Inflammation of the cervix - causes, symptoms and treatment. How does inflammation of the cervix manifest itself, should it be treated? Signs and symptoms of erysipelas in the erythematous-hemorrhagic form of the disease. Typical symptoms of erysipelas on the arm

A skin abscess is an intradermal inflammatory process caused by bacterial flora, most often a combination of various microorganisms. Purulent fusion affects the hair follicle, sweat and sebaceous glands next to it, the surrounding connective tissue. At the same time, it is clearly delimited from healthy structures by a capsule, not having a tendency to spread to the sides, causing deterioration general condition a person when the products of inflammation and pyogenic flora enter the bloodstream. Most often, an abscess develops on the scalp, armpits, neck, lower extremities, the area around the anus, and in women also on the labia majora.

Attempts to treat a skin abscess in its initial stages can be made at home. But this is possible if the purulent cavity is not located on the face or neck. With such localization, as well as in violation of the general condition of a person or the presence of diseases such as diabetes mellitus or various types of immunodeficiencies, treatment is carried out in a surgical hospital.

How does a skin abscess appear?

To imagine the processes that lead to disease, consider the structure of the skin.

The integumentary tissue of a person is a two-layer organ. Above is the epidermis - a series of cells that protect against microbes, thermal and chemical damage. The bottom layer is the dermis.

In the lower layer of the dermis, on the border of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, lie hair follicles formed by connective tissue and blood capillaries. They give rise to hair roots that pass through the dermis and epidermis, protruding outward as hair shafts. In the place where the root passes into the shaft, 2-3 sebaceous glands. The mouth opens near the exit point of the hair to the surface. sweat gland. All this glandular tissue works to form a protective film on the surface of the skin.

In the light of this knowledge, a skin abscess - what is it? This is a purulent inflammation that develops immediately in a large volume of tissues, which affects both the follicle, the sebaceous glands, and the nearby sweat gland. A similar process develops in stages:

In places where the integrity of the skin is broken, bacterial flora enters. A focus of inflammation is formed around this place, accompanied by swelling and redness, as a result, a hill appears around the follicle.
In the infected area, the influx of lymph and tissue fluid increases. These fluids try to clear the site of infection.
The immune system is activated, which tries to simultaneously kill bacteria and delimit the focus of inflammation from healthy tissues. As a result, pus is formed - a mixture of leukocytes and other immune cells, dead bacteria, and proteins.
Increasing in volume, this content increases interstitial pressure, and when it reaches a critical value, the abscess breaks. At this stage, complications associated with the ingress of foreign proteins and infection into the blood can develop.
After opening the abscess, a crater remains, which is gradually tightened. If purulent inflammation has penetrated into the layers lying below the skin, a scar forms as a result of healing.

Why does skin purulent inflammation develop

A skin abscess develops as a result of pathogenic microorganisms entering the skin tissues. This happens due to trauma, friction or severe contamination of the skin. Especially often this situation in men occurs when shaving the face, axillary areas. In women, the cause of infection in the skin is also shaving the legs, as well as hair removal or frequent friction during hygiene measures in the genital area. Festering hematomas, cysts can cause pathology. Often, skin abscesses appear at the site of intradermal (less often), subcutaneous (more often) injections that were not performed according to the rules.

Local and systemic factors increase the likelihood of infection entering the skin. The locals include:

increased sweating ();
hyperactivity of the sebaceous glands (this is typical for conditions accompanied by an increase in the content of male sex hormones in the blood);
penetration of a foreign object under the skin.

Systemic risk factors - mainly those that cause a decrease in immunity:

long-term treatment with steroid hormones (dexamethasone, prednisolone, for example, in lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis);
diabetes;
after chemotherapy;
against the background of hemodialysis sessions in chronic renal failure;
with HIV infection;
unbalanced diet;
hypothermia;
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

The infection that is the real cause of a skin abscess is the flora that is in the air, on human skin, in the secretion of sweat or sebaceous glands, vaginal secretions, or particles of physiological functions remaining on the skin. Most often it is Staphylococcus aureus. It is the most dangerous microbe: it tends to spread rapidly into the blood, and from it into internal organs causing abscesses to form. An abscess can also cause:

streptococcus;
the proteus family;
coli;
most often - a combination of staphylococcal, streptococcal flora and Escherichia coli.

Skin abscess symptoms

In its development, the disease goes through several stages, which differ in their external manifestations.

At the first stage, redness, dense and painful, appears at the site of injury, injection or former hematoma. At first, it is small, but gradually increases in size, reaching even 3 cm. In the middle of this infiltrate (seal) there is always a hair.

After 3-4 days, the center of the seal softens and a yellow or white abscess appears in its place, the redness around which no longer spreads, but everything is also hot to the touch and painful. At this stage, the condition may worsen: the temperature rises (sometimes up to 40 ° C), appetite decreases, and weakness appears.

Most often, the abscess spontaneously opens, purulent masses stand out from it. This is accompanied by an improvement in the condition of both the tissues at the site of formation (they lose pain), and a decrease in temperature, the disappearance of symptoms of intoxication. If complications have developed at this stage, then even after spontaneous opening of the purulent cavity, there is no improvement.

When the rejection of pus has occurred, the wound remaining in this place heals. If the inflammation has affected only the skin layers, after healing, a slight light or dark spot, which soon disappears. In case of destruction of deeper layers, or if the abscess was located in place over the bone, a scar remains due to healing.

Features of localization of some skin abscesses

Facial abscess occurs very often. This is the most common localization of the abscess, since the skin of the face is the richest sebaceous glands. Most often, abscesses appear on the lip, nose, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ear canal. Located in the region of the nasolabial triangle, they are dangerous for the spread of infection into the cranial cavity. Like an abscess of the scalp, its facial localization is often accompanied by headache, fever, general malaise. Here, similar symptoms, unlike abscesses of other localization, do not always mean the development of complications, but still require an examination.

Local symptoms of a skin abscess on the leg are as described above. In addition to them, inflammation of the lymph nodes often develops and lymphatic vessels through which lymph drains from the site of infection.

Diagnostics

The fact that a formation on the skin discovered by a person is a skin abscess, a surgeon, therapist or dermatologist can already say during the initial examination. But for the purpose proper treatment the doctor will need to open the formation and sow its contents on various nutrient media in order to determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Simply performing a puncture (puncture) of the abscess for the purpose of sowing is impractical - this way you can spread the infection to the underlying tissues.

At general violation conditions: fever, cough, loss of appetite or decrease in the amount of urine, diagnostics (ultrasound, x-ray and laboratory) of the condition of the kidneys, liver, lungs are carried out.

Treatment

Therapy at home

Often, treatment of a skin abscess is possible at home. To do this, it is recommended to first conduct a test with the Dimexide preparation, diluting it four times with boiled water and applying it to the skin of the inner side of the forearm. If after 15 minutes there is no visible redness, blistering or itching, this drug can be used to treat a purulent process. For this:

Dilute "Dimexide" ("Dimethyl sulfoxide") 3-4 times with boiled water.
Wet the sterile gauze with the solution (it will be hot).
Attach gauze to the abscess, cover with polyethylene on top.
Fix the compress with a bandage or gauze bandage.

