Manifestations and treatment of hypertension. This mythical hypertension syndrome in children

cranial box, in which the brain is located, has a limited volume. It is for this reason that excess fluid, an increase in tissue volume, neoplasms various etiologies put pressure on the brain and lead to an increase in the indicator. Depending on the characteristics of the flow pathological process distinguish between acute and chronic forms of HS. The acute form is characterized by a rapid increase in pressure in the skull, a shift in brain structures, severe lesions and coma are possible. In chronic cases, pressure indicators increase gradually and do not reach critically. high values, which pose a danger to the life of the patient.

The greatest number of disputes is still caused by HS in infants. An increase in the parameter in babies of this age may not be caused by any disorders or injuries, but simply by prolonged strong crying. In addition, light forms intracranial hypertension may not show external symptoms, because the brain is elastic, the cranial bones have not yet hardened and fused, fontanelles may expand, which relieves pressure. Practice shows that in almost 90% of cases, when to an infant mild diagnosis is made hypertension syndrome, detailed examination does not confirm it.

What caused the development of the syndrome

Pathology can be caused large quantity various reasons which can be divided into two groups: congenital and acquired.

To congenital factors contributing to the development of intracranial hypertension in newborns include:

Complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth.
Premature, rapid or prolonged labor.
Births that occurred before the thirty-fourth or after the forty-second week of pregnancy.
Fetal hypoxia - causes disturbances, delays prenatal development.

Until now, many doctors diagnose hypertension syndrome on the basis of excessively large head size, increased excitability and anxiety of the baby. At the same time, studies on this topic have shown that these features are not interconnected with each other. Therefore, if a violation is suspected, it is necessary to carefully examine the child for diagnosis and treatment.

Anhydrous period lasting more than twelve hours.
Traumatic brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage that occurs in a child during a complicated birth or even in the womb.
intrauterine infectious diseases- toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, etc.
Congenital defects in the structure of the brain and skull - unformed hemispheres, absence of parts of the brain, defects brain stem and cranial bones, pathologically small cranium.

In adults, pathology develops due to:

Increased production and disruption of the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid - an excess of cerebrospinal fluid is produced, its circulation and excretion are disturbed, it accumulates in the meninges and ventricles.
Hematoma, abscess.
Benign and malignant neoplasms.
The presence of a foreign body in the brain tissue.
Comminuted fractures of the skull with fragments entering the brain tissue.
Sudden increases in blood pressure for no specific reason.
Infectious diseases - encephalitis, malaria, etc.
Endocrinological disorders.
Acute forms and consequences different kind strokes.

How does the violation manifest itself?

In children older than one year and adults, the manifestations differ from those in newborns.

In adults, the most pronounced symptoms are:

Headache is perhaps the main symptom that almost all patients complain about. At acute form In hypertension syndrome, severe throbbing pain occurs suddenly, and in chronic it increases gradually. Most often pain appear in the parietal and frontal lobes. Pressing pains usually develop in the morning or when the patient lies down, because in this position the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid becomes difficult.
Nausea, bouts of vomiting.
Dizziness.
Fluctuations in blood pressure and body temperature.
Fainting state.
increased frequency heart rate or, conversely, bradycardia.
Visual impairment, eye pain.
Weather sensitivity.

In babies in the first year of life, hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome is more often diagnosed, in which signs of hypertension and hydrocephalus caused by impaired circulation of the CSF are combined. If the pathology really develops, the following signs indicate this:

Bulging fontanel.
Enlargement of the head.
The child reacts badly to the breast, he is sick, he often spits up a fountain.
Lethargy, prolonged crying for no apparent reason.
The swallowing reflex is weakly expressed.
Tremor, leg cramps.
downgrade muscle tone.
External eye changes - the lower eyelid covers the iris, eyeballs swell, strabismus may develop.

Older children complain about:

Violent headache in the morning after waking up.
Nausea.
Muscle pain.
Inability to turn head without pain.
Dizziness, weakness.
Fear of bright lights and loud, sharp sounds.
Memory problems, inability to concentrate, poor academic performance.

On the forecasts of experts big influence render the form and causes of the development of hypertension syndrome. If a we are talking about small child, which has serious violations in the structure and functions of the central nervous system, cannot be expected complete cure. But with a moderate degree of development of pathology with the help of drug treatment, it is possible to achieve complete elimination painful symptoms, restore normal physical activity and mental abilities.

