Signs of a sore throat in a small child: symptoms with a photo of the throat, treatment and prevention of the disease. The initial stage of the disease. A. The use of antibiotics in the treatment of angina in a child

(from Latin “ango” - “I squeeze, squeeze, soul) is an inflammatory disease that affects the lymphoid tissue of the throat (tonsils). Since the tonsils in children are the body's first line of defense against viruses or bacteria, they easily become infected or inflamed. During puberty, their function is simplified, so cases of tonsillitis in adulthood are more rare.

When the tonsil is infected, the following processes occur:

• tissue swelling;
• release of purulent-mucous exudate;
• body intoxication.

All this significantly affects the human condition, especially since children are more difficult to tolerate such. In addition, intoxication is accompanied by an increase in temperature, and this can become dangerous for the baby.

Of course, if the baby has 38 ° and he looks normal, “peppy”, then it may not be worth rushing to give the medicine so that the immune system fights the infection in this way. But at temperatures above 39.5-40 °, you need to call ambulance. Doctors will give an injection to quickly bring down the fever, since serious complications can occur at such a mark.

Note! and acetylsalicylic acid contraindicated for children!

How long does the temperature last for angina in children? The fever goes away in 3-4 days. All this time, you can give the child antipyretics. If the fever persists for more than 4 days, we recommend that you consult a doctor.

Antipyretic drugs also have an analgesic effect. What other remedies for sore throats are used for children under 3 years old? For local therapy, sprays and throat lozenges are suitable (see table).

How to treat a throat with angina for children from 2 years old? It is necessary to use special solutions for gargling: "Pharmaceptic", "Miramistin", "Chlorophyllipt". The last two must be diluted with water 1: 2. You can also make a solution of 2 Furacilin tablets and a glass of warm water.

In addition to patented medicines for tonsillitis, they use the following means: a decoction of herbs (chamomile, calendula, sage, St. John's wort), propolis tincture, hydrogen peroxide. And to lubricate the tonsils, take sea buckthorn oil.

Rinsing, warming, compresses and inhalations for angina

Gargling with salt for angina - The best way soothe the throat. In addition to pain relief, salty water Helps kill infection and reduce inflammation. Take 1 tsp. salt and mix it in a glass of warm water. You can also rinse with soda for sore throat, the recipe is the same.

Gargle with angina, the child needs in the presence of an adult. You must control the process so that the child does not drink salt water.

If the child is worried about coughing, then steam inhalations can be carried out 2-3 times a day. To do this, use any container with warm water. The child should bend over it and cover with a towel. Breathe the steam for 10 minutes. Thus, the mucous plaque in the throat and nose is steamed off. After the procedure, it becomes easier to breathe, mucus comes out of the throat and nose.

There are other folk remedies for inflammation of the tonsils:

1. Basil. Add a few basil leaves to 200 ml of water and boil for 10 minutes. Then strain, add a spoonful of honey to the water and lemon juice. Let's drink this remedy to the child 2-3 times a day. Basil has anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. Not only does it help heal tonsillitis faster, but it also acts as a pain reliever.
2. Cinnamon and turmeric. Another spice with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Cinnamon can be added in 1 tsp. in warm water or tea, and with turmeric they make a solution for gargling (also 1 tsp per glass of water).
3. Mint decoction. Peppermint fights infection and also soothes irritation of the throat lining. To make a decoction, drop 1 tbsp. mint in 200 ml of boiling water and boil for a couple of minutes. Strain, add honey.

When you can put compresses that help relieve sore throat and speed up recovery. For example, in traditional medicine use a cabbage leaf (previously doused with boiling water), smeared with honey. It is attached to the goal, wrapped with cellophane and a warm scarf on top. Leave for 30 minutes.

Important! Alcohol compresses children under 3 years are contraindicated!

Consequences and complications of angina

Why is angina dangerous for babies?

1. Most often, a complication occurs in the form, acute rhinitis or . Several diseases in the complex bring more unpleasant symptoms And they are harder to heal.
2. Edema of the tonsils can provoke a partial or complete overlap of the larynx, especially in children the lymphoid tissue has larger size. It threatens sudden stop breathing.
3. Purulent processes without proper control can spread to neighboring organs, causing an abscess (phlegmonous tonsillitis). It may even spread to meninges(meningitis).
4. β - hemolytic streptococcus group A is capable of causing such dangerous state, how rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

The latest complications are extremely rare, but parents still need to be on the alert and not miss the baby anxiety symptoms. Also, do not delay the introduction of an antibiotic if it is prescribed by a doctor.

How to prevent angina?

There are several rules that will help prevent infection with sore throat and other infections:

1. the child should wash their hands after coming from the street;
2. if someone in the family is sick, then keep the baby away from the sick person, do not use the same dishes for them, as well as things such as a towel;
3. avoid hypothermia. To do this, you should dress your child according to the weather and not give him too much cold water. Those who are prone to the development of tonsillitis, it is advisable not to eat ice cream;
4. Boost your immune system with vitamins and healthy food. Frequent sore throat in a child may be associated with a weak defense of the body;
5. take care of cleanliness in the house, ventilate the child's room so that dust and bacteria do not accumulate in it.

We hope our advice will be useful to you!

In children, chronic tonsillitis is one of those diseases for the treatment of which all means are good, and all at once. Let's figure out in what order.

The child's throat reddened - in a panic, the parents run to the pharmacy for antibiotics, shifting all responsibility for the recovery of the child to these drugs. It turns out a paradox: wanting to take it seriously, we nevertheless act lightly. After all, if you suspect inflammation of the tonsils, you need, firstly, to call a doctor who will accurately diagnose and tell you how to cure the throat, and, secondly, take another series important measures: from bed rest to help the body recover.