To improve the effect, and in the absence of an allergy to antibiotics, you can sprinkle gauze with Penicillin, Ceftriaxone, Gentamicin or Ampicillin before applying cellophane.

You can do the same with:

a) saline solution: 1 tsp. salt in a glass of boiled water;

b) baked onion peel;

c) fresh grated raw potatoes;

d) rubbed laundry soap, which is mixed with 2 parts warm milk, boil for 1.5 hours over low heat until the consistency of sour cream. After cooling, it can be used.

Such compresses, in addition to those with baked onion peel, are used throughout the day, with a change in the composition to a new one every 3-4 hours. Onions are applied for 1 hour 3 times a day.

Attention! Compresses should not be warm!

Surgical removal

Treatment of a skin abscess by a surgeon is carried out in cases where:

skin abscess appeared in a patient with diabetes mellitus;
an abscess appeared on the face, especially in the area of the nasolabial triangle;
the boil does not go away within 3 days or there is a tendency to increase it;
increased body temperature;
the abscess is not opened;
new skin abscesses appeared;
localization of the abscess - on the spine, in the buttocks or around the anus.

In these situations, the doctor resorts to opening the abscess with a scalpel, under local anesthesia. The cavity of the abscess is washed from pus with antiseptics, but then it is not sutured to prevent re-suppuration, and a piece of a sterile glove is inserted there, through which the pus will come out. After such a small operation, antibiotics are prescribed in tablets.

From this article you will learn:

what to do if the gum around the tooth is inflamed,
what are the causes of inflammation
how to treat gum disease at home.

The article was written by a dentist with more than 19 years of experience.

Depending on the cause, it can be observed either in the area of most teeth (which is typical for gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis), or there may be a local inflammatory process that develops in the area of only 1-2 teeth. The latter is typical for localized periodontitis, as well as periodontitis of the tooth.

The choice of treatment methods will depend on the cause of the inflammation, as well as the severity. inflammatory process. With insufficient oral hygiene, accumulations of soft microbial plaque and calculus appear at the necks of the teeth (Fig. 1-6), which are the causes of the development of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. The basic treatment in this case will be: 1) removal of dental plaque at the dentist, 2) a course of anti-inflammatory therapy at home.

A completely different treatment is required if the inflammation of the gums near the tooth is local, i.e. observed in the area of only 1-2 teeth. The causes of such inflammation may be the overhanging edge of the filling and crowns, traumatizing the gingival margin, or traumatic supercontacts between the upper and lower teeth. Therefore, if the gum is inflamed near the tooth - what to do in such situations usually consists in eliminating the factor (which caused the injury to the gum line or chewing overload of the tooth), or in treating inflammation at the top of the tooth root. We will tell you more about this below.

1. Inflammation of the gums with gingivitis and periodontitis -

If the patient complains of inflammation of the gingival margin and its bleeding when brushing in the area of all or most of the teeth, then this is certainly a symptom of either chronic gingivitis (Fig. 1-3) or chronic periodontitis (Fig. 4-6). The development of these diseases is associated with insufficient oral hygiene, as a result of which soft microbial plaque accumulates on the teeth, as well as hard dental deposits.

Inflammation in the gums with gingivitis and periodontitis occurs due to pathogenic bacteria, which are part of plaque and tartar. Bacteria release toxins and inflammatory mediators, which trigger a chain of inflammatory reactions in the gums. However, gingivitis is initial stage such inflammation, manifested exclusively by bleeding when brushing your teeth, pain in the gums, their swelling, redness or cyanosis. Inflammation in gingivitis captures only the gingival margin and is not accompanied by destruction of the bone tissue around the teeth.

In case of absence timely treatment gingivitis, or if it is not properly treated - inflammation leads to the gradual destruction of the dentogingival attachment, as well as to the destruction of the bone tissue around the teeth. This stage of inflammation is already called chronic periodontitis. For periodontitis, all the above symptoms of gingivitis are still characteristic + tooth mobility appears, periodontal pockets form with purulent discharge, gradual exposure of the roots of the teeth, etc.

Inflammation of the gums: treatment for gingivitis and periodontitis

If the patient complains of generalized inflammation of the gums, treatment for gingivitis and periodontitis begins with the removal of dental plaque, and after that a course of anti-inflammatory therapy is prescribed. Bacterial plaque and tartar can only be removed from the teeth by a dentist, and is usually used for this (Fig. 7-8), but the course of anti-inflammatory therapy itself can be carried out at home.

Removal of dental plaque by ultrasound: photo

anti-inflammatory therapy

Below we will tell you how to treat gum disease at home. But you must understand that such a course will be fully effective only after the removal of the causative factor of inflammation from the teeth (i.e. microbial plaque and tartar). If you use the following remedies without first removing dental plaque, then you can only temporarily drown out the symptoms of inflammation by translating the inflammation into a chronic course.

Inflammation of the gums treatment at home usually lasts 10 days. Gum treatment is carried out 2 times a day (morning and evening), and it is important to do it only after meals and subsequent oral hygiene. Thus, in the morning you should have breakfast and brush your teeth, after which you will first need to rinse your mouth with an antiseptic solution. With a little inflammation, you can use the standard inexpensive one, which is sold at any pharmacy for 40 rubles.

But, if you have severe inflammation of the gums and there is severe bleeding during brushing, it is better to use solutions containing 0.2-025% chlorhexidine. The best remedy from inflammation of the gums with such a concentration of chlorhexidine - rinse Lakalut Aktiv, or "PresiDent Antibacterial". To rinse, you need to take 10-15 ml of the solution into your mouth (one sip) and, without spitting anything, rinse your mouth for 1 minute.

After rinsing, it is necessary to apply a special anti-inflammatory gel to the gum. The best gum disease medicine for this purpose is (it contains 2 active component, deeply penetrating deep into the mucous membrane and quickly relieving inflammation). With moderate inflammation, Parodontocid gel can also be used. The gel will be better fixed on the moist oral mucosa if you first dry the gingival margin with a dry gauze swab.

Next, squeeze the gel onto your finger and apply it to the gingival margin, which is adjacent to the anterior surface of the upper and lower teeth. Usually, the gel is applied to the gums only from the front surface of the dentition (on the lingual / palatal side, treatment is carried out if necessary). After applying the gel, do not drink for 30 minutes, do not rinse your mouth, and do not eat for 2 hours. Swallow the resulting saliva as usual, it does not need to be saved or spit. In the evening, repeat the treatment - rinse your mouth again after eating and brushing your teeth, and then apply the gel.

