Escherichia coli - symptoms and treatment. E. coli: features of the genome, causes of outbreaks of intestinal diseases, how bacteria acquire pathogenic properties - video. Treatment and diagnosis of Escherichia coli

With disorders digestive function Probably everyone has come across. , as well as general weakness and intoxication of the body can be caused by many factors, the most common of which is the ingestion of pathogenic microorganisms into the stomach and intestines.

Usually if we are talking about a gastric disorder, the symptoms of the disease are attributed to E. coli. What is this pathology and how to treat it, our article will tell.

Characteristics and structure

General definition coli includes more than one hundred strains of bacteria. They differ in structure and characteristics, many species live in the human intestine without causing any inconvenience.

Escherichia coli belong to the genus Escherichia and the Enterobacteriaceae family, they are highly resistant and adaptable to external conditions.

The main characteristics of these bacteria:

• The rod-shaped shape with rounded ends defines the name.
• Bacteria are gram-negative, as well as anaerobes, so they can develop without oxygen.
• The size of the sticks is 0.4-0.8 × 1-3 µm, the volume is about 0.-0.7 µm³.
• Some species are able to destroy other pathogenic strains.
• One type of E. coli called Mutaflor is used in medicine as a prebiotic.

E. coli are able to survive for several months in the external environment: soil, water and organic waste. They are also characterized by rapid reproduction in food products, especially meat and dairy products.

The ability to quickly reproduce and ease of cultivation makes many types of E. coli representatives of the model organism. This is the name of bacteria and viruses used in microbiological research.

Kinds

E. coli belong to pathogenic and opportunistic species of bacteria. Safe strains populate our intestines, participating in the process of digestion and synthesizing useful substances.

The volume of such flora varies from 10⁶ to 10⁸ CFU per gram of intestinal contents. Excess normal indicators leads to pathological conditions, and the entry of pathogenic strains of this bacterium into the intestine is fraught with serious consequences.

All pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli are classified into four groups, depending on characteristic features and diseases that provoke the vital activity of bacteria in the human body.

There are the following groups of pathogenic Escherichia coli:

• Enteropathogenic. This group of bacteria, as a rule, is found in children of the first year of life (more often immediately in the maternity hospital). The cause of infection can be diseases of the mother, as well as infection pathogenic microflora during the passage of the birth canal.
• Enterotoxigenic. This type of bacteria often causes traveler's disease. Transmitted via dirty hands, unwashed fruits and water.
• Enteroinvasive. Infection usually occurs in children. Bacteria are carried through unwashed hands, and the symptoms do not give a clear picture. Patients usually complain of abdominal pain of indistinct localization, liquid stool and gagging. The feces contain undigested pieces of food, mucus, and sometimes spotting.
• Enterohemorrhagic. One of the most dangerous bacteria of this kind. Violate normal structure blood cells, cause hemolytic anemia. The disease most often affects women, is characterized by great content mucus in the stool and a green tint.

All these bacteria provoke the occurrence of escherichiosis - a group of gastrointestinal diseases. According to statistics, women and children are more susceptible to such ailments.

Hemolyzing

Belongs to the type of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, is not normally present in the contents of the intestine. There are frequent cases of detection of this type of microflora in perfectly healthy patients.

However, being in the intestines favorable conditions can provoke fast growth bacteria, which leads to very threatening conditions for the patient.

Risk factors:

• Weakened immunity.
• Long-term antibiotic therapy.
• Hypothermia.
• Concomitant infectious disease.

Most often, the presence of this type of E. coli occurs in children. However, such a child may be prone to various manifestations. allergic reaction(diathesis), and is also prone to colds.

Typical symptoms:

• Green liquid stool.
• In newborns - frequent regurgitation.
• Stomach ache.

Tellingly, when infected with these strains of bacteria, body temperature almost never rises. This creates the illusion that the situation is not so dire, so most patients with this diagnosis seek medical assistance at advanced stages.

Severe damage to the body can lead to intoxication and even the development of thrombosis due to damage to blood cells and plasma.

