Ok google what is gastritis. Gastritis type a. Symptoms for various types of gastritis

Any gastritis implies the development of an inflammatory process of the gastric mucosa, and sometimes the deep layers of its wall.

The causes of gastritis are various factors. The main symptoms of gastritis include pain on an empty stomach or after eating, indigestion and a general deterioration in the condition.

Type A gastritis therapy

Modern medicine does not provide special means for the treatment of this form of the disease. Until recently, doctors prescribed substitution therapy to the patient if the patient developed severe dyspeptic disorders.

If the patient has chronic type A gastritis and insufficiency of pancreatic secretion, special pancreatic enzymes are prescribed to the person. For example, pancreatin, mezim or festal.

If the examination reveals a clinical picture of megaloblastic anemia, it is required to prescribe treatment in the form of injections of vitamin B12. Such treatment is prescribed for life.

Type B gastritis therapy

There are a number of treatment regimens for type B gastritis. These include antibacterial drugs, proton pump inhibitors. The course of treatment is from a week to 10 days. The course includes clarithromycin, tetracyclines, amoxiclav, metronidazole.

According to the second scheme, antibiotics, antimicrobials such as Metronidazole, bismuth preparations, enveloping agents, and proton pump inhibitors are used. Somewhat less often, antihistamines are used, leading to a decrease in the production of hydrochloric acid.

Dietary nutrition, fragmentation and regularity of food intake, and the rejection of bad habits are important.

Type C gastritis therapy

Imodium is effective in the treatment of this form of gastritis.

The general direction of drug therapy is aimed at improving the motility of the stomach and intestines. The drug Motilium is prescribed three times a day.

It is supposed to neutralize the aggressive effect of bile on the gastric mucosa. For this purpose, the doctor prescribes the drug Cholestyramine. In parallel, enveloping agents are prescribed to protect the mucous membrane - Maalox or Phosphalugel. If a cicatricial narrowing of the duodenal lumen is found in a patient, surgical treatment is indicated.

A direct indication for surgical treatment is malignancy, malignant degeneration of gastritis. Relative indications are complications of gastritis and gastric ulcer.

Mode and diet therapy

Starting the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, it is required to remember about the observance of the regime of rest and nutrition. The main requirement is the rejection of bad habits - smoking, alcohol. It is equally important to fully relax and avoid stress disorders. Physical activity is expected to be moderate. If necessary, the attending physician will prescribe antidepressants or tranquilizers and recommend a consultation with a psychotherapist.

You should eat small and often. The volume of each serving should not exceed 200 grams of food. Equally important for a quick cure are walks in the fresh air and good sleep for at least 8 hours.

Diet for gastritis should be balanced and complete. The acute stage provides for strict restrictions up to periods of hunger during the first day. Further, as the condition improves, one should gradually expand the diet due to semi-liquid, boiled or steam dishes.

Menu for type A gastritis

The menu for this form of the disease consists of:

1. Dishes from boiled fish or meat of low-fat varieties.
2. Soups on vegetable, mushroom or low-fat meat broths.
3. Vegetables raw, baked or boiled. The same goes for fruits.
4. Non-sharp low-salted cheeses.
5. Fat-free ham and slightly salted herring, which must be soaked in cold water before use.
6. Kissels and compotes. Rosehip decoction.
7. Juices of certain fruits or vegetables.
8. Dry cookies, yesterday's stale bread, crackers.

The following dishes are contraindicated:

1. Fried meals.
2. Spicy and salty foods.
3. Canned fish or meat.
4. Fried pies, freshly prepared sweet pastries.
5. Cold dishes - carbonated drinks. Ice cream.
6. Alcohol of all kinds.

Diet for type B gastritis

• Fresh milk from a cow or goat.
• Dairy products - cream or low-fat cottage cheese.
• Soft sweet fruits - pear, banana, apples, persimmons.
• Cereals from cereals of varying degrees of grinding.
• Vegetables boiled or stewed, as well as baked.
• Low-fat varieties of fish or meat in boiled, steamed or baked form.

Prohibited for use in gastritis:

• Rich broths from fatty varieties of fish or meat.
• Whether salty smoked dishes, as well as spicy and fried.
• Pickled vegetables or raw.
• Fresh bread, muffins, buns.
• Cold drinks.

Diet for type C

With this form of the disease, the main purpose of the diet is to create protection for the gastric mucosa. In no case should foodstuffs have a traumatic effect on the mucous membrane. It is necessary to exclude coarse food, fried and hard dishes from the diet. All products must be prepared in a semi-liquid form. Semi-liquid soups may be most useful.

1. Cottage cheese in fat-free and grated form.
2. Soft-boiled chicken eggs.
3. Porridges boiled in water, and properly boiled.
4. Vegetable puree.
5. Steam cutlets and soufflé.

After the acute condition is removed, vegetables and fruits, juices, compotes and jelly are gradually introduced into the menu.

Problems with the stomach arose in almost every person living on earth. These problems can be of different intensity and different origin. Almost 60% of patients who seek medical help with a problem stomach are diagnosed with gastritis. Of the sick, approximately 80% will have a form of chronic gastritis. Gastritis can be considered both an independent disease and a secondary disease, which has arisen, for example, as a result of intoxication or infection.

Stomach

The stomach is a complex organ that simultaneously performs three main functions - mixing food until a coma forms, splitting it into chemical elements and absorbing the elements necessary for life. The processes occurring in the stomach have a very complex organization. In the organ itself there is gastric juice, which has an acidic composition, where hydrochloric acid occupies most of it, and on the basis of this it is customary to talk about the parameters of acidity in this organ. Interestingly, in different parts of the stomach, different levels of acidity are distinguished, which allows the stomach not to destroy itself.

From the inside, this organ is lined with a fairly strong layer - the so-called mucous membrane. It simultaneously performs two important functions - the production of gastric juice and protective mucus. Processes that disrupt the work of this layer, and lead to various diseases of the stomach.

Inflammatory process in the stomach

During the inflammatory period, the following processes take place in the stomach: pathogenic bacteria or any aggressive substances enter the organ, they destroy the mucous surface of the stomach, which causes an immune response. The stomach tries to restore the integrity of the mucous membrane. At this time, a person begins to experience pain, heartburn and other extremely unpleasant manifestations of disorders of the digestive system.

Gastritis is a group of diseases, which include pathologies, the main distinguishing feature of which is inflammation or degenerative change in the inner mucous layer of the stomach. As a result of inflammatory processes, there is a violation of the regeneration of epithelial cells, as well as the replacement of functional glands with fibrous formations. This leads to a violation of the main secretory function of the stomach.