1. "I'm lying in the sun..." The first symptoms of angina are high fever, general weakness, chills - without any coercion they put the baby in bed for several days. Any movement in the acute phase (until the temperature subsided) and another 2-3 days after can lead to various complications. No matter how strange it sounds, let your child enjoy comedies or cartoons during this period. In addition to the fact that they "keep" him in "horizontal positions", they will also cheer him up. Laughter, as you know, has a general strengthening effect on the body, and good mood, according to numerous studies, improves immunity.
2. No crackers! In principle, you don’t want to, given the sore throat, but it’s worth considering this recommendation more broadly. Of course, all food should be soft, preferably in the form of mashed potatoes, so as not to further injure the tonsils. One of the main rules of nutrition when there is inflammation of the tonsils is to drink plenty of water. It promotes the elimination of toxins formed in the body during illness. Prepare fruit drinks, compotes, tea with lemon, broths. At the same time, drinks and dishes should not be hot, only warm. Warming up the tonsils will cause a rush of blood to the diseased areas, and with it the infection can spread throughout the body, which will only worsen the condition. To please the baby, prepare him a salad or mashed fruit “charged” with vitamins. By the way, do not forget that tonsillitis is an infectious disease, so the patient should have separate dishes.

1. Help, but not salvation: folk remedies for angina Looking on the Internet for how to treat a sore throat, do not flatter yourself that folk recipes save if there is acute inflammation tonsils. Doctors are unanimous - decoctions of herbs, various solutions, of course, alleviate the condition of the patient, but alone they will definitely not cope with the disease - they will not speed up recovery and will not prevent complications.
   On the other hand, after such a procedure, the pain noticeably decreases, it becomes easier to swallow. Rinsing should be repeated at least 5 times a day, always after meals. In this case, you do not need to be too zealous so as not to additionally damage the tonsils.
2. Air heals too. The room where the sick baby is located should be fresh and humid. Optimum temperature- about 20-22 ° C, and humidity - up to 60%. To do this, firstly, ventilate regularly, but so that the patient does not end up in a draft. Secondly, do wet cleaning once a day. And, thirdly, use a humidifier (if you don’t have one, you can simply put a container of water in the room). All this is extremely important, since dry air is very harmful in angina. It further injures the mucosa and weakens local immunity, which will only aggravate the disease. By the way, by maintaining a healthy microclimate, you will also protect the rest of the family from illness.
3. Prevention is always better than cure. As soon as the infection is blocked, the acute inflammation of the tonsils is removed, it is very important to start restoring local immunity - in fact, the “pain field” of the infection. For such a throat treatment, the German complex preparation is ideal. natural origin Tonsilotren, which has proven itself over 75 years of use, both for the treatment of angina in children and the prevention of exacerbations chronic tonsillitis.

Tonsilotren from angina is a team of 5 natural "defenders":

• Atropinum sulfuricum helps to remove acute edema tonsils at the very beginning of the disease;
• Hepar sulfuris works to prevent the recurrence of the disease, namely suppuration;
• Mercurius bijodatus reduces cervical lymph nodes and tonsils in size;
• Silicea helps to restore the tissue of the tonsils after inflammation;
• Kalium bichromicum relieves pain and inflammation.

Thanks to this powerful composition Tonsilotren effectively helps to “get in shape” and, finally, cure a sore throat: relieves inflammation of the tonsils, promotes gradual cleansing, restores tissues after purulent lesion and ultimately strengthens them protective function. All this together helps to prevent a recurrence of the disease.

Sweet lozenges are a convenient form that will appeal to even the youngest patients. Although Tonsilotren available without a prescription, before using the drug, be sure to read the instructions and consult a doctor. The main thing is to strictly follow the recommended course, even if improvements are quickly outlined. May your children be healthy!

Discussion

I am all for folk remedies! although sometimes, of course, without pills, nowhere, but still I try to divert it to extreme case)) With angina it is very useful to drink beetroot juice! Even with a cold, I always drink it, it helps a lot! I even found an article about this [link-1]! By the way, I read that even with oncology it is even advised to drink it, it facilitates chemistry! That is why I am for natural and healthy treatment!

Mialla, I am also in no hurry to stuff the child with antibiotics. I prefer a more gentle treatment. The ENT advised us Tonsilotren tablets (son 6 years old) for acute tonsillitis. This article is about them. It helped us a lot. They have an anti-inflammatory effect and strengthen weakened immunity.

The child has a temperature of 38 for the second day, a red throat. The doctor came, said that it looked like a sore throat and immediately prescribed an antibiotic. I did not give it to the child, there is not even a white coating. We gargle with rotokan, but I don’t see much improvement. What else can be given to a child besides an antibiotic?

Comment on the article "How to treat a sore throat in a child in a complex: 5 important points!"

Sore throat? Angina and scarlet fever in children: symptoms and treatment. How to treat angina? Sore throat: sore throat in children and chronic tonsillitis. Treatment of angina in children. By the way, do not forget that tonsillitis is an infectious disease, so the patient must ...

Sore throat: laryngitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and 6 more reasons. Sore throat: treatment of angina, laryngitis. How to treat a sore throat in a child Sore throat in children and chronic tonsillitis are one of those diseases for the treatment of which all means are good, and all at once.

Sore throat? Angina and scarlet fever in children: symptoms and treatment. Sore throat: sore throat in children and chronic tonsillitis. Treatment of angina in children. Dear doc, is it worth removing the tonsils at the age of 34, the tonsils are very enlarged, frequent inflammations, sore throats are rare.

