Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinics and sanatoriums. Programs of the musculoskeletal system (joints)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease exacerbated by periods of relapse, in severe cases it can lead to disability. It is characterized by damage to small joints, which are gradually deformed and can no longer function normally. Most often, rheumatoid arthritis develops in people aged 35-50 years. Contributes to the disease genetic predisposition. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis need long-term treatment. Along with medical methods, physiotherapy and spa treatment are actively used, which are the most important factors for a positive impact on patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients are accepted by many resorts located in different parts of the country.

Sanatoriums with mud and sulfide resources:

• Yeysk;
• Keys;
• Krasnousolsk;
• Pyatigorsk;
• Sergievsky Mineralnye Vody.

Mud resorts with sodium chloride and other mineral waters:

• Berdyansk;
• Bobruisk;
• Gelendzhik;
• Evpatoria;
• Zelenogorsk;
• Karachi;
• Lipetsk;
• Martial waters;
• Bear Lake;
• Odessa;
• Pyatigorsk;
• Saki;
• Svetlogorsk;
• Sestroretsk;
• Staraya Russa;
• Solvychegodsk;
• Usolye;
• Ust-Kut;
• Elton.

Resorts with sulfide waters (without therapeutic mud):

• Hot key;
• Sernovodsk - Caucasian;
• Sochi;
• Talki;
• Taminsk.

Balneological resorts with radon waters:

• White church;
• Belokurikha;
• Krasnousolsk;
• Urguchan;
• Ust-Kut;
• Khmilnik;
• Yamkun.

Resorts with slightly mineralized thermal waters:

• Goryachinsk;
• Karmadon;
• Kuldur;
• Nalchik;
• Ush-Beldyr.

Iodine-bromine resorts:

• Nalchik;
• Ust-Kachka and others.

In general, rheumatoid arthritis is treated in sanatoriums, rather, in the final stages of treatment. The course of spa treatment calms the nervous system, improves the condition of the joints and metabolism.

Indications for referral to a sanatorium

A patient with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is recommended sanatorium treatment after the removal of acute symptoms, as well as in the absence of contraindications from the cardiovascular system. Contraindications are: the active stage of inflammation, circulatory failure, hypertension, damage to the liver, kidneys, and pregnancy. Patients who cannot do without outside help or are limited in movement are not sent to the sanatorium. Patients taking steroid hormones need additional medical advice. After the main course of hormone therapy, it is advisable to pause for 2-3 months. If hormonal preparations are taken for a long time in the maintenance dose mode, then a trip to a sanatorium is possible.

Methods of sanatorium treatment for arthritis

The most important way to treat rheumatoid arthritis in a sanatorium is balneotherapy (from Latin balneum - bath, bathing and therapy) or external treatment with mineral waters. Hot baths significantly reduce the pain of patients. Sometimes it is so noticeable that it is possible to reduce the dosage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory or hormonal drugs and even completely cancel them.

Hydrogen sulfide baths

Taking baths with hydrogen sulfide water helps to relax muscles, increases tissue elasticity. Hydrogen sulfide sources contribute to the expansion of blood vessels, stimulate metabolism. Sulfur enters, having a beneficial effect on areas affected by any disease. Bathing in hydrogen sulfide sources reduces inflammatory processes and helps to renew cartilage tissues, increases peripheral blood circulation. In patients, the acid-base balance of the blood is normalized, metabolism is restored, and the work of the heart improves. Balneotherapy using hydrogen sulfide water is very useful in the treatment of certain types of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with a diagnosis of "rheumatoid arthritis" after bathing in sulfur baths notice a significant improvement in their condition, feel fresh and light. Hydrogen sulfide baths reduce morning stiffness, characteristic of arthritis patients, reduce inflammation, relieve swelling and pain in the joints, especially in the cervical and lumbar areas.

Treatment with radon sources

Radon baths are recommended for patients with low activity of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition to natural sources, some sanatoriums use artificially enriched radon waters. The degree of impact of the procedure on the human body is due to the concentration of radon in mineral water. There are three types of concentration of radon baths:

• more than 7500 Bq/l (strong);
• 1500-7500 Bq/l (average);
• 200-1500 Bq/l (weak).

Radon baths affect the patient's body in a complex and versatile way. After the procedure, there is an acceleration of blood flow, a decrease in inflammation. In addition, baths have an analgesic effect. Radon sources help lower blood pressure and reduce the activity of the thyroid gland. Bathing in radon baths is considered one of the most effective procedures for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The effect of radon may last several hours after the procedure is stopped.

Sodium chloride (or salt) baths

Bathing in salt baths is indicated for patients with mild forms of rheumatoid arthritis. There are 3 types of saline concentration:

• 40-80 g/l (strong);
• 20-40 g/l (average);
• 10-20 g/l (weak).

Sodium chloride baths have a positive effect on the entire human body. The concentrated saline solution stimulates skin receptors. Local irritation of the skin promotes the growth of new blood vessels, which leads to an increase in blood flow to the diseased joints and activation of recovery processes. As a result, increased blood supply, improved nutrition of muscles and tissues, increased activity of the endocrine glands, i.e. adrenal glands, pituitary gland, thyroid gland. Sodium chloride baths excite the central nervous system, which leads to improved mood and increased efficiency. In addition, salt baths have a specific effect on the walls of peripheral vessels, increasing the outflow of blood and, ultimately, facilitating the work of the joints. Salt solution relieves pain in the joints, reduces internal inflammation, which is perhaps the most important effect on the body for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Iodine-bromine procedures not only contribute to the training of the heart muscle, but also stimulate venous blood flow. Together with increased blood circulation, fat metabolism is activated and the general psycho-physiological state of a person improves. Bathing in iodine-bromine sources has an effect on the entire nervous system, has a beneficial effect on the endocrine glands, namely: it normalizes the activity of the thyroid gland, improves the function of the gonads in women and men, and stimulates the activity of the adrenal glands. Currently, sanatoriums and boarding houses in Russia often use artificial iodine-bromine waters. When preparing them, the concentration and composition of the mineral water of the Khodyzhensk natural resort is taken as the basis.

