Antiviral eye drops for children. Antiviral eye medications for children are inexpensive but effective. Antiviral drops for children

Oftalmoferon are antiviral and antiallergic eye drops with a very wide spectrum of action.

They were prescribed to me by an ophthalmologist, along with Systane Ultra moisturizing eye drops.

Ophthalmoferon has a very wide spectrum of action and the list of problems with which it must cope is quite impressive, it seems that this remedy helps with almost any eye problem, ranging from dry eyes to various infections:

INDICATIONS FOR USE:

Treatment of adenovirus (including with allergic conjunctivitis, during spring fever), epidemic, hemorrhagic (enteroviral), herpetic conjunctivitis;

Adenovirus, herpetic (vesicular, punctate, tree-like, map-like) keratitis;

Herpetic stromal keratitis with and without corneal ulceration;

Adenovirus and herpetic keratoconjunctivitis, herpetic uveitis;

Herpetic keratouveitis (with and without ulceration);

Prevention of eye infection in the pre- and postoperative period;

Anti-inflammatory and symptomatic therapy of secondary dry eye, in the complex therapy of chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Full name of the drug: Antiviral eye drops Ophthalmoferon.

Packing: small cardboard box in white and green shades.

Inside there is a bottle with drops and instructions for use.

The shelf life of Oftalmoferon is exactly two years, the date of manufacture and the expiration date are marked both on the box and on the vial itself.

I also note that this drug should be stored at a temperature of 2 ° to 8 ° C, that is, exclusively in the refrigerator, so you can’t throw them in your purse and take it with you, which, whatever one may say, is an inconvenience, especially if you need to bury the remedy on several times a day.

The drops themselves are enclosed in a white plastic bottle with a volume of 10 ml. with white screw cap.

The bottle is completely opaque, so you can’t see how many drops have already been used up, and how much is left, and this is of course a minus.

After opening, the drops must be used within thirty days.

The liquid itself is colorless, slightly viscous.

When instilling unpleasant sensations, in the form of burning or redness, there was no, the only thing, since the drops are still stored not at room temperature, but in the refrigerator, there was a feeling of coolness.

As for the frequency of instillation, this is determined by the doctor, based on your specific problem and its severity. For some, two or three instillations a day are enough, while others need to be instilled six or even eight times a day.

The same is true with the duration of the course of treatment, everything is purely individual.

But the husband once tried to drip these drops for himself after his eyes itched after the street, so after instillation, his eyes instantly pinched and tears flowed in a stream, so in terms of sensations and reaction of the eyes, everything is also individual, until he himself try, you won't know.

Of course, it is better to go to the doctor so that he prescribes the remedy you need, although doctors also make mistakes, as in my case, when they prescribed Vidisic moisturizing eye gel, which caused terrible eye irritation. Therefore, whatever one may say, everything is only by trial and error!

At the second appointment after a three-week course of Oftalmoferon, the doctor noted significant improvements and said that now only moisturizing drops and ointments can be used, and repeated use of Oftalmoferon or other serious antiviral drugs is no longer required at the moment.

Yes, these antiviral eye drops have certain nuances associated with a short shelf life after opening, as well as the fact that they must always be kept in the refrigerator, but nevertheless, in my case, the drug turned out to be effective and helped me with my problem, and That's why I rate them a 4 plus.

Viral infections are one of the most common causes of inflammatory eye diseases, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, and uveitis.

Most often they are caused by adenovirus, infections with herpes, picarnovirus, enterovirus and other pathogenic microorganisms are less common.

Treatment of such diseases is carried out with special antiviral drugs, which are most often produced in the form of drops. What drops are used in the treatment of viral eye diseases, and how to use them correctly?

Antiviral eye drops

Operating principle

All human infectious diseases, that is, those caused by the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, can be conditionally divided into viral and bacterial.

There is a significant difference between viruses and bacteria, so the methods of treating diseases also differ from each other.

For bacterial infections, drugs are used that destroy foreign agents, and the treatment of viral diseases is to create favorable conditions for the body to fight foreign agents on its own.

Infectious diseases are either viral or bacterial

The mechanism of action of antiviral drops on pathogens is based on a special protein called interferon, which fights pathogenic viruses. It stops the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and blocks their further activity.

Some drugs contribute to the production of their own interferon in tissues, while others contain this protein in its finished form. A separate group includes virucidal drugs, which are most often used to treat diseases caused by the herpes virus.

The mechanism of action of antiviral drugs

Table. Groups of medicines.

Classification of immunomodulators

Attention: most antibacterial drugs are ineffective against viruses, so therapy should be selected only after determining the causative agent of the disease.

Indications and contraindications

Indications for the use of antiviral eye drops include diseases caused by any viruses:

• conjunctivitis;
• keratoconjunctivitis;
• keratitis;
• iridocyclitis;
• uveitis;
• optic neuritis.

What does conjunctivitis look like?

Contraindications for use depend on the characteristics of a particular drug, but most often it is individual hypersensitivity to individual components of the drug, disorders of the hematopoietic system, severe dysfunction of the kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, mental and central nervous system disorders. Some drops are forbidden to be used during pregnancy and in childhood, but if the expected benefit outweighs the possible risk to human health, the drugs can be used under the supervision of a doctor.

General principles for the treatment of all types of conjunctivitis

Side effects

Antiviral drops for the treatment of eye diseases do not have a systemic effect on the body, but can cause adverse reactions from various organs and systems:

• drowsiness and apathy;
• burning and discomfort in the eyes, itching, redness of the conjunctiva and eyelids;
• deterioration in general well-being, decreased performance;
• headaches and dizziness;
• fever, chills, body aches;
• increased sweating.

Eye redness

Attention: with the development of serious side effects, you should immediately stop using the drops, rinse your eyes with warm water, and then consult a doctor to replace the remedy.

Popular drugs

The range of antiviral eye drops in pharmacies is quite wide, so choosing a drug is not difficult, but before treatment, you should consult a doctor and carefully read the instructions.

Levomycetin

Oftan go

Drops for the treatment of viral diseases in ophthalmology, which directly affects the structure of pathogenic microorganisms, due to which they quickly die.

The active substance of the drug has activity against various viruses, but it is preferable to use it when infected with herpes.

The main disadvantage is the development of side effects, including burning in the eyes, increased tearing and photosensitivity, clouding of the cornea, the development of blepharitis, and a decrease in visual function are rarely observed.

Oftan go

Ganciclovir (Virgan, Zirgan)

A drug that effectively fights the herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr and citalomegavirus, the main indication for use is herpetic keratitis. Drops are well tolerated by the body, rarely cause side effects, and are approved for use in childhood.

Idoxuridin

An antiviral agent that has activity against herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr, citalomegaviruses, orthoviruses, is used to treat and prevent herpetic keratitis and conjunctivitis. It is not used during pregnancy, advanced forms of keratitis, it can cause headache, sometimes allergic reactions on the eyelids and eye tissues, clouding of the cornea.

Idoxuridin

Important: drugs that act on the DNA of pathogenic microorganisms slow down metabolic and regenerative processes in eye tissues, so they are best used in combination with vitamin therapy and means to improve metabolism.

Oftalmoferon

One of the most effective drugs that has not only antiviral activity, but also analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which quickly eliminates the symptoms of inflammatory diseases.

It does not affect metabolic processes in tissues, does not slow down regenerative processes in tissues, and does not impair visual function.

In rare cases, side effects associated with increased production of interferons in the body are possible - fever, chills, pain in muscles and joints.

Oftalmoferon

Poludan

Drops are prescribed for diseases caused by the herpes virus and adenovirus, but can also be used in other cases.

It contains substances that contribute to the production of protective cells (T-killers and cytokines), increases local immunity and quickly improves the condition of patients.

After applying the drops, there may be an increase in blood pressure, nausea, headaches and joint pain, in rare cases, a violation of the hematopoietic function. It is usually prescribed for adult patients, and use in children requires strict medical supervision.

Aktipol

A new generation drug with antiviral, antioxidant and radioprotective effects, that is, in addition to destroying viruses, it protects the eyes from radiation and the effects of free radicals.

It is usually used to treat pathological processes caused by herpes and adenovirus, as well as with increased eye fatigue, dry eye syndrome, during the recovery period after injuries and tissue burns. It has a minimum number of side effects, and, if necessary, can be used during pregnancy and lactation.

The drug is incompatible with antibiotics based on sulfacyl sodium and is categorically contraindicated in people suffering from autoimmune disorders.

Adgelon

The drug does not have a direct antiviral effect, but is able to inhibit the activity of pathogenic microorganisms and activate regenerative processes, due to which the healing process is significantly accelerated.

Indications include keratitis of various etiologies (herpetic, adenovirus), burns and penetrating eye injuries.

The tool enhances local immunity, is highly effective and has almost no contraindications (it can be used even in people with a tendency to allergic reactions).

Okoferon

Powder for the preparation of a solution, which is sold complete with a special solvent substance.

It is considered one of the safest and most affordable means for the treatment of viral eye lesions, including keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, keratouveitis and other diseases. The only contraindication is individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

In rare cases, side effects may develop, including burning and discomfort in the eyes, short-term blurred vision, and allergic reactions.

Okoferon

Attention: when using any antiviral eye drops, it is important to follow the dosage recommended by the doctor - with a decrease in the dose, the therapeutic effect is significantly reduced, and with an increase, adverse reactions may develop.

Antiviral eye drops for children

Viral eye diseases in childhood are more common than in adults, and the symptoms are more pronounced, and are often accompanied by a deterioration in general well-being, fever, and headaches.

For the treatment of inflammatory processes in children, it is best to use drugs that promote the production of interferon in the body and do not cause side effects - Oftalmoferon, Poludan, Aktipol, but before use, be sure to consult a specialist.

Rules for the use of antiviral drops

How to instill eye drops

Before using antiviral eye drops, it is necessary to check the expiration date of the drug - it is strongly not recommended to use expired drops. Wash your hands well, wipe your eyes, if necessary, with an antiseptic solution or chamomile decoction, removing discharge and crusts.

Eye drops are stored, as a rule, in the refrigerator, and before use, the bottle should be slightly warmed between the palms.

The frequency of the procedure and the duration of treatment depends on the clinical features of the course of the disease, and is determined by an ophthalmologist. If the effect of the use of drops is absent for 2-3 days, you should consult a doctor and replace the drug.

Instillation rules

Antiviral agents for the eyes are highly effective, and can quickly eliminate the cause of the disease along with the symptoms, but the independent use of drugs is strictly prohibited. At the first manifestations of the infection, you should contact a specialist who will select the optimal drug, taking into account the age, state of health and characteristics of the patient's body.

Video - How to treat conjunctivitis?

Source: https://linzopedia.ru/kapli-dlya-glaz-protivovirusnye.html

Antiviral eye drops for children

Viral infections are insidious. The virus can enter the child's body not only through the nasopharynx, although this is the most common way, but sometimes through the mucous membrane of the eyes. In addition, eye diseases can accompany a number of viral infections that children get sick quite often.

In this case, antiviral eye drops for children may be needed. What are they, how to choose them and how to use them? Will try to sort out these issues.