Discussion

Yes, I was also injected with bitsilin, I had the same trouble, frequent sore throats. The child appears to have been inherited. Here is a child, ENT gave such recommendations: in the summer, start hardening the child and the neck, for the neck, give ice cream, a little bit, but regularly, respectively, in the fall and winter, you also need to give it, the drink is cool, well, everything like that, too attended. They also constantly used sea water for the throat, irrigated it regularly, sea ​​water clears the throat, generally useful. Also, the pediatrician prescribed us to drink Minisan courses, this is vitamin D, in general, our doctor believes that vitamin D is important for children at any age, because this vitamin is responsible not only for healthy growth bones of the skeleton, but also for immunity, is also responsible, in general, we take it regularly. What can I say, pah pah, but what is chronic tonsillitis, what is it, we forgot.

We have a similar case: they prescribed bitsilin-5 injections - 1 injection per month, so 3 months. I don’t know yet what the results will be, I read the reviews - it seems like an adequate prescription for frequent sore throats.

What to do if the throat hurts: tonsillitis in children and chronic tonsillitis. Treatment of angina: how to defeat streptococcus and why to take tests. Runny nose in a child up to a year: warming up, inhalation, clearing the nasal passages. What to do if your throat hurts: sore throat in children and ...

Discussion

The small noro had the virus, but also diarrhea with vomiting on the first day. With pimples. Antibiotics were not taken, the pace was only in the first 1.5 days.

My daughter at 2 years old had something like this, only the temperature was higher. Antibiotics were not prescribed. Everything is gone. They said you can if you want. topical antibiotic, I did not. Now my daughter is 6.7, she reacts to each virus with swelling and redness of her throat. Maybe because of the fact that at that time she was not treated with antibiotics. It seems like a sore throat without antibiotics should not go away and the temperature will not subside.

With angina, the throat hurts sooo much, maybe the child does not really understand what you are asking him about? Runny nose in a child up to a year: warming up, inhalation, clearing the nasal passages. What to do if the throat hurts: tonsillitis in children and chronic tonsillitis.

Discussion

Well wait, everything will be fine!
We recently got sick with a sore throat (we are 6) + snot. What did they use:
1. Throat: Geksoral 2 r / day + Irs-19 3 times a day + rinse
2. Nose: Aqualor at least 5 times a day + any drops that eliminate congestion (for sleep) + Irs-19
3. Vitamins, lemon, orange, raspberry.

On the topic of Irs-19 - it turned out to be a wonderful thing. Written on it - splash in the nose. We were advised by the ENT last year to spray in the throat, the tonsils were enlarged. The result is impressive.

As for the pustules, you can still, of course, cauterize with Lugol, but it’s very difficult for children. In theory, we completely expelled the pustules from the throat in about 7 days. Runny nose went in parallel

A runny nose can appear from Fluditec - it's a very strong mucolytic. That's how it went.)

What to do if the throat hurts: tonsillitis in children and chronic tonsillitis. A child (7.5 years old) has a sore throat. Can't you get by with rinsing, Bioparox, or something else? Sore throat and sore throat in children: antibiotics or rinses? A 3-year-old child has a temperature of 2 weeks.

The reasons

With tonsillitis or acute tonsillitis, inflammation of the tonsils occurs. Normally, these lymphatic elements are designed to eliminate various microbes that enter the body through the upper respiratory tract. Tonsils are made up of huge amount lymphocytes. These cells fight pathogens and secrete biologically active substances that help eliminate infections.

What most often causes angina in children?

Most often, angina in children is caused by:

• bacteria. The leader among bacterial pathogens - b - hemolytic streptococcus. It causes angina in about 80% of all cases. The remaining 20% ​​are staphylococcal flora, Haemophilus influenzae, and anaerobic microorganisms.
• Viruses. Most often these are: herpes viruses, Coxsackie virus, adenoviruses, as well as influenza or parainfluenza pathogens.
• Mushrooms. At candidal infection pronounced damage occurs on the tonsils. They are mainly caused by a fungus of the Candida class.

Can the chest get sick?

At one year old babies there is a risk of contracting a sore throat, but it is minimal. Children under one year old cannot get sick, because their tonsils have not yet fully formed. Usually, to complete the final development, at least a year and a half after the birth of a child must pass. During this time, the tonsils acquire normal structure and begin to perform their main functions.

Even a two-year-old child has a rather low risk of getting a sore throat. This is due to the fact that during breastfeeding mother provides for the baby enough protective immune proteins - immunoglobulins. These substances help babies not get sick acute tonsillitis throughout the lactation period.

According to statistics, cases of angina in children under three years of age are rare. In children younger than a year old, due to insufficiently good work of the tonsils, the infection can immediately penetrate into the lower respiratory tract, reaching the bronchi and lungs.

How does the disease progress in a three-year-old child?

Older kids can easily get sore throats from other kids who are sick and contagious. Usually, children become infected in kindergarten during common games with the same toys. The causative agents of infection in this case remain on various objects for a long time.

kids preschool age often put things and toys in their mouths. Saliva remains on such objects, which becomes a source of infection.

The course of the disease in a child aged 3 years can be quite severe. The most dangerous is the development of angina in a child with concomitant chronic diseases ENT organs, as well as immunodeficiency. In this case, the disease quite often passes into chronic form. In some infants, even with a moderate to severe course of the disease, complications may develop.

Symptoms

The most specific signs of acute tonsillitis include:

• Pain when swallowing. With any attempt to swallow food, the child has a strong pain syndrome. Too hard foods, as well as excessively cold or hot dishes, can cause increased soreness.
• Redness of the pharynx, swelling of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx. The palatine arches become compacted, edematous, bright red. When touching the tonsils, pain increases.
• Eruptions and purulent plaques. Various fluid-filled vesicles or purulent foci cover the entire surface of the tonsils. AT severe cases arise large cavities filled with pus. When the tonsils are touched, they can break through with the outflow of foul-smelling contents.
• Enlarged lymph nodes. The parotid, occipital and lymph nodes located at an angle are most often damaged. mandible. They become hard and painful. In some cases, the lymph nodes enlarge so much that they become visible even with a visual examination.
• The temperature rises to 38-39 degrees. It grows rapidly during the first days of the onset of adverse symptoms. The severity of temperature directly affects the manifestation of symptoms of intoxication.
• Violation of general well-being. In babies, appetite almost completely disappears, they refuse breastfeeding. Children can cry, act up, sleep more. Some babies are more likely to ask to be held.