Mud treatment in a sanatorium

In addition to mineral baths, mud applications have a beneficial effect on patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. They are prescribed strictly individually, since mud therapy significantly affects the heart, blood vessels, and lungs. However, if these procedures are well tolerated, the patient receives an additional therapeutic effect in the form of training the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Silt, peat mud, and ozocerite have the most pronounced anti-inflammatory properties.

If the patient's condition does not cause concern, the doctor may recommend combining balneological procedures with physiotherapy, massage or exercise therapy. All appointments and their implementation must be monitored, records must be kept in the sanatorium book so that the attending physician can subsequently analyze their effect on the patient's body. Remember that rheumatoid arthritis is a complex disease that is easier to cure the sooner you see a specialist. A trip to a sanatorium will bring relief only if you follow all the recommendations of a specialist.

Be sure to consult your doctor before treating diseases. This will help to take into account individual tolerance, confirm the diagnosis, make sure the treatment is correct and exclude negative drug interactions. If you use prescriptions without consulting a doctor, then this is entirely at your own risk. All information on the site is presented for informational purposes and is not a medical aid. You are solely responsible for the application.

Joints play a significant role in human life, with their help the body becomes mobile. At the same time, there are many different loads on the articular tissues. This leads to their rapid wear and damage, and, consequently, to a deterioration in functioning. Since all organs in the human body are a single system, joint diseases cannot but affect other vital systems.Sanatorium treatment of joint diseasesmakes it possible to achieve significant improvements in a short time.

Sanatorium treatment of the musculoskeletal system and diseases of the joints

Sanatoriums where joint diseasesare the main profile, are located in every district of the Moscow region. In the Kashirsky district - "Kashirsky springs", sanatorium with arthrosis treatment, arthritis and other diseases. Here, with the help of the latest medical developments, combined with rich natural factors, improvements in health can be achieved in a short time. Also sanatorium accepts patients withrheumatoid arthritisand other complex forms of joint diseases.

"Valuevo" is a sanatorium where osteochondrosis of the spine, herniated discs are treated. Especially for you, doctors will develop unique lcurative programs , including the necessary loads, power and more. In addition, the amazing atmosphere of an old manor with beautiful buildings, fountains and picturesque ponds will speed up the recovery.

"Khmilnik Profsoyuzny" -sanatorium of Ukraine, where spine treatmentand joints is included in the list of medical services. Here, an amazing climate is combined with favorable natural factors: a mineral spring, healing mud. They contributetreatment of arthritis in a sanatorium, arthrosis, rheumatism. Besides, insanatoriums for the treatment of the spinethe latest technologies are used, such as a hydrokinesitherapy pool, a hydrotherapy room with radon water, and others.

Joint pain in children is quite common. It can be the result of a child's growth, as well as the result of arthritis, muscle inflammation, bacterial infection of the bones, and other causes.Children's orthopedic sanatoriums and children's rheumatological sanatoriumsdesigned to help the growing body cope with diseases and gain strength in a short time. Despite the fact that the health resort "Black Sea" is heldsanatorium treatment of polyarthritisand other diseases in adults, it can be considered aschildren's orthopedic sanatorium. Little guests are accepted from the age of four, accompanied by their parents.

Rheumatological and orthopedic sanatoriums: indications for treatment

AT orthopedic sanatoriumsrefer patients with diseases:

scoliosis (lateral curvature of the spine);

flat feet (weakness of the muscles of the lower leg, foot, ligaments and bones);

osteochondrosis of the spine (deterioration of the intervertebral discs);

rheumatism. The range of servicesrheumatological sanatoriumsincludes the treatment of inflammation of the inflammatory tissue;

arthritis. Sanatorium treatment of arthritismeans reducing joint inflammation.

resorts, where diseases of the musculoskeletal system- the main medical profile has the necessary equipment for quality treatment and suitable climatic and natural conditions for recreation.

Methods of treatment in the sanatorium for arthrosis, arthritis and other diseases

Arthritis occurs as a result of an infection or malnutrition of the joints. Therefore, the main goalarthritis spa treatmentis the restoration of metabolism in the articular cartilage. To achieve this arthritis spas use the following procedures:

One of the most complex and at the same time common health problems are joint problems. Most often, they begin to develop in middle and adulthood, and give the patient a lot of discomfort and inconvenience. So quite often, specialists have to deal with various kinds of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis. This disease is based on autoimmune processes, which only complicates its correction. Today we will talk about how to treat rheumatoid arthritis, we will discuss the treatment in the sanatorium of the disease and we will name the drugs used.

Sanatorium treatment

A patient with a similar diagnosis can be sent to a sanatorium after a successful drug reduction in the activity of pathological processes. In this case, the patient should not have exacerbations from the activity of the heart and blood vessels during the last one year, in addition, he should not experience circulatory failure above the first degree.

The main method of spa treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is a balneological effect. Hot baths when taken as a course can significantly reduce the intensity of pain, which will significantly reduce the dose of consumed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as hormones, or even cancel them completely.