How is hypertension diagnosed?

Because put correct diagnosis, having examined the patient, having listened to his complaints and having studied the anamnesis, it is almost impossible (especially in the case of a newborn child), it is necessary to comprehensive examination sick.

The following methods are used:

X-ray examination of the skull.
echoencephalography.
Rheoencephalogram - allows you to assess the intensity of outflow from the brain venous blood.
CT scan.
Angiography.
Ultrasound procedure.
Lumbar puncture - during this procedure, CSF pressure is measured.

Ways to treat pathology

Therapy of the disorder is aimed primarily at reducing the production of cerebrospinal fluid, normalizing its dynamics and accelerating the outflow of venous blood. During the period of exacerbation, treatment is carried out in a hospital. Complex treatment includes:

Drug therapy - to improve the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid and enhance the excretion of fluid from the body, diuretics are used (Diacarb, Furosemide, Veroshpiron). To normalize the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid through the system venous vessels apply Rigematin and Eufillin. In case of development infectious process prescribe antibiotics and antiviral drugs. The use of Nootropil, Aminalon, Lipocerebrin, sedatives and B vitamins helps to improve metabolism in nerve cells. Vascular tone is increased with the help of Aescusan. positive action renders reception of tinctures of motherwort, valerian, mint. Violations cerebral circulation are eliminated with the help of venotonics (Detralex) and vascular preparations(Cinnarizine, Cavinton).
Surgical treatment - used to eliminate such as neoplasms, hematomas, foreign objects, to lower intracranial pressure by trepanation with drilling holes in the bones of the skull or puncture of the ventricles of the brain to remove excess cerebrospinal fluid. AT life threatening in patient cases, shunting is indicated, which allows the removal of cerebrospinal fluid from the brain.
Establishing a daily routine.
Daily walks to fresh air.
Execution of a special therapeutic gymnastics aimed at normalizing intracranial pressure.

Hydrocephalus is extremely dangerous disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, in the cerebral ventricles. The accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid is associated with its excessive production, due to pathological changes in the body. Another name for hydrocephalic syndrome is hypertensive syndrome.

The syndrome refers to diseases of the brain, which occurs in extremely rare cases. For this reason, the disease is not well understood, which leads to wrong staging primary diagnosis.

Hypertension syndrome has several subspecies, which depend on the age of the patient:

syndrome in newborns.
Hydrocephalic syndrome in older children.
syndrome in adults.

Hydrocephalic syndrome is more common in infants and is associated with congenital pathologies. In other cases, hydrocephalus is acquired.

Hypertensive syndrome in children - what is it, and what factors lead to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain?

The reasons

The main causes of hydrocephalic-hypertensive syndrome:

Difficult pregnancy due to past viral diseases and infections.
baby in the womb.
Pathology of the heart and vascular system.
Birth trauma.
Delay in fetal development.
Injuries to the skull during fetal development, or during labor.
Anomalies of development.
Premature labor.
Severe illnesses chronic form in a pregnant woman.

In a preschool child and school age, and in an adult, hypertension syndrome is acquired in nature, and occurs as a result of injuries and past illnesses:

resulting from trauma.
Transferred malaria.
Cysts in the brain.
Development .
Transferred encephalitis.
Violation of the metabolic process.

The clinical picture of the disease depends on the age of the patient.

Infants are noted the following symptoms syndrome:

Muscle hypotension.
Reluctance to take the mother's breast. Reluctance to eat.
Whims for no apparent reason.
Violation of the swallowing reflex.
Convulsive contractions of the limbs.
Tremor.
Strabismus.
Tense fontanel.
A rapid increase in the diameter of the skull.

Signs of hydrocephalic-hypertensive syndrome in children of preschool / school age:

Strong in the morning.
Frequent feeling of nausea, vomiting.
When you try to raise your eyes up, severe pain occurs.
Pain in the muscles.
Inadequate response to bright lights or loud noises.
Decreased concentration, attention.

In adults, the disease has similar symptoms as in young children. Some patients may experience convulsions, blurred vision, loss of consciousness. When extremely severe course disease may lead to coma.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of hypertension syndrome is complicated by the poorly understood etiology of the disease, and symptomatic picture characteristic of many brain diseases. To determine the syndrome in infants, the doctor examines clinical picture and makes measurements of the diameter of the cranium.

To make a correct diagnosis in children and adults, it is necessary to go through a series of medical tests, in particular, ultrasound, brain and eye vessels.