Types of gastritis

Considering that this disease is especially common in the category of diseases of the digestive system, we can say that it is well studied.

Modern gastroenterology divides gastritis into several main types. Most often it is customary to talk about the two most common types: acute gastritis and chronic. In some cases, alcoholic gastritis is distinguished as an independent type of disease.

Acute gastritis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane, which developed under the influence of any strong irritant that entered the stomach even once, is commonly called acute gastritis. It can be poor-quality food, a chemical, and many other reasons. They all have a number of their own clinical features. In this group of gastritis, it is customary to distinguish:

1. Catarrhal (simple) gastritis is characterized by a strong degree of hyperemia of the mucous membrane and infiltration of leukocytes into it. It has the ability to entail the dystrophic nature of changes in the epithelial layer. This form of gastritis is the most common in the class of acute gastritis and develops as a result of a banal disregard for food hygiene. Irritants often become rough food, which a person takes dry, and the use of food infected with various pathogenic bacteria and simply spoiled food.
2. Fibrous or diphtheritic gastritis is characterized by a very deep (diphtheritic) lesion of the gastric mucosa. The development of this type of gastritis occurs as a result of the penetration of acids or sublimate into the stomach, in addition, it can be provoked by serious infectious diseases.
3. Corrosive or necrotic gastritis - gets its development under the influence of a concentrated type of acids, alkalis and salts of heavy metals. In this case, doctors note the presence of areas with changes of the necrotic type.
4. Phlegmonous gastritis - this subspecies of gastritis becomes a consequence of the negative development of peptic ulcer or with a diagnosis of cancer. Pus spreads over a sufficiently large area of ​​the inner layer of the stomach and, in the most extreme case, the so-called melting of the wall occurs.

The bad side of all types of acute attack is that it develops very often unexpectedly and extremely rapidly. The doctor may not have time to provide the assistance necessary to save a life.

Chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis is an ailment with which the patient lives for a long time, it is characterized by constantly recurring inflammatory processes on the mucous surface of the stomach. As a result of these inflammations in the stomach, secretory and motor functions, as well as functions for the synthesis of gastrointestinal hormones, are disrupted.

The diagnosis of chronic gastritis, which has established structural changes on the inner wall of the stomach and is not characterized by clinical manifestations, is extremely rare in Western European countries. They often use the definition of "functional dyspepsia." In our gastroenterology, the name "chronic gastritis" is often used. However, if there are changes of a different nature on the walls of the stomach, then we will already talk about a precancerous condition, and the patient will need to be constantly monitored and undergo the necessary examinations.

Classification of chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis has a rather complicated classification. This is due to the variety of symptoms that characterize this disease. In modern gastroenterology, there are three main types of division. The most widely used in clinical medicine is the so-called Houston classification.

Houston classification

1. Type A gastritis or autoimmune gastritis - develops due to the appearance of antibodies in the cells. Accompanying this disease will necessarily be anemia with a lack of vitamin B 12.
2. Type B gastritis or bacterial gastritis - a disease of this nature is diagnosed with dense seeding of the inner walls of the stomach with the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori). About 90% of all diagnoses of "chronic gastritis" can be attributed to this type of gastritis.
3. Type C gastritis or chemical-toxic gastritis. Periodic release of bile acids into the cavity of the stomach or long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs, which are classified as non-steroidal, can provoke the development of type C. Damage to the mucosa by chemicals can also be attributed to provoking factors.

Very often, in addition to the main types of this disease, one can also meet in medical practice mixed subtypes - AB and AC, as well as alcoholic, medicinal, etc.

Since these classifications do not reflect many clinical and functional aspects of the disease, for example, an assessment of the work of the stomach in the production of hydrochloric acid secretions, what stage the disease is at - exacerbation or remission, taking into account existing complications. Taking into account these factors, the so-called working classification of chronic gastritis has been adopted in Russian clinical medicine.

Working classification

Given the clinical manifestations, gastritis is divided according to the principle:

1. Localization (antrum or body of the stomach).
2. Accounting for the endoscopic picture (the presence of erosion, atrophic, superficial, mucosal hyperplasia, etc.).
3. Morphology (what degree of inflammation activity, the level of infection with bacteria, the state of the gastric glands, the type of intestinal metaplasia).
4. Functional (reduced, increased or normal secretion).
5. According to the level of clinical signs (in what phase is the disease - in remission or exacerbation).
6. Complications (presence of bleeding, malignancy).

Causes of gastritis

Considering that gastritis is very widespread among diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and in gastroenterology there are many varieties of diseases of this type, the reasons why the disease arises and begins to progress will also be varied.

There are two types of etiological causes - exogenous and endogenous.

Exogenous:

1. Seeding Hp. This reason is the most common among patients with gastritis.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane can also be caused by some other bacteria that are resistant to an acidic environment. They penetrate the wall of the stomach and actively produce substances that negatively affect the mucous membrane, which causes inflammation. An interesting fact is that not all people infected with bacteria have stomach problems. Why this happens is still unknown to medicine.

In gastroenterology, it is customary to divide the signs of manifestations of gastritis into general and local.

Local symptoms usually include:

1. Dyspepsia. Characteristic signs of this phenomenon are a feeling of strong fullness and pressure in the pancreas. Belching, nausea and an unpleasant aftertaste are added to these symptoms. If, then we can talk about failures in the evacuation of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus. All of these symptoms are most pronounced during or immediately after eating.
2. When infected with Helicobacter pylori, chronic gastritis always occurs with increased acidity of the stomach. This type of disease is characterized by a strong malfunction of the intestines (rumbling, bloating, unstable stools).
3. Patients diagnosed with "allergic, chronic gastritis" quite often note intolerance to some of the products, they are pursued by constant diarrhea, nausea and bouts of vomiting.

Common symptoms usually have the following manifestations:

1. Obvious manifestations of weakness, irritability, sometimes there are malfunctions in the work of the cardiovascular system - arrhythmia and pressure surges.
2. Atrophic chronic gastritis is manifested by symptoms that can be confused with dumping syndrome. It can be a sharp weakness, pallor and severe drowsiness after eating. This form is the most undesirable development of the disease. This can practically be attributed to the precancerous stage of stomach disease.
3. With a lack of vitamin B12, the characteristic signs are a complete breakdown, weakness, apathy, burning in the mouth and tongue.
4. When infected with bacteria, symptoms may appear that indicate the possibility of ulcers.

