Antibiotic Ciprofloxacin: which group of antibiotics it belongs to, instructions for use, release forms, analogues. Pharmacological properties and indications for use. Cyflox - an antibiotic for the treatment of various infections and its analogues

Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic that has a wide spectrum of action. The drug belongs to the fluoroquinolones. Accordingly, ciprofloxacin has a pronounced antimicrobial activity. The mechanism of the drug is as follows: the antibiotic disrupts the process of division and synthesis of DNA in bacteria. This causes morphological changes and rapid death of the bacterium.

Ciprofloxacin has been used for many years. The drug was developed by Bayer in 1983. Already 4 years later, after passing clinical trials, the drug was approved for oral use in the form of tablets.

Common Applications

Ciprofloxacin is used for a number of different diseases. Often, an antibiotic is prescribed for bacterial infections, the causative agents of which are sensitive microorganisms. Ciprofloxacin is effective in the fight against staphylococci, mycoplasmas, legionella, chlamydia, mycobacteria, enterococci.

Ciprofloxacin is often used in the field of surgery. An antibiotic is often prescribed in the postoperative period. In addition, ciprofloxacin, in the form of tablets and injections, is used in the treatment of purulent skin diseases. The medicine can even help with sepsis.

For many years, ciprofloxacin has been quite successfully used in pulmonology. As a rule, it is referred to as second-line drugs. This means that ciprofloxacin is prescribed in cases where the use of other antibiotics has failed. In addition, the drug is used to treat severe infectious diseases that affect the respiratory tract.

Ciprofloxacin is effective for the treatment of lung abscess, pleurisy and pneumonia. For the treatment of the above diseases, the drug is used in injection form.

Other applications

Ciprofloxacin is also actively used in ENT diseases. For example, an antibiotic may be prescribed to treat sinusitis or chronic inflammation of the middle ear. In addition, ciprofloxacin is used for otitis media, which are difficult to treat. In this case, the course of taking the drug lasts several months.

Urology is another area in which ciprofloxacin is used. With the help of this antibiotic, such male diseases are treated. For example, the drug is used for cystitis, prostatitis, acute or chronic pyelonephritis. In turn, infectious disease specialists use ciprofloxacin to treat diseases such as dysentery and salmonellosis.

The drug is used to treat mixed infections (aerobic and anaerobic). However, in addition to ciprofloxacin, lincosamides or metronizadol are also prescribed. This is due to the fact that some pathogens of mixed infections have a certain resistance to the drug.

Ciprofloxacin is also used in dentistry. Sometimes, after the extraction of a tooth, an inflammatory process may follow. In this case, ciprofloxacin is prescribed. Also, the medication is prescribed after a tooth resection. The drug may be prescribed to relieve pain in periodontitis or osteomyelitis.

Dosage forms

Since ciprofloxacin has a wide range of applications, the drug is produced in various drug forms. Depending on the severity and location of the infection, the drug can be prescribed in the form of:

• tablets;
• ampoules;
• ear and eye drops;
• ointments.

Tablets are the most common form for ciprofloxacin. In this form, the medicine is easy to store, transport and use. This drug form is recommended for the treatment of intestinal diseases. After all, the drug in tablets provides quick access to the source of infection.

Ciprofloxacin ampoules are used for injection. The agent is administered in the amount of two hundred milligrams through a dropper. In the form of ampoules, ciprofloxacin is used for almost any infection with complications.

Ciprofloxacin drops are used when the focus of infection is located in the eye or ears. The drug is produced as a solution containing 0.3% of the active substance. The drops have a yellow tint and contain ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (3 grams).

An antibiotic in the form of an ointment is usually used to treat eye diseases. In small quantities, the medicine is placed under the lower eyelid several times a day. Also, the ointment is prescribed for the treatment of skin areas that have been affected by infection.

Ciprofloxacin. Instruction

The dosage of the drug depends on the disease and its severity. For example, for the treatment of urinary tract infections, ciprofloxacin is used in the form of tablets (0.25 - 0.5 grams twice a day). In more severe diseases, the dose is increased to 0.75 grams every 12 hours.

Sometimes there are severe cases when the patient is simply not able to take pills or their use is ineffective. Then ciprofloxacin is used as an injection.

Ampoules containing 1% of the active substance are diluted in a solution of sodium chloride or glucose.