Treatment usually involves the use of special drugs that help colonize the intestines with "good" bacteria. AT severe cases justified the use of antibiotics, which will reduce the number of pathogenic flora.

lactose-negative

A characteristic difference of this strain is the ability to survive even with the access of oxygen. The bacterium actively multiplies in any suitable environment, so it is often “introduced” into the body along with low-quality products.

This type of bacteria is found in the intestinal lumen of any person. They are classified as opportunistic and normal condition do not bring any discomfort, and even more so do not threaten the health of the patient. such a state becomes dangerous when the number of bacteria of this group begins to increase rapidly.

This situation can occur when the body is weakened after past illnesses, as well as when the same strain is ingested from the outside, for example, with food poisoning.

In this case, the following symptoms appear:

• Stomach ache.
• General weakness.
• Dizziness.
• Bloating.

AT childhood infection with this species can result in frequent and very foul-smelling stools. The kid becomes very restless, eats and sleeps badly, is naughty. The detected bacillus in the analysis of feces requires mandatory treatment.

How is the bacterium transmitted?

The routes of infection are mainly fecal-oral. Due to the high survival rate in external conditions, Escherichia coli is real threat, especially if the rules of personal hygiene, storage and processing of food products are not observed.

Incubation period

Usually, the first negative symptoms develop within a few hours after pathogenic bacteria enter the body.

If we are talking about, when the volume of seeded portions of food was significant, signs of infection appear after one and a half to two hours. Anyway maximum period between infection and first negative symptoms is five days.

Signs of Escherichia coli

Different strains are characterized by the appearance of symptoms of different intensity. Usually these are abdominal pains, bouts of vomiting and diarrhea.

Due to the fact that the body loses a lot of fluid, dehydration and poisoning with decay products (intoxication) develop. Depending on the color of the stool, the frequency of emptying and the presence of additional features, infection with pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli can be suspected.

Symptoms in children and newborns

At birth, a child has a sterile intestine, which begins to be actively populated by microflora. E. coli of harmless species appears in a newborn already on the second day after birth.

The microorganism enters along with mother's milk, from contacting persons and the external environment. Normal values ​​correspond to a volume of 10⁶ - 10⁸ CFU / g and persist throughout life. Excess is fraught intestinal disorders and other unpleasant (in some cases even threatening) symptoms.

Signs of infection with pathogenic strains in children:

• Liquid stool.
• Profuse vomiting.
• Change in stool color to yellow or greenish.
• The presence of undigested pieces of food in the stool.
• Increase in body temperature.
• General dehydration and intoxication of the body.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• General weakness.
• Headache and dizziness.

For older children, infection with E. coli from the outside is characteristic. Such ailments are often referred to as "dirty hands disease". The route of transmission is usually fecal-oral. Pathogenic species of Escherichia coli can be introduced into the body along with stitched or stored in adverse conditions food, unwashed fruits and vegetables.

During pregnancy

Especially dangerous is infection with pathogenic strains during the period of bearing a child. Exceeding the normal volume of these bacteria is fraught with the development urinary infections, which is extremely dangerous for the normal course of pregnancy.

In addition, vomiting can cause uterine contractions and preterm labor. You should also not forget about possible intoxication body and rapid dehydration.

That is why, if infection with pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli is suspected, a pregnant patient must be admitted to a hospital, where there will be strict medical control over the mother's health. Self-medication and use folk remedies fraught with serious consequences and a threat to the life of the child and mother.

What is dangerous?

AT normal amount coli that live in our intestines are completely harmless and, on the contrary, bring great benefit for the body. However, getting into other organs or cavities, cause serious pathologies and diseases.

When are bacteria dangerous?

• In case of perforation of the intestinal cavity and the entry of bacteria into abdominal cavity, we are talking about a spill.
• When it enters the vagina, E. coli provokes the appearance of colpitis.
• In men, the development of acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis may also be associated with infection prostate intestinal bacteria.
• Virulent strains of this bacterium are also capable of causing gastroenteritis, newborns, and inflammatory diseases urinary system.