The incubation period for angina can be different. It depends on what is the cause of the disease. With viral sore throats, it is usually 5-7 days. First adverse symptoms with bacterial tonsillitis, they appear after 7-14 days. Fungal angina begins 5-14 days after the onset of the disease.

How many days does the fever last?

Elevated temperature usually persists for 3-5 days from the onset of the first symptoms of the disease and remains high throughout the day.

The effectiveness of the use of antipyretics is estimated only for 2-3 days. Usually at this time, the body temperature begins to return to normal. It also helps the child feel much better.

Treatment

It is possible to treat sore throat in children under three years of age at home, but under the supervision of the attending physician. Uncomplicated forms of the disease do not require the child to be in the hospital. If the baby has developed dangerous complications or the course of the disease has become threatening, then hospitalization may be required.

Angina can be cured with adequately selected treatment in 7-10 days. Usually, on the third day, body temperature returns to normal, and soreness in the throat almost completely disappears when swallowing.

However, this does not mean that you need to completely stop the use of drugs. The recommended medicines should be drunk completely, according to the scheme recommended by the doctor.

To treat angina in three-year-old babies, doctors use various antibiotics. These medicines may be given as tablets or injections.

Sucking lozenges and sprays can only be used in children older than three years.

Rinsing with medicinal decoctions have been held since the age of two. Various medicinal herbs are perfect for them: chamomile, calendula, sage.

Remove purulent plugs from the surface of the tonsils yourself should be very careful. Remove plaque will help use sea ​​buckthorn oil. Cotton turunda dipped in such home remedy, carried out on the surface of the tonsils. With regular treatment, plaque becomes softer and can be easily removed.

The procedure should be performed as carefully as possible so as not to cause additional trauma to the tonsils in the baby.

Medical therapy

For the treatment of acute tonsillitis are used:

• Antibacterial agents. Medicines are preferred a wide range actions. Most often, treatment is carried out with clavulanic acid-protected penicillins, macrolides, as well as drugs from the cephalosporin group. Amoxiclav, Tsiprolet, Sumamed, Augmentin - are the drugs of choice for treatment bacterial forms angina. They are prescribed for 7-10 days with mandatory monitoring of the effectiveness of their use.
• Antipyretic drugs. They are used only when the body temperature rises above 38 degrees. Not assigned to permanent reception. Usually applied in the first 2-3 days after the onset of the disease.
• Rinsing. They are used in babies over 2.5 years old. They are prescribed for 7-10 days, 3-4 times a day. The baby should not rinse independently. During the procedure, one of the parents must be nearby. If the child cannot hold the liquid in his mouth without swallowing, then rinsing should be discarded.
• Multivitamin complexes. The microelements included in their composition help the body recover faster from the disease and strengthen the immune system.
• Treatment of tonsils from raids. To do this, in children of three years, it is better to use a decoction of chamomile or sage. The use of Lugol's solution for these purposes is currently not used. Such treatment can only lead to additional damage to the mucous membranes on the tonsils.

Angina is acute infectious diseases and is characterized by an inflammatory process localized mainly on palatine tonsils ah, so in another way it is also called acute tonsillitis. The causative agents can be bacteria, viruses and fungi, but in the vast majority of cases it turns out to be β-hemolytic streptococcus. Infection of children is carried out by airborne droplets and less often household way in contact with sick children or adults. The most susceptible to the onset of the disease are children aged 3 to 6 years who attend children's groups.

1. Catarrhal. Characterized relatively easy flow, superficial lesion tonsils, their redness and swelling, from above they are covered with transparent mucus.
2. Lacunar. It manifests itself in the form of formation in the lacunae of the tonsils and on their surface a yellowish-white purulent plaque.
3. Follicular. Accompanied by an increase in palatine tonsils in size, the formation of yellow or white on their surface purulent plugs up to 3 mm in diameter.
4. fibrinous. It is characterized by the appearance of a whitish-yellow fibrinous coating over the entire surface of the tonsils and sometimes beyond them in the form of a film, most often it is a consequence of lacunar or follicular tonsillitis.
5. Ulcerative membranous. Accompanied by loosening of the tonsils and the formation of a grayish-yellow plaque on them, leaving superficial ulcers with a gray bottom, it develops with severe exhaustion of the body, immunodeficiency, lack of vitamins B and C.

The first three forms are most common, with lacunar and follicular tonsillitis are often a continuation of catarrhal.

Angina in children can occur as independent disease(primary) or be a consequence or complication of other diseases: diphtheria, scarlet fever, mononucleosis, leukemia, agranulocytosis (secondary). Depending on the pathogen, angina is divided into bacterial, viral, fungal.

The most common bacterial pathogens sore throats in children are streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus. At the same time, the share of diseases caused by streptococcus accounts for about 80% of all clinical cases.

causative agents viral sore throat there may be Coxsackie and ECHO viruses, as well as viruses of the herpes family (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus), adenoviruses and others. The disease is accompanied by the appearance of rashes on the tonsils, outwardly resembling bubbles with herpes simplex, in connection with which this sore throat is called herpetic.

With fungal angina, there is a combination of damage to the tonsils by fungi genus Candida or Leptotryx with streptococci or staphylococci.

The reasons

Infection with angina in children occurs after contact with a sick child or adult by airborne droplets, through food, drinks and household items (dishes, towels, toys). A sick person is contagious to others from the first days of the disease until complete recovery. The following factors contribute to the development and reproduction of pathogenic microflora on the tonsils when it enters the child's body:

• hypothermia;
• consumption of cold drinks and foods;
• decreased immunity against the background of existing or recently past illnesses;
• chronic fatigue;
• disease of the nasopharynx, accompanied by a violation of nasal breathing;
• bad nutrition.