In gastritis with different acidity, the manifestations of the disease also partially differ:

1. . A person experiences paroxysmal pain in the navel or solar plexus. Eating dietary food temporarily relieves pain. Heartburn, morning sickness and "rotten" belching usually join the attacks of pain. Most often, gastritis develops against the background of increased acidity.
2. . This type of disease manifests itself in the form of a feeling of heaviness and the rapid formation of gases in the intestines. The patient very quickly comes a feeling of complete saturation. Treatment of chronic gastritis with low acidity is quite acceptable at home. Since gastric juice has reduced properties, the patient simply needs to chew food well and for a long time.

Pain in the stomach is a very important sign of gastritis. The patient is often diagnosed with an "acute" abdomen, but the doctor needs to be extremely careful, since such a manifestation can accompany a number of other diseases, for example, viral diseases, intestinal pathologies, etc.

Further actions of the doctor will be a clinical diagnosis.

Diagnostics

The main goal in the diagnosis will be to find out what type of disease is observed in the patient.

1. The first step will include taking a complete medical history. The doctor analyzes all complaints of the patient and the initial examination. Based on the results obtained, the patient is offered the most appropriate examination scheme.
2. Endoscopic examination and biopsy determine the presence and number of bacteria, as well as the characteristic signs of the presence of mucosal changes. When conducting a biopsy, samples are taken in several (at least 5 samples) places from all parts of the stomach.
3. Laboratory methods - biochemical and clinical blood tests, examination of feces and urine.
4. Radiography - allows you to determine the presence of ulcers, hernias and other pathologies of the gastric mucosa.
5. Manometry.
6. Electrogastroenterography.

In addition to the diagnostic methods listed above, a number of other examinations may be prescribed by the doctor.

Treatment

After a complete diagnosis, the doctor determines what treatment to prescribe to the patient. The main thing that is taken into account when prescribing therapy is what type of gastritis the examination of the patient showed. Be sure to take into account the etiology, morphology and stage of the disease. Therapy is most often carried out in an inpatient or outpatient setting, and doctors have a lot of medicines in their arsenal designed to eliminate this problem, but you should not self-medicate in order to avoid a negative development of the process.

During periods of exacerbation of any type of gastritis, the patient will be prescribed, which is gradually canceled as the attack stops.

It is important to remember that, having once become ill with gastritis, a person will have to avoid the use of a number of products all his life - alcohol, coffee, chocolate, spices, concentrates and canned food, carbonated drinks. Treatment of any disease is a rather expensive process, therefore, gastritis is much easier to prevent than to treat. Given this circumstance, you just need to make the principle of healthy eating the main thing in your life.

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa is one of the most common human diseases. Approximately 80-90% of people during their lives had at least one episode of this disease. In old age, up to 70-90% of people suffer from various forms of gastritis. The chronic form of gastritis can transform into a stomach.

What is gastritis?

Gastritis is an inflammation of the mucous layer of the stomach, leading to dysfunction of this organ. When gastritis occurs, food begins to be poorly digested, which results in a breakdown and lack of energy. Gastritis, like most diseases, is acute and chronic. In addition, there are gastritis with low, normal and high acidity of the stomach.

Currently, gastritis can already be called the disease of the century. They hurt both adults and children. And according to health statistics, in Russia about 50% of the population has gastritis in some form.

Gastritis is characterized by a variety of external and internal causes that provoke the development of pathology. Clinically, it occurs in the form of inflammation (acute or chronic). Acute inflammation is short lived. Damage to the mucous membranes of the stomach with concentrated acids, alkalis and other chemicals is dangerously fatal.

A long-term (chronic) flowing disease reduces the quality of life and manifests itself in the form of pain, as well as:

Heaviness in the abdomen;

The chronic form is dangerous atrophy of the gastric mucosa. As a result, the glands of the stomach cease to function normally. Atypical cells are formed in place of healthy cells. An imbalance in the process of self-healing of the cells of the gastric mucosa is one of the causes of ulcers and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.

The stomach is the most vulnerable section of the digestive system. At least three complex processes of digestion take place in it: this is the mechanical mixing of the food coma, the chemical breakdown of food, and the absorption of nutrients.

The inner wall of the stomach, the mucous membrane, is most often damaged, where two mutually exclusive components of digestion are produced - gastric juice and protective mucus.

Digestion in the stomach is a finely tuned biochemical process of the body. This is confirmed by the normal acidic pH of the gastric juice (its main component is hydrochloric acid), but also by the difference in acidity parameters in its different parts. High acidity (pH 1.0-1.2) is observed in the initial part of the stomach, and low (pH 5.0-6.0) - at the junction of the stomach with the small intestine.

The paradox lies in the fact that in a healthy person, the stomach not only does not digest itself, but also the gastric juice produced by the glands in different parts of the organ has different properties. At the same time, the pH environment in the esophagus is neutral, and in the duodenum (the first section of the small intestine) it is alkaline.

An unpleasant, painful sensation of a person with gastritis - heartburn - is primarily the result of a violation of the acid-base balance in one of the sections of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the deviation of the acid balance from the norm in certain parts of the stomach underlies the pathogenesis of gastritis with low or high acidity.

Gross impact on the digestion process: food or chemical poisoning, the release of bile into the stomach, intestinal infections, regular intake of certain medications, carbonated drinks, alcohol and other factors negatively affect the condition of the gastric mucosa. The serious influence of the microbial factor on the development of gastritis has been proven.

A short-term emergency effect on the digestive process is limited to clinical manifestations in the form of acute inflammation of the following nature:

catarrhal;

fibrinous;

Necrotic;

Phlegmonous.

Catarrhal gastritis is associated with poor nutrition and mild food poisoning. Fibrinous and necrotic gastritis is usually caused by poisoning with heavy metal salts, concentrated acids and alkalis. Phlegmonous gastritis is caused by traumatic damage to the stomach wall.

Prolonged exposure to a weakened organism ends with the development of chronic pathogenesis, aggravated by ulcerative processes on the walls of the stomach. Gastritis can be harbingers of oncological processes in the gastrointestinal tract.

The variety of manifestations of gastritis of the stomach in humans is confirmed by their complex classification. Detailing the clinical symptoms of gastritis is essential for gastroenterologists when prescribing treatment procedures. In our case, this is an illustration of various forms of the disease for the reader to form a generalized idea of ​​gastritis.

The causes of gastritis can be microbes, etc. In some cases, specific microorganisms provoke approximately 80% of gastritis. Helicobacter is not the only cause of this disease.

