Food poisoning prevention symptoms and first aid. Food poisoning - how to help at home? Food poisoning in children is dangerous due to its rapid development.

Unfortunately not very quality products, or cooking with violations of sanitary standards is not at all uncommon, and the consequence of this is acute food poisoning, the symptoms of which imply both treatment and emergency home care for the victim.

What it is?

Directly, acute food poisoning itself is a polyetiological disease, with a concomitant disorder of the digestive and intestinal functions, which is formed due to the ingestion of food filled with bacteria and toxins into the stomach, which may have different nature origin.

This pathology also includes the ingestion of toxic substances of both natural and artificial origin into the body.

What types are there?

The classification of this seemingly absolutely simple everyday illness in medicine is quite extensive, and is replete with special terms. If it is simplified, then, from the point of view of an ordinary person, acute food poisoning can be divided into three groups, depending on its causative agent:

Microbial in nature, this group can include all food infections, intoxication states, food toxicosis.
Non-microbial origin, i.e. poisoning inedible mushrooms, chemicals, plants, poisons and so on.
Poisoning by an unidentified pathogen, if it is impossible to recreate the etiology of the intoxication process.

Why does poisoning happen?

Most of of all acute poisonings occurs solely because of the fault of a person, and it is not at all necessary for the one who gets sick - acute exogenous poisonings, for example, usually begin due to violations of sanitary standards and non-compliance even with the most basic hygiene when preparing meals in restaurants and catering establishments.

The main factors that cause indigestion are:

Products and dishes prepared in violation of technological and sanitary requirements.
Improper storage of food temperature regime.
Expired shelf life, spoiled food (for example, slightly rotten cheap vegetables or fruits).
The presence of a toxin or poison initially, for example, in mushrooms, fish, wild berries.

Of the purchased food products, the culprits of intoxication are most often:

Confectionery with thick butter cream.
Bread, any, both black and white, especially expensive "special" breads are especially dangerous, the shelf life of which usually leaves much to be desired.
Dairy products, contrary to common misconception, can be poisoned not only with “homemade” milk, but also with pasteurized factory products.
Raw smoked sausages, meat, poultry and fish.
Salads that have stood with dressing for some time in the culinary department, this especially applies to mayonnaise dressings.
Mushrooms.
Weakly salted fish.
Seafood.
Fresh vegetables and fruits.
Canned food.

Unfortunately, most people are convinced that intestinal disorders will not occur if the starter deteriorates or simply boil the dubious product well. This opinion is especially widespread in relation to canned semi-finished products of soups, cabbage side dishes, cereals and other similar dishes “packed” in jars in a semi-ready state.

This position very often leads to the most acute food pathologies who require treatment for stationary conditions, which is not surprising, because no matter how the spoiled semi-finished product is processed, it will not become a guarantee that all pathogenic microorganisms will die.

Some types of causative agents of the disease are resistant to temperature, for example, Staphylococcus aureus does not die during boiling at all, rather, on the contrary, it multiplies intensively. Botulinum toxins, which become the causative agents of botulism, can only die with intense boiling for 30-40 minutes. And the dubious "gifts of the forest", that is, inedible or poisonous mushrooms, with any cooking retain all toxic qualities.

How to recognize?

Signs of acute poisoning can be very diverse, depending on what exactly became their source. However, in case of poisoning, there is general symptoms familiar to everyone who has suffered at least once from poor quality food:

uncomfortable incomprehensible sensations;
nausea, increasing in nature;
uncontrollable, and sometimes spontaneous, vomiting;
cramps, pain in the stomach and intestines;
seizures severe diarrhea, sometimes diarrhea can be spontaneous;
an increase in body temperature, on average, up to 38-39 degrees;
great weakness, dizziness.

In the case when, during poisoning, the source is in doubt, with increasing symptoms, if the disorder has occurred in a child, it is necessary to without fail call the medics, and provide first aid to the injured while they are driving.

Acute poisoning in children does not differ in its symptoms from the course of disorders in adults. The only difference is that it is more difficult to establish the source of intoxication, and the process itself is much more difficult for a child than an adult, and the consequences can be much more serious - up to the development of various complications, such as kidney failure or hypervolimic shock.