• With infectious diseases of the organs of vision themselves. With diagnoses that are confirmed by an ophthalmologist. These can be adenoviral conjunctivitis, herpetic eye damage, inflammation caused by cytomegalovirus, etc.
• In viral diseases as a separate symptom. Often the mucous membrane of the child's eyes becomes inflamed with measles, chickenpox, rubella, against the background of infectious mononucleosis and other unpleasant ailments caused by viruses.

• Antiviral eye drops should not be used if the infection is exclusively bacterial, caused by microbes (staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and others) getting into the eyes. This must be confirmed by an ophthalmologist.
• Antiviral drops can harm a child if a young patient's blood test showed a significant decrease in white blood cells and platelets.
• If the child has kidney and liver diseases, serious psychiatric disorders, severe allergic reactions.
• If the child has epilepsy.

Antiviral eye drops in the eyes act locally, increasing the production of a protein - interferon in the mucous membrane of the organ of vision. This protein is essential for activating the immune system and the final victory over the virus.

Some types of drops contain ready-made interferons obtained from donor blood cells, animal biomaterials by genetic engineers, but such drugs in children can cause many side effects.

There is another type of drops - virucidal chemical compounds that destroy the virus on their own.

How to bury eye drops in children? Ophthalmologist advice.

Very often, a bacterial complication is added to the viral inflammation of the eye, the eye may begin to fester, for example. Then the doctor will reasonably offer to add drops or an antibiotic ointment to the antiviral drops and issue an appropriate prescription.

• "Ganciclovir". Drops that help well with diseases of the organs of vision caused by cytomegalovirus and herpes virus. The antiviral drug was developed by scientists from Canada. The drug acts inside the virus - it is embedded in its DNA and prevents further synthesis. Due to the long list of negative possible consequences from taking the drug, these drops are not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age. But doctors sometimes prescribe this medicine, in small individual doses.

• "Ophthalmoferon". Drops that are effective against many viruses because they belong to the category of extended spectrum antiviral drugs. In addition to fighting viruses, Ophthalmoferon moderately anesthetizes and promotes the regeneration (recovery) of the mucous membrane. The drug can be prescribed for the treatment of adenoviral and enteroviral conjunctivitis, kerotitis, herpes infections of the eye. The drug is quite suitable for use in children of all ages - from newborns to adolescents. In the acute phase of inflammation, 2 drops are dripped into each eye 6-8 times a day. As you recover, the number of instillations is reduced to 3 per day.

• "Poludan". Antiviral drops that stimulate the production of endogenous interferon. They are prescribed for eye damage that accompanies influenza, SARS, with herpetic lesions and viral conjunctivitis. In pharmacies, Poludan can be bought as a dry substance in a vial, from which it is quite easy to prepare a solution for instillation at home.

To do this, boiled chilled water is added to the container up to the mark on the bottle. Shake thoroughly. The prepared solution should be stored in the refrigerator. You need to drip "Poludan" strictly into the conjunctival sac (the space between the eyelid and the eyeball). With severe inflammation, the child needs to drip 2-3 drops 6-8 times a day, when the condition improves, the number of instillations is reduced to 2-3. Due to its low toxicity, the drug is recommended for children of all age groups.

• Aktipol. Local antiviral immunomodulator. Accelerates the formation of the body's own interferon, which fights viruses. In addition, Aktipol restores damaged cornea. Drops are prescribed for viral conjunctivitis, herpes infection of the organs of vision.

During a strong inflammatory process, the child needs to drip 1-2 drops 8 times a day. Then, when the healing process begins, the dose is reduced to 2 drops three times a day for a week. Pharmacies sell ready-to-use drops. You can give them to children of any age.

• "Oftan I'm going." These drops are quite often used for viral eye diseases, but they are not antiviral by themselves. This is a glucocorticosteroid for topical use. "Oftan" has an anti-inflammatory effect. Drip 1-2 drops three times a day strictly according to the doctor's prescription. Manufacturers do not position the drug as a child, because there is not enough clinical data on its effect on the child's body. But in pediatric practice, this drug takes its place and can be prescribed to a child, of course, not in infancy. Most often, the medicine is prescribed for children aged 6 years and older.

• "Gludanthan". These eye drops can be used for inflammation of the eyes with influenza type A. The drug is not antiviral, but is often prescribed for adenovirus conjunctivitis, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Sometimes there is a need to use eye ointment instead of drops. This is true for allergic children and in cases where the drops were ineffective. Children are prescribed antiviral eye ointments "Acyclovir", gel "Zirgan".

Conjunctivitis - Dr. Komarovsky's School - all parents need to know this!

1. You can not assign drops to a child on their own. Only a specialist can assess the degree of eye damage, possible consequences and risks. The child needs to urgently visit a pediatric ophthalmologist.
2. Before instillation, it is necessary to free the child's eyes from crusts, pus and other discharges. To do this, you can use boiled water, a solution of furacilin, a weak decoction of chamomile. Washing should be done with warm solutions, wetting cotton pads in them. For each eye - a separate cotton pad!
3. Drops should be warm, warm the bottle in your hands before use. This will bring less discomfort to the child.
4. If an allergic reaction occurs (stronger redness, the appearance or increase in swelling of the eyelids, itching, lacrimation), antiviral drops should be immediately canceled. And again go to the doctor for the appointment of another drug.

Source: http://www.o-krohe.ru/protivovirusnye/glaznye-kapli/

Antiviral eye drops

With a viral infection, antibacterial drugs do not have the desired effect. In such cases, antiviral drugs should be used to relieve inflammation.

In children and adults, the following diseases associated with viral lesions occur: keratitis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis, somewhat less often - iridocyclitis.

Types of antiviral eye drops

The mechanism of action of antiviral drugs is that they stimulate the production of interferons in the mucous membrane of the eye - their own proteins that help the body fight infection and prevent further reproduction of viruses. Antiviral drugs that stimulate the production of interferons include Aktipol and Poludan.

In addition, there are antiviral eye drops containing human interferon in finished form, for example, Okoferon and Ophthalmoferon.

There is also a separate group of antiviral eye drugs against the herpes virus. They contain a special substance that stops DNA synthesis in a viral cell. Such antiherpes drugs include "Acyclovir". For the treatment of ocular herpes infection, it is used as an ointment for the eyes.

Antiviral drops for children

For viral eye lesions in childhood, it is characteristic that in addition to local (eye) symptoms, there are general manifestations of the disease: body temperature rises, a runny nose and sore throat appear. For antiviral therapy in such cases, eye drops "Ophthalmoferon" are used, with viral eye damage - "Poludan".

It must be remembered that before instillation of the antiviral drug, the eyes must be washed from secretions and crusts using ordinary boiled water or warm chamomile decoction.

When should antiviral eye drops not be used?

Eye diseases of viral etiology are a serious problem, and in each specific situation, only an ophthalmologist can determine exactly which antiviral eye drops should be used. It is not recommended to use antiviral drugs without the appointment of a specialist, especially if there have been allergic reactions in the past. Antiviral eye drugs cause very few side effects, most often it is an individual intolerance to the drugs.

Attention! The viral nature of an eye disease can only be determined by a specialist. Improper treatment can lead to serious consequences, including loss of vision.

Source: https://moscoweyes.ru/patient/lekarstva-dliya-glaz/protivovirusnye-glaznye-kapli.html

Overview of antiviral eye drops

To cope with viral lesions of the organs of vision, it is logical and correct to use antiviral drugs. Usually, drops act as such drugs - in the article we will consider the features of drugs in this group. We will find out what effect antiviral eye drops have, we will review the most effective drugs, and find out whether it is possible to purchase inexpensive, but high-quality products in this category.

So, antiviral eye drops are used, as you might guess, to treat diseases caused by certain viruses. These diseases include:

• conjunctivitis. But what you can wash your eyes with conjunctivitis, you can see here;
• keratoconjunctivitis;
• iridocyclitis;
• keratitis. How is the treatment of viral keratitis of the eye, you can learn from this article;
• neuritis;
• uevit.

Most often, you have to use antiviral drops to eliminate problems caused by adenoviruses - in this case, a person develops conjunctivitis of varying severity. In addition, antiviral drops are also often used for herpetic lesions of the cornea. But what are the symptoms of inflammation of the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye can be found in this article.

On the video - antiviral eye drops:

Varieties

All eye drops with an antiviral effect are divided into three categories according to the principle of their effect:

• virucilide;
• immunomodulators;
• interferons.

Virucilide drops are designed for precise and targeted destruction of the viruses that caused the inflammatory process.

Drops-immunomodulators are designed to increase the level of immunity, help to quickly destroy the infection.

Interferon drops contain a substance similar to natural interferon, therefore they help to quickly and reliably cope with a viral infection. Interferon is a protein antibody that can fight harmful microbes.

Review

Consider the most effective antiviral eye drops.

Oftan Idu

This is a virucilide drug aimed at the rapid destruction of the cause of the disease. The tool can be used to treat both adults and children. The drug is manufactured in Finland and complies with European pharmaceutical standards. The tool has a uniquely powerful effect, capable of completely destroying the virus in a short time.

Oftan Idu

It is usually used to eliminate the following diseases;

• keratitis and herpetic keratoconjunctivitis;
• other viral eye infections;
• tree-like corneal ulcers.

Note that the drug has toxic components, due to which the following side effects are likely:

• burning sensation in the eyes, pain;
• photophobia and uncontrolled lacrimation.

You can not use Oftan Ida simultaneously with the use of anti-inflammatory steroid eye ointments and drops. The cost of the drug today is about 300 rubles for a 10-ml bottle.

The drug should be used with extreme caution, among the side effects are the following: blepharitis, scarring of the conjunctiva, disturbance of accommodation, clouding of the epithelial tissue of the cornea.

Eye drops are medicinal solutions that are intended to be injected into the eyes. There are a lot of drugs in the form of eye drops, but all of them are not analogues, but belong to one or another group. Any drops are sterile, stable and do not irritate the mucous membrane of the eye. Depending on the active substance, eye drops are used to eliminate unpleasant symptoms and treat various diseases of the organs of vision. Next, consider the most common of the eye drops and the features of their use.

Application area

Eye drops are intended for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the organs of vision.

Most often, ophthalmologists prescribe drops for diseases of the anterior sections of the eye, outer membranes and eyelids. The composition of the solutions includes one or more components that have a therapeutic effect on the eyes.

Eye drops can be used for purposes such as:

• Fight against infections and viruses. In this case, they contain antibiotics and antiviral components.
• Allergy protection.
• Elimination of the inflammatory process.
• Treatment of glaucoma and lowering intraocular pressure.
• Nourishment of eye tissues to improve metabolic processes;
• Slowing down the formation of cataracts;
• Decrease ;
• Slowing the progression of myopia;
• The fight against retinopathy in metabolic disorders;
• Carrying out diagnostic procedures;
• Hydration of the eyes;
• Vasoconstriction;
• Elimination of fatigue, redness and irritation;
• Removal of edema.

Features of drugs

All types of eye drops share a number of common properties. An important feature of such funds is the ability to quickly penetrate the conjunctiva, the outer shell of the eye, into the deeper parts of the eyeball.

This effect is achieved thanks to special technologies used in the production process.

Each drug has its own characteristics: it contains its own active substance, is used for a specific purpose and is included in one or another group of eye drops.