The need to prescribe ciprofloxacin is determined by the attending physician. He, having assessed the severity of the disease and the location of the infection, determines the dosage and dosage form. The duration of the course also varies. The duration of treatment can vary from 10 days to a couple of months.

Contraindications

Ciprofloxacin, like most drugs, has certain contraindications. The drug is dangerous for children, pregnant women and lactating women. In addition, the drug should not be used until the age of 18. This is due to the fact that ciprofloxacin affects the formation of bone tissue. It is for this reason that the drug is not prescribed during intensive growth.

However, there are also exceptions. For example, a disease called cystic fibrosis, which is hereditary. This disease disrupts the production of secretions in the bronchi. Because of this, the patient suffers from persistent respiratory tract infections. In the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children, other antibiotics are ineffective. Therefore, the use of ciprofloxacin is a necessity.

Side effects

It is worth noting that ciprofloxacin can be called safe. The drug does not have a negative effect on the cells of an adult. And the structures that ciprofloxacin destroys are present only in bacteria. Therefore, the drug causes side effects in only 10% of cases.

These include gastrointestinal disorders (vomiting, diarrhea, etc.), headache, sleep problems, allergic reactions, etc. In rare cases, the number of lymphocytes or leukocytes in the blood may decrease.

Analogues

Ciprofloxacin has been popular for many years. This is due to the fact that the drug is incredibly effective. Most bacteria are not resistant to this antibiotic. In addition, ciprofloxacin is inexpensive and completely safe for adults. The popularity of the tool has led to the fact that in the modern market there are a huge number of analogues from various companies. Ciprofloxacin in pharmacies has more than 30 items. For example:

• citeral;
• Cyprosandosis;
• Ciprobay;
• Tsiprinol.

Ciprofloxacin has indirect analogues. These include antibiotics, which also belong to the group of fluoroquinolones, but at the same time belong to other generations. The difference between ciprofloxacin and other drugs of the fluoroquinol group lies in the sensitivity to different types of bacteria. It is worth noting that only the attending physician can replace ciprofloxacin with a drug of another generation.

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The attitude of people to antibiotics is very different due to the specifics of their action, but no one denies that the discovery of the remedy was a real breakthrough in medicine. Preparations of this type effectively fight most infectious diseases and purulent complications. The antibiotic Ciprofloxacin has become one of the most popular anti-inflammatory drugs of its kind. It is widely used by dentists for the treatment of ENT diseases, infectious inflammations of the internal organs of a person.

What is Ciprofloxacin

The action of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin is based on its ability to inhibit the enzyme bacterial cells (DNA gyrase) with impaired division, DNA synthesis, and the growth of microorganisms. According to the manufacturer, while taking the drug, resistance to other antibiotics that do not belong to the group of gyrase inhibitors is not developed. The drug is effective against infections that caused the following strains:

• staphylococci;
• chlamydia;
• legionella;
• mycoplasmas;
• enterococci;
• mycobacteria.

If a patient has a mixed infection (aerobic and anaerobic), metronidazole or lincosamides are prescribed in addition to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. This is due to the moderate sensitivity of such pathogens and some resistance to the drug. The following strains have resistance to the drug, which is formed gradually:

• nocardia asteroides;
• ureaplasma urealyticum;
• treponema pallidum;
• streptococcus faecium.

When using the drug, from 20 to 40 percent of the substance binds to plasma proteins. The agent is perfectly distributed in the tissues of the body through biological fluids. Sometimes the concentration of the drug exceeds the plasma. The drug is able to penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid through the placenta, into breast milk, a lot of the substance accumulates in the bile. In a natural way, up to 40% of the drug is excreted from the body in the first 24 hours by the kidneys, another part along with bile.

Release form

The antibiotic ciprofloxacin has a wide range of applications, therefore it is available in different forms. Based on the active substance (fluoroquinolone), there is an impressive list of analogues that have the following names: "Tsiprolet", "Tsipraz", "Cipralon", "Microflokos", "Cyproxin", "Tsiprobay", "Ificipro", "Ciprofan", " Ciproflox, etc. Based on the location of the infection, the severity of the following forms of medication can be prescribed:

• ointment;
• drops for eyes and ears;
• coated tablets;
• ampoules for injections;
• solution for infusion.