In babies under 6 months, this disease does not occur, in children from 6 to 12 months, the appearance of a sore throat is possible, but this happens extremely rarely. This is due to the fact that the development of the palatine tonsils and the differentiation of their follicles begins only from the age of six months. Accordingly, if there are no tonsils, then there can be no inflammation of them.

In some children, the tonsils are hypertrophied, often inflamed, and represent a source of chronic infection. This disease is called chronic tonsillitis. Moreover, any additional infection, cold, hypothermia, stress cause its exacerbation, the symptoms of which are similar to the symptoms of a sore throat, but this disease is not a sore throat as such, since no infection occurs. Just under the influence favorable factors for the development of a constantly present on the tonsils in small quantities pathogenic microflora, it begins to actively multiply and causes inflammation.

Symptoms

With angina in children, the following symptoms suddenly appear:

• an increase in temperature to 38-40 ° C, which is very difficult to control with traditional children's antipyretic drugs;
• an increase in size and soreness on palpation of nearby lymph nodes;
• strong sharp pain in the throat, painful difficulty swallowing;
• feeling of dryness, perspiration and tightness in the throat;
• hoarse voice;
• general weakness, nausea, loss of appetite, refusal to eat;
• pain in the joints, muscles and in the region of the heart;
• headache;
• capriciousness, anxiety, tearfulness (in very young children).

Their intensity depends on the specific form and severity of the course of the disease.

The main differences between angina and ordinary ARVI, in which sore throat and other symptoms of angina in children can also be noted, are the absence of cough, runny nose, high fever with chills, sudden onset of the disease, the presence of pathological changes on the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes.

Diagnostics

If you suspect a sore throat, the child must be shown to the doctor. Self-diagnosis and self-treatment in this situation can result in serious complications. The doctor must take an anamnesis, listen to the complaints of the parents, examine the pharynx and pharynx, assess the condition of the tonsils, and prescribe additional examinations.

To identify the cause of the disease, the child is given a general analysis of blood, urine and bacteriological culture pharynx (from the tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall) with the determination of the sensitivity of detected bacteria to antibiotics. With bacterial angina in the general blood test, it is noted:

• increased content of leukocytes;
• an increase in the number of stab neutrophils;
• raising the content immature forms neutrophils (metamyelocytes and myelocytes);
• decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes;
• high ESR indicators(up to 40-50 mm/hour).

In the urine, traces of protein and single erythrocytes are found.

If the disease is caused by a viral infection, then the following deviations from the norm are observed in the general blood test:

• increased content of lymphocytes;
• a slight increase in the concentration of monocytes;
• decrease in the number of neutrophils;
• increase in ESR.

With angina, it is important to carry out differential diagnosis, since its typical symptoms are also observed in diphtheria and infectious mononucleosis. Unlike angina, diphtheria additionally affects the heart, kidneys, nervous system, and with infectious mononucleosis, there is an increase in all lymph nodes, damage to the liver and spleen.

Video: Angina in children and adults. How to treat

Treatment of angina in children

If you suspect a sore throat in a child, parents should first of all call a doctor at home or go to a children's clinic. Treatment this disease can take place both in a hospital and at home, depending on the severity of the patient's condition. Children under one year of age are usually hospitalized immediately.

The disease of viral etiology usually passes faster and easier than that caused by streptococcus or other bacteria. The basis of therapy for bacterial angina are oral or oral antibiotics. injection form. With herpetic sore throat, treatment is symptomatic, but sometimes additional antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed.

Treatment of angina is carried out in a complex and includes the following medications:

• drugs directly aimed at combating the pathogen (antibiotics, antiviral or antifungals);
• antipyretic drugs;
• antihistamines;
• local antiseptics.

In addition to the medicines prescribed by the doctor, it is necessary to give the child abundant warm drink(weak tea, compote, plain or mineral water without gas) to reduce intoxication, replenish fluid losses during elevated temperature and prevention of dehydration. In the room where the patient is located, it is necessary to carry out wet cleaning daily and often ventilate it.

At serious condition in the first days of the disease, children should observe bed rest. A sick child should be given separate dishes, hygiene items and isolate it from other children to prevent the spread of infection. It is better to feed a child with warm, crushed food of a liquid or semi-liquid consistency (mashed potatoes, soups, cereals, broths), so as not to further injure the inflamed mucous membrane of the tonsils. From the same point of view, you should not offer your child spicy, sour, salty foods, carbonated drinks, hot tea.

Usually, 3-4 days after the start of treatment for sore throat, the child's condition improves significantly, the sore throat becomes less intense, the temperature does not rise to high values. Full recovery in the absence of complications occurs within 7-10 days.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics are the main element in the treatment of bacterial sore throat. Moreover, it was found that it is more effective to start taking them on the second or third day from the onset of the onset of the characteristic symptoms of a sore throat in a child, as this will allow the body to form a certain immunity against the pathogen for the future. However, if the child's condition is severe, then treatment should begin immediately.

With angina caused by streptococcus, antibiotics are used, which are available in the form of tablets, suspensions or powder for preparation injection solutions. The choice of a specific drug and the method of its use is solely the task of the doctor. Children with angina can be prescribed the following antibiotics:

• amoxicillin from the penicillin group (flemoxin, ampicillin) or amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid (amoxiclav, augmentin, ecoclave);
• azithromycin (sumamed, azithromycin, azitrox, hemomycin) and midecamycin (macropen) from the macrolide group;
• cefuroxime (cefurus, zinnat, axetin), cefixime (suprax, pancef) and other antibiotics from the cephalosporin group.