• used to fight various kinds of infection. This is the largest pharmacological group, which, in turn, is divided into several subgroups. There are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal eye drops, and by the nature of the active substance - antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs and antiseptics.
• Anti-inflammatory eye drops are designed to treat inflammatory lesions. organ of vision and its appendages of a non-infectious nature. This group, in turn, is subdivided into steroidal anti-inflammatory drops (hormonal anti-inflammatory drops) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops. Both those and others can consist of several components that expand their spectrum of action. (For example ).

Average price: 100 rubles.

• , are divided into 2 large groups: drugs that improve the outflow of intraocular fluid, and drugs that reduce its production. For example, they will be effective.
• intended for the treatment and prevention of allergic reactions. The principle of action of these drugs is to suppress the triggering of the inflammatory response at the cellular level, or to block histamine receptors.
• Local vasoconstrictor drugs relieve symptoms of allergic inflammation, such as edema and hyperemia, and significantly reduce pain.
• slow down its development.
• Moisturizing eye drops, or "", are designed to prevent dry eye syndrome.
• Diagnostic eye drops are used during surgical interventions.

List

For the treatment of infectious diseases

This group is divided into several subgroups.

Antibacterial

Designed for the treatment of eye infections caused by bacteria, mycoplasmas and chlamydia. The following are currently known:

Price: about 25 rubles.

• Vigamox;
• Tobrex;
• Gentamicin;
• Tsiprolet;
• Normax;
• Kolistimitat;

Antiviral

Designed for the treatment of viral infections. The list of these drugs:

• Poludan;
• Trifluridine;
• Berofor;
• Oftan-IDU.

Price: about 110 rubles.

Antifungal

Designed for the treatment of fungal infections. Such oculars are produced only in Europe and the USA on the basis of a substance such as natamycin. Also, if necessary, solutions of amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Flucitazine, Miconazole and Nystatin are instilled into the eyes.

Combined

These drugs contain sulfonamides in their composition, therefore they are used to treat both bacterial and viral infections. The most famous such drug is.

Antiseptic

Designed to treat infections caused by any microorganisms: viruses, fungi, bacteria. Drops with antiseptics:

• Ophthalmo-septonex;
• Miramistin;
• Avitar.

Price: about 400 rubles.

Anti-inflammatory

The drugs in this group are divided into 3 subgroups:

1. Drops containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as active substances (, Voltaren ofta, Naklof,). often used to stop the source in various functional conditions (fatigue, irritation, etc.) and eye diseases (infections, glaucoma, etc.). Often used as .
2. Drops containing glucocorticoid hormones. These include, Prednisolone, Betamethasone, Prenacid,. These drugs are used to eliminate a strong inflammatory process in various eye diseases. It is not recommended to use eye drops with glucocorticoids for viral, mycobacterial and fungal eye infections.
3. Combined drops containing NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, antibiotics or antivirals. The most popular combined drugs are,.

Antiallergic

Drugs of this group are prescribed to patients suffering from allergic reactions.

Antiallergic drops must be used in courses.

Medicinal solutions may contain membrane stabilizers (Cromohexal, Lodoxamide, Alomid) or antihistamines (Antazolin, Azelastine, Allergodil, Levocabastine, Pheniramine, Histimet and Opatonol) as active substances.

Price: about 500 rubles.

Vasoconstrictor

These include:

• Tetrizoline;
• Naphazoline;
• Oxymetazoline;
• (stimulant);
• Vizin;
• Spersallerg.

These drugs are used only as needed to eliminate severe redness of the eyes, relieve swelling and stop lacrimation.

The use of vasoconstrictor drops is allowed no more than 7 - 10 days in a row.

For the treatment of glaucoma

Such drugs reduce intraocular pressure. Among them are drops that improve the outflow of intraocular fluid (, Carbachol, Latanoprost, Xalacom, Travoprost, Travatan), and drops that reduce the formation of intraocular fluid (, Clonidine-Clonidine, Proxofelin, Betaxolol, Timolol, Proxodolol, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide, Betoptik, Arutimol, Kosopt, Xalacom.

Price: about 700 rubles.

With neuroprotectors

Preparations of this group support the functioning of the optic nerve and prevent its edema. These include: Erisod, 0.02% histochrome solution.

For the treatment and prevention of cataracts

The purpose of these drops is to slow down the development of cataracts. List of drugs:

• Alpha-adrenomimetic - Mezaton 1%;
• 2.5 and 10%;
• Taurine;
• Azapentacene;
• Taufon;

Anesthetics

They are used to relieve pain in the eyes in severe diseases or during diagnostic and surgical interventions. These include the following drugs:

• Tetracaine;
• Dekain;
• oxybuprocaine;
• Lidocaine;

Price: about 30 rubles.

For diagnostics

They are used for various diagnostic manipulations: dilate the pupil, allow you to see the fundus, differentiate lesions of various eye tissues, etc.). This group of drugs:

Price: about 400 rubles.

Restoring

These drugs stimulate the restoration of the normal structure of the cornea of ​​​​the eye, improve the nutrition of eye tissues and activate metabolic processes in them. These include: Etaden, Erisod, Emoksipin, Taufon, Solcoseryl,. These drops are also used to speed up recovery after injuries, against the background of degenerative processes in the cornea (keratinopathy).

Vitamin

• Quinax;
• Ophthalm-catahrom;
• Catalin;
• Vitaiodurol;
• Taurine;

Each drug has its own characteristics. It is allowed to use therapeutic drops only as directed by an ophthalmologist.

What you need to know about the correct use of eye drops?

• Eye drops should be prescribed by a doctor. The specialist chooses a drug for the treatment of the disease and prescribes its dosage, which must be strictly observed.
• If the oculist has prescribed several ophthalmic preparations, you need to take breaks of 15-20 minutes between instillations. If the doctor says that the drops should be applied in a certain order, do not neglect this.
• A pharmacy may not have eye drops prescribed by a doctor. In this case, you should not, on your own or on the recommendation of a pharmacist, replace them with drops with a similar composition. Even if the same active ingredient is indicated on bottles from different manufacturers, eye tissues may react unpredictably to another drug. Only a specialist can choose a suitable analogue.
• Wash your hands when using the drops to avoid infection in your eyes and try not to touch anything with the tip of the vial.
• Warm the drops by dipping the closed vial into a cup of hot water or by placing it under a stream of hot water. Cold drops are poorly absorbed and may irritate the eyes.
• If you wear contact lenses, remove the lenses from your eyes before using the eye drops. It will be possible to put them on 15-20 minutes after using the drug.
• Do not use other people's drops and do not give your drug to anyone. Eye drops are like a toothbrush: they are applied strictly individually.

Video

conclusions

Eye drops are effective topical agents. The scope of their application is quite wide. A qualified specialist will help you choose this or that remedy after a thorough examination of the organs of vision. In order for the drugs listed above in the article to have the desired effect, it is necessary to follow the rules for their use and the recommendations of the oculist.

Other names for eye drops can be found in this.

Viral pathologies of the eyes do not exactly belong to the most common ailments in the ophthalmic field of medicine, but it is foolish to deny their presence.

For high-quality and rapid treatment of such diseases, two groups of drugs are used - antisymptomatic and antiviral agents.

In today's material, we will talk about the features of the use of the latter, paying attention to the best medicines of this class and their scope. Interesting? Then be sure to read the article below to the end.

Viruses attack the mucous membrane

- a natural immune barrier in the structure of the human eye, which, like a sponge, absorbs all types of unfavorable microflora.

During periods when the body is completely healthy and able to protect itself from foreign microorganisms, infectious eye pathologies practically do not develop. However, the human immune system should give even the slightest failure - the unfavorable microflora is activated and, as a result, various kinds of ailments develop.

Most often, infectious diseases in ophthalmology are caused by the activity of viruses, the fight against which is carried out by the drugs considered today.

It should be noted that there are not so many types of viral pathologies of the eyes, so the range of application of antiviral agents is rather narrow. Most of these medicines are used for such ailments as:

• Viral keratitis, which is an infectious lesion. During the course of this disease, the epithelium of the cornea predominantly suffers. The main provocateurs of viral keratitis are herpes viruses, Epstein-Barr viruses and cytomegaloviruses.
• Retinitis of viral etiology, which develops in the form of inflammation of the retina. This eye damage is provoked by herpes viruses, adenoviruses and cytomegalovirus. Viral retinitis is quite common in HIV-infected patients who are undergoing enhanced antiretroviral therapy.
• The ophthalmic form of herpes zoster, which is the result of the adverse activity of the varicella-zoster virus. This ophthalmic ailment is quite rare, therefore it is not easy to treat and requires constant monitoring by a specialist.
• Viral - a well-known lesion of the conjunctiva of the eye, expressed in the development of the inflammatory process. Many viruses known to science provoke this disease. The most common cause of viral conjunctivitis is the activity of herpes, entero- and adenoviruses.

The appointment of antiviral drugs in the treatment of eye pathologies should be dealt with exclusively. In addition to the basic symptoms of viral diseases (redness, pain, photophobia, swelling), the doctor necessarily evaluates the results of scraping from the mucous membrane of the eyeballs and, taking into account the data obtained, organizes therapy.

Self-medication with suspected viral eye damage is undesirable, since it often only worsens the patient's condition, instead of improving it.

Action and types of drugs

All antiviral drugs used in ophthalmology have two main properties:

• Firstly, they have an antiviral effect, affecting viruses at the DNA level and significantly reducing their number in the affected area, as well as slowing down their reproduction.
• Secondly, they act in an immunocorrective way, adapting local "eye" immunity to the fight against viral microflora.

Depending on the type and severity of the viral infection in the patient, he is prescribed different antiviral drugs, not only by name, but also by the form of release. Today in ophthalmology you can find such forms of antiviral agents as:

1. drops;
2. ointments;
3. injections;
4. tablets or capsules.

Medicines aimed at combating eye viruses are most often used in the form of topical agents. This is due to the specificity of viral eye lesions, which are distinguished by the impossibility of further spread throughout the body. In principle, given some "alienation" of the mucous membrane of the eye organs from other body systems, this should not be surprising.

Features of antiviral therapy

When organizing antiviral therapy for eye diseases, one should not forget about the full compliance with the instructions for the use of drugs and the appointments of the attending specialist.

Deviations from the rules of treatment can not only reduce its effectiveness to zero, but also cause complications or side effects. By the way, typical “side effects” of intolerable or improperly organized antiviral therapy include in their list:

• increase in body temperature;
• chills;
• increased fatigue and drowsiness;
• weakness;
• apathy
• headache;
• dizziness;
• extremely rarely - convulsions, hallucinations, anxiety, depression, tremors, loss of sensation and neuropathy.

The appearance of side effects is a reason for abandoning the antiviral agents used. Their further intake or replacement with alternative means can be carried out only with the permission of the attending ophthalmologist.

The list of contraindications for different antiviral eye medications is different, so before taking each of them, one should not forget about the mandatory study of the instructions. Most often, antiviral treatment of eye diseases is prohibited if the patient has:

1. hypersensitivity to the components necessary for the use of funds;
2. severe pathologies of the liver, kidneys, central nervous system and stomach;
3. autoimmune diseases;
4. pregnancy or lactation;
5. children up to 3-6 years of age (children should be treated with specialized medicines for this, as a rule, with anti-symptomatic action).