Tablets

The most popular form of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin is tablets. This is due to the convenience of storage, transportation and reception of funds. Unlike intramuscular or intravenous injections of the drug, the risk of complications is significantly lower. At the same time, tablets are not inferior in effectiveness to ampoules. It is preferable to use this form of medication for intestinal diseases, which will provide quick access to the treating substance to the site of infection. The shell of the drug is designed to protect gastric juice during absorption.

Drops eye and ear

Another popular form of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin is drops. It is used if the inflammatory or purulent process is in the eye or ears. Drops are produced in the form of a solution with 0.3% of the active substance. The agent has a yellow or yellow-green color, with the presence of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in the amount of 3 g. The drug is prescribed for the following diseases:

• blepharitis;
• corneal ulcer;
• chronic eye diseases;
• bacterial conjunctivitis;
• complications after ophthalmic surgery.

Solution for infusion

For intravenous injections of the drug, a solution for infusion is used. Outwardly, the remedy looks like a suspension that is prescribed to children for oral use. The solution has a clear, slightly green or yellow tint. The medication is administered to the patient with the help of a dropper for 30 minutes in the amount of 200 mg and 60 minutes - 400 mg. This method of drug administration is used in almost any type of infectious disease.

Ointment

This dosage form of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin is generally used in the treatment of eye diseases. It is applied in small amounts under the lower eyelid several times a day. In case of infectious skin lesions, the agent is applied 1 time to the affected area, 1 g each or in the form of a compression bandage. The duration of the drug is determined by the attending physician, based on the severity of the patient's condition, the extent of the lesion, the rate of tissue regeneration.

Ampoules for injections

For ease of storage of the drug, it is produced in the form of ampoules with a solution that is used for drip infusion or injections. The rate of the drug depends on the disease, for example, 200-400 mg is prescribed for people with damage to the bones and joints, urogenital infections, and damage to the upper respiratory tract. If the intra-abdominal region, respiratory tract, soft tissues of the skin are affected, a single dose is 400 mg.

Instructions for use

Infectious bacteria can infect almost any human organ. Due to this feature, antibiotic drugs are used in all areas of medicine by doctors of various specializations. Depending on the affected area and the localization of the infection, only the dosage form of the drug changes. The modern antibiotic ciprofloxacin in its annotation has a wide group of diseases, for which it should be prescribed:

1. Infectious diseases of the genitourinary system: salpingoophoritis, prostatitis, urethritis, cystitis, adnexitis, pyelonephritis.
2. Peritonitis.
3. Bone and skin lesions: erysipelas, furunculosis, arthritis, bedsores, osteomyelitis.
4. infectious diarrhea.
5. Sepsis.
6. Anthrax.
7. ENT organs and respiratory system: tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitis.
8. Infectious diseases of the organs of vision.

In dentistry

The need for an antibiotic is determined by the attending physician. An inflammatory, infectious process can cause damaged gums after tooth extraction. With ordinary toothache, the drug is prescribed in case of osteomyelitis or periodontitis. It is highly recommended to prescribe ciprofloxacin after resection. Often the remedy is used for flux for treatment at home. An antibiotic is used for infectious and purulent diseases in the form of tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 g. The dosage of the drug should be determined by a specialist on an individual basis.

With angina

The antibiotic ciprofloxacin actively fights most bacteria that can cause angina: meningococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae. The drug is effective even against strains resistant to tetracyclines, penicillins, aminoglycosides. With staphylococcus and streptococcus, the drug copes selectively, depending on the type of bacteria. Before prescribing the drug, sowing should be done to ensure the effectiveness of the use of the drug.

For the treatment of prostatitis

The inflammation that occurs with prostatitis is effectively treated with antibiotics. Often, the doctor prescribes taking ciprofloxacin-promed, which can be called the primary indication for getting rid of the problem. The drug is used in the treatment of acute, chronic prostatitis in men at any age. It is recommended to take the medication in complex therapy. The dosage during treatment is as follows:

1. In the chronic form of prostatitis, 125-750 mg is prescribed twice a day for 4-6 weeks.
2. In the acute form of bacterial prostatitis, 500 mg of the drug is prescribed 2 times a day for 2 weeks.