It is very important not to stop taking antibiotics after the child's condition improves, but to full course treatment, which for most drugs is 7-10 days. Otherwise, the likelihood of a child developing further serious complications after a sore throat increases, since the causative agent of the disease is not completely destroyed and acquires resistance to the therapy.

Absence therapeutic effect after 3 days after taking the prescribed antibiotic is an indication for its replacement.

To prevent dysbacteriosis, probiotics are given to the child in parallel with antibiotics and for some time after the end of their intake. These drugs include linex, bifidumbacterin, bifiform, lactobacterin.

Local treatment

Local treatment of children with angina has an antiseptic effect, makes swallowing easier, reduces inflammation and sore throat, but does not affect the recovery time. The doctor should select drugs for him, taking into account the age of the child and contraindications. Treatment may include gargling, sucking on tablets or lozenges, and spraying the throat. It should be carried out after meals 3-5 times a day. For at least 30 minutes after the local treatment of the throat, you should not eat or drink.

For rinsing, you can use:

• furacilin solution (2 tablets per glass of water);
• 0.01% Miramistin solution;
• iodinol solution (1 tablespoon per glass of water);
• stomatidine;
• solutions prepared according to the instructions from herbal preparations(ingafitol, evkarom) and extracts (rotokan, chlorophyllipt).

Sprays are used for children over 3 years old, as in more early age children are not yet able to hold their breath during the injection of the drug, which is fraught with reflex contraction of the muscles of the larynx. When treating the throat with a spray for the prevention of laryngospasm, it is better to direct the jet of the drug not directly into the throat, but onto the cheek. Of the drugs in this group for angina, children are most often prescribed inhalipt, hexoral spray, lugol spray, tantum verde, orasept.

Of the tablets for resorption with angina, pharyngosept, hexoral tabs, lysobact, grammidin, strepsils, stopangin are used.

For very young children who are not able to gargle and dissolve tablets, local treatment may consist in removing purulent plaque from the tonsils with swabs soaked in the rinse solutions listed above. To perform this procedure, the mother must wind the cotton around forefinger, moisten it in medicine and wipe the throat mucosa with it. It is better to consult a doctor about how to perform this procedure correctly and whether it is worth doing it at all.

Antipyretics

To reduce the temperature, antipyretics approved for use in children are prescribed in the form of syrups based on paracetamol (efferalgan, panadol, kalpol) or ibuprofen (nurofen, ibufen). Considering that the high temperature characteristic of angina may be accompanied by vomiting, it is preferable to use them in the form rectal suppositories(cefecon, efferalgan, nurofen).

Antihistamines

For a warning allergic reactions against the background of taking antibiotics, many doctors prescribe to children as part of complex therapy antihistamines. Most often they are used in the form of syrups (cetrin, erius, zodak, peritol) or drops (fenistil, zirtek).

Treatment with folk remedies

From folk remedies in the treatment of angina, gargling with infusions is used. medicinal herbs with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory action. These include chamomile, calendula, sage, eucalyptus, St. John's wort. Also for rinsing, you can use a solution prepared from ½ tsp. salt and soda, 200 ml of water and a few drops of iodine.

efficient folk remedy in many diseases of the upper respiratory tract is warm milk with honey and butter. This drink softens the mucous membrane of the throat and relieves pain.

The use of alternative methods of treating angina for a child must be agreed with the doctor, since some procedures for this disease are strictly contraindicated. First of all, this concerns steam inhalation and warm compresses.

Video: Pediatrician Komarovsky E. O. about the symptoms and treatment of angina

Complications

In the absence of timely correct therapy angina can end for a child with sad consequences. This is due to the fact that streptococcus, which in the vast majority of cases is the causative agent of the disease, affects the heart, kidneys and joints. As a result, after a few months or years, the child may develop the following severe chronic diseases:

• rheumatoid arthritis;
• glomerulonephritis;
• rheumatic endocarditis and myocarditis;
• meningitis;
• sepsis;
• necrotizing fasciitis;
• rheumatic chorea.

Currently, due to the use of antibiotics effective against streptococcus, such complications are extremely rare. For their timely detection after suffering a sore throat, it is necessary to observe a doctor for a month and conduct examinations (ECG, complete blood count and urine).

With angina, there is a risk of developing and local complications that appear immediately during the illness. These include:

• laryngitis;
• purulent lymphadenitis;
• pneumonia;
• paratonsillar abscess.

Video: Complications of angina

Prevention

The most reliable method of preventing angina is to exclude the child's contact with infected children or adults, careful observance of personal hygiene rules. In addition, parents should take early action to strengthen immune system child, which include balanced diet, hardening, adherence to the regime of the day, good sleep, sports, frequent walks in the fresh air.

Angina is a serious disease that occurs with unpleasant and painful symptoms. It is impossible not to pay attention to this disease and not take drastic measures to eliminate it. Angina in a child at the age of 5, in addition to all the troubles, often brings quite serious complications that affect the work of the kidneys and heart. Untreated tonsillitis

t, and that is how this disease is called in medicine is dangerous for the joints, the heart. Therefore, it is very important to recognize it at the beginning of the course and choose an effective, correct therapy.

The disease is an acute infectious pathology caused by pathogens from outside. Sometimes a sore throat can be caused by fungi or viruses. Angina is characterized by lesions of the tonsils, lymphoid formations in the pharynx in humans. Their inflammation leads to intoxication of the body and general poor health.

Angina in a child of 5 years old requires an immediate response, how to treat and what methods the attending physician will advise. It is highly undesirable to treat the child yourself. Parents should be aware of the symptoms of the disease and, if they appear, seek medical advice. medical help.

Tonsillitis has an acute onset that appears after incubation period, which lasts from several hours to several days.