The use of antiviral drugs in the treatment of eye diseases is implemented taking into account the profile prescriptions of an ophthalmologist and the provisions of the instructions attached to them.

Violation of normal dosages or the method of taking funds is often the result of complications of eye diseases and the appearance of side effects, so it should not be allowed.

The direct organization of antiviral therapy is usually implemented at home, however, with intravitreal administration (injection into the eye), the participation of a doctor is mandatory. In other aspects of the organization, the treatment of viral ophthalmic diseases has no special features.

List of the best antiviral drugs for the eyes

As for specific antiviral drugs used in ophthalmology, their list is quite wide.

As medical practice shows, the best among this group of medicines are:

• Eye drops "Idoxuridin" and "Trifluridine", prescribed for herpetic keratitis. When taking these drugs, quite natural side effects can be observed, namely, point clouding of the cornea and an allergic reaction.
• Ointment "Vidarabine", used for the treatment of herpetic keratitis and conjunctivitis, also having the same "side effects" noted above.
• Tablets and capsules "Acyclovir", used to get rid of the eye form of herpes zoster and herpetic. There are no common side effects.
• Injections into the vitreous body "Foscarnet", "Ganciclovir", "Fomivirsen" and "Cidofovir", which are mainly used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus and other forms of retinitis. They also do not have frequent "side effects".

We repeat, it is better not to engage in self-treatment of antiviral eye diseases, therefore, when deciding to use one of the drugs noted above, be sure to visit an ophthalmologist and go through the necessary set of diagnostics. Do not forget, we are talking about your health, which is unacceptable to risk.

On this, perhaps, on the topic of today's article, the most important provisions have come to an end. We hope that the above material was useful for you and gave answers to your questions. I wish you good health and successful treatment of eye pathologies!

Clinical pharmacology of antiviral drugs in ophthalmic practice - the topic of the video:

The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious physician. All drugs have contraindications. You need to consult a specialist, as well as a detailed study of the instructions!

Types of eye drops

1. Antimicrobial eye drops used to fight various kinds of infection. This is perhaps the largest pharmacological group, which in turn is divided into several subgroups. So, in accordance with the most common types of infections, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal eye drops are isolated, and by the nature of the active substance - antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs and antiseptics.
2. Anti-inflammatory eye drops are intended for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of the organ of vision and its appendages of a non-infectious nature. This group, in turn, is subdivided into steroidal anti-inflammatory drops (hormonal anti-inflammatory drops) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops. Both those and others can consist of several components that expand their spectrum of action.
3. Eye drops used for the treatment of glaucoma, which is a persistent increase in intraocular pressure, leading to severe consequences up to irreparable loss of vision. According to the mechanism of action, drugs designed to reduce intraocular pressure are divided into two large groups: drugs that improve the outflow of intraocular fluid, and drugs that reduce its production.
4. Antiallergic eye drops intended for the treatment and prevention of allergic reactions. The principle of action of these drugs is to suppress the triggering of the inflammatory reaction at the cellular level (membrane-stabilizing antiallergic agents) or to block the receptors for histamine, the main mediator of inflammatory allergic reactions (histamine receptor blockers). In addition, anti-allergic eye drops include topical vasoconstrictor drugs that relieve symptoms of allergic inflammation such as swelling and hyperemia (redness) and significantly reduce soreness.
5. Eye drops used with cataract.
6. Moisturizing eye drops or "artificial tears".
7. Diagnostic eye drops and eye drops used during surgery.

Antimicrobial eye drops (drops for inflammation of the eyes of an infectious nature)

Antibacterial eye drops (eye drops for dacryocystitis, stye, bacterial blepharitis, conjunctivitis, etc.)

It is bacteria that, as a rule, become the culprits of such fairly common diseases as dacryocystitis (inflammation of the lacrimal sac), meiobitis (barley), creeping corneal ulcer (ulcerative lesion of the transparent membrane covering the iris and pupil), and also cause post-traumatic and post-operative purulent inflammatory processes.

In addition, bacteria are often the causative agents of blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids), conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), uveitis (inflammation of the choroid), and other acute and chronic infections of the eye.

Therefore, it is not surprising that antibacterial drugs are the largest pharmacological subgroup of antimicrobial eye drops. By the nature of the active substance, antibacterial eye drops, in turn, are divided into eye drops with antibiotics and eye drops with sulfanilamide preparations.

Eye drops with antibiotics are medicines that contain compounds of natural or semi-synthetic origin as an active ingredient that have a detrimental effect on microorganisms.

In the case of antibiotics, medicine uses the natural properties of some living organisms to produce substances that suppress competitive microflora.

As you know, the first antibiotics were obtained from a culture of yeast fungi. Since then, scientists have learned not only to use natural antibiotics obtained from various microorganisms, but also to synthesize their improved analogues.

By chemical nature, antibiotics, in turn, are divided into groups - rows, so that antibacterial agents from the same row have similar properties.

In ophthalmic practice, eye drops with antibiotics of various groups are widely used, in particular:

• aminoglycosides (eye drops tobramycin (Dilaterol, Tobrex), eye drops gentamicin);
• chloramphenicol eye drops (chloramphenicol (levomycetin));
• fluoroquinolones (Tsipromed eye drops (ciprofloxacin, Tsiprolet, Cifran, Ciloxan), ofloxacin eye drops (Floxal eye drops), levofloxacin eye drops (Signicef ​​eye drops)).

The most popular drugs in this group include the well-known eye drops albucid (eye drops sulfacyl sodium, sulfacyl soluble, sulfacetamide, etc.).

Which antibacterial eye drops are best?

Antibacterial eye drops are selected individually, while the doctor focuses on the following factors:

• the age and general condition of the patient (the absence of contraindications to the appointment of the active substance of the eye drops);
• the expected tolerability of the drug;
• spectrum of antibacterial action of eye drops;
• presumed resistance of microflora to antibacterial drugs;
• compatibility of the drug with the medications taken by the patient;
• possible side effects when using eye drops;
• the availability of the drug for the patient (the price of eye drops, the availability of the drug in nearby pharmacies).

Often, doctors refuse the drug due to the incompatibility of the active substance of the eye drops with other drugs that the patient is forced to use for concomitant diseases. For example, the combination of levomycetin eye drops with cimetidine, which reduces the acidity of gastric juice, increases the risk of developing aplastic anemia, so it is more rational to choose another drug.

In addition, doctors take into account the possibility of individual intolerance to the active substance of the eye drops. So, for example, albucid eye drops are not prescribed to patients who have experienced pathological reactions when using other sulfa drugs.

If there are no contraindications, when choosing antibacterial eye drops, the expected sensitivity of the infection to the drug is taken into account. So, for example, if there is reason to suspect that the infectious process is caused by a microflora that is insensitive to many antibiotics, then it is better to prescribe the latest drug with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, to which resistance has not yet developed in many strains of microorganisms.

If the choice is wide enough, pay attention to the likelihood of developing unpleasant side effects (some drugs cause pain and burning in the eyes more often than others), the cost of eye drops and their availability for the patient (availability in nearby pharmacies).

Antiseptic eye drops. Vitabact and Okomistin (miramistin) - eye drops from infection for adults and newborns

Therefore, all antiseptics have the widest spectrum of action - they are active against bacteria, protozoa, fungi and many viruses. These substances are low allergenic, do not have a systemic effect and, therefore, have few contraindications from the general state of the body. However, the local aggressiveness of antiseptics significantly narrows the range of their application.

In ophthalmic practice, indications for the use of antiseptics are:

• inflammation of the eyelids (blepharitis, barley);
• conjunctivitis;
• inflammation of the cornea (keratitis);
• prevention of posttraumatic and postoperative complications.

Since the drugs have an exclusively local effect, they can be used by both adults, including pregnant and lactating mothers, and children, including newborns. The only contraindication to the appointment of antiseptic eye drops is hypersensitivity or allergic reactions.

In cases where the instillation of Vitabact or Okomistin eye drops causes unusually sharp pain, lacrimation, painful spasm of the eyelids, or, even worse, swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes, the drug should be discontinued as unsuitable for your body.

Antiviral eye drops for adults and children. Virucidal eye drops Oftan Idu

To virucidal chemotherapy drugs topical use includes idoxuridine eye drops (Oftan Idu eye drops) used in adults and children with herpes infection of the cornea of ​​​​the eyes.

Oftan Idu eye drops have practically no contraindications, with the exception of individual intolerance to the drug. However, unpleasant side effects often occur in the form of a headache and a pronounced local reaction (burning, lacrimation, photophobia, painful spasm of the eyelids).

Oftan Ida eye drops are not prescribed together with glucocorticoid drugs, and during pregnancy they try to use only in cases where the expected benefit from the drops outweighs the risk of adverse effects on the fetus.

It should also be taken into account that virucidal agents are antimetabolites and significantly slow down the healing process of corneal defects left by the virus.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferons. Oftalmoferon - the most effective antiviral eye drops for adults and children

Interferons are natural low molecular weight proteins produced by cells that have antiviral, immunostimulatory and antitumor activity.

In ophthalmic practice, interferons are used to treat inflammatory processes of the conjunctiva, cornea and choroid caused by adenoviruses, herpes viruses and herpes zoster.

So, interferon is part of the combined preparation eye drops oftalmoferon, the active ingredients of which are also the antiallergic agent diphenhydramine, the antiseptic boric acid and the polymer base, which acts as an "artificial tear".

Despite the "naturalness" of the action, interferons have their own contraindications. In particular, ophthalmoferon eye drops cannot be used for severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, for liver and kidney damage, for hematopoietic insufficiency (leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia), thyroid diseases and mental illness.

In addition, interferons can have an adverse effect on the fetus and infant, so ophthalmoferon eye drops are not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation.

As a rule, oftalmoferon is well tolerated, but adverse side effects are also possible from a flu-like syndrome (headache, chills, fever, weakness, body aches) to convulsions and hallucinations. It should be noted that all of these symptoms completely disappear after discontinuation of the drug.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferon inducers. Eye drops Aktipol and Poludan

The mechanism of the antiviral action of interferon inducers is to stimulate the body's natural defenses, leading to the activation of cellular immunity and an increase in the production of antibodies against viral agents.

In ophthalmic practice, interferon inducers are represented by eye drops Poludan (polyadenylic and polyuridylic acid) and Aktipol (aminobenzoic acid), which are prescribed for lesions of the organ of vision caused by adenovirus and herpetic infection.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferon inducers should not be used during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in the presence of severe disorders of the liver and kidneys. Since Aktipol eye drops and

Poludan are direct immunostimulants, they are contraindicated in patients with autoimmune diseases.

When using Aktipol and Poludan eye drops, the following side effects may occur:

• fever, joint pain;
• decrease in blood pressure;
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
• oppression of hematopoiesis (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia);
• allergic reactions.

Antifungal eye drops

For fungal eye infections, fungicidal (antifungal) drugs are taken orally, and as a local treatment, as a rule, Vitabact antiseptic eye drops are prescribed, which are often called an antifungal agent on the network.