With cystitis

The unique antibacterial properties of ciprofloxacin make it possible to use the drug to combat any form of cystitis. This remedy will be the first thing the doctor will prescribe when drawing up a course of therapy. The dosage and method of application of the remedy will differ depending on the form of cystitis. In the form of tablets, according to the rules, the drug is taken on an empty stomach, washed down with a large amount of liquid. The duration of treatment, dosage depend on the severity of cystitis, as a rule, it is up to 10 days. The antibiotic is taken for another 2 days after the symptoms disappear.

ENT diseases

ENT organs are very susceptible to inflammatory processes. Because of this, the drug ciprofloxacin is effective in the treatment of such diseases. The appointment of the drug is permissible only after the appropriate tests have been carried out by a doctor. The drug acts on the infection, killing it. The dosage for ENT diseases depends on the infection, as a rule, the doctor prescribes ciprofloxacin in the form of tablets of 250 mg or 500 mg.

Contraindications and side effects

1. Do not take a child under 18 years of age, because the drug can affect the process of skeletal formation.
2. Diseases of tendons, ligaments.
3. During pregnancy, during breastfeeding.
4. Do not take if epileptic seizures occur.
5. In the presence of personal intolerance to the components of the drug.
6. Do not take concomitantly with tizandine.

Some patients are interested in whether it is possible to drink alcohol together with taking the drug. It should be understood that ciprofloxacin is a potent drug, so it is forbidden to combine it with alcohol. The interaction of the drug with strong drinks can lead to unpleasant side effects or a decrease in the effect of medicinal components, for example:

1. The drug and alcohol have a double toxic effect on the liver, destroying it.
2. The presence of alcohol in the blood increases the risk of side effects.
3. The drug enhances the effect of alcohol on the human condition, and the effectiveness of the drug is significantly reduced.

Doctors strongly recommend giving up alcohol not only during the course of therapy, but also for the next 2 days, so that the medication is completely eliminated from the body. The daily dosage of the drug is prescribed by the doctor based on the tests. There are situations in which overdose symptoms appear or side effects occur.

Overdose

• abdominal pain;
• dizziness;
• diarrhea;
• vomit;
• hand tremor;
• headache;
• hallucinations;
• convulsive activity;
• blood in the urine;
• hepatic, renal failure.

Side effects

• skin rash, itching;
• bloating;
• diarrhea, nausea, vomiting;
• sleep disturbance;
• double vision;
• intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• weakness;
• hepatitis;
• cardiopalmus;
• anemia;
• dizziness.

Video about the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin

The drug ciprofloxacin is an antimicrobial agent belonging to the group of second-generation fluoroquinolones. It is widely used in many countries. At different pharmacological firms, it is produced under its own name. Sometimes when a doctor prescribes this medicine, patients have a fair question whether ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic or not. It is used as an antibiotic, but in fact it is not, as it is a synthetic drug. And antibiotics are substances of natural origin or their chemical analogues. Therefore, naming fluoroquinolones in this way, we will remember that this is a convention.

How does ciprofloxacin work

A rather wide spectrum of action of the agent on microbes makes it possible to suppress the DNA gyrase of bacteria. DNA synthesis is disrupted, causing the bacteria to stop growing and dividing. The bacterial cell quickly dies.

The drug has a destructive effect on gram-negative organisms, both at rest and in division, as well as on gram-positive ones, but only at the time of division. For the human body, it has low toxicity, since its cells do not contain DNA gyrase.

Gram-negative include various enterobacteria, such as salmonella, klebsiella, E. coli and many other bacteria, which include, for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-positive bacteria include aerobic bacteria, including various staphylococci and streptococci.

The antibiotic effectively kills bacteria resistant to penicillins, tetracyclines, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. It also works well with respect to some intracellular pathogens, such as chlamydia, legionella, tubercle bacillus and diphtheria, and some others.

If staphylococci are resistant to methicillin, then they, for the most part, will be immune to ciprofloxacin. To suppress mycobacteria, pneumococci and enterococci, a large dosage is required. Ureaplasma, clostridia and some other microorganisms are resistant to the drug. It also does not act on the causative agent of syphilis, that is, pale treponema.

Immunity to the drug in bacteria develops rather slowly, since as a result of its action there are almost no surviving microorganisms and, moreover, there are no enzymes in their cells that help to neutralize the active substance.

The movement of drugs through the body

The antibiotic ciprofloxacin is well absorbed from the stomach and intestines if the drug was taken in tablet form. The best entry into the body comes mainly from the duodenum and jejunum. When eating, absorption slows down, but this does not change the effectiveness of the drug. The antibiotic is in the body up to 12 hours and by the end of this period its concentration drops to a minimum.

