. It is harmful to eat during a conversation or a walk. This will result in the ingestion of excess atmospheric gas, which, in the process of entering the body, will mix with the intestinal and provoke bloating.
• It is recommended to observe the temperature regime of food. It should not be too hot or cold. Best for warm meals.
• It is best to eat food that is steamed, boiled and stewed. As a result, it is possible to prepare diet meals, well digestible and not "stuck" in the digestive tract. Dishes that are cooked by frying and smoking, the body processes for a long time.
• In order to prevent fermentation, experts recommend eating desserts, fruits and berries 2 hours after eating.
• drinking mode. If there are no contraindications, the volume of fluid should be increased to 1.5-2 liters per day. This prevents constipation, which is accompanied by bloating and flatulence.

Nutritionists advise removing gas-forming products from the diet that provoke flatulence, and saturate them with ingredients that help improve the functioning of the digestive tract.

Medical treatment

Flatulence, as a laboratory sign, can be eliminated by using such medicines:

• Drugs that prevent gas formation in the gastrointestinal tract. These include defoamers based on simethicone - Espumisan, Baby Calm, Dimethicone, Dysfagil, Simicol, etc.
• Enterosorbents. Means that absorb gas bubbles and toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. They include Activated carbon, Polysorb, Enterosgel, Phosphalugel, Entorodez, Carbulose, Chitin, etc.
• Drugs that enhance gastrointestinal motility, and due to this, contribute to the proper discharge of gases - Motilium, Cerucal.
• drugs based on natural ingredients- dill decoction, plantex tea, brewed dill seeds.

When a patient has an increased formation of gases inside the intestines, then in order to eliminate this phenomenon, it is enough to balance the diet.

Probably, flatulence is provoked by excessive consumption of any product.

When, even while following a diet, symptoms do not disappear and continuous bloating worries, it is required to contact a specialist without delay.

Folk remedies

In addition to the use of medications, methods of traditional medicine, for example, aromatherapy, are effective.

Lots of essential oils are characterized by a carminative effect and make it possible to effectively remove gases from the gastrointestinal tract.

It is permissible to use inside or make warm compresses on the stomach with cumin oil, fennel, chamomile, marjoram, mint.

Ingestion of aromatic oil is possible only with a piece of sugar or with almond, olive oils.

Regarding the treatment of flatulence at home, the use of various medicinal plants, for example, teas and infusions with chamomile, peppermint and lemon, fennel, ginger.

Flatulence is considered quite a popular phenomenon. It involves intense gas formation in the digestive tract.

It can be observed in healthy people during overeating, consumption of products, the processing of which provokes an increased formation of gases.

Increased flatulence is not a disease, but one of the symptoms. It can cause significant difficulties for the patient. There are quite a lot of diseases during which the phenomenon is formed.

The reasons are always different. It is necessary to seek advice from doctors if there is severe discomfort.

Hearing the word flatulence, many people experience some inconvenience and psychological discomfort. The fact is that this phenomenon is very common among the population, since the modern pace of life and eating on the go, overeating and eating heavy food are the most significant causes of increased gas production and their pathological retention in the gastrointestinal tract in healthy people.

In the human intestine, a complex process of digestion of food occurs, which is accompanied by gas formation due to the breakdown of complex substances to simple ones. In addition, we periodically swallow air that enters the stomach and then moves through the digestive tract. Another source of gases is blood.

Thus, gases are formed in everyone and leave our body naturally through the rectum (its terminal section) in a volume of approximately 600 ml daily. The specific smell of intestinal gases is associated with the presence of special aromatic compounds in them, such as skatole, indole, hydrogen sulfide - decomposition products of organic compounds.

Flatulence, in fact, is a pathological gas formation of up to 3 liters per day, when the body does not have time to remove and utilize the resulting metabolic products in the form of gaseous substances.

Intestinal gases are foam with many tiny bubbles wrapped in a layer of viscous mucus. This kind of mucus-gas mixture thin layer covers the intestinal mucosa, impedes and disrupts parietal digestion, inhibits enzymatic activity and the natural absorption of nutrients. In this article, we will talk more about flatulence, the causes and treatment of this syndrome.

Causes of flatulence

The reasons for the increased formation of gases in the intestines are very diverse.

• A frequent root cause of this pathology is a violation of the enzyme system

The lack of enzymes causes a large amount of undigested food residues to enter the terminal sections of the digestive tract, which, in turn, activates the reactions of putrefaction and fermentation of undigested food with the release of gases. In young children, the enzyme system is imperfect, so they often experience intestinal problems in the form of flatulence. Violations of the enzyme system occur in adults due to unbalanced nutrition.