Hydrogen sulfide baths remarkably optimize the processes of blood circulation in the periphery, which makes it possible to activate the regeneration of cartilaginous tissues. Also, such procedures lead to an adjusted work of the heart, establish a normal acid-base balance of the blood and normalize metabolic processes.

They also effectively cope with pathological processes in rheumatoid arthritis. They act for some time after the procedure, improving blood circulation, optimizing metabolic processes, and also regulating the activity of the nervous system. Radon also has a positive effect on the activity of the stomach, because the mucous membranes of this organ suffer greatly from taking medications.

Salt baths also have a significant positive effect on rheumatoid arthritis, they stimulate blood flow to the affected areas, which in turn activates regeneration processes. In addition, they normalize the work of the heart well, improve mood and stimulate the synthesis of endocrine hormones.

In the spa treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, iodine-bromine baths can also be performed. Various mud applications will also benefit, but it is worth considering that this method of exposure loads the cardiovascular system and lungs.

Silt, ozocerite and peat mud also have excellent anti-inflammatory properties. In parallel, the patient can undergo physiotherapy, attend massage sessions and physiotherapy exercises. However, the appropriateness of certain methods of exposure is determined solely by the attending physician.

How to treat rheumatoid arthritis? Preparations

Therapy for rheumatoid arthritis begins with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. To begin with, the doctor recommends using drugs with minimal toxicity, such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, as well as ketoprofen and movalis. Slightly more serious and at the same time "heavy" medicines are considered to be indomethacin, peroxicam, and also ketorolac. They are much more difficult to remove from the body, therefore, if there is a certain predisposition or problems with the stomach, kidneys and cardiovascular system, they can harm these organs.

In the event that the therapeutic effect does not occur three to seven days after the start of the drug, it is replaced by another.

In addition, the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can be carried out using selective anti-inflammatory compounds. These drugs have few side effects and can be used for a long time. These types of drugs are meloxicam and celecoxib.

In certain cases, therapy is carried out with the use of so-called corticosteroid preparations. These are prednisolone, dexamethasone, as well as triamcinolone, betamethasone and methylprednisolone. It is worth considering that such drugs, although they are able to quickly eliminate pain and optimize the general condition of the patient, but at the same time they cause all sorts of changes in the body's activity, among which are irreversible.

In addition to the medicinal formulations already listed, rheumatoid arthritis is also treated using the basic line of drugs. These are slow-acting drugs that can cause remission and slow down the destructive processes in the joints, but they do not have an anti-inflammatory effect. These drugs include cytostatics, penicillin, as well as antimalarial compounds and sulfonamides.

Most often, the basic correction of rheumatoid arthritis is carried out with the help of cytostatics. They have a noticeable positive effect in eighty percent of patients, and side effects may occur in only a fifth of all patients, mostly in a mild form. The most commonly used cytostatics are Methotrexate, Arava and Rimicade.

It should be borne in mind that rheumatoid arthritis therapy can be carried out exclusively under the supervision of a doctor.

Among all methods of spa treatment of arthritis, balneotherapy is the most common.
Patients with arthritis are shown baths with natural or artificial mineral waters. During the spa treatment of arthritis, iodine-bromine, sodium chloride, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths are used.

Mineral water for hydrogen sulfide baths must contain more than 10.0 mg/l of hydrogen sulfide. These baths help improve blood circulation and metabolism in the tissues of the affected joints. Such procedures are indicated for rheumatoid arthritis with minimal or no signs of inflammatory activity. Hydrogen sulfide mineral water springs are located at the following resorts: Sernovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Sergievsky Mineralnye Vody, Kemeri, Sochi.

Radon baths can be used in the spa treatment of patients suffering from gout (without exacerbation) and rheumatoid arthritis with minimal activity of the inflammatory process. Radon baths are divided into weak (from 25 to 1500 Bq/l), medium (from 1500 to 7500 Bq/l) and strong (over 7500 Bq/l). The therapeutic mechanism of action of radon baths is to improve blood circulation in the tissues of the joint, stimulate metabolic processes, reduce the activity of the inflammatory process and remove excess uric acid from the patient's body. Radon sources are available in the resorts of Tskhaltubo, Belokurikha, Pyatigorsk, Khmelnik. But in many other sanatoriums, arthritis is treated in artificially prepared radon baths.

Salt (sodium chloride) baths are indicated for patients with gouty arthritis in the acute stage and rheumatoid arthritis (mild forms and minimal degree of activity). Natural chloride-sodium sources are available in the resorts of Slavyansk, Staraya Russa, Ust-Kachka. Depending on the degree of water mineralization, salt baths are divided into weak (from 10 to 20 g/l), medium (from 20 to 40 g/l) and strong (over 40 g/l). A concentrated solution of sodium chloride has an irritating effect on the skin and the nerve receptors present in it, which leads to an improvement in blood circulation processes, and the activation of many endocrine glands. In addition, sodium chloride baths have an anti-inflammatory effect in arthritis, reduce the severity of joint pain, and increase their mobility.

For iodine-bromine baths, mineral water is used, in which the concentration of bromine exceeds 25.0 mg/l and iodine 10.0 mg/l. Sources of iodine-bromine mineral waters are available at the resorts of Ust-Kachka, Maikop, Goryachiy Klyuch. The use of iodine-bromine baths in spa treatment is indicated for patients in the acute stage of gouty arthritis, as well as those suffering from mild forms of rheumatoid arthritis. Iodine-bromine baths are especially good for patients with a combination of arthritis with metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, depressive states, and insomnia.

In addition to baths with mineral waters, patients with arthritis are shown to perform pelotherapy (mud therapy). Therapeutic mud is available at the resorts of Saki, Berdyansk, Odessa, Uchum, Tambukan, Karachi. Therapeutic mud has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, improves blood circulation, and normalizes the activity of the immune system.