Important:

With gingivitis inflammation covers only the marginal part of the gums, so the above anti-inflammatory course and preliminary removal of dental plaque is quite enough for complete cure patient. But in order for inflammation not to occur again, it is very important to maintain proper hygiene oral cavity. Below the link you can read comprehensive information on the forms of gingivitis and their treatment -
With periodontitis, i.e. when the symptoms of gingivitis are joined by tooth mobility, root exposure, suppuration from periodontal pockets - only the removal of dental plaque and the above course of anti-inflammatory therapy will no longer be enough. This may additionally require antibiotic therapy, washing of periodontal pockets, splinting mobile groups teeth, as well surgical techniques treatment. Read more about this in the article -

2. Local inflammation of the gums near the tooth -

In this section, we will tell you how to relieve inflammation of the gums, if it has arisen in just 1-2 teeth. The causes of such limited gingival inflammation may be a localized form of periodontitis, or an exacerbation chronic periodontitis tooth. Swelling of the gums with localized periodontitis, as a rule, is localized in the interdental space, and closer to the gingival margin (Fig. 9-10). Often, when you gently press on such a swelling, you can see that pus begins to secrete from under the gums.

Swelling of the gums with localized periodontitis: photo

The main causes of periodontitis localized in the region of 1-2 teeth are most often the following factors:

Traumatic bite(supercontact) -
in the area of some teeth, the so-called "premature biting" may occur, i.e. antagonist teeth do not close evenly, but there is premature biting on one of the teeth. The presence of such a supercontact causes a mechanical overload of the tooth, which leads to the destruction of the bone tissue around it and inflammation of the gums. Supercontacts can appear on their own, or be the result of poorly made fillings and crowns.

Overhanging edge of the filling in the interdental space –
when treating caries between the teeth, the dentist can leave an overhanging edge of the filling, which will injure the gingival papilla in the interdental space. This is a gross mistake of a dentist. In addition to traumatizing the gums, the overhanging edge of the filling creates conditions for retaining food debris in the interdental space, which also contributes to the development of inflammation.

No contact point between teeth –
when that part of the tooth that is in contact with the lateral teeth in the interdental space is destroyed, it is very important to restore the correct contact. This is a rather complicated and painstaking work that requires skill, and not every dentist knows how to restore the “contact point” between the teeth. Lack of good contact will lead to stuffing of food into the interdental space, followed by decay of food residues and the development of inflammation.

Inflammation of the gums near the tooth: treatment
if the cause is the overhanging edge of the filling or crown, then it is necessary to grind off the overhanging edge of the filling with a burr (if possible, otherwise completely replace the filling), make a new crown. In the absence of a good contact point between the teeth in the interdental space, it is also necessary to replace a poor-quality filling or crown, which caused the lack of contact. In the presence of traumatic supercontact, “selective tooth grinding” is performed.

All of the above is a basic therapy aimed at eliminating the causative factor that caused inflammation. Further, depending on the severity of inflammation and the degree of destruction of the bone tissue around the tooth, curettage of the periodontal pocket can be carried out with the insertion of synthetic bone tissue into the bone pocket (to restore the bone level), a course of anti-inflammatory therapy, splinting of the tooth.

Inflammation of the gums with periodontitis -

In localized periodontitis, inflammation develops in the interdental space, in which a periodontal pocket is formed by inflammatory resorption of the bone tissue around the tooth. In turn, swelling of the gums is associated with the development purulent inflammation at the top of the tooth root (Fig. 13). Swelling of the gums in this case will appear most often in the projection of the top of the root of the diseased tooth.

Inflammation of the gums with periodontitis: photo

The reason for the development of periodontitis (inflammation at the top of the tooth root) is an infection in the root canals. Periodontitis occurs either as a result of the lack of timely treatment of caries and pulpitis of the tooth, or when poor quality treatment teeth, especially often - with poor quality. Inflammation of the gums during periodontitis is usually limited to 1 causative tooth, but during the formation purulent abscess large sizes - can spread to several teeth (Fig. 14).

In all cases, inflammation, as a rule, is localized and is located in the projection of the causative tooth. In a periodontitis tooth, a cyst (a bag filled with pus) forms at the top of the root, which causes swelling of the gums. Swelling and swelling of the gums in this case will periodically appear, then disappear, etc.

How to relieve inflammation of the gums with periodontitis -
if the inflammation is really caused by the development of periodontitis (and not gingivitis or periodontitis), then this must be verified by doing X-ray, and comparing it with the data of a visual examination of the teeth. The causative tooth will always have either a carious defect or a filling. And an x-ray will allow you to see inflammatory changes in the bone tissue in the area of the apex of the tooth root, as well as the quality of root canal filling, if it was previously performed.

Next is the dental treatment. If root canal treatment in the tooth has not been previously performed, then first the nerve is removed and the root canals are mechanically treated, after which the inflammatory focus at the apex of the tooth root is treated with special pastes based on calcium hydroxide. Next, the root canals are filled with gutta-percha and the crown of the tooth is restored with a filling or crown. For comprehensive information on the treatment of periodontitis, read the article:

Gum treatment at home

1) With gingivitis and periodontitis at home, you can only carry out anti-inflammatory therapy ( antiseptic rinses, applications of anti-inflammatory drugs). However, this will not cure the inflammation, but will only relieve the symptoms for a short time. In order for anti-inflammatory therapy to have an effect, it is necessary to first remove all dental deposits. This can be done qualitatively only with the help of a dentist.

2) If we are talking about inflammation of the gums against the background of injury to its overhanging edges of fillings / crowns, then simply anti-inflammatory therapy will also not give the desired effect without eliminating the traumatic factor. Those. You still have to go to the dentist.

3) If you have periodic swelling of the gums in the area of several teeth against the background of periodontitis of one of the teeth, then anti-inflammatory drug therapy (including antibiotic therapy) is completely useless. Inflammation in this case is caused by an infection in the root canals, and while root canals this tooth will not be properly sealed - the inflammation will not go anywhere.

Important : therefore it is very important to understand that home treatment can be effective only in terms of conducting a course of anti-inflammatory therapy for chronic gingivitis and periodontitis, but again, only after professional cleaning of the teeth from plaque and calculus. Also, home treatment can be used to strengthen the gums between the main courses of anti-inflammatory therapy.

Inflammation of the gums: treatment with folk remedies

Folk remedies are positioned as a "safe" replacement for professional anti-inflammatory drugs designed to treat inflammation. However, they have a tenfold weaker effect than professional antiseptics or anti-inflammatory gum gels. You can use folk remedies only as additional remedy in complex therapy or for preventive purposes.

Non-alcoholic decoctions of herbs really have a slight anti-inflammatory effect, for example, eucalyptus, chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort, oak bark ... But it is not recommended to constantly rinse your mouth with these decoctions, because. the pigments contained in such decoctions easily settle on the surface of the teeth, making their surface rough, and this facilitates the formation of tartar.

If you really want to use rinses on plant-based, then it’s better to buy ready-made factory-made plant-based rinsing elixirs (the pigments have already been removed from them), or use anti-inflammatory ones. You can read about the ranking of the best toothpastes for gums at this link.

circulates on the internet a large number of recipes that are not only unable to cure inflammation of the gums, but on the contrary, contribute to the progression of inflammation. But most folk remedies in the absence professional treatment- only reduce the symptoms of the disease, masking them, and at this time the disease itself will progress imperceptibly.