Another group of gastritis is not associated with microbes, although this relationship may appear at certain stages.

Non-microbial gastritis are divided into several groups:

Alcoholic. The disease develops under the influence of regular use of strong alcoholic beverages (alcohol has an alkaline pH) against the background of numerous other factors associated with the general negative effect of large doses of ethyl alcohol on the body;

NSAID-induced gastritis. NSAIDs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used in many diseases as antipyretic, analgesic and antiplatelet drugs. The most famous drugs of this pharmacological group are acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), analgin, diclofenac, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, piroxicam. Uncontrolled use of NSAIDs stimulates the development of gastritis, and then its transformation into gastric ulcer.

Post-resection. Such gastritis develops after forced surgical removal of part of the stomach.

Chemically caused gastritis. They develop as a result of accidental or special ingestion of chemicals that have aggressive properties against proteins of the mucous membranes of the stomach.

Gastritis of unknown origin.

In professional medicine, other classifications of gastritis are also used, including, according to the type of spread of pathogenesis:

Autoimmune gastritis (type A);

Exogenous gastritis (type B), provoked by Helicobacter pylori;

Mixed gastritis (type A + B);

Gastritis (type C) provoked by NSAIDs, chemical irritants or bile;

Special forms of gastritis;

Gastritis against the background of a decrease and increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid;

Other forms of morphological and functional manifestations of gastritis.

Their differentiation involves the use of complex medical laboratory or instrumental techniques at the stage of diagnosing the disease. Therefore, the description of gastritis, which have approximately the same clinical symptoms, but differ in the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis, is not of interest to a wide range of readers.

Let us dwell in detail on the main signs and symptoms of gastritis, which can serve as a basis for a person to contact a medical institution for help.

Signs and symptoms of stomach gastritis

Gastritis is characterized by a variety of symptoms, but can occur without pronounced manifestations. The most characteristic symptom is pain in the solar plexus, aggravated by the ingestion of certain types of food, liquids and drugs, especially those with increased aggressiveness to the gastric mucosa. Sometimes the pain gets worse between meals. With gastritis, spicy foods, alcohol, carbonated drinks and other foods, the use of which leads to an exacerbation of gastritis, are contraindicated.

Important, but less constant signs of gastritis are heartburn, vomiting, and belching. The disease is sometimes manifested by bloating and frequent gas discharge. The appearance of two or more of the above symptoms against the background of abdominal pain is a reason to suspect gastritis.

The disease is also indicated by the intake of spicy food, drugs and aggressive liquids shortly before the onset of pain.

It is much more difficult to identify the symptoms of chronic gastritis. For a long time, the signs of the disease are limited to irregular stools, plaque on the tongue, fatigue, rumbling and overflow in the abdomen between meals, flatulence, recurrent diarrhea or constipation.

Chronic gastritis usually does not have a significant impact on the patient's clinical condition, with the exception of a decrease in the quality of life. In a mild form, chronic gastritis is characterized by constipation and diarrhea. In severe form, except for those indicated - frequent discharge of intestinal gases, drowsiness, cold sweating, increased peristalsis, halitosis.

Symptoms of high acidity

The most common signs of gastritis with high acidity, in addition to general symptoms (vomiting, nausea):

Prolonged pain in the solar plexus, disappearing after eating;

Frequent diarrhea;

Heartburn after eating sour food;

Frequent urge to pass gases from the mouth - belching.

Symptoms of low acidity

The most common signs of gastritis with low or zero acidity:

Persistent bad taste in the mouth

Heaviness in the abdomen after eating;

"" Belching "rotten eggs";

• Nausea in the morning;

  Problems with bowel regularity;

  Disgusting odor from the mouth.

The recurrence of chronic gastritis is characterized by a variety of symptoms, the most common symptoms are:

Constant or periodic pain in the solar plexus, which increases immediately after eating, or vice versa, with prolonged fasting;

Belching with air, burning in the sternum, heartburn after eating, metallic taste in the mouth;

Nausea, morning vomiting of semi-digested food with a characteristic sour taste, sometimes vomiting of bile;

Increased salivation, thirst, weakness;

• Pain in the stomach with gastritis

  Gastralgia - pain in the abdominal wall (cavity) - an important symptom of gastritis. Meanwhile, pains are accompanied by other diseases of the abdominal organs, which are collectively called "acute abdomen". Unpleasant sensations are manifested in the form of pain, as well as stabbing, pressing, shooting, burning and other types of pain.

  Acute abdomen syndrome - it can be appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, stomach cancer, reflux, intestinal blockage and other pathologies. All pains in the above diseases are to some extent combined with other symptoms characteristic of gastritis - vomiting, nausea, belching, constipation, diarrhea, changes in body temperature.

  At home, you can recognize the pain caused precisely by gastritis. The most characteristic of gastritis and distinguishing it from other pathologies of the "acute abdomen" are pains that increase after:

  Eating, especially spicy and smoked;

  Use of alcohol or certain medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;

  Prolonged break from eating.

  The remaining options for the occurrence of pain in the stomach in the absence of clinical skills and the ability to use laboratory and instrumental research methods can be easily confused with symptoms of other ailments.

  Causes of gastritis

  
  

  Of greatest interest are the causes that cause the chronic form of gastritis. Allocate external and internal factors that provoke the development of the disease. Interestingly, in some people, gastritis develops much more slowly and does not have a significant effect on the body. That is, most likely, the causes of gastritis are hidden behind many factors and their combinations.

  The most significant external causes of gastritis:

  Impact on the walls of the stomach of bacteria Helicobacter pylori, less often other bacteria and fungi. Approximately 80% of patients diagnosed with gastritis secrete acid-resistant bacteria that actively penetrate into the wall of the gastric mucosa, secrete specific substances that irritate the mucous membrane, stimulate a local change in the pH of the walls and their inflammation. The final answer, why these bacteria cause significant harm to some people, and not to others, is still unknown;

  Eating disorders. It has been established that poor nutrition is a common cause of gastritis. The statement is true for both overeating and undereating. It is necessary to diversify the diet with plant foods rich in vitamins and plant fiber, which normalizes peristalsis. However, with the development of the initial stages of gastritis, it is necessary to avoid foods containing coarse vegetable fiber, as well as fatty, spicy, canned and pickled foods;

  Alcohol abuse is isolated as a separate cause of gastritis of the stomach. Ethanol in small amounts is an important component of the biochemical processes in the body, however, a large amount of alcohol provokes an acid-base imbalance in the body. In addition, alcohol in large doses with regular use significantly harms other digestive organs - the liver, pancreas, and also has a detrimental effect on metabolic processes in the body;

  It has been noted that some drugs widely used in medicine as anti-clotting (antiplatelet), analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs have a serious side effect - they irritate the gastric mucosa. Most often, gastritis is caused by non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, analgin) and glucocorticoid hormones (prednisolone). These medicines are recommended to be used strictly for medical purposes, fractionally, in small doses, after meals;

  Some researchers note the impact on the development of gastritis of helminthic invasions, aggressive chemicals, swallowed accidentally or intentionally.