• Violation of the intestinal microflora

An imbalance in the microflora of the colon is the second most common cause of flatulence (see). Under normal conditions, the main part of the formed gases is absorbed by intestinal bacteria - they use intestinal gases for their own life. An imbalance between the microorganisms that produce gases and the bacteria that absorb them causes flatulence (see).

• Surgical interventions in the abdominal cavity

The third cause of flatulence is stretching of the intestinal wall due to a decrease in the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract after suffering surgical interventions on the abdominal cavity. Surgical interventions almost completely lead to impaired intestinal motility. The slowdown in the natural movement of food masses provokes an increase in fermentation and putrefactive processes, and hence increased gas formation. Moreover, gases accumulating in the lumen of a sedentary intestine cause unpleasant paroxysmal pain. Adhesions in the intestines and tumors mechanically impede the passage of food masses and thereby provoke flatulence.

• Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract

Diseases such as gastritis, duodenitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis can also be accompanied by flatulence.

• Food

The quality of food intake is a common cause of flatulence in healthy people. The first positions in the list of provocateurs of flatulence are occupied by legumes and foods rich in coarse fiber. Highly carbonated drinks also cause excess gas to build up in the intestines. Products, the digestion of which is accompanied by active fermentation reactions (mutton) and liquids in which their own enzymatic and fermentation reactions occur (kvass, beer) lead to flatulence.

• Stress

Spasm of smooth muscles and slowing down of intestinal peristalsis are also possible against the background of nervous disorders and significant emotional overload, so these reasons can also cause flatulence.

Symptoms and classification of flatulence

Flatulence is classified according to the causes that cause it:

• flatulence on the background of a diet rich in cellulose, as well as due to the consumption of legumes;
• flatulence due to digestive disorders resulting from gastrointestinal pathology;
• intestinal dysbiosis;
• flatulence against the background of a mechanical disturbance of peristalsis (tumors, intoxications);
• flatulence in circulatory disorders of a general and local nature;
• neuropsychiatric disorders and psycho-emotional overload;
• when rising to a height, when there is an expansion of gases and an increase in pressure in the intestines.

Flatulence is manifested by bloating or paroxysmal and cramping pains. Bloating and pain may be accompanied by belching, nausea, loss of appetite, stool retention, or diarrhea.

There are two variants of the course of flatulence

In the first case, the main manifestations of flatulence are an increase in the volume of the abdomen due to the accumulation of gases and difficulty in the discharge of accumulated gases due to spasm of the large intestine. At the same time, a person feels discomfort, pain and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.

The second option is distinguished by a regular, but increased discharge of gaseous products from the intestines.

This phenomenon significantly reduces the quality of life and limits the stay in society. The pain syndrome is mild, more worried about the rumbling and transfusion of intestinal contents, which is clearly audible even at a distance.

Flatulence is also characterized by extraintestinal symptoms:

• burning in the region of the heart
• cardiac arrhythmia
• decreased mood
• sleep disorder
• general weakness
• headache
• arrhythmias

Flatulence treatment

As a rule, treatment includes several successive stages:

• correction of diet and diet;
• treatment of the disease that led to flatulence;
• restoration of the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract by prescribing drugs from the group of prokinetics (metoclopramide, tegaserod, silansetron);
• correction of intestinal biocenosis by prescribing biologics - acylact, bifidumbacterin, (see);
• removal of gases accumulated in the intestinal lumen.

In the treatment of flatulence, adsorbents are actively used, which reduce the absorption of gases and other compounds of toxic origin, and also contribute to the removal of gases (white clay, dimethicone, simethicone, polyphepan, activated carbon,).

When diagnosing an absolute or partial insufficiency in the production of digestive enzymes, the process of digestion of the main components of food is disrupted. as a support and replacement therapy, in this case, enzymatic preparations are indicated - pepsin, natural gastric juice, pancreatin, mezim, creon.

To reduce the pain manifestations of flatulence, antispasmodics are prescribed ().

In the treatment of flatulence that has arisen against the background of nervous shocks and stress, sedatives and sedatives are prescribed.

Folk remedies in the treatment of flatulence

Some plants have a carminative effect: infusions of cumin fruits, dill, coriander, plantain seeds, fennel, mint leaves, chamomile flowers, decoctions of wormwood, St. John's wort and yarrow.

The following unusual methods help to cope with the problem:

• warmed butter or pork fat is generously smeared on the stomach during acute manifestations;
• homemade coal is made from poplar chips - they are burned, and then the resulting coals are consumed before and after meals, 3 teaspoons each.