Treatment

Treatment of hypertension syndrome is selected individually, depending on the age of the patient, the presence of complications and the stage of development of the disease. Therapy methods in the treatment of infants include mandatory intake medicines, which contribute to the removal of accumulated fluid - liquor. Prescribed to relieve symptoms medical supplies, stabilizing tone muscular system. To normalize the general condition of a newborn baby, sedatives are used. herbal decoctions and drugs of the sedative group.

In order for the recovery period of the central nervous system to pass quickly, parents need to provide the baby correct mode days and meals. Mandatory daily long walks on the street.

Subject to all therapeutic prescriptions, after six months the child's condition will return to normal, the disease will pass. During treatment, the child must be regularly shown to a neurologist.

Treatment of children of preschool and school age depends on the causes of the disease. If the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain is caused by a skull injury, or inflammation, treatment is carried out in a hospital setting. It is obligatory to consult a neurologist at least once every six months.

Therapeutic methods for adults in the treatment of the syndrome depend on the stage of development of the disease. Advanced hydrocephalic syndrome can cause lethal outcome due to complete brain dysfunction. To remove excess cerebrospinal fluid from the body, drugs that have a diuretic effect are prescribed. Reception of funds is carried out by a course prescribed by the attending physician. At mild stage hydrocephalic syndrome drug treatment may not apply.

Launched hypertension syndrome is treated only by surgical intervention. The use of medicines does not give any effect. The operation is performed in order to reduce the accumulated CSF by installing special shunts that will remove the fluid. As a result of the operation, the patient has an improvement in his general condition, restoration of the main functions of the brain, improved vision and relief of severe headaches.

After shunt surgery, the patient has a long wait rehabilitation period. The main requirement for a complete recovery is the strict fulfillment of all prescriptions - maintaining right image life, a categorical ban on bad habits- smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. It is mandatory to fulfill physiotherapy exercises which contributes to the normalization of intracranial pressure.

Prevention

The main thing is to strictly adhere to preventive measures:

Normalization of the mode of water consumption.
Regular performance of special therapeutic exercises, which helps to normalize pressure.
Manual therapy for the release of the venous bed from the accumulation of excess fluid.

Typically, cases advanced stage development of the syndrome occur in the most extreme cases. Timely appeal per medical care due to extremely unpleasant symptoms, visual impairment and severe headaches that interfere with the usual way of life.

Despite the fact that hypertension in adults and children does not pose a particular danger to human life, the disease must be treated as soon as the first changes in the functioning of the body begin to appear. On the early dates development, the treatment of the syndrome is quick and easy. In the future, the risk of a possible relapse will depend only on the patient.

Infants who have suffered from congenital hydrocephalus and have undergone a course of treatment should be seen by a neurologist once a year after recovery in order to monitor the dynamics of body recovery and prevent possible complications.

Hypertensive (hypertensive-hydrocephalic) syndrome - increased intracerebral pressure. This syndrome is caused by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) under the membranes and in the ventricles of the brain. It occurs as a result of an obstruction to outflow, over-education and violations reverse suction liquor. Hypertension syndrome is the most common syndromic diagnosis in pediatric neurology, especially in children. early age with perinatal encephalopathy.

The causes of hypertension-liquor syndrome include: unfavorable course of pregnancy and childbirth, deep prematurity, ischemic brain damage, intracranial hemorrhages, intrauterine infections, birth defects brain development, etc.

Clinical signs of hypertension in children are severe paroxysmal headaches that end in vomiting.

When examining a sick child, an expansion of the ventricular system of the brain is determined, which is detected by ultrasound of the brain, and also, using echoencephalopathy data, an increase in intracranial pressure is recorded. In more severe cases the symptoms of hypertension syndrome include a disproportionate increase in the size of the cerebral part of the skull, and sometimes, in the case of a unilateral pathological process, head asymmetry can be observed.

With hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome in children, either hydrocephalus can dominate, which is manifested by the expansion of the ventricular system of the brain, or hypertension syndrome, accompanied by an increase in intracranial pressure. With an increase in intracranial pressure, the child becomes restless, irritable, sleeps lightly and often wakes up. With the dominance of the hydrocephalic syndrome in children, lethargy and drowsiness are observed, they are inactive, sometimes there is a developmental delay.