There is a good distribution in the tissues of the body, with the exception of those in which there are a large amount of fat. Concentration in tissues compared to plasma is much higher, from 2 to 12 times.

Tissues and fluids in which the drug is in a concentration sufficient to suppress pathogens:

• saliva;
• tonsils;
• intestines;
• gallbladder;
• bile;
• liver;
• kidneys;
• bladder;
• prostate;
• ovaries;
• uterus;
• fallopian tubes;
• seminal fluid;
• lung tissue;
• bronchial secret;
• endometrium;
• muscles;
• bone;
• articular cartilage;
• synovial fluid;
• leather;
• peritoneal fluid;
• bronchial secret;
• lymph;
• pleura;
• peritoneum;
• eye fluid.

Ciprofloxacin also crosses the placenta well. In the cerebrospinal fluid, its content is small. 15-30% of the total is broken down by the liver.

The amount of the drug contained in the body is halved when using tablets, after about 4 hours. With the intravenous route of use, this time increases to 5-6 hours. Chronic renal failure delays the elimination of ciprofloxacin up to 12 hours.
The drug is eliminated mainly through the kidneys and the appearance of it remains, for the most part, unchanged. During oral administration, it is somewhere around 40-50%, and with injections - 50-70%. Some part comes out in the form of split metabolites. After ingestion, they get 15%, and intravenous administration gives 10%. Everything else is removed through the gastrointestinal tract. A very small amount can pass into and out of breast milk. Chronic renal failure reduces the percentage of excretion of the drug, but it does not remain in the body, since the compensatory function begins to act, in which the breakdown into metabolites increases and, as a result, it is excreted with feces through the rectum.

Indications for use

Infections caused by bacteria sensitive to the drug.

Respiratory diseases:

• bronchitis (acute and chronic exacerbated);
• bronchiectasis;
• pneumonia;
• cystic fibrosis.

Infections affecting the ENT organs:

• otitis media;
• frontitis;
• sinusitis;
• tonsillitis;
• mastoiditis;
• sinusitis;
• pharyngitis.

Diseases of the urinary tract and kidneys:

• pyelonephritis;
• cystitis.

Diseases of the genital organs and small pelvis:

• adnexitis;
• prostatitis;
• salpingitis;
• endometritis;
• oophoritis;
• tubular abscess;
• pelvioperitonitis;
• chancroid;
• gonorrhea;
• chlamydia.

Infections occurring in the abdominal cavity:

• peritonitis;
• salmonellosis;
• cholera;
• yersiniosis;
• typhoid fever;
• shigellosis;
• campylobacteriosis;
• intraperitoneal abscesses.

Also, the drug is used for bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract.

Infectious diseases of soft tissues, skin:

• burns;
• wounds;
• phlegmon;
• abscesses;
• infected ulcers.

For joints and bones, the drug is also suitable:

• sepsis;
• septic arthritis;
• osteomyelitis.

If you have been treated with immunosuppressive agents, then bacterial infections may occur against this background, which are removed with ciprofloxacin. Perhaps its use in surgical interventions - for prevention. Anthrax (pulmonary form) can be cured with this remedy. Perhaps therapeutic use for children 5-17 years of age with complications caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the period of cystic fibrosis of the lungs.

Antibiotic ciprofloxacin - instructions for use

The use of antibiotics depends on the underlying disease. The drug is used without any reference to the time of the meal. Just every 12 hours you need to drink 500 mg, or, in other words, 2 times a day. If the course of the disease is mild, then the dose can be halved. The minimum course of treatment is 3 days, and the maximum is 2 weeks. The exception is the treatment of prostatitis. In this case, the period is 4 weeks.

Contraindications

The drug has some contraindications:

• allergy to constituents;
• pregnancy and lactation period;
• diseases of tendons and ligaments;
• when taken simultaneously with tizanidine;
• epileptic disorders.

It is also contraindicated in children under 18 years of age, as it can adversely affect the formation of the skeleton. It is used only if other means do not help, but this is an extreme case.

Overdose and possible side effects

If the amount of the drug enters the body more than the maximum permitted dosage, the following symptoms may appear:

• unnatural trembling of hands and feet;
• convulsions;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• soreness in the abdomen;
• diarrhea;
• gagging and vomiting;
• hallucinations;
• may begin to fail the kidneys or liver;
• blood appears in the urine.