Stages of development

Any disorder, ailment or pathology has certain stages of development, and its treatment directly depends on the stage at which the disease is caught.

The stages of acute food poisoning are as follows:

Asymptomatic is the so-called latent, or “hidden” period, which occurs immediately after the causative agent of the disorder enters the body. The duration of the stage directly depends on the degree of spoilage of the product, the age and weight of the person, individual susceptibility and a number of other factors. At this stage, it is easiest to treat potential poisoning, especially in children. If a child is seen eating strange berries, for example, from a bush in a park or in a forest, he should immediately induce vomiting, wash his stomach, and give sorbents. Usually, no health effects after such urgent action does not come.
Toxigenic - its beginning is indicated by the manifestation of the first signs of the disease, and the finale occurs with the maximum possible removal of toxins from the stomach and medication. As a rule, it is at this stage that first aid is provided and doctors are called.
Convalescent - this compound word denotes the stage of recovery of the body. Its duration directly depends on the source. Sometimes, when poisoned by complex combinations of toxins, or poisons, the same mushrooms, remission can last up to several years and be accompanied by manifestations of various complications from nervous activity, functions endocrine system and a number of other pathologies that require independent additional treatment.

The minimum recovery time for an acute eating disorder is three days.

What to do?

The first thing to do with signs of a disorder, especially if they are very strong, or if a child is ill, is to call ambulance. Self-classification of poisoning is impossible, even when its source is precisely known.

In domestic conditions, it is possible to determine the type of disorder only at the level - "poisoned with bread, salad, sausage" and so on, that is, to designate the product, but the classification of the pathogen will remain unknown. For example, a piece of undercooked barbecue can carry both botulism and staphylococcus aureus and many other bacteria, or it can simply be eaten with unwashed hands.

In order to determine what kind of infection or intoxication "wound up" in the stomach, we need laboratory tests. They will also allow for the treatment that is necessary and effective in a particular case, respectively, to avoid complications.

Emergency measures, first aid, this is what you need to do while waiting for doctors.

The first aid itself acute poisoning consists of the following steps:

Rinse the stomach is a must, even if it seems that "everything is already out" with vomiting. Really need to flush and gastric juice, and part of the mucus - they also contain the causative agent of the disorder.

Washing itself at home is simple - you need to drink at least one and a half liters of water, in no case cold, wait a couple of minutes, until a feeling of seething or spasm appears, induce vomiting. This process will have to be repeated until an almost clear liquid comes out during vomiting - without the presence of bad smell, mucous formations or - a greenish-gray hue.

A very effective tool specifically for the washing process is simple potassium permanganate. Its solution has a disinfecting effect, the main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of manganese potassium, so as not to cause burns on the mucous membrane, the solution should be pale pink, and the crystals should be completely dissolved.

It is permissible to wash the stomach with soda, you need to prepare such a solution in the following proportions - one dessert spoon for a couple of liters of water - for children, and - a tablespoon for two liters - for adults.

Sorbents - after washing the stomach, you should make sure that severe spasms have receded, and vomiting has stopped, then you need to give the patient "first-aid" medicines.

Sorbents are essential medicines for acute poisoning. The most effective and versatile of them is the usual Activated carbon. This drug has been known since the time of ancient civilizations, and since then, has not changed at all. Black pills continue to contain all-natural ingredients such as coke, nutshells and recycled wood products.

Coal has no contraindications and an overdose of them is also impossible. Therefore, it will perfectly help to collect and remove the remnants of toxins from the body for pregnant women, the elderly and children, including the smallest of them.

Like all medical preparations, coal has recommendations for use. It is dosed simply - 1 black puck for every 10 kg of weight, regardless of age. Pregnant women need to increase this amount, for them - 1.5 tablets for every 10 kg.

As for the reception, it is quite difficult for a person who vomited heart-rendingly to swallow hard coal washers. Therefore, the medicine must be crushed and dissolved in water, in an amount that is not very difficult to drink. Ideally - half a glass, since such a volume of liquid will not provoke muscle spasms and will be drunk quite easily by victims of poisoning.