Pelotherapy is indicated for patients with non-acute arthritis. Contraindications to mud therapy are: severe circulatory failure, hypertension stage II - III, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, myxedema, epilepsy, pregnancy, polyarthritis, accompanied by severe deformation of the articular apparatus.

In the spa treatment of arthritis, ozokerite has also been widely used, which has an irritating effect on skin receptors due to the high content of asphalt-resinous substances and mineral oils. The application of ozokerite for arthritis on the affected joints gives a resolving, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

In addition to the healing natural factors available at the resorts, arthritis therapy must be supplemented with physiotherapy methods. The use of darsonvalization, electrophoresis of analgin, novocaine, salicylates in arthritis can reduce the severity of pain in the affected joints, stimulates metabolic processes in them. In the treatment of chronic arthritis without exacerbation or having a subacute course, inductothermy can give a good effect, which has an analgesic effect and stimulates the adrenal glands. This leads to an increase in their production of corticosteroid hormones, which have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. With rheumatoid arthritis of minimal and moderate activity, reactive arthritis, UHF is indicated. In the physiotherapy of arthritis, laser therapy, magnetotherapy, electrical stimulation and other methods are applicable.

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Russia is a country in two parts of the world, a state whose territory covers the sandy Baltic Spit and the rocky islands of Chukotka, stretches from the northern Arctic latitudes to the subtropics. Russia has unimaginable riches - cultural and historical heritage, protected forests and untouched expanses. Graceful streets of St. Petersburg and architectural monuments of Kaliningrad compete with the architecture of ancient cities - multi-domed churches and merchant houses, and the beaches of the Black Sea coast compete with the northern forests of Karelia and the ridges of the Ural Mountains.

Geography

Russia is the largest country in terms of area on our planet, occupying 17.1 million square kilometers. The state is located in Eurasia and covers both parts of the continent. About a third of the territory of Russia is located in Eastern Europe, and the rest of it belongs to the north of Asia. The Russian shores are washed by the waters of 12 seas belonging to the basins of the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the waters of the inland Caspian Sea.

Russia lies on large platforms, so its relief is predominantly flat. In the west of the country, the undulating Central Russian Plain stretched, separated by a ridge of the Ural Mountains from the Siberian Plateau. In the south of Russia are the mountain systems of the Caucasus with the highest point of the country - Mount Elbrus, Sayan Mountains and Altai. In the Far East, the peaks of extinct and active volcanoes rush up.

There are about 2.5 million rivers and 3 million lakes in Russia. Most of the rivers have a flat character, but in Russia there are also turbulent mountain rivers with rocky rapids channels. The largest rivers of the country are the Ob, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei and Volga. The lake region of Russia is Karelia, here are the largest lakes in Europe - Ladoga and Onega, in Eastern Siberia there is the deepest lake on the planet - Baikal.

The flora of Russia is the velvet of mosses and lichens in the taiga tundra, coniferous forests surrounding the glacial lakes of Karelia, oak forests and birch groves, feather grass and fescue steppes, broad-leaved Far Eastern forests, subtropical flora on the Black Sea coast. Nature protection zones have been created in Russia, there are 42 national parks, 71 reserves.

Climate

The territory of Russia covers several climatic zones: arctic and subarctic on the shores of the Arctic Ocean and in the northern regions, temperate, subtropical on the Black Sea coast. However, most of the country is characterized by a climate of temperate latitudes: continental, temperate continental, sharply continental and monsoonal in the Far East.

In general, Russia has a long, snowy and cold winter. Depending on the region, average January temperatures range from 6 to -50 °C. Summer in most of Russia is moderately warm with an average temperature of 1 °C in the northern regions to 25 °C on the Black Sea coast.

Time

The territory of Russia covers 11 time zones:

Kaliningrad time - MSK−1 (UTC+2)
Moscow time - MSK (UTC+3)
Samara time - MSK+1 (UTC+4)
Ekaterinburg time - MSK+2 (UTC+5)
Omsk time - MSK+3 (UTC+6)
Krasnoyarsk time - MSK+4 (UTC+7)
Irkutsk time - MSK+5 (UTC+8)
Yakut time - MSK+6 (UTC+9)
Vladivostok time - MSK+7 (UTC+10)
Middle Kolyma time - MSK+8 (UTC+11)
Kamchatka time - MSK+9 (UTC+12)

Language

Official language of Russia: Russian. The subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to establish state and official languages ​​used on a par with Russian. The most common foreign languages ​​in Russia are Ukrainian, Belarusian and German. English is widely used in business and tourism, as a means of international communication, mainly in large cities.

Population

The population of Russia is 142 million people. About 80% of the population are Russians. In total, representatives of more than 200 nationalities and nationalities live in the country.

Currency

Official currency: ruble (RUB).

Customs regulations

Undeclared import and export of currency is limited to an amount equivalent to 10,000 USD. Duty-free import of goods for personal consumption is limited - alcohol and cigarettes: liters of alcohol, up to 50 cigars or cigarillos, or 200 cigarettes, or 250 grams of tobacco, as well as goods and things for personal use: clothing, toiletries, jewelry, photographic and film equipment .

Jewelry, artistic and cultural values, works of art, psychotropic and potent medicinal substances, ammunition and weapons are subject to mandatory declaration.

Connection

In Russia, cellular communication services are provided by more than a hundred operators, the largest of which is the so-called "big three" - mobile operators MTS, Megafon and Beeline. The rest of the companies have a much smaller number of customers and provide services in certain regions. SIM cards of the "Big Three" operators can be purchased everywhere - in stores, mobile phone stores, post offices.