Exceeding normal levels of E. coli in the body can lead to such a condition as. it common name gastrointestinal pathologies caused by the vital activity of pathogenic strains of bacteria.

In addition, some types of Escherichia coli are capable of releasing toxins similar in composition and action to cholera. This type of infection accounts for a large percentage general morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped countries, where the level of personal hygiene is very low, and there is also a factor in the contamination of drinking water with sewage emissions.

Analyzes

Reveal bacterial nature diseases, as well as a separate strain of bacteria, special crops help. During this study, a laboratory sample (smear, feces or urine) is placed in a nutrient medium, achieving active growth and breeding.

After receiving reliable results about the type and volume of bacteria found, the tactics of drug treatment is chosen.

It should be borne in mind that for individual bacterial strains, different means. When unreliable results, or critical condition patient using antibiotics a wide range actions effective against gram-negative microorganisms.

How to treat?

One of the main features of this strain of bacteria is the rapid acquisition of resistance to antibacterial agents. That is why treatment must be carried out under medical supervision and in no case should the drug be canceled until negative culture results are obtained.

What is used in the treatment:

• Tablets and injections of antibacterial agents. good efficiency showed the use of a group of fluoroquinolones ("Ofloxacin", "Norfloxacin"). serious condition the patient involves the use of antibacterial agents from the group of cephalosporins ("Cefotaxime") and fluoroquinolones in conjunction with aminoglycosides.
• Treatment with bacteriophages was first developed 80 years ago by Soviet specialists. Bacteriophages are among the most studied type of viruses, specifically designed to infiltrate and destroy microorganisms.
• " " refers to antibacterial agents often used in childhood and during pregnancy.
• " " is also used in complex treatment bacterial infection.

Apart from antibiotic therapy, it is imperative to dehydrate the patient, and also use restorative means. After antibiotics, it is necessary to undergo a course of restoring the normal microflora of the stomach with the help of prebiotic preparations.

Nowadays, there are no people left who would not face the problem of intestinal infection. Unfortunately, most of us first encounter this disease face to face in early childhood. Despite all the precautions of parents and the protective properties of the child's body, the symptoms of an intestinal infection in children during the hot season occur as often as a runny nose and cough in winter. It doesn’t matter if the cause was dirty hands, a sip of poor-quality water, or a suspicious pie from a nearby store - the outcome is always the same: vomiting, diarrhea, fever and other symptoms of an intestinal infection in children.

The main task that is set for parents is to objectively assess the condition of a sick baby and promptly apply for medical care. In order to avoid severe complications disease, you need to know the symptoms of intestinal infection in children and how to provide first aid at home before the doctor arrives.

Where does an intestinal infection come from in a child?

Daily at children's body Millions of tiny alien organisms enter - viruses and bacteria that can cause many diseases infectious nature. However, this does not happen, thanks to the coordinated work immune system, which has no breaks and days off. Moreover, when entering harmful bacteria through gastrointestinal tract, along the way they meet saliva, which has bactericidal properties, gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid, as well as beneficial bacteria that protect the body from uninvited guests. In some situations, such a protection plan is not enough, which leads to the penetration of pathogens and the appearance of symptoms of an intestinal infection in crumbs. The reason for this may be the recent past illness, in the treatment of which antibiotics were used, which adversely affect normal microflora intestines, as well as a violation of the basic rules of nutrition - overeating and bad chewing food. In some situations, the number of microbes is so great that no immunity in the company of gastric juice and saliva are not able to protect the baby from such a disease.

Symptoms of intestinal infection in children depending on the causative agent of the disease.

An intestinal infection in a child can be caused not only pathogenic bacteria, but also viruses, protozoa and even fungi. Most often, the cause of the symptoms of an intestinal infection in a baby is salmonellosis, cholera, rotavirus, dysentery, typhoid fever, staph infection, botulism, enterococcus or poisoning with toxins that produce viruses and bacteria.