  The main internal (related to the violation of homeostasis) causes of gastritis:

  Congenital human predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases;

  Duodenal reflux - pathological throwing of bile from the duodenum into the stomach. Bile, getting into the cavity of the stomach, changes the pH of the juice and irritates the mucous membrane. Initially, inflammation of the antrum of the stomach develops, and then its other departments are involved;

  Autoimmune processes, damage at the immune level of the protective properties of the cells of the gastric mucosa. As a result, the cells stop functioning normally and lose their original properties. This phenomenon triggers a cascade of small reactions that change the pH of the juice, and leads to constant irritation of the stomach walls. There is endogenous intoxication and a violation of the resistance of the mucous membrane to the aggressive environment of gastric juice;

  Violations of hormonal and vitamin metabolism, the reflex effect of the pathogenesis of organs adjacent to the stomach.

  
  

  With the help of instrumental and functional methods, many variants of gastritis were diagnosed. However, everyone is divided into gastritis with:

  Normal or increased acidity;

  Zero or low acidity.

  Symptoms of gastritis with low or high acidity can generally be distinguished, however, the final diagnosis is made on the basis of a study of gastric juice obtained by probing, as well as intragastric pH-metry using special sensors inserted into the stomach. The latter method is convenient in that long-term monitoring of gastric juice parameters is possible. In some cases, the pH of gastric contents is determined indirectly, in the study of urine pH.

  Gastritis with high acidity

  It is characterized by severe pain in the solar plexus or in the navel, usually of a paroxysmal nature. The pain subsides after eating dietary food, intensifies in between meals. Pain in the right hypochondrium is evidence of the ingress of gastric juice into the duodenum. Pathology is characterized by heartburn, morning sickness, rotten belching, rumbling in the abdomen (constipation is more common in gastritis with low acidity), a taste of metal in the mouth.

  In some cases, the disease proceeds subclinically, with periodic exacerbations after drinking alcohol, drugs of the NSAID group, cardiac glycosides (digitis), potassium preparations, hormones (prednisolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone). The attack can be provoked by the use of "heavy" food. The type of gastritis is determined by medical research.

  Gastritis with low acidity

  The acid in the stomach is involved in the primary breakdown of coarse food fibers.

  The pH level of 6.5-7.0 is a low acidity of gastric juice. With a decrease in the level of acidity, the denaturation and breakdown of proteins slows down, and, as a result, intestinal motility. Therefore, along with pain, important symptoms of anacid gastritis (with low acidity) are constipation, halitosis, and putrefactive, fermentative processes in the stomach.

  Gastritis with low acidity is more often manifested by heaviness in the abdomen, rapid saturation after eating, increased formation of intestinal gases. In some cases, the disease can be corrected by taking digestive enzymes (festal, gastal). You can treat anacid gastritis at home, it's very simple. Since gastric juice has reduced properties, you should chew food for a long time. Careful grinding of the food coma in the oral cavity and processing it with saliva is an effective non-medical method of treating gastritis.

  Acute gastritis

  
  

  Catarrhal gastritis develops under the influence of aggressive drugs (aspirin, other NSAIDs), harmful drinks (alcohol, carbonated lemonades with frequent use) and heavy foods (fatty, salty, smoked, pickled). Acute gastritis is also known against the background of toxic infections (and others), as well as against the background of renal and hepatic insufficiency. Acute forms of gastritis can be provoked by pathologies not directly related to the gastrointestinal tract (,). This is due to the accumulation of under-oxidized products in the blood in severe cases, which causes inflammation of the walls of the stomach. Describe also acute gastritis on the background of stress.

  Fibrinous and necrotic gastritis develops with a special or accidental ingestion of strong acids (acetic, hydrochloric, sulfuric) or alkalis. The disease is accompanied by excruciating pain.

  Phlegmonous gastritis- a consequence of intentional or accidental injury to the walls of the stomach (swallowed pins, glass, nails). The disease is manifested by purulent fusion of the walls of the stomach.

  Symptoms of catarrhal (simple) acute gastritis appear 5-8 hours after exposure to a crisis factor. Pathogenesis begins with a burning sensation in the epigastric region (synonyms: in the pit of the stomach, in the solar plexus). Pain develops in this area, nausea, vomiting, metallic taste in the mouth. Toxic-infectious gastritis is supplemented by fever, persistent vomiting and diarrhea. A serious condition is characterized by bloody vomiting - this is a corrosive (necrotic) gastritis. Phlegmonous gastritis is manifested by the phenomena of peritonitis: a tense abdominal wall, a state of shock.

  Chronic gastritis

  In the initial stages, the disease proceeds without bright symptoms. Hypersensitivity to certain types of food is periodically manifested in the form of heartburn and bloating. Often there is a feeling of heaviness with a full stomach, a plaque and a peculiar pattern are found on the tongue.

  The chronic form of gastritis can develop at any age: from 20 years to old age. The disease is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission. During the period of exacerbation, the signs of chronic gastritis do not differ from the symptoms of the acute form of the disease - pain, combined with nausea, sometimes vomiting. Unpleasant sensations are intensified after eating certain types of food. Usually this is a certain set of products that you should remember and try to exclude from the diet or limit consumption.

  The most dangerous consequence of chronic gastritis is gastric bleeding. It is manifested by black feces, pallor of the mucous membranes and skin of the patient.

  Pallor of the mucous membranes may be a sign of another disease - atrophic gastritis. It occurs against the background of a deficiency in the body of vitamin B 12. This vitamin is very important for blood formation. Atrophic gastritis may not have other striking signs, except for pallor. The danger of the disease is that it is a harbinger of the development of cancer cells in the epithelium of the stomach. The detection of anemia against the background of signs of gastritis is an occasion to more closely examine the state of health.

  The human body has large-scale protective resources, so lifestyle changes, dietary intake and properly prescribed complex treatment significantly increase the likelihood of a cure for any form of gastritis.