This disease is classified into types, but regardless of this, there are certain, characteristic symptoms sore throats:

• the temperature rises to 39⁰ and above, fever and chills are disturbing;
• the child complains of sore throat, which initially disturbs during swallowing, then becomes permanent;
• all signs of intoxication appear, accompanied by headache, weakness, lack of appetite, capriciousness of the baby;
• tonsils, arches and soft sky redden and swell;
• enlarged and sore lymph nodes under the jaw.

Severe intoxication causes problems in work of cardio-vascular system with these symptoms:

• cardiopalmus;
• low blood pressure;
• ECG myocardial hypoxia.

Older children who can talk about how they feel indicate chest pains.

In order to understand how to treat a sore throat in a child of 5 years old, it is worth figuring out what the origin of the disease is. With a bacterial course of tonsillitis, the number of leukocytes in the blood and accelerated ESR are significantly increased.

What is angina - types

As for local changes in the pharynx, they depend on the type of disease:

1. For catarrhal angina swelling, redness of the tonsils, signs of intoxication and an increase in the lymph nodes under the jaw are characteristic. Sometimes there are disputes between physicians about this form of angina. Some of them argue that such a variety does not exist and classify all the symptoms of pharyngitis ( inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the pharynx).
2. Lacunar tonsillitis is a tonsillitis with all the symptoms of catarrh, to which purulent discharge from lacunae is added, and the tonsils are covered with islets purulent nature white-yellow tones, which are removed with a staple.
3. Follicular tonsillitis can be easily recognized by the presence of small abscesses no larger than 2 mm in size under the mucus of the tonsils. Sometimes because of this a large number pustular pharynx is equated to the starry sky.
4. With ulcerative necrotic angina, the surface of the tonsils is covered with foci of necrosis of gray tones. The separation of dead tissue is accompanied by the formation of deep ulcers, with jagged edges and bottom.
5. Ulcerative necrotic tonsillitis has a variety - Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent's angina, which is more weakened babies. This disease is characterized by damage to the tonsils on the one hand, in which ulcer defect with a smooth bottom. The tonsils become red and swollen. Symptoms of intoxication are mild. This sore throat may be accompanied by ulcerative stomatitis.
6. Viral tonsillitis is initially manifested by a runny nose, cough, sore throat and conjunctivitis. After that, redness and swelling of the tonsils and the appearance of loose plaque on them are noted. white color. On the back wall pharynx is observed draining of mucus. For herpetic sore throat characterized by small rashes in the form of bubbles in the sky and tonsils.

Purulent tonsillitis in a child is marked by a more complex course than catarrhal and is great danger. Of its pronounced symptoms, it is noted:

• temperature increase up to 40⁰;
• a significant increase in lymph nodes and their soreness during palpation;
• tonsils are covered with purulent foci;
• diarrhea;
• vomit.

Laboratory studies indicate a significant increase in the number of leukocytes and ESR.

causative agents purulent tonsillitis are streptococci, staphylococci and other microorganisms. Often the culprits of falling into children's body These microbes are parents who do not follow the rules of personal hygiene and allow themselves to lick the spoons or nipples of children. Many microbes in oral cavity adults do not harm them, but can cause severe inflammation and serious illness in young children.

How to treat angina in children 5 years old?

Angina in a child of 5 years is serious problem requiring action. The sooner the fight against this disease begins, the faster the recovery will be.

The main rule in the treatment of angina in a child is bed rest. Transferred tonsillitis on the legs entails serious complications.

Streptococcal angina can be complicated by rheumatism, so the fight against it must begin immediately. In the treatment of angina of microbial adventure in children, as well as in adults, it is necessary to use antibiotics. Moreover, the course of therapy cannot be stopped when the symptoms of the disease disappear, it can begin with renewed vigor.

In addition, it is necessary to treat sore throat in children 5 years old with the help of gargles. Most often, solutions of antiseptics, soda, iodine cope well with this task.

Sometimes, on the advice of the attending physician, parents irrigate the children's throats with antibacterial and antimicrobial sprays.

It is important for every parent to understand that in no case should you self-medicate. This is fraught with many serious complications. Only a doctor can correctly diagnose the disease and prescribe an effective treatment.

There are such diseases, for example, diphtheria, which are very similar in their symptoms to a sore throat. Any delay can threaten not only the health, but also the life of the baby.

Medical treatment

Every parent sooner or later asks the question - how to cure a sore throat for a five-year-old child? It is better not to take risks in this case, but immediately seek medical help and fully rely on the knowledge and competence of the doctor. How to treat a sore throat in a child? There is no single answer to this question. The doctor in each case selects an individual treatment. It depends on the general condition of the child, his age, type of angina and many others. related factors. Therapy in without fail should be complex, only in this case it is possible to achieve the required results:

• with viral angina, antiviral drugs are used, with bacterial infection antibacterial therapy is used and fungi can be eliminated with antifungal drugs;
• antihistamines are used to eliminate allergic manifestations;
• high performance temperature is brought down by antipyretic drugs;
• required when using antibacterial treatment probiotics are connected;
• an important role is played by local therapy, which includes gargling, the use of sprays, solutions for the tonsils, absorbable tablets.

To choose the correct and effective treatment the doctor must know the type of pathogen. If the situation calls for immediate action and the causative agent is unknown, symptomatic therapy until the results of cultures from the child's pharynx are obtained.

Viral angina is treated antiviral drugs. Worked well in this case:

• Kipferon;
• Viferon;
• Anaferon.

Tonsillitis of fungal origin is treated with Fluconazole, Nystatin. Angina Simanovsky in a child is treated with antibiotic therapy, which includes antibiotics to which the pathogen is sensitive. Streptococcal angina is treated with penicillin drugs. They differ in their effectiveness and do not greatly affect the microflora of the digestive tract.

Of the first-line drugs, it is worth noting:

• Amoxicillin.
• Amoxiclav.
• Augmentin.
• Ecoclave.