Erysipelas or mug (from Polish roza) is an infectious, fairly common disease of the skin and mucous membranes. In Latin - erysipelas(erythros translated from Greek - red, pellis - skin). Among all erysipelas takes fourth place and today is one of actual problems in healthcare. The cause of erysipelas is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Sick individuals and healthy carriers are sources of infection. The disease is characterized by severe fever, symptoms of intoxication, and the appearance of bright red areas of inflammation on the skin or mucous membranes.

Complicated forms of erysipelas are the most severe soft tissue infections. They are characterized by rapid onset, rapid progression, and severe intoxication.

A patient with erysipelas is not contagious. Women get sick more often during the period of extinction of reproductive function. In a third of patients, the disease acquires a relapsing course.

Rozha has been known since ancient times. Its description was found in the works of ancient authors. A pure culture of the causative agent of erysipelas was isolated in 1882 by F. Felleisen. A huge contribution to the study of the disease was made by Russian scientists E. A. Galperin and V. L. Cherkasov.

Rice. 1. Erysipelas (erysipelas) on the leg (erysipelas of the lower leg).

Pathogen erysipelas

There are 20 types (serogroups) of streptococci. The most significant of these are serogroup A, B, C, D and G streptococci. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) are the cause of many dangerous diseases in humans - pustular diseases of the skin and soft tissues (abscesses, phlegmon, boils and osteomyelitis), tonsillitis and pharyngitis, bronchitis, rheumatism, scarlet fever and toxic shock. Erysipelas can be caused by any type of group A streptococcus.

bacteria have round shape. Arranged more often in chains, less often in pairs. They reproduce by dividing in two.

In the external environment, including sputum and pus, bacteria persist for months and survive at low temperatures and freezing.
Heat, sunlight and disinfectant solutions have a detrimental effect on microbes.
Streptococci are highly sensitive to antibiotics, resistance to which they develop slowly.

Streptococci secrete a number of endo- and exotoxins and enzymes that cause their damaging effect.

Rice. 2. Streptococci are round in shape. Arranged more often in chains, less often in pairs.

Rice. 3. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, when growing on blood agar, form zones of hemolysis (light halos) that are 2–4 times larger than the diameter of the colonies themselves.

Rice. 4. When growing on nutrient media, streptococcal colonies are shiny, shaped like a drop, or gray, dull and granular with uneven edges, or convex and transparent.

Epidemiology of the disease

reservoir and source beta are sick and "healthy" bacteria carriers. Bacteria penetrate the skin from outside or from foci of chronic infection. Erysipelas in individuals with manifestations ( chronic tonsillitis, caries, diseases of the upper respiratory tract, etc.) occurs 5-6 times more often. Long-term use of steroid hormones is a predisposing factor in the development of the disease.

Minor injuries, cracks, abrasions, abrasions and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes of the nose, genitals, etc. are gateway for infection. Contact and airborne - the main ways of infection.

Group A streptococci often live on human skin and mucous membranes and do not cause disease. Such persons are called bacteria carriers. Erysipelas is more often recorded in women during the period of extinction of reproductive function. In some patients, erysipelas is recurrent, which, apparently, is associated with a genetic predisposition.

The disease often develops with lymphostasis and venous insufficiency, edema of various origins, trophic ulcers, and.

Rice. 5. Phlegmon and gangrene are terrible complications of erysipelas.

How does erysipelas occur (pathogenesis of erysipelas)

Inflammation in erysipelas is most often localized on the face and legs, less often on the arms, trunk, scrotum, perineum and mucous membranes. The inflammatory process during the disease affects the main layer of the skin, its frame - the dermis. It performs supporting and trophic functions. The dermis contains many capillaries and fibers.

Inflammation in erysipelas is infectious and allergic in nature.

Waste products and substances released during the death of bacteria cause the development of toxicosis and fever.
The reason for the development of the inflammatory process is the effect on tissues of toxins, enzymes and antigens of hemolytic streptococci, as well as biologically active substances. Small arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels are damaged. Inflammation is serous or serous-hemorrhagic in nature.
Human skin antigens are similar in structure to streptococcal polysaccharides, which leads to the development of autoimmune processes when the patient's antibodies begin to attack their tissues. Immune and autoimmune complexes cause damage to the skin and blood vessels. Intravascular coagulation develops, the integrity of the capillary walls is disturbed, and a local hemorrhagic syndrome is formed. As a result of vasodilation, a focus of hyperemia and vesicles appear on the skin, the contents of which are serous or hemorrhagic in nature.
Biologically active substances, including histamine, which is involved in the development of hemorrhagic forms of erysipelas, enter the bloodstream in large quantities.
Insufficiency of lymphatic circulation is manifested by edema of the lower extremities. Over time, damaged lymphatic vessels are replaced by fibrous tissue, leading to the development of elephantiasis.
The focus of infectious-allergic inflammation consumes a large amount of glucocorticoids. This leads to the development of extra-adrenal insufficiency. Protein and water-salt metabolism are disturbed.

Rice. 6. The inflammatory process during the disease affects the main layer of the skin, its frame - the dermis.

Factors affecting the development of erysipelas

The following factors influence the development of erysipelas:

Individual predisposition to the disease, which is due to a genetic predisposition or hypersensitivity to allergens of streptococci and staphylococci.
Decreased activity defensive reactions organism - nonspecific factors, humoral, cellular and local immunity.
Disorders of the neuroendocrine system and imbalance of biologically active substances.

Erysipelas classification

There are erythematous, erythematous-bullous, erythematous-hemorrhagic and bullous-hemorrhagic (uncomplicated) and abscessing, phlegmonous and necrotic (complicated) forms of erysipelas. This classification of erysipelas is based on the nature of local lesions.
According to the severity of the course, erysipelas is divided into mild, moderate and heavy.
According to the multiplicity of manifestations, erysipelas is divided into primary, repeated and recurrent.
There are localized, widespread, migratory and metastatic forms of erysipelas.

By prevalence

When a limited area of the lesion appears on the skin, they speak of localized face shape.
The exit of the focus outside the anatomical region is regarded as common the form.
When appearing near primary focus lesions of one or more new areas connected by "bridges" indicate migratory form of erysipelas.
When new foci of inflammation appear far from the primary focus, they speak of metastatic form of the disease. Streptococci are spread by the hematogenous route. The disease is severe and prolonged, often complicated by the development of sepsis.

By frequency of occurrence

Erysipelas that occurs for the first time is called primary.
When repeated case diseases in the same place, but not earlier than 2 years after the first case or in the event of a recurrent disease that occurred in another place earlier than this period, they speak of repeated erysipelas.
Erysipelatous inflammation that occurs repeatedly in the same place is recurrent character.

By severity

mild severity The disease is characterized by a short fever and mild severe symptoms intoxication, which is typical for the erythematous form of erysipelas.
Moderate severity characterized by a longer (up to 5 days) fever and more pronounced symptoms of intoxication, which is typical for the erythematous and erythematous-bullous forms of the disease.
Severe course erysipelas is typical for hemorrhagic and complicated forms of the disease, which occur with high (up to 40 0 C) body temperature, severe intoxication, the development in some cases of infectious-toxic shock and sepsis. A severe course is observed in migratory and metastatic forms of the disease.