The telephone code of Russia is +7.

To call Russia by mobile phone, dial +7-subscriber's number***

Mains voltage

Mains voltage 220 volts.

Tourism

In Russia there are opportunities for any kind of tourism. The rich historical heritage served as the basis for the creation of sightseeing routes and educational tours, the long Black Sea coast is a traditional region for beach and outdoor activities, ski resorts in Russia are rapidly developing. One of the main types of tourism in the country is health tourism. Over the centuries, a system of resort treatment has been developing in Russia - sanatoriums and spa hotels operate at the sources of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with a favorable climate.

Traditions/Features. In Russia, many customs and traditions dating back to the depths of centuries have been preserved. Every spring in large cities and very small towns they see off the winter on a grand scale - they bake pancakes and burn a straw effigy of Shrovetide, in the summer they celebrate Ivan Kupala Day in the villages, but the main winter holiday is the New Year.

One of the main features of the Russian people was and remains hospitality, which is most evident in the feast. The traditional Russian meal includes first, second and third courses - soups and stews, baked poultry or meat, all kinds of pastries - pies and pies. Dishes of national cuisine in all their richness are presented in restaurants. Daily cabbage soup, roasts, sbitni and tinctures are served in the best establishments.

Safety

The safety of tourists in Russia is ensured by the forces of law and order. Since June 2014, tourist police units have begun to work in a number of regions, patrolling busy pedestrian streets, squares and parks.

In general, Russia is a safe country for tourists. However, to prevent unpleasant incidents, you should adhere to standard safety rules - do not leave personal belongings unattended, do not carry a wallet in the back pocket of your trousers or an easily accessible place, beware of deserted and unlit places at night, do not use the services of unofficial taxi drivers, do not exchange currency with individuals.

The documents

The list of documents required during the vacation includes:

• Russian passport
• travel package or voucher
• health insurance policy
• if you plan to rent a car, you must have a driver's license

If a tourist will have a rest in a sanatorium-resort institution with medical procedures, then a sanatorium-resort book is needed, which can be obtained from a general practitioner.

Children accompanied by adults must have a birth certificate or passport, medical policy.

Important Phones

Emergency phone numbers in Russia:

• Fire Service - 01
• Police - 02
• Ambulance - 03
• Unified 24/7 helpline when calling from a mobile phone - 112

Tourism

The choice of tourist destinations in Russia is wider than anywhere else. Features of the geographical position and historical development allowed the formation of resort regions in the country, which are characterized by one or another type of recreation.

beach holiday. In Russia, there are many resorts offering a comfortable stay on the sea coast. The traditional region of beach tourism in our country is the Krasnodar Territory. It is here that the summer capital of Russia - Sochi, the famous resorts of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Adler, the resort of Yeysk, located on the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, is located.

Beach holidays are offered by Crimean resorts. Sanatoriums, resort hotels, private and city beaches stretch along the entire coast of the peninsula. The main destinations are Alushta, Evpatoria, Kerch, Koktebel, Saki, Sevastopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta, Kurortnoe, Nikolaevka, Peschanoe and Shchelkino settlements.

Sanatorium treatment carried out in almost all regions of Russia. There are sanatoriums, resort and medical centers at the sources of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with favorable climatic conditions. The most famous balneological resorts of the country are Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Rich traditions in the use of natural factors have been formed in the Crimea, especially in Saki and Yevpatoria, where the first mud treatment resorts were launched. Sanatorium treatment is carried out on the coast of the Krasnodar Territory, in the Moscow, Ryazan, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Tver and Tula regions, in the Urals. In the northern and northwestern regions of the country there are medical resorts Marcial Waters, Sestroretsk, Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk, the largest resort in Siberia is Belokurikha.

Excursion tours in Moscow, the Golden Ring of Russia, Pskov, Uglich, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda and Nizhny Novgorod allow travelers to get acquainted with the historical heritage of ancient Russian cities - ancient temples with gilded domes, ancient fortresses and castles, city mansions and merchant houses. Dozens of excursion routes run through the territory of Kazan, St. Petersburg and its environs - Peterhof, Lomonosov and Kronstadt. Cognitive tourism in the Crimea involves visiting royal palaces, nature reserves and cave cities.

Ski tourism in Russia is experiencing a rapid rise. There are large mountain systems and modern ski resorts on the territory of the country. In the Krasnodar Territory, on the slopes of the Main Caucasian Range, the Krasnaya Polyana resort is located. The level of service and the modern infrastructure of Krasnaya Polyana during the days of the Winter Olympic Games were appreciated by tourists and athletes from all over the world. The resort has the most modern equipment, slopes of various levels with a total length of 72 km, ski villages with comfortable hotels.

Among the high-mountain resorts of Russia, ski holidays are offered by the Dombay and Elbrus complexes, Abzakovo-Bannoye in the Urals. Each of the resorts has the necessary infrastructure, comfortable accommodation conditions.

Weekend tours. The most popular weekend destinations are the cities of the Moscow region, the suburbs of large cities in different regions of the country. Short stay programs are offered by tourist bases, sanatoriums, spa hotels and hotels.

Children's rest. Traditionally, summer recreation camps for children are located on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse and Sochi, in the Crimea - in the resorts of Evpatoria and Yalta, in the village of Peschanoe. Children's sanatoriums and camps are available in different regions of the country - Moscow, Kaluga, Leningrad and Rostov regions.

Leisure. There are many places in Russia where you can indulge in sports and active pastime, extreme tourism. Baikal attracts not only with its natural beauties, but also with the possibility of hiking, scuba diving, hunting and fishing, quad biking, cycling and horse riding.