Hormonal eye drops are anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic. Sofradex, Maxitrol, Tobradex - popular combined anti-inflammatory antimicrobial eye drops

However, it should be borne in mind that inflammation itself is a protective reaction of the body in response to damage, and suppression of the body's immune forces at the cellular level can have an adverse effect.

Therefore, hormonal anti-inflammatory eye drops are mainly used in inflammatory processes of allergic and autoimmune origin, to suppress the rejection reaction after a cornea transplant operation, to prevent the growth of connective tissue and the formation of a leukoma after injuries, burns, etc.

At the same time, today combined eye drops, the composition of which includes both hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs and substances with antimicrobial action, are widely used.

Sofradex eye drops, which are a combination of the steroidal anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone with two topical antibiotics, neomycin and gramicidin C, are the most popular among combined preparations.

Gramicidin C is interesting because it was the first antibiotic discovered by Soviet scientists. Over time, it was supplanted by new drugs that could be used not only locally, but also inside. Gramicidin was remembered when it became clear that the resistance of microorganisms to this agent, unlike other antibiotics, develops extremely slowly.

Sofradex eye drops are a good combination, since local antibiotics complement and reinforce each other, providing the widest possible spectrum of antimicrobial action, and dexamethasone prevents the occurrence of allergies to antibiotics and has an anti-inflammatory effect, relieving swelling and relieving pain.

Also very popular are the combined eye drops of maxitrol, which are a combination of dexamethasone with the antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin B (this drug is especially active against the so-called intestinal group of bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and tobradex, which is a combination of dexamethasone with the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin.

Dexon eye drops (dexamethasone and neomycin) and dex-gentamicin (dexamethasone and antibiotic aminoglycoside gentamicin) are in less demand.

Indications for the use of combined eye drops are:

• bacterial inflammatory lesions of the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea in cases where they did not cause epithelial defects (hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs prevent rapid healing);
• iridocyclitis (inflammatory lesions of the so-called anterior chamber of the eye - the iris and ciliary body);
• prevention of inflammatory complications after injuries and operations on the organ of vision.

Since the combined eye drops contain a steroid component, they are tried not to be prescribed to children and pregnant women.

The course of treatment with such drugs should be limited (maximum 10-14 days), since with longer use, dexamethasone can provoke such serious complications as steroid cataract (clouding of the lens), steroid glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure), accession of a fungal infection.

Eye drops for pain and inflammation of the eyes from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pain-relieving eye drops diclofenac and Indocollir (indomethacin) for eye injury and after cataract surgery

In ophthalmic practice, the most popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are diclofenac eye drops (the active ingredient is diclofenac sodium) and Indocollir (the active ingredient is indomethacin), which is prescribed in the following cases:

• to eliminate the pain syndrome and inflammatory reaction in conjunctivitis of a non-infectious nature;
• suppression of miosis (pupil constriction reaction) during operations on the organ of vision;
• prevention of postoperative complications after surgical interventions for glaucoma and cataract removal (prevention of the development of cystic maculopathy);
• treatment and prevention of post-traumatic and post-operative inflammation of the choroid.

• ulcerative processes of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute stage;
• aspirin triad (aspirin intolerance, bronchial asthma, nasal polyposis);
• violations of the hematopoietic function of unknown origin;

In addition, they try not to prescribe diclofenac and Indocollir eye drops to children under 6 years of age, patients with bronchial asthma and elderly people suffering from arterial hypertension and heart failure.

Possible side effects of Diclofenac and Indocollir eye drops include:

• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen, stool disorders, flatulence, rarely - ulcerative erosive lesions);
• disorders of the nervous system (headache, dizziness, weakness, irritability, insomnia).

• crawling sensation on the skin (paresthesia), tinnitus;
• blurry objects, double vision, inflammation of the cornea, increased intraocular pressure, itching and redness of the conjunctiva;
• violation of hematopoiesis;
• mental disorders, convulsions, tremor;
• impaired renal function with the appearance of edema.

Eye drops for glaucoma (from eye pressure), which improve the outflow of intraocular fluid.

Pilocarpine - popular eye drops to reduce eye pressure from the group of cholinomimetics

In ophthalmic practice, cholinomimetics are used topically to narrow the pupil and improve the outflow of intraocular fluid in glaucoma. The most popular drug from this group is pilocarpine eye drops, which are used both occasionally to relieve acute attacks of glaucoma and constantly to maintain intraocular pressure at an acceptable level.

The effect of pilocarpine eye drops appears after 20-30 minutes and persists for 4-6 hours, while intraocular pressure decreases by 15-20% of the original.

Contraindications to the use of pilocarpine eye drops are:

• inflammatory processes in the iris and ciliary body;
• pupillary block (violation of the outflow of aqueous humor that occurs during adhesions of the iris, dislocation of the lens and vitreous body);
• pregnancy and lactation;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

• severe constriction of the pupil, accompanied by a narrowing of the visual fields;
• deterioration in distance vision (induced myopia) most often manifests itself in the dark 15 minutes after instillation, reaches a maximum after an hour and lasts about two hours;
• lability of pressure and pulse;
• bronchospasm, pulmonary edema;
• difficulty urinating;
• pain in the upper abdomen, salivation, vomiting, diarrhea;
• headache, especially in the superciliary region (more common in young patients, over time, this reaction to the drug, as a rule, decreases);
• allergic reactions.

Xalatan (Glauprost) and Travatan (Travoprost) - eye drops that reduce eye pressure, from the group of prostaglandin F2α analogues

Today, two drugs from this group are in great demand on the ophthalmopharmacological market - Xalatan (Glauprost) and Travatan (Travoprost) eye drops.

These medications effectively reduce intraocular pressure and are indicated for long-term use. It is very convenient that the effect of the drugs lasts for a long time, so that eye drops are taken only once a day (at night).

Xalatan (Glauprost) and Travatan (Travoprost) are used on the recommendation of a doctor, while the first two weeks of admission must be under the supervision of an ophthalmologist, since paradoxical reactions to the drug are possible.

The hypotensive effect develops gradually over two weeks. In order to avoid addiction to the drug, it is advisable to replace the eye drops after two years.

Contraindications to the appointment of eye drops from the group of analogues of prostaglandin F2α are the following conditions:

• secondary post-inflammatory glaucoma;
• transferred inflammatory diseases of the choroid;
• undergone surgery associated with damage to the posterior lens capsule;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

• slow heartbeat, lability of blood pressure, pain in the heart area;
• pigmentation of the eyelids and iris, increased growth of eyelashes;
• headache, decreased mood;
• dry mouth, vomiting, nausea, increased blood cholesterol levels;
• nasal congestion, joint pain, exacerbation of chronic infections;
• redness of the conjunctiva, a feeling of sand in the eye, the appearance of a rash on the eyelids.

Antiglaucoma eye drops that inhibit aqueous humor production

Timolol (okumed) and Betoptik (betaxolol) - eye drops for glaucoma from the group of beta-blockers

Contraindications to the local appointment of beta-blockers are the following conditions:

• dystrophic processes in the cornea;
• chronic obstructive processes in the lungs (including bronchial asthma);
• heart rhythm disturbances, accompanied by a decrease in heart rate (sinus bradycardia, atrioventricular block);
• heart failure;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

Timolol (okumed) and Betoptic (betaxolol) are the most popular drugs from this group. At the same time, Betoptik eye drops are selective beta-blockers that can be used by people with bronchial asthma and other obstructive pulmonary pathologies.

With caution, both drugs are prescribed in the following cases:

• pregnancy and lactation (only in cases where the intended benefit outweighs the potential risk to the fetus, it is better to transfer the child to artificial feeding during lactation);
• diabetes mellitus (the action of drugs can eliminate the symptoms of acute hypoglycemia (tachycardia, agitation), and a delay in emergency care is fraught with the development of a coma);
• thyrotoxicosis (in such patients, beta-blockers should be discontinued gradually so as not to provoke a crisis; in addition, the side effect of eye drops (slow heartbeat) can eliminate the tachycardia characteristic of thyrotoxicosis and the patient will not receive the necessary assistance);
• myasthenia gravis (a number of side effects of eye drops (double vision, weakness) can be confused with symptoms of muscle weakness;
• surgical interventions (drugs should be canceled two days before surgery).
With prolonged use, antiglaucoma eye drops Timolol (Ocumed) and Betoptik (Betaxolol) can cause the following side effects:

• heart rhythm disturbances with a tendency to bradycardia up to the development of heart failure;
• respiratory rhythm disorders, bronchospasm, acute respiratory failure;
• dizziness, depression, sleep disturbances, goosebumps (paresthesia), weakness;
• vomiting, stool disorders (diarrhea);
• decrease in potency;
• hives;
• allergic swelling of the conjunctiva, lacrimation, painful spasm of the eyelids.

Trusopt (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide) - antiglaucoma eye drops from the group of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

The most popular eye drops from this group are Trusopt (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide). This drug is taken three times a day (when combined with other antiglaucoma drugs - twice a day).

Contraindications to the appointment of eye drops Trusopt (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide) are the following conditions:

• acute renal failure;
• Addison's disease (hypofunction of the adrenal glands);
• reduced concentration of calcium and potassium in the blood plasma;
• diabetes.

• pain and burning when instilling the drug, lacrimation, photophobia, redness of the conjunctiva, transient myopia;
• inflammatory processes in the iris and ciliary body;
• pathological processes in the cornea;
• leukopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolysis of erythrocytes;
• the formation of urinary stones;
• decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, weight loss;
• skin rash and itching, redness of the skin;
• decreased libido;
• taste disorder.

Also, with great care, Trusopt (Dorzopt, Dorzolamide) eye drops should be prescribed to children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

Often, intolerance to the drug is observed in patients with individual sensitivity to sulfonamides, which should be taken into account when prescribing.

Fotil - combined eye drops for eye pressure

So, for example, the most popular combination drug Fotil eye drops, which is a combination of pilocarpine with timolol, can reduce intraocular pressure by 32% of the original.
Of course, with this combination, the number of contraindications also increases. However, experience has shown that combined drugs are generally better tolerated (by reducing the dose of each individual therapeutic agent).

In addition, tolerance develops much more slowly to Fotil eye drops than to drops containing a single active ingredient.

Allergy eye drops for adults and children. List of the most popular drugs

Antiallergic eye drops from the group of membrane stabilizing agents. Eye drops Lekrolin (Kromoheksal) and ketatifen (Zaditen)

The most popular ophthalmic preparations from this group are Lecrolin (Kromoheksal) eye drops with the active ingredient cromoglycic acid and ketatifen (zaditen) eye drops, the active ingredient of which is ketatifen.

These drugs are indicated for use in allergic conjunctivitis of a very different nature. In particular, with the following pathologies:

• seasonal conjunctivitis;
• hyperpapillary conjunctivitis caused by irritation of the conjunctiva of the upper eyelid with various foreign bodies (postoperative sutures, prostheses, etc.);
• conjunctivitis associated with wearing contact lenses;
• medicinal conjunctivitis.

• age up to 4 years;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

Eye drops against allergies from the group of histamine receptor blockers. Antihistamine eye drops Allergodil (azelastine) and Opatanol (olopatadine)

Today, the most popular drugs from this group in ophthalmology are Allergodil eye drops (active ingredient - azelastine) and Opatanol eye drops (active ingredient - olopatadine). It should be noted that the latter drug has a dual action - it blocks histamine receptors and stabilizes mast cell membranes. This feature has led to the increased popularity of Opatanol eye drops.