Erased or abortive forms diseases are observed with adequate, timely treatment. Rarely seen.

Rice. 7. In the photo, erysipelas of the skin.

Signs and symptoms of erysipelas in various forms of the disease

Signs and symptoms of erysipelas during the incubation period

The incubation period for erysipelas in case of infection from outside is from 3 to 5 days. As a rule, the disease begins acutely, with a precise indication of the hour of onset of the first symptoms and signs. Headache, general weakness, fever up to 39 - 40 ° C, chills, muscle and joint pain, often nausea and vomiting, less often convulsions and disorders of consciousness are the main signs and symptoms of erysipelas during this period. Intoxication with erysipelas develops as a result of the release of streptococcal toxins into the bloodstream.

At the same time, the first signs of local damage appear. Sometimes local symptoms develop after 6-10 hours from the onset of the disease.

Streptococci have a tropism for the lymphatic system, where they multiply rapidly and spread to regional lymph nodes, which increase as a result of developed inflammation. Fever and toxicosis persist up to 7 days, less often - longer.

All forms of erysipelas are accompanied by inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

Rice. 8. In the photo, erysipelas (erysipelas) in children (erysipelas of the face).

Signs and symptoms of erysipelas of the skin in the erythematous form of the disease

A burning sensation and bursting pain at the site of the lesion are the first symptoms of erysipelas. Redness and swelling are the first signs of the disease. In the affected area, the skin is hot to the touch and tense. The inflammatory focus rapidly increases in size. The erysipelatous plaque is delimited from the surrounding tissues by a roller, has jagged edges and resembles flames. There are many streptococci in the tissues and capillaries of the affected area, which can be detected with a simple smear microscopy. The process continues up to 1 - 2 weeks. Redness disappears gradually, the edges of erythema are blurred, swelling subsides. Upper layer epidermis sloughs off and thickens, sometimes appear dark spots. Persistent edema indicates the development of lymphostasis.

Rice. 9. In the photo, the erythematous form of erysipelas on the leg.

Signs and symptoms of erysipelatous inflammation of the skin in the erythematous-bullous form of the disease

The erythematous-bullous form of the disease is characterized by the appearance of vesicles and blisters on the affected area of the skin. Bullous elements contain light clear liquid(exudate). Sometimes the exudate becomes cloudy, and the bubbles turn into pustules. Over time, the blisters subside, in their place, brown crusts form, dense to the touch. After 2-3 weeks, the crusts are torn off, exposing the erosive surface. Some patients have trophic ulcers. Epithelialization of the affected surface occurs slowly.

Rice. 10. In the erythematous-bullous form of erysipelas, brown or black crusts form at the site of collapsed vesicles.

Signs and symptoms of erysipelas in the erythematous-hemorrhagic form of the disease

This form of erysipelas is becoming more common in recent times, and in some regions of our country it ranks first among all forms of this disease.

Burning sensation and bursting pain, redness, swelling and punctate (up to 3 mm) hemorrhages (petechiae) are the main signs and symptoms in the erythematous-hemorrhagic form of the disease. Hemorrhages at the site of the lesion are the result of the release of blood from damaged small blood vessels into the intercellular space.

The disease is characterized by a longer (up to 2 weeks) fever and slow regression. Skin necrosis is sometimes noted as a complication.

Rice. 11. Erysipelas of the arm. Petechial hemorrhages (petechiae) are the main symptom of the erythematous-hemorrhagic form of erysipelas.

Signs and symptoms of erysipelas with bullous-hemorrhagic form of the disease

The bullous-hemorrhagic form of erysipelas of the skin is characterized by the appearance of blisters with serous-hemorrhagic contents against the background of hyperemia. The outflow of blood is associated with deep damage to the capillaries. After the bubbles subside, an erosive surface is exposed, on which black crusts are located. Healing is slow. The disease is often complicated by skin necrosis and inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. After healing, scars and pigmentation remain.

Rice. 12. In the photo, gangrene of the lower limb, as a result of a complication of the bullous-hemorrhagic form of erysipelas.

Bullous and hemorrhagic forms of the disease lead to the development of lymphostasis.

Signs and symptoms of complicated forms of erysipelas

Phlegmonous and necrotic form erysipelas of the skin are regarded as complications of the disease.

With the spread of inflammation to the subcutaneous adipose tissue and connective tissue develops phlegmonous inflammation. Bubbles filled with pus appear on the affected area of the skin. The disease is severe, with severe intoxication. The affected area of the skin is often infected with staphylococci. The phlegmonous form of erysipelas often causes sepsis.

Necrotic (gangrenous) form erysipelas develops in individuals with low immunity. Soft tissues undergo necrosis (complete destruction). The disease begins rapidly, proceeds with severe intoxication, and progresses rapidly. After healing, disinfecting scars remain.

The recovery period for severe and complicated forms of erysipelas is slow. Asthenic syndrome after recovery persists for many months.

Rice. 13. In the photo erysipelas (erysipelas), phlegmonous-necrotic form of the disease.

Features of erysipelas in certain parts of the body

Most often, erysipelas is recorded on the skin of the lower extremities, somewhat less often on upper limbs and face, rarely - on the trunk, mucous membranes, mammary gland, scrotum and perineum.

Erysipelas on the leg

Erysipelas on the leg develops as a result of a violation of the integrity of the skin, the occurrence of which is associated with injuries and bruises. Often the disease develops in patients with fungal infections of the feet and toenails, circulatory disorders in lower limbs developed as a result diabetes, varicose veins veins, smoking and being overweight. The source of infection is also the foci of chronic infection in the patient's body.

A burning sensation, bursting pain at the site of the lesion, redness and swelling are the first signs and symptoms of erysipelas on the legs.

Erysipelas on the legs is often recurrent. Improper treatment and the presence of foci of chronic infection contribute to the development of a relapsing form of the disease.

Frequent relapses lead to the development of fibrotic changes in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, followed by the development of lymphostasis and elephantiasis.

Rice. 14. In the photo, erysipelas of the legs.

Erysipelas on the arm

Erysipelas on the hands often develops in drug addicts as a result of intravenous drug administration and in women against the background of lymph stagnation, as a result of a radical mastectomy.

Rice. 15. Erysipelas on the hands.

Rice. 16. In the photo, erysipelas of the hand.

Erysipelas on the face

Most often, the primary erythematous form of erysipelas occurs on the face. Redness often captures the area of the cheeks and nose (like a butterfly) and, in addition to swelling and itching, is often accompanied by severe pain. Sometimes the focus of inflammation spreads to the entire face, scalp, neck and neck. In some patients, the disease is complicated by the development of abscesses in the thickness of the eyelids and the accumulation of pus under the scalp. With the spread of infection in the subcutaneous fatty tissue, phlegmon develops. Weakened persons and the elderly may develop gangrene.

The source of infection in erysipelas on the face is often strep infection sinuses and boils. The source of infection in erysipelas of the orbit is streptococcal conjunctivitis.

With streptococcal otitis media, erysipelas of the auricle sometimes develops, often the inflammatory process spreads to the scalp and neck.