Treatment of hypertension in newborns or adults is carried out on an outpatient basis. The doctor prescribes medications, usually diacarb, which increases the outflow and reduces the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid. The treatment effect is achieved with correct assessment process steps and causation various factors. Hyperdiagnosis of hypertension syndrome in a newborn may lead to unjustified prescription of dehydration agents. In case of ineffective treatment with diacarb, increasing atrophy of the medulla, further progressive enlargement of the ventricles, confirmed by neuroimaging data, hospitalization in a neurosurgical clinic is indicated.

Worth sharpening Special attention on the fact that in young children the relationship between the presence of a head large sizes(macrocephaly) and hydrocephalus are not detected. Children are often diagnosed with mild hypertension syndrome" or "moderate hypertension syndrome" without confirmation by the data of a comprehensive examination. The diagnosis of "hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome" is possible only on the basis of a comparison clinical manifestations with the results of studies that are confirmed by the presence of changes in the size of the ventricles of the brain. The conclusion of a neuropathologist, ophthalmologist, radiologist, psychiatrist, as well as data from echoencephalography, neurosonography, CT, MRI, electroencephalography, rheoencephalography is required. The data of the children's city consultative neurological polyclinic make it clear that after a comprehensive examination of children referred with a diagnosis of "hypertensive syndrome", in 97% of cases it is not confirmed.

Hypertension syndrome is also called hypertension. It is a serious disease characterized by increased intracranial pressure. The pressure is distributed equally in all areas of the brain. The main cause of the pathology is excessive formation of fluid spinal cord. Hypertension is closely associated with trauma, malignant neoplasms or hemorrhages in the head. More often, the pathology develops in men.

What is hypertensive cider

Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome is a pathology. With this disease, there is an increase in the production of cerebral fluid - liquor. Cerebrospinal fluid also accumulates in a healthy person, but in small quantities (in the ventricles and meninges).

If the cerebrospinal fluid is produced in excess and is delayed, then the brain areas begin to shrink, hemodynamics change and normal work convolutions. Hypertension-liquor syndrome is diagnosed by neurologists. If a pathology is detected, it is urgent to contact a specialist for treatment. Increased intracranial pressure can lead to serious illnesses and the corresponding consequences.

How does

People often confuse the two terms: hypertension and hypertension, however, they are not synonymous. Intracranial hypertension syndrome - more extensive medical term. Hypertension includes high blood pressure.

The concept of hypertension ( hypertension) denotes individual disease. Its main manifestation is a constantly overestimated rate blood pressure. The disease is independent and not associated with others pathological manifestations. It is important to remember that with hypertension, hypertension is always observed, but not every arterial hypertension includes hypertension.

Human anatomy has its own characteristics. The brain needs a large number of nutrients that are delivered by blood. Therefore, many vessels approach it, the blood flow in which is increased. Cerebral fluid constantly circulates between the membranes of the brain and inside the ventricles. Liquor is formed in the cerebral ventricles, interconnected with the help of special vessels.

There is a constant movement of fluid and the synthesis of a new one. In pathology, the process of outflow, absorption or excessive formation of cerebrospinal fluid is disrupted, as a result of which it accumulates in the ventricles. Excess fluid provokes an increase in pressure inside the skull. This is how hypertensive syndrome manifests itself. It has many consequences for the body and even human life at any age.

Features of the disease in childhood

Doctors divide the hydrocephalic-hypertensive syndrome into several types, depending on the age of the child:

pathology of the newborn. The disease is difficult to diagnose. Neurologists rely on external manifestations and parent complaints. In infants, the disease is often the result of any congenital causes.
Pathology in older children. It has an acquired character and proceeds in a milder or moderate form.

Hypertensive-hydrocephalic cider is called if hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebral fluid in excess) and hypertension (increased blood pressure) are generated at the same time. In older children, it is due to acquired causes (traumatic brain injury, infectious, viral diseases etc.).

However, the presence of the syndrome is confirmed only in three cases out of a hundred. His external symptoms are frequent headaches, morning sickness and vomiting, dizziness. In the future, with the development of the disease, fatigue appears after any even the lightest physical activity.

Hypertension syndrome in newborns

The disease is diagnosed in infants and newborns. The risk group includes children with birth trauma, infections during fetal development, brain lesions. Symptoms of developing hypertension syndrome can be:

enlarged fontanel;
violations in the structure of the skull (without closing the seams);
enlarged head.