In addition to the treatment and prevention of allergic conjunctivitis, eye drops from the group of histamine receptor blockers are widely used in the complex therapy of bacterial, viral and chlamydial conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis (joint inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea).

Absolute contraindications to taking Allergodil and Opatanol eye drops are:

• hypersensitivity to the drug;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• children's age (under 4 years for Opatanol eye drops and under 6 years for Allergodil eye drops);
• angle-closure glaucoma;
• taking drugs from the group of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Allergodil and Opatanol eye drops are prescribed with caution to children under 18 years of age (contributes to the development of hyperactivity, hallucinations and even seizures in susceptible individuals), as well as to patients with the following pathologies:

• bronchial asthma;
• coronary artery disease;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach and / or stenotic narrowing of the digestive tract;
• arterial hypertension;
• hyperthyroidism.

• lethargy, increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, poor coordination of movements;
• bitterness in the mouth, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea.

Eye vasoconstrictor drops from allergic conjunctivitis. The best eye drops for redness of the eyes Vizin (Montevizin, VizOptik)

Due to vasoconstriction, such unpleasant allergy symptoms as swelling and hyperemia (redness) of the conjunctiva are eliminated. Eye drops from the group of vasoconstrictors are used not only for allergic conjunctivitis, but also to eliminate irritation of the sensitive conjunctiva of the eyes caused by various adverse factors (cigarette smoke, dust, smog, chlorinated water, cosmetics, contact lenses, etc.).
The most popular eye drops for redness of the eyes are the drug Vizin (Montevizin, VizOptic), the effect of which begins to appear within a few minutes after instillation and lasts 4-8 hours.

Vizin eye drops are contraindicated in the following cases:

• pregnancy and lactation;
• angle-closure glaucoma;
• severe diseases of the cardiovascular system (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease);
• endocrine pathologies (pheochromocytoma, diabetes mellitus, hyperfunction of the thyroid gland).

• headache, decreased performance;
• increased blood pressure, palpitations;
• increased blood sugar levels;
• increased intraocular pressure, pupil dilation, irritation of the conjunctiva, decreased vision, with prolonged use, persistent conjunctival hyperemia and dry eye syndrome may develop.

Eye drops for cataract Quinax (azapentacene) and Oftan Katahrom

It should be noted that today the main method of cataract treatment is surgery to remove the affected lens. Therapeutic treatment is used only in the early stages, when the patient has relatively satisfactory vision and does not agree to the operation.

Cataract eye drops can significantly slow down the pathological process and postpone the need for an operation that is unacceptable for the patient for years or even decades.

Quinax eye drops belong to the group of substances that regulate metabolic processes. By activating proteolytic enzymes, the drug promotes the resorption of opaque protein complexes and restores the transparency of the lens. In addition, the active substance of Quinax eye drops protects the sulfhydryl groups of the lens tissues from oxidation.

Quinax eye drops are taken for all types of cataracts, instilled 2 drops 3 times a day. The duration of the course is determined by the doctor, the drug is intended for long-term use.

Oftan Katahrom eye drops are a mixture of active biologically active substances, such as:

• cytochrome C - activates the processes of cellular respiration, normalizes intracellular metabolic processes, protects cellular elements from aggressive radicals;
• nicotinamide - regulates redox processes, increases the ability of tissues to regenerate;
• adenosine - nourishes the lens of the eye and the cornea, promotes the leaching of toxic substances from the transparent environment of the eye, improves the exchange of aqueous humor.

There are practically no contraindications to the use of anti-cataract eye drops, with the exception of allergic reactions to the components of the drugs, which are not common.

Moisturizing eye drops for tired eyes. Eye drops "from the computer" Sistane, Hilo Chest (Hilozar Chest)

It should be noted that the tear film, protecting the eye from drying out, performs the most important protective function. With a lack of tear fluid, the nutrition of the tissues of the eye is disrupted, susceptibility to infection increases, and fatigue develops faster.

Unfavorable environmental factors, professional hazards of office workers (in particular, staying in an air-conditioned room and working at a computer for a long time) have an extremely adverse effect on the work of the lacrimal glands.

Therefore, many people use moisturizing drops to treat and prevent eye fatigue. Today, among the most popular are eye drops Sistane and Hilo Chest, which are inert aqueous solutions. These drugs are able to replace the tear fluid, increase the thickness of the tear film and tear viscosity.

It should be noted that, despite the "naturalness", eye drops Sistane and Hilo Komod can cause temporary blurred vision immediately after instillation and withdrawal syndrome with prolonged use.

Contraindications to the use of moisturizing drops are individual sensitivity to the components of the drug and the presence of acute or chronic infectious and inflammatory processes in the tissues of the organ of vision.

Eye drops Systane and Hylo Chest can be instilled without removing contact lenses. However, you should not drip them at the same time as other eye drops, since the "artificial tear" will slow down the absorption of other drugs.

If you decide to buy eye drops in a pharmacy. Composition of eye drops. Analogs and generics. How to choose the cheapest eye drops

Full analogues, synonyms or generics are drugs that have the same active substance, but different names. Quite often, the cost of analogues is very different, so you can buy a synonymous drug several times cheaper.

Do analogues differ in quality? This is a difficult question. It all depends on the manufacturer: how the process of cleaning chemicals goes, whether all the necessary technological requirements are met, etc.

It is believed that Japan, the United States and developed European countries produce the highest quality drugs, while the quality of medicines from China, India and other East Asian countries is much lower.

You can pick up an analogue on the Internet by going to the sites of pharmacies. But you should be careful, because some sellers call analogues not generics, but medicines with different active ingredients belonging to the same pharmacological group.

Meanwhile, doctors strongly do not recommend changing the prescribed drug to another drug of similar action without consulting a specialist. Since even medicines of the same group often have different indications and contraindications.

In order not to be deceived, be sure to pay attention to the composition of the drug: active ingredients are always written first in the list and, as a rule, are highlighted in bold or indicated by the words “active ingredients”.

You can see analogues of the most popular eye drops and their prices at the end of our article.

How to properly administer eye drops

It is necessary to instill eye drops in a calm environment, after washing your hands and sitting comfortably in front of a mirror.

In order for the drop to hit the right place, you need to tilt your head back and slightly pull the lower eyelid down, leaving a small “pocket”.

Immediately before instillation, look up, without losing sight of the tip of the dropper bottle or pipette, and drip the required number of drops into the conjunctival cavity (into the formed "pocket").
To prevent the medicine from escaping into the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal canal, close your eye and lightly press the lower eyelid with your finger at the inner corner of the eye (near the nose).

It is enough to hold your finger for 2-3 minutes - and you're done. If necessary, you can go to the other eye.
If it is necessary to drip another drug, then you should wait at least 15-20 minutes for the medicinal substance to be completely absorbed into the mucous membrane of the eye.

The same period of time must be waited before putting on contact lenses.

Eye drops for children. Instructions: how to drip eye drops for children up to a year and older

• read the instructions carefully;
• Wash the hands;
• put cotton balls or swabs on a sterile surface;
• if necessary, prepare a cup (or two) with warm tea leaves;
• if the preparation is not equipped with a special dropper, prepare a sterile pipette (pour boiling water over it);
• warm the eye drops in your hand or in a cup of warm water.

To drip the eye of a small child, you should lay it on the back. Older children can endure this procedure while sitting on a chair.

If the eyelashes of the child are glued with pus, you must first rinse the eyes with warm tea. At the same time, a cotton swab dipped in tea is carried out from the outer corner of the eye to the inner one (from the temple to the nose). For each eye, you must use a separate swab and a separate cup with tea leaves.

First, a healthy or less affected eye is instilled. Do not worry too much if a drop falls on a closed eye, it will penetrate when the child opens his eyes.

Ask the baby to close both eyes, then pull the lower eyelid down with your thumb, and drip the required amount of drops into the formed crease.

Allergy from eye drops

• swelling and redness of the conjunctiva;
• lacrimation;
• pain and pain in the eye;
• painful spasm of the eyelids;
• swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes.

If signs of an allergic reaction to eye drops appear, the drug is canceled. Anti-allergic drops (lecrolin or allergodil) are instilled into the affected eye, and the antihistamine loratadine is additionally taken orally.

With severe allergic inflammation, the doctor may prescribe hormonal anti-inflammatory eye drops. In the event of a rapidly developing allergic reaction, an ambulance should be called.

Is it possible to rely on reviews when choosing eye drops for children and adults

So the latest effective drops that helped some of the users of the World Wide Web can only bring you harm.

In addition, all reviews carry an element of subjectivity. Some patient may believe that eye drops helped him, while the doctor will say that, judging by the diagnosis, it was a placebo effect (self-hypnosis).
There may be a reverse situation: negative reviews about eye drops are often left by patients who do not comply with all the rules of treatment (insufficient course duration, inaccurate intake, non-compliance with the rules for the complexity of treatment, etc.).

You should be especially careful about reviews of children's eye drops. Read the instructions carefully and in no case use drops that are contraindicated for the baby by age, even if the reviews say that they help very young children a lot, and there are no adverse effects.

Is it possible to drip eye drops into the nose of a child?

All prescriptions and digital data of the instruction were confirmed at the time by the results of clinical studies, which proved that this pathology can be cured in this way.

So, for example, there are Allergonaf anti-allergic drops “for eyes and nose”, which, according to the instructions, can be instilled into the nose of children over 6 years old with a runny nose of allergic or viral origin.
But if the instructions indicate that this drug is "eye drops", then it should be used strictly for its intended purpose. Otherwise, you can cause significant harm to yourself or your loved ones.

Storage of eye drops

However, in families with small children, this storage can be a problem, as most eye drops are poisonous to the child. Therefore, saving eye drops in the refrigerator, you will have to make sure that no one drinks them.

It should also be remembered that the shelf life of an open vial of eye drops for most drugs is no more than 28 days.

The list of eye drops that are most popular

• eye drops chloramphenicol;
• eye drops Tobrex;
• eye drops Taufon;
• eye drops Emoksipin;
• eye drops Albucid;
• eye drops Tsipromed;
• eye drops Dexamethasone;
• eye drops Irifrin.

Best eye drops: time-tested broad-spectrum antibiotic levomycetin (chloramphenicol eye drops)

Levomycetin eye drops are indicated for use in infectious and inflammatory eye diseases, such as:

• conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye);
• blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids);
• keratitis (inflammation of the cornea - a membrane, in the form of a dial, covering the iris and pupil).

However, this drug is used only in cases where the pathological process is caused by antibiotic-sensitive microorganisms.

Levomycetin (chloramphenicol) is a synthetic analogue of the antibiotic produced by the microorganism Streptomyces venezuelae and has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

It is able to inhibit the growth of many bacteria (including those against which sulfonamides, streptomycin, and penicillin antibiotics are powerless), and is effective against some large viruses (for example, against the trachoma virus, which causes severe eye damage).

In cases where the infectious process is caused by a microorganism insensitive to levomycetin, for example, a small virus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, this drug will be absolutely useless.