Rice. 17. An erythematous form of erysipelas occurs more often on the face.

Rice. 18. Erysipelas on the face. Redness often captures the area of the cheeks and nose (like a butterfly).

Rice. 19. Sometimes the focus of inflammation spreads to the entire face, scalp, neck and neck.

Rice. 20. In the photo, erysipelas of the hand.

Erysipelas of the trunk

Erysipelatous inflammation sometimes develops in the area of surgical sutures if the rules of asepsis are not followed. Erysipelas is severe when streptococci penetrate into the umbilical wound of a newborn. Erysipelatous inflammation of the mammary gland develops against the background of mastitis. The development of gangrene can lead to scarring with subsequent dysfunction of the organ.

Erysipelas of genital organs and perineum

With erysipelas of the scrotum, penis, female genital organs and perineum, the erythematous form of the disease most often develops with a pronounced edema of the underlying tissues. Developed tissue necrosis followed by scarring leads to testicular atrophy. Erysipelas in parturient women is extremely difficult. The inflammatory process often affects the internal genital organs.

Erysipelatous inflammation of the mucous membranes

With erysipelas of the mucous membranes, the pharynx, larynx, oral cavity and nasal mucosa are more often affected. With the defeat of the mucous membranes, the erythematous form of the disease develops. Hyperemia and significant edema develop in the area of inflammation, often with foci of necrosis.

Rice. 21. The photo shows erysipelas of the oral mucosa.

Relapses of the disease

Erysipelatous inflammation that occurs repeatedly in the same place is recurrent in nature. Relapses are divided into early and late. Early relapses are considered repeated episodes of the disease that occur before 6 months, late - more than 6 months.

Promote recurrence of chronic venous insufficiency, lymphostasis, diabetes mellitus and improper treatment of the disease. Relapses are often observed in patients working in adverse conditions and in the elderly.

When multiplying in the lymphatic capillaries of the skin, streptococci form an inflammatory focus in the dermis. Frequent relapses occur with low body temperature and moderate symptoms of intoxication. Oily erythema and edema appear on the skin. The delimitation from healthy areas is poorly expressed.

Frequent relapses lead to the development of fibrotic changes in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, followed by the development of elephantiasis.

Rice. 22. In the photo erysipelas (erysipelas) of rare localization.

Erysipelas in the elderly

Erysipelas in older people often occurs on the face. The disease is accompanied by severe pain. Sometimes gangrene develops. Erysipelatous inflammation has a protracted course and slowly regresses.

Rice. 23. Erysipelatous inflammation of the face in the elderly.

Erysipelas in children

Erysipelas is rare in children. In older children, the disease progresses mild form. The focus of erysipelas may occur in different places. The erythematous form develops more often. The prognosis is favorable.

In children under one year old, erysipelas is more severe. Foci of inflammation often appear in places of diaper rash and on the face, sometimes spreading to other parts of the body. With the phlegmonous form of the disease, sepsis may develop, with erysipelas of the face - meningitis.

Erysipelas is severe when streptococci enter the umbilical wound in newborns. The process quickly spreads to the back, buttocks and limbs of the child. Intoxication increases, body temperature rises significantly, convulsions appear. Some patients develop sepsis. Mortality in erysipelas in newborns is extremely high.

Rice. 24. In the photo, erysipelas in children.

Complications of erysipelas

Complications of erysipelas occur in 4 - 8% of cases. A decrease in the activity of the body's defense reactions and inadequate treatment lead to the development of:

lymphorrhea - leakage of lymph from damaged lymphatic vessels,
ulcers - deep skin defects,
abscess - an abscess surrounded by a dense capsule,
phlegmon, when inflammation spreads to subcutaneous adipose tissue and connective tissue,
gangrene - complete destruction of tissues affected by inflammation,
thrombophlebitis - inflammation of the venous walls with the formation of blood clots,
pneumonia in older people
lymphostasis (lymphedema), which has developed as a result of a violation of the outflow of lymph and elephantiasis (fibreedema),
infectious psychosis,
at the site of inflammation, often with a prolonged or recurrent course, hyperkeratosis, eczema develops, and pigmentation appears.

Immunity after suffering erysipelas does not develop.

The reasons

Erysipelatous inflammation develops with a combination of several adverse factors:

Injured skin. The epidermis can become inflamed not only with a massive injury. This can happen after minor damage in the form of scratches, peeling, cuts.
Damage to the skin by pathogenic microorganisms. Erysipelas is caused by hemolytic streptococcus A. It not only affects the skin, but also releases toxins that have a destructive effect on the entire human body.
Decreased immunity. Streptococcus can be present on the body of many healthy people and cause no disease. The development of erysipelas occurs against the background of a decrease in natural protective functions organism. The reason is severe concomitant diseases, stress, smoking, alcoholism.

Erysipelas is a problem in developed countries and practically does not occur among the population of Africa, South Asia.

Erysipelas most often develops in women over 50 years of age. In this case, the disease can affect any person.

Especially often this pathology develops against the background of diabetes mellitus, HIV, oncological disease with long-term use of glucocorticosteroids.

Symptoms

From the moment streptococcus enters the wound to the development of the first symptoms, 5 days pass. The affected area of the body becomes painful. Regardless of the location of the problem, the disease begins with a sharp rise in temperature. On the first day, the indicators are 38 ° C, and on the following days - 40 ° C. Streptococcus secretes toxins, which causes intoxication of the body. This is manifested by such signs:

weakness;
pronounced fatigue;
chills;
loss of appetite;
sweating;
increased sensitivity to bright light and sharp sounds.

Only 12 hours after the rise in body temperature, symptoms of skin lesions appear, which is manifested by redness. Problem area rises slightly above the surface. Most often, it is limited to a kind of roller, but if the body's resistance to bacteria is insignificant, this sign is absent.

Other symptoms of erysipelas include swelling and soreness of the skin. Near the focus of inflammation, an increase in lymph nodes is observed. They become painful and tight to the touch.

The presented photo shows the differences between an uncomplicated form of erysipelas and a complicated one. In the latter case, vesicles filled with pus or liquid, areas with hemorrhages form on the surface of the skin.

On the face

Erysipelas on the surface of the face is a frequent occurrence. This is because the skin on this part of the body is particularly thin and susceptible to negative effects. external factors. This strengthens all unpleasant symptoms diseases:

When the skin of the face is affected, a person feels an increase in soreness during chewing. This is especially felt when the problem is localized on the cheeks, lower jaw.
Severe edema is observed on almost the entire surface of the face, and not only in the area affected by streptococcus.
On the affected areas, itching and burning appear.
When probing the neck, pain is felt. it clear sign lesions of the lymph nodes.
Body temperature rises to 39-40 ° C and can last for several days.
Due to severe intoxication, a person feels a breakdown, nausea, and a headache.

Inflammation of the scalp and face is a potential danger to humans due to the high risk of developing meningitis. Therefore, to warn dangerous complications When identifying the first signs of the disease, you should consult a doctor.

On foot

The development of erysipelas of the skin of the legs is associated with non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. It creates ideal conditions for the reproduction of streptococci. Therefore, even a minor wound is enough for the onset of symptoms of an infectious disease:

Unlike lesions of the head, erysipelas on the surface of the legs proceeds more easily. The patient feels better, recovery comes faster.