The presence of these prerequisites can be determined by a neurologist. However high blood pressure inside the skull does not necessarily lead to mental and physical development. Parents can independently notice the presence of pathology by the following symptoms:

chest anxiety;
interrupted sleep;
frequent crying and whims of the child;
refusal to breastfeed;
involuntary trembling (tremor) of the limbs;
profuse vomiting;
frequent seizures.

Causes

The main cause and prerequisite for the occurrence of hypertension may be fluid retention in the spinal cord. This condition is observed when:

cerebral edema;
craniocerebral injuries;
dropsy (hydrocephalus);
prolonged hypoxia;
discirculation of venous outflow;
infectious diseases of the membranes of the brain;
hemorrhages in the substance of the brain;
malignant neoplasms;
encephalitis (inflammation);
reduced tension of the vascular walls;
transmission of the disease by inheritance.

Congenital

Congenital causes of hypertension syndrome are observed mainly in newborns. The main prerequisites for hypertension are:

severe pregnancy, the presence of complications or difficult childbirth;
oxygen starvation of the brain;
premature babies;
intrauterine infections;
hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space;
lack of fluid in the body, prolonged stay without water (more than 12 hours);
congenital abnormalities in the development of the brain.

Acquired

Hydrocephalic-hypertensive syndrome may occur due to acquired causes, both in adults and in children of senior school age. Acquired reasons include:

transferred infectious diseases;
strokes;
diseases associated with the endocrine system;
Availability foreign bodies in the brain;
neoplasms, hematomas or cysts;
skull trauma;
Spontaneous jumps in blood pressure.

In order not to start the disease and not to earn complications, it is necessary to diagnose it in time.

The main signs of the presence of hypertension in an adult:

Headache that gets worse after physical activity increased loads and long stay in the open sun;
Nausea and vomiting. Nausea in morning time and after fatty meals.
Vision problems (veil on the eyes, reduced reaction to light).
Increased fatigue and excitability even at low loads.
Back pain all over the spine.
Increased response to change weather conditions(weather sensitivity).
Skin hyperesthesia ( hypersensitivity skin is accompanied by a sensation of constant itching).
Frequent drops in blood pressure.
Cardiopalmus.
Increased sweating.

Diagnostic methods

The definition and diagnosis of hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome is carried out in specialized medical institutions.

To detect pathology, many methods are used:

echoencephalography;
rheoencephalogram;
x-ray of the skull;
computer and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging;
electroencephalography;
fundus examination;
neurosonography;
lumbar puncture.

Echoencephalography (EhEG) and rheoencephalogram (REG)

The echoencephalography method is based on ultrasound examination of the brain and allows you to see and examine in detail the picture of the activity of the convolutions. A rheoencephalogram evaluates the state and vascular activity of the brain. To conduct a study, you need:

Measure the patient's blood pressure.
Lay or seat the patient so that he is comfortable.
An elastic band is applied around the entire circumference of the head (along the back of the head, above the ears and eyebrows).
Special electrodes are attached to the tape.
The electrodes begin to send electrical impulses to the brain, which is displayed on the computer.
Then the doctors decipher the REG.

Skull x-ray

Radiography is carried out to detect hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome in children, starting from one year. The presence of the syndrome is determined by the following features:

decrease in bone density of the Turkish saddle (osteoporosis);
the presence of finger impressions;
deformation (spherical shape) or depletion of the bones of the skull;
increase in seams and holes;
macrocephaly (an increase in the size of the skull);
enlargement of the veins.

Nuclear magnetic resonance and computed tomography

Using the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance, you can get the final confirmation of the presence of hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome. The technique provides virtual sections of brain tissue. Computed tomography is necessary to determine the localization of the brain area with impaired CSF dynamics and enlarged areas of the brain, which indicates increased intracranial pressure.

Electroencephalography (EEG)

EEG is one of the leading methods for diagnosing diseases associated with disorders of the nervous system. Features of the procedure:

Detects the bioelectrical activity of the brain through electrical impulses.
Defines localization vascular pathology and her character.

Electroencephalography is based on the fact that patients with hypertension are characterized by a different level of brain activity than healthy people. Among other things, they have diffuse disturbances in the rhythms of cortical neurons and asynchrony in their work.

Examination of the vessels of the fundus

Hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome has characteristics by which it is easily recognized:

condition of venous vessels;
their tortuosity;
vein expansion.