In some cases, side effects may occur. For example, from the gastrointestinal tract it happens:

• nausea and later vomiting;
• dysbacteriosis with subsequent diarrhea;
• just a decrease in appetite;
• bloating.

There may be skin manifestations in the form of itching and rash, fungal infections on the mucous membranes of the mouth or vagina. If the processes in the liver are disturbed, then hepatitis occurs. There are disorders in the nervous system:

• headache;
• hallucinations;
• dizziness;
• trembling of the legs and arms;
• convulsions;
• sleep disturbances.

The organs of sense and vision begin to falter:

• double vision;
• violation of color perception;
• tinnitus or complete deafness (temporary).

From the hematopoietic and cardiovascular systems:

• anemia;
• an increased number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood;
• cardiopalmus.

There may be manifestations of muscle weakness, joint pain and inflammation.

Special remarks

It should be remembered that ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic, during which it is not recommended to engage in activities that require high attention, quick reactions of a mental or motor nature. During the treatment period, you should not stay in the area of ​​direct sunlight for a long time.

Source: grippe.com

Despite the fact that this drug is clearly recognized as an antibacterial, many patients question whether ciprofloxacin is considered an antibiotic or not. Meanwhile, the treatment of serious diseases requires the use of specific drugs, only in this case, the forecasts for recovery will be optimistic.

General information about the drug

In appearance, ciprofloxacin is a crystalline powder. It is usually pale or yellowish in color. Among its characteristic features, it is distinguished that it is practically insoluble in water and ethanol solutions. The classification of the drug will depend on the area under consideration:

1. Pharmacologically, it can be attributed to the group of quinols (or fluoroquinolones).
2. From the point of view of anatomical, therapeutic and chemical gradation, this is a group of antibacterial drugs that are suitable for systemic use (the same division is also accepted in the general international classification). His medical code is J01MA02.

Important! Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic with which it is possible to cure serious diseases. Ciprofloxacin itself, the instructions for use of which allow its use only to detect pathogenic microflora, affects enterobacteria, some gram-negative species and gram-positive aerobic ones. There are a number of intracellular pathogens that this medicine will help to eliminate. Moderate rates in some streptococcal stamps. But methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the majority are quite incredibly resistant to such a drug.

Why might such a description leave doubts that ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic? The problem may be in different forms of release. There is a tablet version, but the liquid analogue in drops is no less popular. The scope of each will depend on the indication.

Indications for use

The medicine is indicated for inflammatory diseases of an infectious nature. Usually they are caused by microorganisms that affect the following organs and systems:

• Airways;
• abdominal cavity;
• bones;
• joints;
• skin.

A similar remedy is prescribed for infections that affect the ENT organs. It is effective during the treatment of postoperative complications. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin also helps in preventive measures for those patients who have reduced immunity. There is one more point: the medicine is prescribed in case of local damage to the organs of vision. In this case, the antibiotic is available in the form of eye drops. Among these ailments:

• acute and subacute conjunctivitis;
• blepharoconjunctivitis;
• blepharitis;
• corneal ulcers (mainly of bacterial origin);
• meibomites;
• keratitis;
• foreign bodies in the eyes.

Preoperative prophylaxis is also based on taking such a medicine. Ciprofloxacin tablets have repeatedly provided significant assistance in the fight against diarrhea. For example, if a person does not have the opportunity to seek medical help (it happens on a hike) and severe diarrhea has begun. Moreover, a sign here will be a liquid and blood-containing stool, which lasts more than 3 days. In this case, the use of such antibiotics will be justified by WHO recommendations.

You will need to take this medicine for 3 days until the anxiety symptoms stop. As for the instructions for taking the medicine, children need to be careful (only extreme measures) because there are a number of contraindications.

Contraindications to taking drugs

In no case should the medicine be taken on its own, such a decision is unsafe. Without the advice of a specialist, such independence can result in serious complications.

Contraindications exist for pregnant women. The substance is able to pass through the placenta and affect the fetus. Some studies show negative effects. When breastfeeding, the drug is prohibited. The same applies to children under 15 years of age (with the exception of the extreme measures already given above). The following conditions must be taken into account:

1. Under special supervision, an antibiotic should be used when there is a history of kidney disease. In this case, the rate at which the blood will be cleared of creatinine will be monitored.
2. If the patient uses antacids that reduce the acidity of the stomach, it is better not to use ciprofloxacin. Such a situation may reduce its effectiveness.