Helps with flatulence heat - in and applied to the stomach.

Nutrition for flatulence

Rationalization of nutrition includes the exclusion of foods rich in coarse fiber (sorrel, cabbage, grapes, gooseberries), whole milk, legumes and products with fermentation reactions (beer, kvass, carbonated water). Meat should be consumed only in boiled form, bakery products- from wheat flour coarse grinding and with bran.

Only compatible products should be used. For example, the use meat food and then sweets leads to increased gas formation. At the same time, it is recommended to enrich the diet fermented milk products, boiled vegetables and fruits, crumbly cereals, walnuts. If flatulence worries constantly, you should not hide this problem and be treated symptomatic drugs. Only a doctor can determine the root cause of flatulence and prescribe the correct and adequate treatment.

Flatulence is not only an uncomfortable condition, but also a symptom of many diseases. From excessive gas formation suffer people who snack on the run and talk while eating. Regardless of and sour belching serve as a signal to contact a gastroenterologist. The doctor will prescribe a series of laboratory and instrumental research, according to the results of which the patient will be recommended to take pharmacological preparations.

The cause of flatulence is not only overeating, but also gastrointestinal diseases

Pathogenesis

AT gastrointestinal tract complex processes of digestion of food. As a result of the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, simple compounds necessary for life are formed. Also, while eating, a person swallows air, which enters the stomach, and then moves to the small intestine. Another source of gases is the blood, which supplies oxygen and biologically active substances to the digestive organs.

During the day, more than 0.5 liters of various gases enter the human body, which are then released through the large intestine. Intestinal gases have a specific odor due to the presence of skatole, indole, hydrogen sulfide, end products of the metabolism of substances of organic origin. So flatulence is pathological condition, which is characterized by the formation of up to 3 liters of gases during the day. The body simply cannot cope with the excretion and utilization of the formed metabolic products that are in gaseous form.

Intestinal gases are a collection of microscopic blisters surrounded by thick mucus. Such a mixture completely envelops the inner intestinal wall, making it difficult and disrupting digestion, inhibiting the activity of enzymes and the natural absorption of nutrients.

Pathological causes

Enzyme deficiency

Enzymes are produced by the salivary glands, the walls of the stomach, the pancreas, gallbladder. If a functional activity one of the digestive organs decreases, then the processes start:

• decay;
• fermentation.

The accumulation of undigested food in the gastrointestinal tract causes increased gas formation. The lack of enzymes in the body of an adult is often due to an unbalanced and irrational diet. Bloating and belching with an unpleasant odor occurs in lovers of fried, fatty, smoked, spiced foods. In newborns and children of the first year of life, a sufficient amount of enzymes is not yet produced. Therefore, they very often suffer from the symptoms of flatulence.

Warning: “Gastritis with low acidity occurs against the background of a lack of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes. Food stagnates in the stomach for a long time, which provokes the development of the process of excessive gas formation.

Dysbacteriosis

An equally common cause of flatulence is dysbacteriosis. The human intestine is inhabited by strains of bacteria that are beneficial and conditionally pathogenic microflora. For active reproduction and vital activity, these microorganisms need intestinal gases. Bacteria absorb most of them, eliminating discomfort promoting proper digestion. What can cause dysbacteriosis:

• antibiotic therapy;
• diseases of the liver, stomach, intestines;
• intoxication with food, chemicals, poisons of plant and animal origin.

These negative factors lead to the death of beneficial microflora and activation opportunistic bacteria and viruses. Gases begin to accumulate in the intestines, it gets upset, the consistency of feces changes.

Carrying out surgical operations

During surgical interventions on the abdominal cavity, the walls of the thick or fine departments intestines. The cause of deformities of varying severity is a decrease in the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Any surgical operation leads to a decrease in intestinal motor activity. The food bolus stagnates in the stomach for a long time, which leads to rotting, fermentation, and the formation of an excessive amount of gases.

In recently operated patients, painful spasms are often accompanied by:

• a feeling of bursting;
• bloating.

The same symptoms occur in people in whose intestines there are mechanical obstacles that interfere with the movement of food - malignant and benign neoplasms.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Flatulence is often diagnosed in people with acute or chronic diseases of the digestive system. Increased gas formation can provoke an inflammatory focus that has formed in one of the sections of the gastrointestinal tract:

• liver;
• gallbladder;
• pancreas;
• stomach
• intestines.

In these cases, gastroenterologists determine why flatulence occurs in a particular patient. And then etiotropic therapy is carried out to eliminate the underlying disease and symptomatic treatment aimed at relieving paroxysmal pain.