The most common symptoms of an intestinal infection in children are:

• Nausea
• Vomit
• Loss of appetite
• loose stool
• Increase in body temperature
• Flatulence
• Heartburn
• Feeling weakness, lethargy
• Drowsiness.

The presence of certain symptoms depends on the pathogen that provoked the onset of the disease.

If the infection is bacterial, symptoms of intestinal infection in children include fever up to 38°C, vomiting, changes in stools that become frequent, greenish tint, and may also contain an admixture of mucus and blood. In this case, the baby may complain of a feeling of discomfort in the abdomen. In such a situation, antibiotic therapy is indispensable. If speak about viral etiology symptoms, the most common pathogens are rotavirus and enteroviral infections. Concerning rotavirus infection, which is also called "intestinal flu", then its typical signs are a sudden onset, a rise in body temperature to febrile digits, repeated vomiting and frequent watery stools. Enteroviral The infection is quite difficult to diagnose, since its course may be accompanied by the presence of atypical symptoms for intestinal infections in children, namely, lacrimation, photophobia, muscle and headaches, convulsions, heart pain, etc.

The most dangerous symptoms of intestinal infection in children.

According to statistics, it is intestinal infection that is the main cause of death in children in the first year of life in almost 30% of cases. The problem lies in dehydration - the loss of body fluids and essential electrolytes, which is the result of repeated vomiting, diarrhea and fever. Within a few hours after the onset of the disease, in the absence of proper care and treatment, the baby's condition can become extremely difficult and require urgent resuscitation.

The main signs of dehydration in a child:

• a sharp decrease in body temperature;
• appearance: pointed facial features, sagging and grayness skin sunken eyes, weight loss;
• no urination in the last 6 hours;
• dry mouth intense thirst, loss of appetite;
• weakness, confusion, fainting;
• with severe dehydration - sinking of the fontanel.

If any of these symptoms appear, call immediately ambulance, to avoid terrible consequences dehydration.

What to do if there are symptoms of an intestinal infection in a child?

As a rule, an intestinal infection always provokes a rise in body temperature. For children under one year old, a temperature rise above 38 ° C is considered dangerous, for babies older than 1 year - above 39 ° C. If the temperature has not yet reached a critical point, you can try lower it without use medicines. Undress the child and begin to wipe the exposed areas of the body with a towel dipped in water room temperature. If this method does not help, you can give the baby an antipyretic based on paracetamol or ibuprofen.("Panadol", "Nurofen", "Efferalgan", "Tsefekon "). When vomiting, it is better to put a rectal suppository with an antipyretic on the crumbs, and for diarrhea, on the contrary, use the medicine in the form of syrup.

With any intestinal infection, the pathogen produces toxins. Enterosorbents can help get rid of them- Group medicinal substances that bind toxins and remove them from the body. Such drugs include Atoxil", "Smecta", "Enterosgel ”, “Laktofiltrum” etc.

The main task for parents before the arrival of a doctor is the prevention of dehydration in crumbs. If there are no special medicines in the house, you can start to solder the baby with black tea with sugar, rice water, salted boiled water, or a decoction of raisins. These solutions can replenish and retain fluid in the body, but it is impossible to restore the water and electrolyte balance with their help. To do this, you will need special solutions that are sold in every pharmacy - " Oralit", "Rehydron", "Glyukosan" and others.

It is necessary to solder the child in small portions, even if he is thirsty, and he is ready to drink all the offered liquid at a time. Plentiful drink can provoke another bout of vomiting and further aggravate the condition. Children under one year old are given 1 teaspoon of the solution at a time, 2 teaspoons - for children aged 1 to three years and 1 dessert spoon - for children over three years old, every 5-10 minutes, so that the daily volume fluid intake was 100 ml/kg body weight. If soldering is ineffective, prescribe infusion therapy saline solutions in a hospital setting.

IMPORTANT!

Do not self-medicate! Be sure to check with your doctor before giving your child any medication.