They are available in the form of suspension and tablets. The issue with the dosage is decided by the pediatrician.

If the pathogen is resistant to the listed drugs or the child has an intolerance, drugs from the macrolide series are prescribed:

• Macrofoam.
• Sumamed.
• Hemomycin.
• Azitrox.
• Azithromycin.

Less commonly, pediatricians resort to the services of cephalosporins, which are an alternative to antibiotics:

• Panceph.
• Cephalexin.
• Cefixime-Suprax.
• Cefurus.

It is important not to interrupt the course of treatment, which usually lasts about 10 days. Such a period of time is required for the destruction streptococcal infection. The course of treatment with Sumamed is 5 days.

You can stop taking antibiotics only with the permission of a doctor who evaluates the effectiveness of therapy, the general condition of the child and changes in the tonsils.

Warn allergic manifestations You can use antihistamines:

• Fenistil.
• Tsetrin.
• Zyrtec.
• Peritol.

During treatment, it is very important that the child's body does not experience a lack of vitamins. Regarding the intake of vitamin complexes Multitabs, Alfavit, Tsetrum, the opinions of doctors were divided. Some are inclined to the version that such vitamin preparations of synthetic origin give rise to the risk of allergies in a child and believe that all vitamins in a child's body should get along with food.

When deciding to take such vitamin complexes, it is important to do this after complete recovery, the process of assimilation of useful microelements will be much better.

The most commonly prescribed probiotics are:

• Bifiform.
• Linex.
• Biobacton.
• Bifidumbacterin.

The duration of fever with tonsillitis depends on the presence of purulent raids. By using effective therapy they can be defeated within 3 days. All three days of active struggle with angina, it is important to use antipyretic drugs:

• Nurofen.
• Panadol.
• Paracetamol.
• Nimesulide.
• Efferalgan.

Excellent help with tonsillitis gargling and irrigation of the throat. Irrigation sprays are used to treat children who have reached the age of 3 years. The drug must be directed to inside cheeks of a sick child, which will prevent spasm in the vocal cords.

Small children are treated with a dummy spray. For these purposes are used:

• Ingalipt.
• Hexoralspray.
• Lugospray.

From the age of two, you can try to teach your baby to gargle. For rinsing, a solution of Miramistin 0.01% is used, Furacilin - 2 tablets per 1 tbsp. water, Hydrogen peroxide - 2 tbsp. l. for 1 st. water.

At 5 years old, the child can be treated with absorbable tablets. Most often for these purposes are used:

• Pharyngosept.
• Strepsils.
• Geksoral tabs.
• Stopangin.

The use of folk remedies

Often folk recipes contribute speedy recovery. Angina can be overcome with drug treatment and rinsing with decoctions of herbs, if the child is not allergic to them. From herbs used chamomile, calendula, sage.

Parents should take into account the unanimous opinion of doctors that with the help of decoctions of herbs, you can promote a quick recovery and alleviate the condition of the child, but it is impossible to completely cure a sore throat.

With the help of rinsing, it is possible to significantly reduce pain when swallowing. This procedure must be done 5 times a day or more.

Raspberry and blackcurrant tea is considered useful for any cold. With tonsillitis, it is important that the tea is not too hot.

How many days is angina treated?

Most tonsillitis is caused by bacteria. Very often the causative agents of the disease are streptococci.

It will take at least 10 days to completely defeat pathogens. If you interrupt the course of treatment when the symptoms of sore throat disappear, it may return with greater strength or become chronic.

Soreness in the throat area is observed for 3-7 days. It all depends on the drugs for treatment and the serious attitude of the patient to the disease. Frequent rinsing of the throat and irrigation with a spray significantly bring recovery closer.

Possible complications

Angina in children is considered serious illness, inadequate treatment of which can turn into a big disaster for the child. Weak immunity in addition to this, it can be a trigger for the development of diseases of the urogenital area, the cardiovascular system, bones and central nervous system of the child.

It is very important after recovery to periodically see a doctor and take general analyzes. It is impossible to vaccinate the child and the Mantoux reaction within a month after the illness.

If he has swelling, shortness of breath, pain in the chest or joints, you should immediately consult a doctor.

If a sore throat often occurs in a baby, there is reason to suspect the presence of chronic tonsillitis. The doctor will be able to help understand this issue and advise the right preventive measures helping to avoid frequent exacerbations.

Angina can be fraught with such diseases:

• laryngitis;
• acute otitis;
• regional lymphadenitis;
• meningitis;
• sepsis.

These diseases may show their first symptoms soon after infection with tonsillitis. There are also such complications that occur months and years after the disease:

• pyelonephritis;
• encephalitis;
• arthritis of large joints;
• pathology of the heart in the form of pericarditis, pancarditis, myocarditis;
• heart disease, etc.

During the treatment of a sore throat in a child, parents should try to give the baby more to drink. It can be teas, fruit drinks, juices, compotes. Thus, it is possible to quickly remove the body from intoxication. It is important to remember that acidic drinks and food are not recommended in this case, they irritate the mucous membrane.

Since sore throat is accompanied by sore throat, food should be soft or pureed. It is useful during illness to feed the child with liquid soups, cereals, drink milk and butter.

If the temperature increase causes convulsions in the child, it is allowed to take measures to reduce its indicators already from 37.5⁰.

After application local methods treatment of angina is not recommended to drink and feed the baby for at least 30 minutes.

It is very important for a bacterial or viral illness to isolate the child in a separate room and provide him with individual hygiene items and utensils. In addition, wet cleaning should be carried out in this room and a healthy microclimate should be maintained in it.

From the first noticed symptoms of tonsillitis, the baby must be urgently shown to the pediatrician and follow all his instructions. This will help to quickly defeat the disease and avoid serious complications.