In the warm season, trekking, horseback riding, and rafting are organized for tourists at the resorts of Gorny Altai, Dombay and Krasnaya Polyana. In Crimea, there are opportunities for mountaineering and hang gliding, climbing mountains, trekking, horseback riding, diving, sea fishing. Active recreational activities in the north are sleigh rides, dog or reindeer sledding. Conditions for active pursuits - hunting, fishing, hiking, cycling and horse riding are available in Central Russia.

Visa

To visit the Russian Federation, citizens of most countries require a national visa. Visa-free entry for a period not exceeding 90 days is allowed for citizens of the CIS countries (except Turkmenistan), Abkhazia and South Ossetia, a number of countries in South America, a number of Balkan countries.

The basis for obtaining a Russian visa for foreign tourists is an invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation or from a travel company that is included in the Federal Register of Tour Operators, which gives it the right to provide visa support to foreigners.

The most famous sights

• The Moscow Kremlin is the oldest territory of the capital, with an area of ​​27.5 hectares. In 1367 The Kremlin was surrounded by a brick wall. On the territory there are - Arkhangelsk, Blagoveshchensky, Assumption Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Senate, the Terem Palace, the Tsar Bell, the Tsar Cannon.
• The Tretyakov Gallery was founded in 1856. This is the largest museum in the world, which contains unique paintings by masters of the 10th-20th centuries.

• The Hermitage is the largest museum in the world, founded by Catherine the Great in the 18th century. The museum exhibits canvases by world-famous artists. In total, more than 3 million valuables are exhibited on the territory of the museum.
• St. Isaac's Cathedral was built in the 19th century by O. Montferrand - an outstanding monument of St. Petersburg. Its external architecture and interior decoration are impressive, in which all kinds of art are represented - mosaic, painting, sculpture. The main iconostasis is decorated with lapis lazuli and malachite columns.
• Tsarskoye Selo is a reserve in Pushkino, includes a large park and architectural ensemble of the 18-19 centuries, a country residence of emperors. The museum is located on 107 hectares, consists of the Catherine's Park, the Old Garden, the English Park, the Catherine's Palace, the Memorial Museum, the Hermitage Pavilion, etc.
• Peter and Paul Fortress - located on Zayachy Island, the oldest monument in St. Petersburg. Within the museum there is the Commandant's house, the museum of the city, the Grand Duke's burial vault, the Botanical House, the Engineering House, prison buildings, bastions, the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
• The Russian Museum was opened in 1895 by Nicholas II. Within the walls of the building there is a rich exposition of artistic values, a restoration center.
• The Yusupov Palace is the most beautiful architectural monument of the 18-19th century. The guests of the palace were the Queen of England Elizabeth II, the King of Greece, the Queen of Norway and other dignitaries. The building was built by I. Monighetti, J. B. Valen-Delamonte, the Shuvalovs, Branitskys, Yusupovs lived in it.
• The palace and park ensemble of Peterhof is a beautiful monument located not far from St. Petersburg, founded in the 18th century. On the territory there are the Lower, Upper parks, the Grand Palace, the largest system of fountains, water cascades, elegant sculptural compositions, bas-reliefs.

• Pshad waterfall is a unique natural structure. Located on the river Pshada and consists of a whole cascade of small waterfalls.
• The ruins of the old city of Gorgypia show the ancient ruins of the 4th century BC. Ancient foundations and cobbled streets have been preserved here. On the territory there is a large archaeological museum, where you can see the crypt of Hercules, the monuments of Mother Mary, the "Russian Gate" - the remains of a Turkish fortress.
• The local history museum of the city is located in the Shchetnev gymnasium. Visitors are offered an interesting exposition about the fauna, flora of Anapa, the history of the Bosporan kingdom.

• The Arboretum is the largest botanical park, a kind of open-air museum. The park presents unique samples of the flora of the Western Caucasus, as well as many southern states located closer to the equator.
• The Vorontsov caves are the largest underground agglomeration with a height difference of 240m. Some cavities are filled with water, and narrow passages sometimes make it difficult to move. In some compartments of the caves there are ancient sites of primitive people.
• The Sochi Art Museum is a major art center. The building exhibits paintings by Polenov, Aivazovsky, Shishkin, exhibitions of contemporary masters are regularly held.

• The Swallow's Nest is a well-known monument of history and architecture, located on the Aurora Rock, which rises 40 meters above the sea. The building is made in the style of a medieval knight's palace. The current appearance of the palace was acquired thanks to Baron Steingel.
• The Vorontsov Palace is located in Alupka, built from diabase, there is a beautiful park on the adjacent territory. The style of the palace combines English, neo-Mauritanian styles.
• Livadia Palace is the imperial residence. The castle was built in the Italian light style in the 19th century. Considered the most luxurious palace in Crimea, it is the venue for the Yalta Conference.
• Mount Ai-Petri is located on a plateau, has a flat top. The height is 1234 m. The mountain is considered a symbol of the southern coast of Crimea.
• Nikitsky Botanical Garden is a research institution working in the field of botany and fruit growing. There are several parks here - Montedor, Primorsky, Upper, which contain the richest collection of plants brought from all over the world. This is the oldest botanical park in the world, which has interesting architectural structures.
• Masandra Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that served as the residence of Alexander the Third. The building was rebuilt in the 19th century in the style of French medieval deputies. On the adjacent territory there is a magnificent park, which presents more than 250 species of shrubs and trees.
• Domik A.P. Chekhov - a memorial museum opened in honor of the writer in Yalta. The whole atmosphere of those times has been preserved in the house, Chekhov readings are often held in it with the participation of foreign guests, and excursions are held.