On hands

Inflammation of the skin on the surface of the hands appears infrequently. This is due to the fact that in this area of the body the concentration of bacteria rarely rises to unacceptable levels. Most often, erysipelas can be transmitted from contaminated objects with which a cut or puncture of the skin was made.

At risk of infection with erysipelas, which manifests itself on the surface of the hands, are children and drug addicts.

Inflammation skin observed on different parts of the hands. Painful seals appear under the armpits, which indicates damage to the lymph nodes.

Diagnostics

It is possible to assume the development of erysipelas based on the initial examination and questioning of the patient. In the absence of concomitant diseases, the diagnosis can be confirmed using a routine complete blood count, where a change in the following indicators is observed:

Swift increase in ESR. Normalization of indicators occurs only 3 weeks after treatment.
Decrease in the number of leukocytes. This result indicates the suppression of immunity by the infection.
Decreased levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin.

Possible Complications

Erysipelas can be contagious if a person has associated problems with health. Therefore, it is necessary to treat all identified pathologies in a timely manner.
It will also help prevent the development of life-threatening complications:

Therapy

Treatment of erysipelas is most often carried out at home, but under close medical supervision. The patient is admitted to the hospital only if complications develop.. This often occurs when there is inflammation in the hair growth area on the head or the surface of the face.

Medicines

It is quite easy to cure erysipelas if you resort to complex therapy using several drugs:

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is additionally used to speed up recovery and reduce doses of aggressive drugs. Ultraviolet radiation, electrophoresis, magnetic therapy, laser or UHF help to improve the condition of the skin and relieve the inflammatory process. Physiotherapy is relevant to prevent new outbreaks of erysipelas, which are observed in a fourth of patients.

Operation

Surgical intervention is performed only with the development of life-threatening complications - abscesses, phlegmon, necrosis, when a bullous form of the disease is detected.

The operation does not take long and is most often under local anesthesia. The doctor opens the abscesses, cleanses the tissues of purulent contents, followed by antibiotic therapy to prevent re-inflammation.

Alternative treatment

Alternative methods for uncomplicated erysipelas are no less effective than drug therapy. Such funds are recommended to be combined with drugs prescribed by a doctor, which will produce the best effect..

For erysipelas, the following medicines are used:

Infusion of chamomile and coltsfoot. Herbs are mixed in equal proportions. Take a tablespoon of the prepared collection in a glass of boiling water. The mixture is insisted on a water bath for 10 minutes, after which it is cooled. Infusion is used to treat all problem areas on the body.
Rosehip oil ointment kalanchoe juice. The ingredients are mixed in equal proportions and applied to the skin when the acute inflammatory process is eliminated. In such cases, the surface usually peels off, which can cause a recurrence of the disease. The ointment will moisturize the skin and eliminate irritation.
Decoction of calendula. A tablespoon of vegetable raw materials is poured into 235 ml of boiling water. The mixture is cooled, and then used to treat inflamed areas.
Natural cream with moisturizing and anti-inflammatory effect. Prepared from homemade sour cream and burdock leaves, which must first be crushed. The resulting cream treats all problem areas in the morning and evening.

At right approach To treatment, erysipelas passes quite quickly and is not accompanied by complications.

Success largely depends on the state of the patient's immunity. Therefore, in order to prevent relapses, which often occur after the first appearance of erysipelas, it is necessary to carefully monitor your body and keep healthy lifestyle life.

Inflammation of the cervix is called the terms cervicitis or endocervicitis. This kind of disease is very common. A gynecologist will help you understand the method of treatment. Medical preparations and procedures are prescribed after the examination, upon receipt of the results of a number of tests. And we will tell you how to treat inflammation of the cervix at home.

Symptoms of the inflammatory process of the cervix

Women of childbearing age are increasingly faced with certain problems in the field of female organs. Treatment of inflammation of the cervix can take quite long period time if not detected in time. The cervix is quite specific in its structure and its inflammation can be both the root cause of a serious illness, and a consequence or complication after an illness.

Symptoms of cervical inflammation include:

purulent or mucous discharge from the vagina;

feeling of pain in the lower abdomen - cutting, dull, aching. They can give to the lower back, back, be like menstrual pain;

burning against the background of other diseases - endometritis, salpingoophoritis, urethritis;

frequent or false urges to urination;

discomfort or pain during intercourse;

bleeding after blood act.

The inflammatory process extends to the next connective tissues, there is hypertrophy and compaction of the cervix. This is often facilitated by small cysts that form during the healing of pseudo-erosions.

Without treatment, over time, the disease seems to go away on its own. The body gets used to such a deviation and "considers" it is the norm. Therefore, even if obvious symptoms are no longer visible, and nothing has been done to solve this problem, it is better to consult a specialist doctor, take the appropriate tests and undergo a course of treatment. Only the degree of neglect and the identified cause of inflammation of the cervix can determine the duration of the cure.

Symptoms different stages inflammation of the cervix

Inflammation has different signs, depending on the stage at which the disease is located:

acute cervicitis,
subacute
and chronic.

Many women know that damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix can be the basis for the appearance of a cyst. During menstruation, this mucous membrane is slightly irritated in women, but a woman may experience severe pain in the abdomen. This is one of the most basic and first symptoms in acute inflammation of the cervix. Most often, the pain in the lower abdomen is of a piercing-cutting nature. A woman may feel a breakdown, a decrease in temperature. Burning and itching in the perineal region is an integral symptom in acute inflammation of the cervix. Purulent, mucous membranes are often observed, sometimes even bloody issues.

With subacute inflammation of the cervix, the above symptoms practically disappear due to the body's addiction. However, the inflammation progresses, with the above signs becoming less noticeable.

In chronic inflammation, the symptoms remain the same as in subacute inflammation. They are not very noticeable, but there may be discomfort in the lower abdomen. In this case, the cervix thickens and there is a risk of erosion, which can later lead to oncology.

Diagnostic signs of inflammation of the uterine neck

If you correctly approach your intimate health, then questions like this will not arise. So, what to do with inflammation? The features of the development of a disease of the genital area are such that timely recognition of the disease is possible only when a woman regularly undergoes a full gynecological examination. In practice, this happens infrequently, and in most cases, the examination consists in considering the most superficial factors of inflammation. And yet.

Diagnosis of inflammation is carried out as follows:

gynecological examination with a mirror;

calposcopy - detection of hyperemia around the cervical canal;

prescribe a cytological examination - determine the type of rejected cells squamous epithelium;

a biopsy for inflammation of the cervix is prescribed for suspected malignant cells;

test for TORCH infections (HPV, chlamydia, gonococci, etc.);

a general blood test for inflammation of the cervix (an increased level of leukocytes indicates inflammation in the body).

With an asymptomatic course of inflammation of the cervix, it is possible to diagnose cervicitis only during gynecological examination cervix in the mirror. If symptoms of inflammation of the cervix are suspected, a colposcopy is usually performed - this is quite painless procedure, during which a special optical apparatus is used. The colposcope enlarges several times the image of the surface of the cervix, which makes it possible to detect the smallest erosion of the cervix.