  
  
  

  A common cause of gastritis is the excessive consumption of the following two substances:

  Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid);

  Alcohol (ethyl alcohol, ethanol).

  Aspirin and its analogues are prescribed by cardiologists for long-term daily and mandatory use for the purpose of prevention and strokes. Tens of thousands of people daily take aspirin as a means of inhibiting the formation of blood clots, which makes the problem of the safe use of NSAIDs very urgent.

  Acetylsalicylic acid preparations have excellent antiplatelet properties, that is, they prevent the development of blood clots in the vessels. Blood clots are the main cause of myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke. However, aspirin and other NSAIDs have an unpleasant side effect - they irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. Hypertensive patients use these drugs daily in combination with other drugs. Excessive intake of aspirin and its analogues can provoke an additional problem for a sick person - gastritis. This is true for all people of the older age group who suffer from, have undergone or are at risk of developing myocardial infarction.

  Alcohol, widely consumed by certain categories of citizens. In people predisposed to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, even moderate consumption of ethanol can provoke an exacerbation of gastritis. Alcohol has alkaline properties. Regular neutralization of the acidic environment of the stomach with ethanol creates a condition for irritation of the walls.

  Meanwhile, there is no reason to exclude aspirin and other important drugs (iron, potassium, hormones, etc.) from the list of useful medicines. Carefully read the annotations to the medicines and take them according to the scheme recommended by the doctor.

  In particular, you can reduce the side effects of taking aspirin in the following ways:

  Reduced single dose (consult your doctor);

  Taking the drug on the eve of a meal;

  Drinking large volumes of water;

  The transition from aspirin to modern shell analogues (THROMBO-ASS).

  When prescribing aspirin and other NSAIDs, caution should be exercised if the patient has:

  Erosive and peptic ulcer disease in the acute stage;

  Individual intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid preparations;

  Tendency to gastrointestinal bleeding;

  Pregnancy in women.

  Always tell your doctor if you have any restrictions on the use of aspirin. This will help the doctor to navigate, choose the correct dosage of the drug, replace it with more suitable analogues or drugs of a different pharmacological group, adjust the methods of application, and reduce the frequency of aspirin use.

  In some cases, to reduce the side effects of aspirin and other NSAIDs, drugs are prescribed that neutralize the acidity of gastric juice.

  The irrational use of any drugs can have negative consequences and impede the absorption of other prescribed drugs. Antacids containing aluminum in large doses cause constipation, potassium-containing medicines reduce the acidity of the stomach (in some cases this is a useful property). Potassium is also useful for women during their period.

  In case of intolerance to certain groups of drugs, they are replaced by others. For example, histamine-H2 blockers can be such substitutes. Drugs in this group (cimetidine, ranitidine) are over-the-counter drugs. These tablets are prescribed as a means of regulating acidity in the stomach, and, as a result, reducing pain in hyperacid gastritis.

  As for alcohol, it should be abandoned during the period of exacerbation of gastritis and the use of pharmacological agents that have an aggressive effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Regular alcohol consumption is a real threat to the development of gastritis of the stomach.

  Medicines for gastritis of the stomach

  
  

  In the arsenal of gastroenterologists for the treatment and prevention of gastritis, there are several pharmacological groups of drugs, including:

  Detoxifying drugs (antidotes) - activated charcoal, smectite, specific antidotes;

  (adsorbents) - activated carbon, alum (diamond, aluminum phosphate, bismuth subnitrate, bismuth tripotassium dicitrate), hydrotalcite, diosmectite, sucralfate, Antareit;

  Antiseptics and disinfectants (bismuth subnitrate);

  Antidiarrheals (diosmectite);

  Tetracycline antibiotics (doxycycline);

  Antihistamines (H2 subtype) - famotidine, cimetidine.

  

  Gastritis, expressed in inflammation of the gastric mucosa, is of two types: acute and chronic. In the first case, the main symptom is severe pain that appears suddenly. Often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dehydration, weakness appears.

Gastritis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach. Such chronic diseases are divided into three main groups: A (autoimmune), B (bacterial), C (chemical). Each has specific features, clinical manifestations, on which the choice of therapeutic tactics depends.

Classification and pathogenesis

• Type A gastritis. Autoimmune disease, location - fundus. Inflammation is provoked by antibodies to parietal cells that produce hydrochloric acid and a specific enzyme.
• Gastritis type B. It is considered the most common form of chronic disease. It is provoked by Helicobacter bacteria, which affects micro-expressions on the membranes of the organ.
• Gastritis type C. The chemical form in which there is a reflux (throwing) of bile acid and lysolecithin into the stomach. This contributes to damage to the walls of the body. Similar damage appears with the abuse of alcoholic beverages, medications.

It is noteworthy that type A can develop under the influence of a hereditary factor. Well, the main cause of the disease is non-compliance with the rules of nutrition, the use of coarse food, salty, smoked, spicy dishes, etc.

Clinical symptoms

autoimmune gastritis

Type A gastritis is not common, being diagnosed in 5% of cases. It is characterized by a long period of asymptomatic course. As a rule, patients go to the doctor when pernicious anemia (a condition in which blood flow is impaired due to vitamin B12 deficiency) appears. Initially, the nervous system and bone marrow are affected. In this case, the patient quickly gets tired, he constantly wants to sleep, the limbs gradually lose sensitivity, sometimes there is a burning sensation on the tongue. In rare cases, dyspeptic symptoms develop:

• dull pain, feeling of heaviness after eating;
• nausea;
• the appearance of an unpleasant aftertaste in the oral cavity;
• the occurrence of belching, which is replaced by heartburn;
• the development of diarrhea and constipation, which replace each other.

When examining a patient, the doctor notes that the patient's skin is pale, the sclera is yellowish (which is associated with a violation of the outflow of bile). Changes are also noticeable in the tongue - it becomes smooth, shiny. Due to the lack of vitamin B12, coordination is disturbed, vibration sensitivity is lost, and muscle tone increases.

Bacterial gastritis

Chronic gastritis type B is the most common. It is a chronic non-atrophic disease that mainly develops in the antrum of the stomach. Helicobacter pylori bacteria provoke it. Often this type of disease is manifested by ulcerative symptoms:

• pain in the epigastric region on an empty stomach or at night;
• nausea with vomiting;
• sour belching with heartburn;
• stool problems (usually constipation).

The above symptoms develop due to an increase in the function of acid formation, which appears as a response to the defeat of the antrum. It is noteworthy that sometimes the disease occurs without obvious symptoms.