The change in blood vessels in its manifestation resembles the inflammatory process in glaucoma. The method of ophthalmoscopy helps to diagnose the slightest changes in the fundus. Sometimes, to determine hypertension (namely, clogged vessels), resorts to contrast method- angiography.

Neurosonography

Neurosonography allows you to study the structure of the brain. It is often used to study pathology in infants. The main advantages of the method are safety and comprehensive information content. On the soft tissues the brain is exposed to ultrasound, the nature of the penetration of which is estimated general structure tissues and degree of pathological changes.

Cerebrospinal puncture

One of the most popular and proven methods for diagnosing this disease is the puncture of the spinal cord (canal and ventricles). With the help of a puncture, pathology is detected and a method of treatment is selected. Hypertension is defined by measuring the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. The procedure requires a certain experience and skill of the doctor, it is carried out with a needle.

Treatment of hypertension in adults

AT emergency situations an operation is being performed. If hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome occurs in mild form, is treated with complex therapy, which is carried out to reduce the volume of cerebrospinal fluid and pressure.

Diuretics are used as the basis of treatment. In addition, the patient needs to provide a calm psychological environment. Stress can cause an increase in pressure inside the skull.

How to remove acute symptoms in a hospital setting

During the period of an exacerbated course of the disease, treatment is carried out only in stationary conditions(in intensive care). The patient is injected with drugs into a vein by drip. For this use:

diuretics;
medicines to lower blood pressure;
magnesium sulfate (helps to normalize the heartbeat and relieve spasms from the vessels).

Conservative treatment

essence conservative method is home treatment. The patient is given a series medical preparations which he himself accepts. Doctors often prescribe:

Diuretics (Diacarb, Hypothiazid, Furosemide or Veroshpiron). This contributes to the activation of the removal of excess fluid.
Antibiotics. They are used if signs of neuroinfection appear.
Antitumor agents. If hypertension-liquor syndrome has developed against the background of a tumor disease.
Preparations for vessels (venotonics). They help restore blood flow in the brain (Cinnarizine, Detralex or Caviton).

Surgery

If the hypertension-liquor syndrome is in an advanced stage and drug treatment does not help, it is necessary surgical intervention. The operation consists in the installation of specialized shunts to divert and remove excess fluid.

Improving the condition after surgery occurs almost immediately, noticeably decreases pain syndrome. It will take some time to restore vision.

How to treat hypertension-liquor syndrome in children

Treatment of hypertension in childhood is carried out medications. The main task of drugs is:

Remove the accumulated cerebrospinal fluid.
Stabilize muscle tone.
Normalize general state child.

To speed up the recovery process, children are prescribed sedatives and herbal infusions. You also need to follow the daily routine, nutrition and spend more time in nature.

Possible complications and consequences

Hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome severe consequences for human life in the absence necessary treatment. Among the complications are the following:

falling into a coma;
epileptic seizures;
development of paralysis;
hearing loss;
blindness;
physical or mental delays in development;
encopresis (fecal incontinence) and incontinence (urinary incontinence);
fatal outcome.

Therapist Khalepa Y.V.

Hypertension syndrome, also known as hydrocephalus, is a special pathological condition, at which cerebrospinal fluid produced in increased quantities. This fluid, medically called cerebrospinal fluid, usually accumulates within meninges and in small amounts in the ventricles of the brain.

Western doctors most often attribute this disease to one of the types of pathologies from the development of the brain. Despite this, hydrocephalus is considered in most cases to be a syndrome.

A distinctive feature of the disease is that often hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome, as one of the diagnoses, is set incorrectly, and this happens in almost 98% of cases. The situation can be explained by the fact that this pathology is very rare in humans.

Varieties of the disease

Hypertension syndrome is classified depending on the age of the patient.

Therefore, this disease exists only in three forms:

in newborns;
in children;
in adults.

In most cases, the syndrome manifests itself in newborns due to congenital causes . As for children or adults, the disease is acquired.

But each of these groups has its own factors that directly affect the appearance of the disease.

Causes of the syndrome in newborns

Hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome has many possible causes appearance in newborns, and here are the main ones:

The occurrence of complications during pregnancy, often provoked by infectious or viral diseases.
Fetal hypoxia.
Deviations in the work of the cardiovascular system.
Damage to the fetus during childbirth, which is mechanical in nature.
Retardation of intrauterine development.
Traumatic brain injuries that can be inflicted on a child both during pregnancy and directly during childbirth.
Anomalies in the development of the fetus.
Births that occur prematurely or late.
Fetal dehydration that lasts more than 12 hours.
chronic diseases future mother.