Gurzuf

• Richelieu House - erected in 1811 by the Duke of Reselieu in the form of a two-story stone building in European style. The duke rarely came here on vacation, and more often provided the estate to acquaintances. Pushkin, Raevsky and other notorious personalities were here.
• Korovin's dacha is the home of an outstanding painter who worked for a long time in Gurzuf. A beautiful building with clear geometric proportions in the style of constructivism.
• The watchtower is located on Cape Suuk-Su, it existed in the 6th century, when Byzantine legionnaires came to the land. The monument is often called the Geria Tower or the Eagle's Nest.

• Admiralty Cathedral in honor of St. Vladimir is located on the Central Hill, is considered the greatest Orthodox monument of the 19th century. The building has one massive dome, emphasizing the Byzantine architecture of the 9th-11th centuries. Instead of icons, marble slabs are placed in the inner halls.
• Malakhov Kurgan is a grandiose monument, where the Defensive Tower of the 19th century is located, the Museum of Heroic Defense and the Liberation of the City, memorial iron plates, cannons, a beautiful park.
• Chersonese is the oldest monument of Sevastopol, the ruins of an ancient Greek town of the ancient era, in which Vladimir of Kyiv converted to Christianity.
• The Military History Museum in honor of the Black Sea Fleet is considered the oldest of the similar museums in the world. Opened in 1869, located in a beautiful building, it is a valuable exposition dedicated to the customs and life of the Russian fleet from the tsarist era to the present day.
• The Genoese fortress with the interesting name Cembalo is located at a height above Balaklava Bay. Founded in 1357, it has defensive walls.

• Mangup is a cave city of the medieval Crimea. Numerous caves have been preserved here, carved into the rock throughout the entire perimeter of the plateau.
• The Temple of the Three Horsemen is carved in a huge boulder. In the inner hall there is a fresco painting preserved from antiquity.
• The Bakhchisaray Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that was previously the residence of the Crimean khans. The building is considered the only surviving monument of Crimean Tatar architecture. The Palace houses a museum of culture and history, an exhibition of weapons.

• Arboretum is a unique nature reserve located on rocky-clay soil. Here is the richest collection of plants, shrubs, many of which are rare on the planet.
• Saki Resort Park was founded in 1890 by Melnichenko P.S. On the territory there are beautiful fountains, three lakes, diverse vegetation.
• The settlement Belyaus was discovered in the 20th century, it existed in the 4th-2nd century BC. BC. The monument is located on the Tarkhankun Peninsula.
• The excavations of Kerkinida were opened in 1964, they prove the existence of a modern city of Greek colonists on the site. 30 burials were found on the territory.
• Kizary - the oldest underground passages located under the old city. The tunnels carved into the yellow shell rock are considered an important value of Evpatoria.

• The Genoese fortress is the oldest monument of the city with beautiful strict medieval architecture. Today here you can see the Watch Tower, the mosque, the residence of the Genoese consul, the gates of the fortress.
• Church of the Intercession Ave. The Mother of God is the first architectural monument of the Russian era, which began after the annexation of Crimea. The building was built in the style of Russian classicism;

New World

• The Golitsyn trail starts at the green bay on the northern side of Khoba-Kai and leads to a natural grotto formed by sea waves in massive rocks.
• Chaliapin's Grotto is a small concert hall with excellent acoustics. The grotto reaches a height of 30 meters, in its depth there is a stage for musicians, and behind it is a small compartment for Golitsyn wines with preserved stone arches.

Suzdal

• The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city. On the territory there are the Nativity Cathedral, the Bell Tower, Nikolskaya, Assumption Churches, Bishops' Chambers. In the 11th century, the Kremlin was surrounded by an earthen rampart trimmed with clay.
• The Museum of Architecture is located on the site of the Dmitrievsky Monastery of the 11th century. The museum collection includes outbuildings, household items of Russian peasants.

• The horse yard is located in an 18th century building in the city center. The exposition consists of handicrafts - embroideries, carvings, wood painting, clothing.
• The Chernigov Skete is a cave monastery that arose in 1844. Today it is a functioning complex, where you can go on excursions in the caves.
• Sergiev Posad Lavra is the largest monastery founded by S. Radonezhsky in 1337. A place revered by the Orthodox, a spiritual center with a rich library of old books.

• Detinets or the Kremlin was founded by Yaroslavl. The first mentions in 1044 in chronicles. The highest tower of Detinets Kokuy, built in the 18th century.
• Hagia Sophia is a grandiose building of the century. The cathedral was built by Yaroslav the Wise as a temple for the whole city. The great bishops, princes, posadniks of the city found peace in its galleries.

• The Assumption Cathedral is the most important church in the city, included in all excursions around Vladimir. The cathedral was founded in the 12th century by Andrey Bogolyubsky to later become the main temple of the state.
• The Golden Gate was built in the 12th century. The building has a rich decoration, and was previously used for ceremonial entrances to the city.
• Vladimir Central is a well-known prison built by order of Catherine II. At one time, Frunze, Powers, Zoya Fedorova were kept in it. Since 1996 it has been a museum open to the public.

• Museum of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery Complex. The architectural ensemble was built in the 12th century and is considered the largest of its kind. In the 16th century, the state treasury was located here, in 1612 the Headquarters of Pozharsky and Minin were located in the monastery.
• The Church of Prok Elijah was founded in the 17th century on the site of wooden churches at the expense of the merchants Skripins. The building is decorated with five green onion domes, covered galleries, a bell tower, Rizpolozhensky limit.