Reflux gastritis

Type C gastritis is chronic, with constant reflux of intestinal contents into the stomach. This is the reason for the development of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the mucous membranes of the digestive organ. It should be noted that the clinical manifestations of the disease do not always correspond to the degree of damage. In some cases, the disease does not show any symptoms. Common manifestations of reflux gastritis are:

• sudden weight loss;
• nausea and vomiting with bile impurities;
• heaviness in the stomach, regardless of food intake;
• bitterness in the mouth, unpleasant aftertaste;
• diarrhea, followed by constipation;
• bloating.

Diagnostic Measures

To make an accurate diagnosis, certain diagnostic measures are taken:

1. Blood/urine tests. With their help, the doctor easily recognizes the inflammatory process. Also, with the help of a general analysis, hyperchromic anemia is determined (this applies to an autoimmune disease).
2. Coprogram. Hidden blood, undigested food particles may be present in the feces, especially if the secretory activity of the stomach is reduced.
3. FGDS and histology. If FGDS is not possible (although the indications of this study are considered decisive in making a diagnosis), an x-ray examination of the organ using a contrast agent (barium) is dispensed with. However, in this case, the x-ray is less informative. A biopsy is also taken for histological examination.
4. Research of secretory function. It is carried out using a special probe. If there are contraindications to the use of the probe, the study is carried out with a Sali or Masevich test. However, probeless methods are less informative and have only an approximate value.
5. detection of Helicobacter pylori. The procedure for taking a biopsy with subsequent staining according to a certain scheme is considered standard, after which the samples are examined under a microscope. The biomethod is also used - the microorganism is sown on a nutrient medium.
6. Manometry. The method is informative in the diagnosis of the reflux form of the disease. Manometry determines the pressure in the duodenum (normally it is up to 130 mm of water column, with a disease it rises to 240 mm of water column).

It is important to conduct a differential diagnosis in order to exclude the presence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, diaphragmatic hernia, esophagitis and tumors.

Therapy

Treatment of a chronic disease of any type should be comprehensive. It is necessary to exclude external causes of gastritis - stop smoking, drinking alcohol, poor nutrition. Medications are prescribed strictly individually, depending on the manifestations and stage of the disease. Diet is of particular importance.

Treatment of type A gastritis

There are no specific therapeutic measures for this form of the disease. Until recently, doctors used replacement therapy if digestive functions were disturbed. However, the effectiveness of such treatment has not been proven, so it is used less and less. With exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which often accompanies gastritis, pancreatic enzymes are prescribed.
If during the examination magaloblastic anemia was detected (and it was confirmed by bone marrow studies), an intramuscular solution of “Oxycobalamin” is prescribed. Such therapy can become lifelong with appropriate indicators.

Type B

Treatment is carried out according to the Maastricht Consensus II (2000) and consists of:

• In first line therapy. Proton pump blockers are used twice a day, along with this, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Metronidazole are used. The course of treatment is a week.
• In second line therapy. Proton pump blockers, Bismuth subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline are used. The course is a week.

Type C

The drug is prescribed in a tablet three times a day.

Treatment with medications is aimed at normalizing the motility of the digestive tract. For this purpose, "Motilium" is prescribed on a tablet three times a day. To neutralize the damaging effect of bile acid, "Hotestiramine" is prescribed, in parallel, the patient takes "Maalox" or "". The use of ursodeoxycholic acid has also been successful. Surgical intervention is indicated for organic obstruction of the duodenal process 12.

Surgery

A reasonable indication for surgical intervention is the malignancy of the process, that is, the degeneration of gastritis into an oncological neoplasm. Also, surgery is indispensable for open bleeding and other complications caused by the disease.

Compliance with the regime

During the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, it is important to follow a certain regimen. First of all, you should give up bad habits, avoid stressful situations. Try not to overload the nervous system, do not experience bad emotions, and conduct moderate physical activity. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe sedatives or antidepressants. You need to eat properly and regularly. Pay attention to what you eat, say no to snacking on the go, junk food.

It is better to eat food fractionally and often, portions should be up to 200 gr. Along with good nutrition, healthy sleep (at least 8 hours), walks in the fresh air will help.

Gastritis is a common pathology in which the mucous membrane of the stomach is affected. But not everyone knows that this term hides several subtypes of the disease - type A, B and C gastritis - each of which has different clinical manifestations and requires an individual therapeutic approach. Let's figure out what symptomatic picture each type of gastritis has, what modern methods of treatment and prevention are used.

Types of gastritis

The classification of varieties of gastritis of the stomach is carried out according to the etiological basis, that is, based on the factor that provokes the development and progression of the disease.

Type A - autoimmune chronic gastritis

Type A gastritis is diagnosed in approximately 5% of cases, that is, its prevalence is low. The mechanism of damage to the gastric mucosa occurs as a result of a malfunction of the immune system.

The immune system produces cells that protect the body from foreign cells that are sources of potential danger. Antibodies attack antigens by destroying or binding them. But if the immune system fails, antibodies attack not only foreign cells, but also the tissues of their own body.

Thus, autoimmune atrophic gastritis occurs due to the attack of antibodies on the cells of the gastric mucosa, which produces enzymes and hydrochloric acid.

It is known that the hereditary factor plays an important role in the occurrence of this pathology. Therefore, people whose relatives suffer from autoimmune gastritis should be extremely attentive to measures to prevent diseases of the digestive tract.

Type B - chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis

Gastritis of this type is statistically much more common than other subtypes of the disease. The cause of its development is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori), which infects the tissues of the stomach and duodenum.

Toxins and urease that this bacterium secretes contribute to damage to the mucous membrane of organs, and the bacteria themselves cause inflammation of these lesions. Trying to get rid of the source of inflammation, the stomach begins to produce even more hydrochloric acid, which corrodes the walls of the organ. Thus, gastritis develops first, and subsequently, without proper treatment, ulcers and stomach cancer.

• Helicobacter has a high degree of resistance to the environment. Most pathogenic bacteria die in the acidic environment of the stomach, but Helicobacter survives well in acid.
• You can get it through dirty hands, saliva, food.
• According to statistics, it can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of 70% of people.

Type C - chronic gastritis: reflux gastritis

This type of gastritis occurs as a result of reflux, in which the contents of the gallbladder enter the stomach, irritating its walls. A similar effect occurs with the abuse of alcohol and drugs (mainly anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs).