With extreme caution should be given to the baby antiemetics

Rotavirus infection is recognized as one of the most common in children. According to various sources, it is she who is “guilty” in 20–75% of all cases. acute diarrhea in children. Cases of the disease are recorded throughout the year, but their the largest number celebrated from December to March. And to prepare for this dangerous period You need to start thinking about getting vaccinated now.

Rotavirus: where to expect?

Human rotavirus belongs to the genus Rotavirus of the Reoviridae family. The name comes from Latin word rota - "wheel", and it resembles a virus particle in an electron microscopic examination. The enemy is very stable: he feels fine in drinking water and open water bodies sewage lives for several months, on leaves and grass - up to one, resistant to freezing and action disinfectants, but dies on boiling.

Note. There are no drugs that kill him either. Therefore, to resist rotavirus infection with frequent washing hands, wet cleaning, regular ventilation and medical preparations impossible.

You are infected with rotavirus: who is to blame?

People of any age can become infected, but children between 6 months and 3 years of age are most commonly affected. The spread of the virus occurs primarily through the fecal-oral route. by airborne droplets, as well as through dirty hands, toys, poorly washed products, through water (river, well, water).

Sources of rotavirus infection are patients and virus carriers. Rotavirus is very easily transmitted from person to person. The patient excretes it in environment from the first to the seventh day of illness. In some children, this process is delayed up to 1 month or more. The main transmission mechanism is through water, cough, food, dirty hands and household items. Children often become infected from mothers or peers.

Note. It is believed that every child in the world under the age of five suffers at least two episodes of rotavirus gastroenteritis. After recovery, short-term immunity is developed.

What happens when you get infected with rotavirus?

The incubation period for rotavirus infection ranges from 15 hours to 3-5 days, on average from a day to one and a half. Nausea, severe and frequent vomiting, diarrhea, runny nose, intoxication, heat- all this may indicate that the baby fell ill with a rotavirus infection. But the very first and main symptom intestinal flu is diarrhea, or, as experts say, diarrhea. Rotaviruses directly infect the epithelium lining the intestine and penetrate the villi that grow on its surface. As a result, enzymes that break down carbohydrates, and primarily lactose, cease to function, which leads to a condition similar to lactase deficiency, namely, to diarrhea. The accumulation of undigested products leads to increased pressure in the colon and impaired absorption of water. The body is dehydrated, and the baby is in danger.

Note. With a rotavirus infection, a baby has loose stools 4-8 times a day, yellow or yellow-green in color, sometimes with a small amount of mucus. On the second or third day, the feces become gray-yellow.

There are options

The disease has two origins:

• acute, when all symptoms appear on the first day of illness;
• subacute, symptoms do not appear immediately: first they go fever body and diarrhea, or vomiting and diarrhea, the rest join on the 2-3rd day.

In most small patients, initial period disease symptoms are determined respiratory tract- moderate swelling of the throat, nasal congestion. Symptoms of intoxication are moderate and manifest as lethargy, weakness, loss of appetite, pallor. Body temperature, as a rule, is not higher than 38.5 °C. Vomiting lasts 1-2 days, diarrhea does not exceed 5-7 days. May be spontaneous, moderately expressed, cramping pains in the abdomen without a clear localization and rumbling in the colon. Flatulence is rarely noted.

Note. Of course, it is impossible to predict in advance which of the children will have a severe rotavirus infection, and who will be more lucky and will be able to avoid the consequences. A typical complication of rotavirus infection is lactase deficiency and partial or complete intolerance milk sugar. With rotavirus infection, whole milk is contraindicated.

How and where to treat when infected with rotavirus?