It is quite possible to develop such side effects:

• skin rashes;
• swelling of the face;
• vomit;
• diarrhea;
• nausea and associated abdominal pain;
• anorexia;
• anxiety;
• changes in taste and smell perceptions.

During the course of ciprofloxacin, it is better to completely abandon work that is associated with concentration, because. there is a possibility that mental and motor reactions will be slowed down. It often happens that the patient increases sensitivity to sunlight.

3% of the total number of people taking this drug suffered from pancreatitis, but it resolved after stopping the use. The course of treatment with this antibiotic can be from 5 to 15 days. If a person is not able to take medicine in the form of tablets, then it is possible to administer the drug in the form of a short-term infusion.

The tablets themselves should be taken on an empty stomach. There is no need to focus on food intake. But drinking plenty of water, on the contrary, is recommended. It is necessary to avoid overdoses, and for this you need the supervision of a specialist. The doctor will definitely monitor the patient's condition. If the amount of medication taken still exceeds the norm, the doctor will prescribe a gastric lavage and a drink to remove toxins.

What should be the regimen for the use of ciprofloxacin? It all depends on the condition of the patient. For any disease, the dosage should be prescribed only by a specialist. This will give you the desired result.

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum drug aimed at combating many different pathogens of infectious diseases, it acts bactericidal. The drug is produced in Germany, but has many analogues. Ciprofloxacin is considered a second-generation fluoroquinol. The drug ciprofloxacin instructions for use can be used only after determining the type of pathogenic microflora

Pharmacological properties

The antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin has a broad spectrum of action similar to that of fluoroquinolones, but is more active. The drug is well absorbed, within two hours after application it enters the blood plasma, with intravenous administration - after half an hour. The drug is removed for about four hours. Penetrates into organs and tissues, quickly passes the blood-brain barrier. 40% of the drug is excreted in the urine on the first day after use in an unchanged state, a small part is excreted in the bile.

Indications for use

Indications for the use of ciprofloxacin are not much different from indications for the use of drugs such as pefloxacin, ofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones. The drug is prescribed for infections of the respiratory tract, bones and joints, soft tissues and skin, as well as for infections caused by salmonella, shigella; with meningitis, postoperative and gonococcal infections, sepsis and other purulent and inflammatory processes. With infections of the genitourinary system, the drug has a good effect due to the rapid penetration into the kidneys and prolonged release. The drug is used to treat infectious diseases in cancer patients.

Usually the course of treatment lasts 5-15 days.

With a severe course of an infectious disease and the inability to take the medicine in the form of tablets, the drug is administered intravenously as a short-term infusion (about half an hour).

During the course, you need to drink plenty of fluids. Tablets should be taken on an empty stomach, not focusing on food intake, this accelerates the absorption of the substance.

To avoid overdose, it is necessary to take the drug under the control of the patient's condition. In the event of an overdose, it is necessary to carry out a gastric lavage and establish an abundant flow of fluid into the human body.

Contraindications and side effects

The drug is contraindicated in epilepsy and hypersensitivity to quinolones; pregnant women and children. In kidney diseases, the drug is used under special control, monitoring the rate of blood purification from creatinine (the end product of nitrogen metabolism). Ciprofloxacin is not recommended to be taken in parallel with antaiids that reduce gastric acidity, which can significantly reduce the effectiveness of the drug.

During the use of the drug, skin rashes, itching may occur.

May develop:

• swelling of the vocal cords or face,
• anorexia,
• vomiting and diarrhea
• abdominal pain with nausea
• sense of anxiety,
• leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia.

There may be disturbances in the adequate perception of smell or taste. Throughout the course of treatment, it is advised to avoid work that requires increased concentration. Motor and mental reactions can be slowed down.

The use of the drug increases the sensitivity to sunlight.

The use of the drug during pregnancy and lactation, in childhood

Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women. The use of the drug during pregnancy is prescribed in exceptional cases of extreme necessity, since the drug passes through the placenta. The possible benefit from the use of the drug may be justified, regardless of the risk.

It is highly undesirable to use this drug for the treatment of children under 18 years of age, since the process of skeletal formation has not yet been completed.