It is important to know that sometimes there is a mixed type of gastritis, in which the gastric mucosa is first attacked by Helicobacter bacteria, and then the immune system attacks the affected cells of the inflamed gastric mucosa.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of gastritis of any type is of key importance for prompt and correct treatment. In its process, methods of laboratory and functional diagnostics are used:

• clinical and biochemical blood tests that detect the presence of an inflammatory process in the body (elevated leukocytes and ESR) or confirm hyperchromic anemia as a marker of an autoimmune type of gastritis;
• fecal analysis to detect traces of blood and undigested food, characteristic of all types of gastritis;
• fibrogastroscopy - a method of examining the stomach using a probe that is inserted orally to study the condition of the mucosa on the monitor of the device;
• detection of Helicobacter by biopsy and microscopic examination of tissues;
• Manometry is the main method used in the diagnosis of type C gastritis, which is the pressure in the duodenum if it exceeds the norm of 130 mm Hg. Art., we can talk about the presence of reflux gastritis.

Equally important is the symptomatic picture, that is, the patient's complaints presented at the appointment with a therapist or gastroenterologist.

Type A gastritis

Autoimmune gastritis is rare, but its main danger is incurability and latent course. Therefore, it is useful for each person to know about the signs of the presence of the disease and the rules of nutrition that slow down the progression.

Symptoms

Autoimmune gastritis is asymptomatic for a long time, so the chance of diagnosing it at an early stage is almost minimal. The latent form of the disease can last for several years, after which anemia develops as a result of B 12 deficiency. Therefore, the symptoms with which the patient comes to the doctor are more related to the disruption of the nervous rather than the digestive system:

• weakness,
• fast fatiguability,
• drowsiness.

When the disease goes into an open form, the patient is faced with the following symptoms:

• dull pain in the abdomen, the occurrence of which does not correlate with the time of eating;
• nausea;
• unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• alternating constipation and diarrhea.

From the clinical picture, it is obvious that this subtype of gastritis does not have specific symptoms associated with the work of the digestive system. Therefore, if this disease is suspected, the doctor first of all excludes type B and C gastritis, which are easier to diagnose with the help of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for autoimmune gastritis. Sometimes doctors use replacement therapy by prescribing enzymes to the patient. But the effectiveness of this method of treatment is not confirmed by clinical data.

In type A gastritis, it is important to treat magaloblastic anemia if it has been confirmed by bone marrow testing. For this purpose, the patient is prescribed intramuscular administration of the drug Oxycobalamin for life.

Diet principles

Diet for gastritis of autoimmune genesis should be lifelong. Therefore, it is very important to adapt the doctor's recommendations to your own taste preferences. In this case, it will be possible to slow down the progression of the pathology.

In order to simplify the process of cooking, it is worth completely abandoning frying in favor of using a double boiler and oven.

Type B gastritis

Gastritis of bacterial origin is very common, but it is quite treatable with proper diagnosis, adequate treatment and a lifelong diet.

Symptoms

With gastritis, provoked by the bacterium Helicobacter, a person experiences the following symptoms:

• pain in the abdomen, mainly during hunger and at night;
• vomit;
• sour belching;
• constipation.

The vast majority of symptoms are associated with an increase in the level of stomach acid. This function of the body is protective: in this way, the stomach tries to get rid of pathogenic bacteria that cause inflammation. But since Helicobacter pylori is resistant to hydrochloric acid, the level of acidity of gastric juice constantly rises, causing a corresponding taste in the mouth and sour belching in a person.

Treatment

There are two approaches to the treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, which are called first-line and second-line therapy.

First-line therapy involves the appointment of the following groups of drugs:

• antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin);
• antimicrobials (Metronidazole);
• proton pump blockers (Nolpaza, Controloc).

The duration of treatment is about 7 days.

Treatment in the second way requires the following appointments:

• antibiotics;
• antimicrobials;
• enveloping agents (omeprazole, omez);
• proton pump inhibitors (lansoprazole, pantoprazole);
• antihistamines (Ranitidine).

The course of treatment is designed for one week.

It is up to the attending physician to decide which therapeutic approach to use, based on:

• individual characteristics of the patient;
• his history;
• clinical picture.

Diet principles

The purpose of the diet is to minimize the mechanical traumatic effect of food on the gastric mucosa.

During the period of exacerbation of the disease, treatment is necessary in a hospital, where the patient is forced to follow a strict diet, which helps to quickly remove the inflammatory process. But all the doctor's recommendations regarding nutrition must be strictly observed throughout life. Only in this case it is possible to make the remission long and reduce the risk of complications of gastritis, which include stomach ulcers and oncological neoplasms.

With bacterial gastritis, it is extremely important to prevent hunger. In order to avoid pain in the abdomen and nausea at night, it is recommended to drink a glass of warm milk with honey before going to bed.

Type C gastritis

Gastritis resulting from chemical damage to the mucosa, like the bacterial form, is very common. With the help of modern treatment and proper nutrition, you can quickly get rid of unpleasant symptoms and prevent an exacerbation of the pathology.

Symptoms

Type C gastritis is often asymptomatic. As the disease progresses, a person may periodically experience:

• nausea,
• vomiting,
• bloating,
• increased gas production.

A specific sign of pathology is weight loss with a normal diet with sufficient calories.

Treatment

The task of treating type C gastritis is to normalize intestinal motility and neutralize bile acid in the stomach. For this purpose, the following drugs are used:

• Motilium;
• Maalox;
• Phosphalugel.

It is important to note the inadmissibility of self-treatment, since obstruction of the duodenal process may be the cause of gastritis. In this case, drug treatment does not bring any effect, and the disease itself can develop into oncology. In this case, surgical treatment is used.

Diet principles

Diet in this type of disease requires careful attention not only to the work of the stomach, but also to the activity of the intestines.

With all three types of gastritis, fractional nutrition should be observed, in which food is taken in small portions every 3 hours. You should completely refuse to eat on the go, and in case of emergency, have a snack from the list of allowed products with you.

Prevention

To prevent the development of gastritis is quite a feasible task for any person. Even the risk of an autoimmune form can be significantly reduced if the immune system does not malfunction: timely eliminate sources of chronic infection, prevent hypothermia and viral infections.

Prevention of gastritis includes the following recommendations:

• complete cessation of smoking;
• refusal or moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages with a good snack;
• fractional nutrition;
• refusal of canned food and fast food in favor of balanced healthy food;
• avoidance of stress;
• observance of the rules of personal hygiene in order to avoid food poisoning.

You should regularly visit a doctor for preventive purposes in order to detect pathology at an early stage and get rid of it in time.