Moreover, with fungal conjunctivitis, as well as inflammation of an allergic nature, levomycetin eye drops can cause significant harm.

It should be noted that inflammatory processes in the eye can be caused by many reasons. So, conjunctivitis can be the result of eye strain with farsightedness or the result of pathological processes in the eyeball (tumor, glaucoma) or in other organs.

Therefore, if signs of conjunctivitis or other inflammatory processes of the organ of vision appear, you should contact an ophthalmologist.

Levomycetin eye drops instructions

Levomycetin eye drops are instilled into the conjunctival cavity one drop 2-4 times a day. The course of treatment should not exceed ten days.

In cases where a longer use of the drug is necessary, the state of the cellular elements of the blood (general blood test) should be monitored every 3 days, since chloramphenicol inhibits the hematopoietic function.

In addition, with prolonged use of eye drops of chloramphenicol, observation by a dentist is necessary, since bleeding of the gums, the occurrence of sores in the mouth and the development of inflammatory processes are possible.

Levomycetin is prescribed with caution to patients with liver and kidney diseases, which are accompanied by a pronounced insufficiency of their function. In such cases, you should regularly examine the blood for the concentration of the antibiotic in the plasma.

Eye drops of chloramphenicol for children: is the instruction different? What side effects are possible when using this drug in children and adults

Levomycetin eye drops for children from four months to two years are prescribed with great care, only in cases where there is no adequate replacement, and the expected benefit of the drug outweighs the risk of developing unpleasant side effects.

The dose of admission is determined by the doctor, based on the age of the child, the severity of the infectious process and the general health of the small patient.

Side effects of the drug levomycetin are as follows:

• from the nervous system: impaired consciousness up to loss of orientation in place, time and one's own personality, with prolonged use, the development of pathology of peripheral nerves, including optic neuritis with the threat of loss of vision, is possible;
• disorders of the hematopoietic system: decrease in hemoglobin; less often - a decrease in the number of erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes; in persons with a genetic predisposition, irreversible aplastic anemia (irreversible oppression of hematopoiesis) may develop;
• lesions of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract: the formation of ulcers in the oral cavity, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating;
• impaired excretory function of the kidneys;
• local allergic reactions(allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva).

However, with short-term use of the drug (up to 7-10 days), serious disorders of the nervous system, hematopoiesis and kidneys are extremely rare. If signs of damage to the gastrointestinal tract or local allergic reactions appear, the drug is canceled.

Levomycetin eye drops: storage and shelf life

Levomycetin eye drops are available in dark glass containers. The drug should be stored in a dark, cool place inaccessible to children (storage temperature 8-15 degrees Celsius).

Under normal storage conditions, the shelf life of levomycetin eye drops is 24 months, but an open vial should not be stored for more than one month.

Do chloramphenicol AKOS eye drops help with barley?

Barley- acute purulent inflammation of the glands of the eyelid, which is most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus or other microflora sensitive to chloramphenicol.

So the use of eye drops with the antibiotic chloramphenicol in this case is fully justified.
However, it should be borne in mind that barley often accompanies diseases such as diabetes mellitus, serious pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as other conditions accompanied by hypovitaminosis and immunodeficiency.

Therefore, it is advisable to be examined by an endocrinologist, gastroenterologist and dermatologist. Doctors also advise patients with barley to take a vitamin-rich dietary supplement Brewer's Yeast.

Can levomycetin DIA eye drops be used for newborns?

No. The antibiotic chloramphenicol is a rather toxic substance that can cause the so-called gray neonatal syndrome in infants up to four months old. This pathology is associated with the physiological immaturity of the liver, leading to a violation of the detoxification of the antibiotic and its accumulation in the body.

In mild cases, the gray syndrome of newborns is manifested by gastrointestinal disorders (bloating, diarrhea, vomiting), and in severe cases, severe respiratory disorders, which are accompanied by a drop in blood pressure and cyanosis of the skin (hence the name of the pathology).

Can levomycetin 0 25 eye drops be used during pregnancy and lactation?

Levomycetin crosses the placental barrier and can have a negative effect on the fetus, so pregnancy is a contraindication for prescribing all drugs containing this antibiotic.
The drug is contraindicated in breastfeeding, as it enters the milk and can poison the baby's body.

What is the difference between Levomycetin Dia and Levomycetin AKOS eye drops? The instruction is almost the same, the price is comparable. Checked the reviews - no difference.

Nothing surprising. Eye drops Levomycetin Dia and eye drops Levomycetin AKOS are synonyms used by different companies to name the same drug.

Question answer

First of all, it should be noted that any drug must be used according to the instructions. If the instructions say "eye drops" - this means that the drug is intended exclusively for the eyes.

If chloramphenicol eye drops could be instilled into the nose or ear, this would certainly be indicated in the instructions for use of the drug.

In your case, you need to contact an otorhinolaryngologist to find out the cause of purulent discharge from the nose and start adequate treatment.

I decided to buy levomycetin eye drops, but the instructions for use do not contain information about interactions with other drugs. I am a seriously ill person and have to constantly take medication, how compatible are Levomycetin 0.25 eye drops with other drugs?

It is better to take levomycetin 0.25 eye drops on the recommendation and under the supervision of a specialist doctor, who should be informed in advance about all the medicines you are taking.

So, for example, if you suffer from anemia and take iron supplements, folic acid and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12), then these drugs will reduce the effect of chloramphenicol eye drops. Antibiotics erythromycin and lincosamides (lincomycin, clindamycin) also show antagonism to chloramphenicol.

But antibacterial agents from the group of sulfonamides (etazol, norsulfazol, sulfadimezin, sulfadimethoxin, sulfalene, etc.) and aminoglycoside antibiotics (streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, etc.) potentiate the toxic effects of the active substance of chloramphenicol eye drops and therefore together are not assigned.

Levomycetin eye drops are strictly contraindicated in patients with peptic ulcer who constantly use the acid-reducing agent cimetidine, as well as in patients who have undergone a course of cytostatic therapy. In such cases, the use of chloramphenicol is fraught with the development of aplastic anemia.

The combined use of levomycetin eye drops with medical substances containing barbiturates (for example, phenobarbital sleeping pills, Valocordin "heart" drops) leads to an increase in the sedative (calming) effect of barbiturates and a weakening of the therapeutic effect of chloramphenicol.

Eye drops Tobrex (tobramycin): instructions, price, reviews

The active ingredient in Tobrex eye drops is a third-generation aminoglycoside, tobramycin. It is a close relative of the more well-known aminoglycoside antibiotics - streptomycin (first generation aminoglycosides) and gentamicin (second generation).

It should be noted that streptomycin was one of the first antibiotics discovered by mankind (more precisely, the second after penicillin). In the early days of the antibiotic era, powerful antimicrobials were often prescribed indiscriminately, and as a result, physicians were quickly confronted with the emergence of strains of pathogens resistant to antibiotic therapy.

Scientists were forced to constantly synthesize new generations of aminoglycosides. Thus, the second-generation antibiotic gentamicin acts on many strains of microbes resistant to streptomycin, and tobramycin, which is the newest antibiotic, also acts on strains resistant to gentamicin.

However, like other aminoglycoside antibiotics, tobramycin is not a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is powerless against many types of bacterial flora, as well as against viruses and protozoa.

In addition, like all antibiotics, Tobrex is contraindicated in allergic and fungal conjunctivitis, and is absolutely useless in the so-called secondary inflammatory processes associated with the pathology of the organ of vision or with general diseases of the body.

Therefore, an ophthalmologist should prescribe Tobrex eye drops after a pre-established diagnosis.

Eye drops Tobrex: instructions for use

Medical indications: Tobrex eye drops are intended for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory eye lesions caused by bacterial flora sensitive to aminoglycosides (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, dacryocystitis (inflammation of the lacrimal gland), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), uveitis (inflammation of the vascular membrane of the eye)).

In addition, Tobrex is widely used in ophthalmic practice for the prevention of postoperative and post-traumatic purulent complications.

Contraindications to the use of Tobrex eye drops:

• idiosyncrasy (hypersensitivity to the drug);
• inflammation of the auditory nerve;
• gross violations of kidney function;
• myasthenia gravis (severe muscle damage caused by autoimmune aggression).

Possible negative side effects of Tobrex eye drops:

• Nephrotoxicity. With sufficiently long-term use, Tobrex negatively affects kidney function, which is manifested by such symptoms of kidney failure as headache, nausea and vomiting. Such disturbances are usually completely reversible.
• Vestibular disorders and damage to the organ of hearing are manifested by dizziness, loss of balance, hearing loss.
• local reactions. Burning in the eye, lacrimation, redness of the conjunctiva, swelling of the eyelids.

The combination of Tobrex eye drops with other antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group, as well as with the antibiotic vancomycin, mutually enhances nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (detrimental effect on the auditory nerve). In addition, with such an unfavorable combination, there is a risk of developing disorders of mineral metabolism and hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).

The general toxicity of the active substance of Tobrex eye drops increases when combined with antibiotics from the cephalosporin group, antibiotics polymyxin B and colistin, as well as in combination with the diuretic furosemide.

Antibiotics erythromycin and levomycetin are pharmacologically incompatible with tobramycin, therefore these antimicrobial agents are not used together with Tobrex eye drops.

In addition, Tobrex eye drops are not prescribed together with anesthetics and neuromuscular blockers, since tobramycin potentiates the effects of the latter by inhibiting neuromuscular transmission.

In severe infections, combinations of tobramycin or other aminoglycosides with sulfonamides (etazol, sodium sulfacyl, sulfadimethoxin, etc.), fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, etc.) and fusidic acid are used. Therefore, if necessary, Tobrex eye drops can be successfully combined with the above antimicrobial agents.

Special instructions. The elderly or senile age of the patient requires caution when prescribing Tobrex eye drops, since with the aging of the body there is a physiological decrease in kidney function.

Storage conditions and shelf life. Tobrex eye drops are stored in a dark, cool place out of the reach of children and animals. An open bottle should not be stored for more than one month.

How much does it cost to buy Tobrex children's eye drops?

Tobrex eye drops are produced without age differences, for children they use the same form of release as for adults: a 5 ml bottle containing a 0.3% solution of the antibiotic tobramycin.

Is there a separate instruction for the use of Tobrex eye drops in children?

For young children, Tobrex eye drops are prescribed with caution due to the pronounced toxic effect of the drug on the kidneys and auditory nerve.

There is no separate instruction for the use of Tobrex for children. The dosage regimen and the duration of the course of taking the drug are determined by the pediatric ophthalmologist, focusing on the age of the child, the presence of concomitant diseases and the severity of the infectious process.

Are Tobrex eye drops available for newborns?

Such a dosage form as "Tobrex Eye Drops for Newborns" does not exist. "Adult" Tobrex to newborns, that is, children of the first four weeks of life, they try not to prescribe, in view of the high risk of developing extremely unpleasant complications.

Can Tobrex 2X eye drops be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding?

No. All preparations containing tobramycin are contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.

What are the analogues of the medical preparation eye drops Tobrex? Is the price of similar drugs very different?