Uglich

• The Kremlin was founded in the 15th century by Andrei Bolshoi. The construction was surrounded by a high wall with two driveways and nine blind defensive towers. Today here you can see the chambers that belonged to Tsarevich Dmitry.
• The Church of Demetrius on the Blood was built in 1692 on the site where the prince died. The building is painted with red paint, the domes are blue with white ornaments, and there are rich murals of the 18th century in the interior.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

• Goritsky Monastery is a large architectural and historical museum. The exposition consists of furniture, church utensils, a collection of ancient icons, paintings by Shishkin, Benois, a valuable library of old books and a collection of wooden sculptures.
• Museum "Boat of Peter the Great" - the oldest building. The museum is notable for the fact that here on Lake Pleshcheyevo Peter the Great built a funny flotilla. Today you can see the monument to the king, the Boat House, the gatehouse, the Triumphal Gate, the White Palace.

Rostov

• The Borisoglebsky monastery complex was built on a hill surrounded by the riverbed of the Ustye in 1363 under the reign of Dmitry Donskoy with the blessing of S. Radonezhsky. It was he who indicated the place where the temple should stand.
• The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city with the Assumption Cathedral, five temples, powerful walls. Previously, the Kremlin was the episcopal residence.

Kostroma

• The Ipatiev Monastery is the greatest monument of Orthodox culture, built in the 13th century. At the construction site, Mikhail Romanov was elected to reign, so he is often called the cradle of the Romanov family.
• The fire tower is the most beautiful monument of Russian classicism, located on Susaninskaya Square. The building has the appearance of a temple of ancient times, complemented by a portico of columns and a pediment.

• The Vvedensky monastery complex was founded in the 19th century at the expense of Derbenev according to the original project of Begen P. Patriarch Tikhon served in the temple. In its halls are the relics of Blessed Alexy Elnatsky, St. Vasily Kineshma and 168 other saints.
• Bubnov Museum. The house was erected in 1860 for a merchant family and is located on the site of a city estate. The building has survived to this day and is open for tours.

• Lermontov's places are Pyatigorsk Boulevard, Lermontov's baths, Lermontov's House, Elizavetinskiy spring in Pyatigorsk, Mount-Koltso and other places connected with the poet's life in the Caucasus.
• The Castle of Treachery and Love is located in Kislovodsk - a natural monument of rocks, in the outlines of which mournful faces are guessed. The castle is located at the gorge of the river. Alikonovka.

• The Wrangel Tower is a grandiose historical building, the thickness of the walls and ceilings of which is three meters. In the 20th century, the building was no longer used as a fortification, today there are warehouses and wholesale stores.
• The Brandenburg Gate is a beautiful historical monument and the only gate of the city, which is still used for its intended purpose. The building was erected in 1657.
• The Cathedral is a beautiful architectural monument, a symbol of the city. It was built in the Baltic Gothic style and is one of the rare examples of the Gothic style in Russia.

• The Buryat village is located in Olkhon. This is a colorful open-air museum, visiting which you can get acquainted with the life and culture of the Buryats.
• Pillars of Huuhein-Khad is a particularly sacred place located in the Shumak valley. According to legend, you can see your future here.
• Ivolginsky datsan is an important monument of Buddhists. The incorrupt body of Khambo Lama Itigelov, who passed into nirvana in 1927, rests in a beautiful, colorful temple.

• The Valley of Geysers is the largest natural monument discovered in the 20th century. There are 22 geysers and numerous pulsating springs, mud pots, colored lakes with bubbling water.
• The Klyuchevskiy group of volcanoes united 12 volcanoes located on an area of ​​7,000 m². Here is the largest and highest volcano of the mainland, Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

Transport component

The transport system of Russia includes air, rail, sea and road communications.

Air transport. There are 236 airports in Russia, more than 70 of them have international status. The largest airports in the country are Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo in Moscow, Pulkovo Airport in St. Petersburg, Koltsovo in Yekaterinburg and Adler in Sochi. Moscow airports are connected with the capital by high-speed aeroexpress trains. Russian air carriers carry out domestic and international flights.

Russian railways serve over 124,000 km of tracks. In large cities there are passenger stations, in small settlements - railway stations. Long-distance trains run between cities, and suburban electric trains also operate. A railway line of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs through the whole country, connecting Moscow and Vladivostok. You can get acquainted with the schedule of long-distance trains and suburban electric trains, you can buy a ticket on the Russian Railways website http://pass.rzd.ru

The total length of Russian highways is 1,000,000 km.

Sea transport Intercity and international passenger transportation is carried out. Marine stations operate in Sochi, St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Nakhodka.

Navigation is carried out along rivers and canals. The length of the river routes is 200,000 km.

Underground available in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk. In each of the above cities, the metro has its own characteristics - for example, the capital has the most developed metro network, and the Novosibirsk metro has only 12 stations.

Ground transport in Russian cities- These are buses, trolleybuses, tram lines and fixed-route taxis. The most convenient and affordable way to move around the cities is by buses and minibuses. In each relatively large city there are bus stations or bus stations connected by direct flights with regional centers.

Taxi and car rental. Official and unofficial taxi drivers work in Russian cities, it is not recommended to use the services of the latter due to the high risk of being deceived or paying at an inflated rate. The dispatch desks of official taxi companies are usually located in the arrivals halls of airports, near railway stations and bus stations.

If you have a driver's license and at least a year of driving experience, you can rent a car. This service is offered by both large international companies Sixt, AVIS and Europcar, as well as small private companies. In most companies, the rental service with a return in another city is limited to a small number of settlements, or is not provided at all.