Causes of the acquired syndrome

Hypertensive syndrome in children, as in adults, is acquired. Often the result of its appearance or even a concomitant diagnosis is cerebral palsy.

Before establishing this diagnosis, it is necessary to know what hypertension syndrome is and how it manifests itself. Its symptoms include two conditions at once, which occur both with hypertension and with hydrocephalus.

Hypertension is an increased intracranial pressure, and - a deviation in the form of an increase in the amount of fluid (liquor) within the brain.

The main symptoms of hypertension in newborns are:

poor reaction to the breast and refusal to feed;
moaning and crying for no reason;
a noticeable decrease in muscle tone;
lack of pronounced swallowing reflex;
tremor or leg cramps;
eye changes - swelling of the apples, strabismus, the presence of a white line between the pupil and upper eyelid iris hidden behind the lower eyelid;
tension in the fontanel;
dynamic increase in head diameter, which reaches 1 cm per month.

The hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome in children manifests itself a little differently:

strong morning headache;
nausea and urge to vomit;
complicated lifting of the eyes and pain that occurs when turning the head;
pale skin and constant weakness leading to dizziness;
muscle pain and abnormal function vestibular apparatus;
fear of bright lights and too loud noises;
reduced memory, concentration and thought process.

Hypertension syndrome manifests itself in adults in almost the same way as in children. In addition to the above symptoms, this group of people is characterized by deterioration visual function and consciousness, sharp headaches and the urge to vomit, which as a result leads to the appearance of convulsions. Very rarely, a coma can occur.

Diagnosis of the disease

Determining the syndrome is very difficult, and making a diagnosis with a full guarantee of its probability is an impossible task. The congenital syndrome is determined by the correct functioning of the reflexes, as well as the size of the head circumference. To confirm or detect its presence in children or adults, an examination is carried out eye vessels, tomography, ultrasound, as well as puncture of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Symptom management in newborns and children

Liquor-hypertension syndrome requires a special treatment regimen, which differs for different groups sick.

Newborns should see and be treated by a neurologist until they are one year old. In the presence of special indications this period may be extended. Depending on the severity of the disease, as well as its manifestations, the specialist must draw up the necessary treatment.

It may include those drugs whose action is aimed at removing excess cerebrospinal fluid. They are Triampur, Glycerol, etc. Also in this case, it is necessary to prescribe funds that provide vascular tone - for example, Aescusan.

Often the cause of the syndrome is a violation of the nervous system. Despite the prescribed treatment, in order to prevent and restore young parents, it is necessary to provide the child with a proper sleep and nutrition regimen, frequent walks in the fresh air, and the absence of irritants and infections. If the treatment and all recommendations are followed, already after 6 months, normalization of intracranial pressure can be observed, which in the future will not deviate from the norm.

Older children should receive counseling pediatric neurologist at least twice a year, during which the fundus is measured and an X-ray of the skull is prescribed. After a traumatic brain injury or in the presence of inflammatory processes in the brain or its membranes, observation and treatment in a dispensary is necessary.

Treatment methods for adults

Treatment of adults is also extremely important, since a neglected disease can become a threat not only to health, but also to life. Action high pressure over a long period does not allow the brain to function properly, which leads to a decrease in intellectual abilities and even dysfunction nervous regulation towards internal organs. Often the result is a hormonal imbalance.

Treatment of hypertension in adults includes the use of diuretics, which contributes to the activation of CSF secretion, as well as its absorption. This therapy carried out in several courses, and in complicated forms, drugs should be taken every week. If the disease is easy temper, then treatment without the use of medicines is possible.

However, for this you need to follow a few recommendations:

normalize drinking regimen;
perform a set of special gymnastic exercises, which help to lower intracranial pressure;
get rid of excess head venous bed with the help of osteopathy or manual therapy.

Very rarely, hypertension becomes a serious threat to human health.. In this case, surgical intervention is necessary. This operation involves the implantation of shunts, with the help of which the cerebrospinal fluid will be removed from the brain. The result of this will be a gradual decrease in the manifestations of the symptoms of the disease and, as a result, getting rid of it completely.

Timely contact with a specialist is always right decision when the first signs of illness appear. If treatment is started on time, the disease will not have the opportunity to acquire a chronic or severe form.