In the absence of complications - at home. Although immediately efforts must be made to protect other family members from the disease. Some adults take this disease very hard, not everyone has protective antibodies to rotavirus. The main thing is to stop diarrhea, which leads to dehydration, which, in turn, threatens the life of the baby. To replenish the lost fluid, an acid-alkaline drink in small doses is required. Warm baths are also recommended, because water is well absorbed through the skin. At severe vomiting and diarrhea, it is advised to put the child in the bath for 15-20 minutes at least three times a day. If the baby does not have the strength for a bath, then at least pour it from the shower. When the baby is dehydrated, his skin will become dry, inelastic; eyes will sink, facial features will sharpen. There will be dizziness, thirst, dry mouth. Rotavirus treatment is always accompanied strict diet, which is based on dairy products, liquid cereals on the water, white crackers and strong unsweetened tea. But from whole milk will have to be completely abandoned: it is contraindicated in rotavirus infection.

Note. Treatment stomach flu and other intestinal infections bacterial origin(dysentery, salmonellosis) or poisoning are different from each other. Therefore, without an experienced doctor can't get by.

The best defense is an attack

by the most in an efficient way in the fight against rotavirus is vaccination. Since 2006, it has been made in many countries around the world. In October 2012, a vaccine was registered in our country, and now its inclusion in the National calendar vaccination. Until this happens, you can carry out the procedure on a paid basis.

For full course you need to give the crumbs three doses at intervals of a month and a half. The agent is administered from a special dispenser orally (through the mouth). According to different medical research, 4-5 out of 100 vaccinated babies may develop common post-vaccination reactions in the form of an increase in temperature up to 38 ° C and malaise.

Note. According to statistics, 90% of babies vaccinated against rotavirus develop quite quickly defensive reaction and morbidity is significantly reduced.

• Do not give your child enzymes that improve digestion, they will only increase diarrhea.
• Drugs for diarrhea are strictly prohibited. If they enter the body, then the toxins accumulated in feces will cease to be excreted from the body.
• If vomiting is severe, do not give too much liquid at once (more than 10 ml for children under 1 year old, more than 40-50 ml for older babies), even if the baby is very thirsty. This can cause a new bout of vomiting and lead to even more dehydration.
• Do not give a sick child juices and compotes, only water or tea.

It is a fact

There is quite fast way diagnostics is a rapid test. It can be bought at a pharmacy, it is inexpensive and easy to use, just read the instructions and follow it. Other methods of diagnosing intestinal flu are much more difficult. The most reliable is the method of electron microscopy, counter immunoelectrophoresis, PCR. They are used only in specialized clinics.

When registering with antenatal clinic during pregnancy, the gynecologist must prescribe a lot various analyzes. They are also carried out in the third trimester, closer to childbirth. This measure makes it possible to identify hidden infections, respectively, in time to prescribe their treatment.

Urine and smear tests can determine the presence of infections caused by pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms including E. coli. These types of microbes can cause irreparable harm to the fetus and the expectant mother. It is very important to undergo examinations and examinations on time. This will protect yourself and your unborn child from danger.

Where does E. coli come from in the body?

This bacterium belongs to opportunistic pathogens. It is always present in the intestinal microflora, helps to synthesize vitamin K and prevent the development of pathogenic flora.

However, her certain types cause poisoning, colibacillosis and intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis. Some varieties are striking genitourinary system, provoking cystitis, colpitis, mastitis, peritonitis, pneumonia and even sepsis.

The defeat of pathogenic intestinal microbes occurs mainly due to pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular the pancreas and intestines, after taking antibiotics. Infection with pathogenic strains occurs mainly by the fecal-oral route.

We will talk about the reasons for the appearance of E. coli in the urine and smear below.

E. coli found during pregnancy

The immune defense of the body during the period of bearing a child is significantly reduced, so infections often occur. different kind. These can lead to premature birth or the outflow of amniotic fluid, which in turn will provoke infection of the baby. In addition, he may develop diseases that will affect the appearance and health. Some of these ailments are incompatible with life.

E. coli in the cervical canal can enter the placenta, then into the blood of the fetus, leading to meningitis. And when it enters the urinary canal, it moves deeper, causing inflammation. Bladder. This leads to an even greater decrease in immunity, as a result of which a woman becomes more vulnerable to other diseases.