The importance of monitoring the condition of the cervix should not be underestimated, especially in the case when there was an unsuccessful pregnancy, and, as a result, miscarriage and inflammation. In such a situation, the passage of a regular full-fledged examination becomes a necessity. To study the condition of the cervix, you can resort to ultrasound- Ultrasound. A special vaginal sensor allows you to measure the length, as well as determine the state of the internal pharynx.

If symptoms of inflammation are detected, you should first contact the antenatal clinic. The main symptomatology is the presence of whitish unnatural discharge and swelling of the cervix. A more advanced form of inflammation, which has turned into an acute form, looks somewhat different. In this case, pain may occur in the lower abdomen, burning and itching may be felt in the genitals, the amount of unnatural discharge increases, urination is accompanied by pain, and as a result of sexual intercourse, bleeding may open. All these signs of inflammation are a reason for an immediate visit to the gynecologist, since neglect of the disease will lead to much more serious consequences and severe damage to the genitourinary system.

Inflammation of the cervix does not necessarily begin in the cervical canal- it may well be transmitted from the bladder. It makes sense to undergo an even deeper examination, since even the elimination of the symptoms of the disease with the remaining pathogens will sooner or later lead to a relapse of the disease.

For effective fight with the disease, a complete cytological examination is necessary. When the causes and pathogens are identified, the doctor will prescribe the most effective medication course, which inevitably contains certain antibiotics. Therefore, in the case of a weakened immune system best solution will, along with taking antibiotics, resort to vitamin complexes and immunomodulators.

Treatment of cercivit with inflammation of the cervix

According to the results of the tests obtained, the doctor determines the reason why this inflammation was caused. Based on this, appointments are made. These can be local ointments, suppositories, compresses, tampons with herbal infusions, ointments, sprays, etc. in general. Actual now as a method of treating inflammation is cauterization, but it is rarely recommended for nulliparous girls. Accordingly, it is better to consult a doctor who can correctly determine the treatment strategy.

How to treat inflammation, a gynecologist prescribes, based on the results of tests and tests. Traditional technique based on some points.

Methods for treating inflammation of the cervix

First of all, this antibiotic therapy;

Topical preparations for acute form inflammation of the cervix is contraindicated, because there is a risk of a new infection or a harmful microorganism;

With an infectious cause of inflammation of the cervix, it is necessary to treat the partner - prescribe antibacterial drugs;

Local treatment inflammation of the cervix is prescribed when the exacerbation subsides;

Sometimes physiotherapy procedures are used;

Cryotherapy - with prolonged treatment;

Laser therapy is used when conservative method treatment does not work;

Cauterization of the tissues of the cervix with a high-frequency current (diathermocoagulation) - recommended in case of ineffectiveness conservative treatment;

Vitamin therapy;

Drugs to improve immunity.

Combined drugs which have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action. For example, terzhinan;

Hormonal preparations (ointments, creams, vaginal suppositories, tablets) in the treatment of inflammation of the cervix. It is mainly used for chronic inflammation. The drug Ovestin is widely used.

Antibiotic therapy for inflammation of the cervix with antibiotics

In order for the treatment of inflammation to be successful, it is first necessary to eliminate the cause of its development. Since the main cause of the development of inflammation of the cervix is an infection that can be bacterial, viral or fungal, antibiotics are used in the treatment. It is also possible the simultaneous presence of several infections at once, which in turn causes a more severe course of the disease and its transition to a chronic form.

The main drugs in the treatment of inflammation of the cervix are: Acyclovir, Metronidazole, Doxycycline, Diflucan and other antiviral, antifungal and antimicrobial drugs.

Hormone treatment for cervical inflammation

Hormonal agents are used, as a rule, in the treatment of chronic inflammation, which is accompanied by atrophy, i. exhaustion, mucous surface of the cervix. As a rule, drugs containing female sex hormones, estrogens, are used for these purposes.

Ovestin, a hormonal drug available in the form vaginal cream, suppositories and tablets for use in the treatment chronic inflammation. This drug promotes the restoration of cells of the mucosa, cervix.

If cervical erosion has appeared with cervicitis, then after anti-inflammatory treatment, cryodestruction, laser therapy and other methods of treating cervical erosion can be performed. Treatment with folk remedies is not recommended.

Causes and prevention of cercivit

Causes of inflammation of the cervix can be different. The main ones are:

Urogenital chlamydia is transmitted, usually sexually, by pathogens of chlamydia. Due to inflammation of the cervix, the development of vaginitis, as well as adnexitis, is possible, and ultimately the disease can lead to infertility. The main symptoms of urogenital chlamydia are: redness and itching in the vulva, yellowish or transparent selection from the vagina, pain after and during urination.

Urogenital mycoplasmosis, sexually transmitted, the causative agent is mycoplasma. This disease also leads to inflammation of the cervix, and can also cause infertility. The main symptoms are similar to those of chlamydia.

Gonorrhea as the cause of inflammation of the cervix, a sexually transmitted disease, the causative agent is gonococcus. Gonorrhea very quickly leads to inflammation of the cervix, which causes symptoms of inflammation of the cervix. Gonorrhea is manifested by yellow-green discharge from the urethra and vagina, pain in the lower abdomen, which is aggravated by urination.

Urogenital trichomoniasis is transmitted sexually. More often with trichomoniasis, exocervicitis develops, but inflammation of the cervical canal, that is, cervicitis, is also possible. Trichomoniasis is manifested by abundant foamy secretions having an unpleasant pungent odor from the vagina, itching and redness of the skin in the perineum, cutting pains when urinating, etc.

Candidiasis as the cause of cervicitis, the causative agents are Candida fungi. With candidiasis, an alkaline environment develops inside the vagina, as a result of which the local defenses of the body are weakened, the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix is irritated and vaginitis and cervicitis develop. Manifested by white, curdled vaginal discharge, itching in the perineum, pain during and after urination.

Bacterial vaginosis as a cause of inflammation of the cervix is characterized by a significant decrease in the number beneficial lactobacilli in the vaginal area and overgrowth pathogenic bacteria. At bacterial vaginosis the vagina becomes sharply alkaline, which in turn weakens the local defenses of the body and leads to the development of the inflammatory process of the cervix.

infectious diseases;

chemical substances as a cause of inflammation of the cervix (personal hygiene products, spermicidal contraceptives);

injuries and mechanical effects (douching, wearing a uterine ring, sexual intercourse);

microorganisms (Trichomonas, fungi);

concomitant diseases - colpitis, ectropion, salpingitis, pseudo-erosion of the cervix;

consequences of childbirth diagnostic curettage, abortion;

reduced immunity.

Prevention of inflammation of the cervix

Disease prevention involves:

compliance with the rules of personal hygiene,

correct selection hormonal and contraceptives,

misuse of antibiotics and other medications.

right choice sexual partners without any infectious diseases(including diseases of the genital organs),

abortion prevention

and proper management of childbirth (high-quality and timely suturing, if necessary).