Warning: “Gastritis with high acidity is accompanied by the production of a large amount of caustic gastric juice. This causes the formation of inflammatory foci on the mucous membrane, leads to indigestion, excessive gas formation.

Neurogenic disorders

Nervous excitability often leads to an increase in the tone of the smooth muscle of the intestine. If a person is having a hard time with domestic conflicts, wakes up at night, thinking about negative situations, then often he develops "irritable bowel syndrome". This pathology is difficult to treat and requires the involvement of a whole tandem of highly specialized doctors: a gastroenterologist, a neuropathologist, a psychologist, and sometimes a psychiatrist.

natural causes

Even healthy person there are symptoms of flatulence after eating a large amount of food, which is hardly broken down in the gastrointestinal tract. These foods include:

• fatty meats and fish;
• whole milk;
• legumes - lentils, peas, beans;
• vegetables - potatoes, white cabbage, radish, radish;
• cereals and casseroles.

Advice: “If seething and rumbling often occur in the stomach, then it is worth reviewing your diet and excluding from it foods with coarse fiber and a high content of fat, salt, and spices.”

What causes of flatulence are also natural:

• In sweet tooth flatulence is not uncommon. Pastries made from puff or pastry, pastries and cakes stagnate in the stomach for a long time, and the sugar they contain enhances fermentation processes with the release of a large amount of gases.
• Elderly people and old people often suffer from bloating, belching, peristalsis disorders. This is due to the gradual atrophy of the smooth muscle muscles of the digestive tract, a decrease in the production of collagen and elastin in the tissues.
• Expectant mothers often experience negative symptoms flatulence due to the ever-increasing uterus. It compresses the internal organs, including the intestines. Progress is slowing down food bolus, peristalsis is often upset.

At risk are people who practice curative fasting or eating the same food. Often, pronounced flatulence occurs in women after a sharp weight loss due to adherence to an overly strict diet that provoked a violation of peristalsis.

Classification

In order for the treatment of flatulence to be quick and effective, a thorough examination of the patient is necessary. When diagnosing, gastroenterologists classify increased gas formation in accordance with the cause of its development:

• flatulence resulting from the use of foods high in cellulose, hard-to-digest proteins, sugars and (or) fats;
• flatulence occurring against the background of various diseases of the digestive tract;
• flatulence, the cause of which was the formation of adhesions or tumors of any etiology;
• flatulence that has developed due to an excess, deficiency or imbalance in the number of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the intestines;
• flatulence provoked by a circulatory disorder of various origins and localization;
• flatulence that arose after an emotional shock or nervous breakdown.

Quite rarely, pathological symptoms of excessive gas formation develop in people who rise to a considerable height. According to the laws of physics, intestinal gases begin to expand, which leads to an increase in pressure inside the hollow organ.

Clinical picture

The severity of the symptoms of flatulence is directly dependent on the age and general health of the person, as well as the presence of a history of diseases. The pathology is characterized by paroxysmal or cramping painful spasms. Bloating and pain radiating to the sides are accompanied by a persistent disorder of peristalsis. A person has frequent urges to emptying the intestines or, conversely, there is a delay in the stool. To the most characteristics flatulence include:

• belching;
• nausea;
• lack of appetite.

The tactics of treatment also depend on the form of the course of negative processes. Gastroenterologists have identified two main types of symptoms:

• As a result of the accumulation of gases, the volume of the abdomen increases, but their discharge makes it difficult increased tone muscular wall of the intestine. A person experiences discomfort, pain and bloating.
• This variant is characterized by increased discharge of gases from the small and large intestines. After eating, there is rumbling and rumbling in the stomach. Pain is rare and mild. For shy people, this type of flatulence becomes a real test, because loud sounds in the stomach are clearly audible at a considerable distance.

The disease flatulence, as well as the indigestion that provoked it, often causes a person to develop:

• headaches, rarely dizziness;
• burning sensation in the cardiac region;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• emotional instability;
• lethargy, apathy, fatigue;
• insomnia.

Due to a decrease in appetite due to indigestion and / or fear of the release of gaseous waste products from the intestines, sudden loss body weight, and sometimes even anorexia occurs.

General principles of therapy

To prescribe an adequate therapeutic regimen you need to see a doctor. Depending on the reason over-education intestinal gases treatment of flatulence may consist of the following steps:

• adherence to a sparing diet;
• etiotropic therapy aimed at eliminating the cause of flatulence;
• taking prokinetics that facilitate the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract;
• course treatment