Analogues of the medical preparation Tobrex include eye drops:

• Tobrex 2x;
• Tobropt;
• Tobracin ADS;
• Tobramycin Gobbi;
• Bramitob;
• Dilaterol;
• Brulamycin;
• Nebtsin.

The most popular are Tobrex and Tobrex 2X eye drops. The drug Tobrex 2X contains xanthone gum as an auxiliary substance, which allows you to maintain the concentration of tobramycin in the conjunctiva for a longer period. Unlike Tobrex, Tobrex 2X is not a liquid, but a viscous substance - a gel, this is due precisely to the above-mentioned effect.

Patient reviews of Tobrex eye drops (brief analysis)

Most reviews about Tobrex eye drops are positive, patients note a quick effect (clearing the eye of pus, eliminating pain and inflammation). This is not surprising, since the antibiotic tobramycin belongs to bactericidal drugs, which, unlike bacteriostatic agents, not only inhibit the growth of microorganisms, but completely destroy them.

Negative reviews are mainly represented by complaints of allergic reactions (swelling of the eyelids, nasal congestion, lacrimation, burning in the eyes) following the administration of the drug.

Many reviews indicate the uncontrolled use of the drug without the advice of a doctor, which is absolutely unacceptable. One patient complained that Tobrex did not help him in combination with sodium sulfacyl and ophthalmoferon. Alas, this is a sad result of the uncontrolled use of antimicrobial agents.

The doctor prescribed a standard combination that works against most bacteria and many viruses, and now he will puzzle over what to prescribe to a patient to destroy a persistent chronic infection that has developed “immunity” to antimicrobial agents.

Eye drops Taufon (taurine): instructions, analogues, price, reviews

Taufon eye drops are a 4% solution of the amino acid taurine, produced in glass or polyethylene bottles of 5 and 10 ml. In addition, the drug is sold in special 1 ml tubes convenient for instillation (10 dropper tubes in one package).

The amino acid taurine, the active ingredient in Taufon eye drops, is a natural component of the human body. At the same time, the predominant majority of taurine is synthesized from the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, and a small part comes from food products.

It should be noted that in animal tissues, taurine is contained in fairly low concentrations - mainly in bile. At one time, this amino acid was isolated from the bile of a bull, in honor of which it got its name ( taurus means bull in Latin).

In the human body, taurine is also part of the bile acids, which play an important role in the digestion process. In addition, taurine has a beneficial effect on intracellular metabolism, helping to restore damaged cell membranes, and inhibits pathological impulses in the nervous tissue, preventing convulsive seizures.

Eye drops Taufon (taurine) as a cure for cataracts and not only

The use of taurine in medicine is mainly due to its beneficial effect on the tissues of the organ of vision. With local subconjunctival administration, taurine has the following effects:

• reparative (promotes the restoration of damaged cells);
• metabolic (improves metabolism in the tissues of the eye);
• anti-cataract (protects the lens of the eye from clouding).

• pathology of the cornea (trauma, dystrophic processes);
• pathology of the lens (cataract);
• glaucoma (a decrease in intraocular pressure occurs mainly due to the improvement of metabolic processes in the affected eye, so taufon is used in combination with other drugs in this pathology);
• damage to the retinal receptors that perceive visual objects.

The only contraindication to the use of Taufon (taurine) eye drops is individual sensitivity to the drug. A pathological reaction to the drug is manifested by burning in the eye, lacrimation, redness and swelling of the eye immediately after using eye drops.

Analogues of the medical preparation eye drops Taufon: instructions, price and reviews

The most popular eye drops, the active ingredient of which is the amino acid taurine, are known by the following names:

• Taufon;
• Taufon AKOS;
• Taurine;
• Taurine DIA;
• Taurine AKOS.

Then, for unknown reasons (evil tongues talk about the desire of manufacturers to cash in on the "promoted" brand), the Taufon drug has risen many times in price, so that its cost today reaches 180 rubles per 10 ml bottle.

While the full analogue of Taurine or Taurine-dia can be purchased for only 12 rubles (5 ml). The price of a pack of Taurine dropper tubes is much higher (about 75 rubles for a pack of 10 1 ml tubes), but here you have to pay for the ease of use of the drug.

The instructions for use of all analogues of Taufon eye drops are identical, the number of positive and negative reviews is also quite comparable.

The use of the drug eye drops Taufon (Taurine). Brief instruction

Dosage regimen and duration of treatment courses:

• For senile, diabetic, traumatic and radiation cataracts, Taufon eye drops are used 1-2 drops 2-4 times a day. Three-month courses of treatment are carried out with an interval of one month.
• For injuries and dystrophies of the cornea, the drug is prescribed in the same dose. The course of treatment is one month.
• With dystrophic processes in the retina, Taufon is instilled once a day for 10 days. Courses are held twice a year.
• Open-angle glaucoma is treated in combination with timolol. At the same time, Taufon is instilled 1-2 drops twice a day half an hour before taking timolol.

Eye drops Taufon (Taurine) for children, pregnant women and nursing mothers

The active substance of Taufon eye drops crosses the placenta and into breast milk. Unfortunately, today medicine does not have enough reliable data on the effect of taurine on the course of pregnancy and fetal development. There is also no data on the effect of Taufon eye drops on the children's body.

Therefore, pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under the age of 18, should take Taufon eye drops only in cases where the possible benefits of using drops significantly outweigh the risks of using an insufficiently studied drug.

Reviews of patients about the medical preparation Taufon (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine AKOS)

Among the patient reviews about Taufon eye drops, positive ratings prevail. The disadvantages of the drug most often include an overpriced price and a short shelf life of the drug after opening the package.

Some patients complain of pain and burning in the eye immediately after instillation of the drug. There were no reviews indicating serious allergic reactions that required the withdrawal of Taufon eye drops.

As the analysis of reviews showed, many patients use Taufon and its analogues (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine AKOS) as a means of increasing the tolerance of contact lenses, relieving fatigue after prolonged work at the computer and improving vision.

It should be noted that taurine optimizes metabolic and energy processes in the cells of the eyeball, increases the ability of tissues to recover. However, the use of the drug must be combined with other rules for the prevention of pathology of the organ of vision (computer hygiene, professional selection of contact lenses and proper care for them).

It is by no means necessary to expect improvement in vision after taking Taufon eye drops in case of serious eye pathology. So if you notice a clear decrease in vision, it is best not to self-diagnose eye fatigue, but to seek help from a specialist.

Reviews of doctors about the medical preparation Taufon (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine AKOS)

Reviews of doctors about the medical drug Taufon indicate that the drug, as a rule, is well tolerated by patients and does not cause complaints.

Taufon eye drops (Taurine, Taurine Dia, Taurine Akos) in ophthalmic practice are most often prescribed as an adjuvant in a complex of other therapeutic measures and, according to experts, contribute to the overall result.

As for the treatment of cataracts, here the opinions of professionals are divided. Many ophthalmologists believe that Taufon eye drops, as well as other medications intended for the conservative treatment of this pathology, are not capable of having a serious effect and are only psychological preparation for surgery.

Other doctors defend the opposite point of view and argue that although Taufon eye drops are not able to completely heal from cataracts, they can significantly slow down the process, postponing the need for surgery for many years or even decades.

Question answer

In your particular case, Taufon eye drops are unlikely to help, contact an ophthalmologist to find out the cause of prolonged eye hyperemia. This symptom occurs in many serious pathologies - both local (conjunctival inflammation, hyperopia, myopia, increased intraocular pressure, etc.) and general (diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal tract lesions, Sjögren's syndrome, etc.), therefore seek qualified help.

My daughter, 7 years old, has a pronounced degree of myopia, the doctor recommended buying Taufon eye drops and conducting a monthly course of treatment. I bought Taurine Dia at a pharmacy (I was told that it is the same thing, but the price is several times lower). However, the instructions for the drug states that Taufon eye drops are not prescribed for children under 18 years of age. What does it mean?

Data on the effect of the active substance of Taufon eye drops on the developing child's body today is not enough to judge its complete safety.

Therefore, Taufon eye drops are prescribed to children in cases where the drug is able to bring tangible benefits that exceed the risk of using an insufficiently studied drug.

It should be noted that Taufon eye drops with myopia can have a positive effect only if they are prescribed in a complex of other therapeutic measures (gymnastics for the eyes, limiting the load on vision, treatment courses of drugs that relieve spasm of the ciliary muscle, twice a year hardware treatment in a hospital or clinic).

Emoksipin eye drops and their analogues. Instructions for use, price, reviews

Eye drops Emoksipin, like most medications, consists of active and excipients.

The active substance of the drug, which provides all its healing properties, is a 1% solution of methylethylpyridinol hydrochloride (international name methylethylpyridinol).

Methylethylpyridinol belongs to the category of so-called antioxidants - substances that protect cellular structures from aggressive oxidative radicals formed during vital processes.

When injected into the conjunctival cavity, the active substance of Emoxipin eye drops has the following effects:

• antioxidant;
• angioprotective (protects the walls of blood vessels from damage);
• antihypoxic (increases the resistance of tissues to a lack of oxygen);
• antiplatelet (prevents agglutination of erythrocytes in capillaries);
• retinoprotective (protects the retina from pathological effects).

Eye drops Emoksipin have the following indications for use:

• dystrophic processes in the cornea, choroid and retina;
• "eye" complications of diabetes;
• treatment and prevention of hemorrhages under the conjunctiva and inside the eyeball;
• complications of myopia;
• protection of the cornea when using contact lenses;
• treatment and prevention of retinal burns when exposed to high intensity light (laser and sunburns, laser coagulation);
• inflammation and corneal cornea;
• prevention of complications during surgical interventions on the organ of vision

The drug is contraindicated in case of increased individual sensitivity to the active substance or auxiliary components of the drug.

Brief instructions for the use of eye drops Emoksipin

Dosing regimen: Eye drops Emoksipin appoint 1-2 drops 2-3 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is determined by an ophthalmologist, focusing on the type of pathology and the severity of damage to the organ of vision (ranging from 3 to 180 days).

If necessary, conduct monthly courses of treatment with Emoxipin 2-3 times a year.

Side effects of Emoxipin eye drops: itching, burning or cramping may occur immediately after instillation of the drug. Local allergic reactions (redness of the eyes, swelling of the eyelids and bridge of the nose, lacrimation, nasal congestion) are extremely rare.

Additional instructions: Emoxipin eye drops should not be mixed with other drugs.
If it is necessary to use several types of eye drops at the same time, Emoxipin is instilled last, after waiting for the time necessary for the absorption of the previous drug (at least 15 minutes).

Are Emoxipin eye drops prescribed for children, women during pregnancy and lactation

Emoxipan eye drops are not prescribed for children under 18 years of age, as well as for women during pregnancy and lactation, since there are no reliable clinical data confirming its safety for these categories of patients.
It should be borne in mind that, being absorbed through the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva into the blood, emoxipin can have a systemic effect, in particular, reduce blood pressure, inhibit the ability of blood to coagulate, etc.

If you need to buy Emoxipin eye drops: price and analogues

The most common complete analogues (generics) of Emoxipin eye drops are the following drugs:

• Emoxy Optic
• Emoxybel
• Methylethylpyridonol-Escom
• Emoxipin-Akos

At the same time, the price depends not only on the name of the analogue, but also on the manufacturer, distributor and seller.