E. coli found in urine during pregnancy

A general analysis of urine reveals inflammation. That is why it must be taken regularly throughout the entire gestation period. If the results confirm the presence of pathology, the woman is sent for bacterial analysis urine for flora (bakposev) in order to identify the causative agent of inflammation, determine its sensitivity to antibiotics and, accordingly, prescribe the correct treatment.

It is worth noting that the infection could enter the body before conception. It happens that she does not show herself in any way. A woman may not be aware of the presence of pathology. There is also such a problem as improper sampling of material for research.

Where does E. coli appear in the urine:

1. bad intimate hygiene, for example, when washing anus to the vagina
2. Anal-vaginal intercourse;
3. Regular wearing of thong panties;
4. Intensive growth of the uterus.

E. coli found in a smear during pregnancy

If the natural microflora of the vagina is disturbed, it means that there are also pathological changes. Therefore, treatment is always complex. It should be noted that inflammation caused by pathogenic microorganisms is accompanied by abundant vaginal discharge With bad smell, itching and burning of the external genitalia, as well as pain during sexual intercourse.

E. coli in bakposev from the cervical canal during pregnancy

Bacterial seeding allows you to identify the culture of the causative agent of inflammation, i.e., accurately identify it. With the help of this analysis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, enterobacteria, fungi, etc. are detected in the cervical canal.

Bacterial examination is not paramount, that is, it is preceded by a standard smear for sterility, which shows the concentration of leukocytes. If there are quite a lot of the latter in the area of ​​the cervix, then bakposev is necessary.

The reason for the increase in the concentration of leukocytes are inflammatory diseases in the pelvic organs: adnexitis, endometritis, cervicitis, etc.

Sexually transmitted infections can provoke inflammation. They can also be identified using this material collection technology, but laboratory diagnostics is different.

How is urine and E. coli smear taken?

Bacteriological culture

During the collection of material from cervical canal a probe is inserted into it ½ - 1 ½ cm deep. The procedure does not affect the course of pregnancy in any way, since the cervix is ​​​​quite long.

Special preparation for the analysis of E. coli is not required. It is recommended that at least 2 weeks before the date of the study, stop taking topical antibiotics and systemic action. You also can't douche. Before the analysis, it is not recommended to urinate. Results usually become known in 2-3 days.

Analysis of urine

It is recommended to collect urine in special sterile containers, which are sold in any pharmacy. Collect material in the morning, immediately after waking up. It must be handed over no later than 2 hours after collection. Before the procedure, they are thoroughly washed, it is better to close the vagina with a special swab. The jar for analysis is opened just before collection. The analysis requires an average portion of urine. During the procedure, fingers should not touch top edge banks.

The rate of Escherichia coli in the urine and treatment during pregnancy

Normally, the indicators do not exceed 105 sticks in 1 ml of urine. At the same time, an increase in its concentration does not always indicate pathology, because the reasons may be hidden in the banal incorrect collection of material for research.

If there are symptoms indicating inflammatory process, then the rate is reduced to 104 sticks in 1 ml. At the same time, the concentration of leukocytes is also taken into account.

For example, with an exacerbation of cystitis, an increase in temperature and the presence of other symptoms, the number of sticks is at least 102.

As for treatment, many women refuse therapy or are very afraid of it. This is because medical preparations can harm the baby, but it must be borne in mind that a neglected infection is much more dangerous and can lead to its intrauterine death. In addition, many drugs have been developed that are approved in minimum doses during the gestation period.

The gynecologist will definitely weigh all the risks. Accordingly, the safest drug is always taken.

The only way to get rid of E. coli is by taking antibiotics. It can be amoxicillin, cefotoxime or penicillin. Also, the doctor may prescribe furagin, which is allowed for the entire gestation period, except for the last 4 weeks.

Almost weekly, news feeds report that the sanitary and epidemiological station detects E. coli in products. It is especially frightening when this happens in schools or kindergartens - a dangerous pathogen is also often found here in food and ready meals. Namely, children are the most difficult to tolerate poisoning. How does E. coli get into food? How does this threaten human health?