You can also take other medicinal sorbents that have a similar effect.

Helping young children while waiting for the arrival of a medical team is no different from helping adult patients.

Recovery

The doctors who arrived on call, based on the patient's condition and the information received from the words about the causes of the disorder, decide on the need for hospitalization or the possibility home treatment. They also provide advice on the right medicines.

As a rule, if going to the hospital is deemed inappropriate, home therapy is based on taking sorbents for 3-7 days. Among the drugs recommended by doctors, the most common are:

coal, both black and white;
smecta;
enterosgel;
Lactofiltrum.

Medications are taken according to the instructions, usually sorbents are recommended to be used 4 to 6 times a day.

Drinking plenty of fluids is also an important part of the healing process, as eating disorders severely dehydrate the human body. Ideal for drinks:

Warm water, simple, drinking.
Infusion medicinal chamomile.
Weakly brewed Linden blossom.
Warm water with a little honey added.
Weak unsweetened tea.

Food - under a complete ban for at least a day, and sometimes for more long period. It depends on the condition of the patient and the severity of the poisoning. If everything is fine, then you can start eating already on the second day, and the first dishes should be:

vegetable broths, lightly salted;
liquid vegetable puree, on water and without oils.

At favorable course rehabilitation after a disorder, you can return to your usual diet in a week. And all this time, in no case should you eat:

Dairy products, in any form.
White bread and sweet dough products.
Use spices, seasonings, vinegar, sugar, a large number of salt.
Extreme foods for the stomach - pickles, pickled foods, smoked meats, confectionery, sauces and much more.

As a support for the body during treatment, honey is indispensable, of course, in reasonable quantities.

Video: food poisoning.

Prevention of acute eating disorders

Food poisoning is a disease that is easier to avoid than to treat its consequences. This is especially true for young children, the elderly and pregnant women who are extremely difficult to tolerate food poisoning.

For successful prevention, you need to bring to "automaticity", turn into a habit, a number of very simple actions:

Be sure to wash your hands - after returning from the street, before cooking, during cooking, after visiting the toilet, after any household chores - always wash your hands and teach children to do this.
Maintain hygiene in the kitchen - change towels regularly, use different boards and knives for different food groups, be sure to wash them thoroughly.
He is attentive to such moments as the expiration dates of products and their storage conditions, for example, in many in the kitchen just like that, on dining table, there is ketchup - however, this sauce deteriorates at temperatures above 12 degrees.
Be sure to boil, bake and fry all food, you should not risk your health for the sake of the dubious pleasure of eating half-baked meat or poultry.
Do not eat at questionable restaurants or cafes, avoid snacking on the go, do not teach children to eat ice cream or something else in the park while walking dirty hands.
Avoid public toilets especially street ones.
Always carry wet disinfectant wipes with you.

It is especially important to accustom children to full observance of personal hygiene. Unfortunately, if in kindergartens they still take kids to wash their hands before eating, then in schools they don’t even remind about this. Yes, and often there is no basic soap in school toilets, which, of course, remains on the conscience educational institutions, but is not a reason to risk health.

Therefore, the student needs to be given napkins with him so that the child has the technical ability to at least wipe his hands before going down to the canteen for a big break.

Of course, this list can be continued, but even these rules of everyday behavior taken into the habit will certainly reduce the risk of acute food poisoning, in which it is often necessary serious treatment to a minimum.

Bacteria and toxins are found in poor-quality and stale foods. If they enter the stomach, there is heaviness in the abdomen and nausea. Painful condition dangerous, so first aid for food poisoning is very important. You need to act immediately, otherwise the poisons will have time to penetrate into the bloodstream and begin to destroy organs and tissues.

Main symptoms

Food poisoning in an adult occurs by different reasons. Most often, the culprits of the trouble are ordinary inattention and insufficient quality control of products. You can get poisoned at a picnic, in a catering canteen, in a cafe, and even at home if the food was stored in violation of sanitary standards.

Symptoms of food poisoning in adults appear quickly. The rate of development of the disease depends on which product caused it.

Spoiled food provokes nausea and vomiting 2-4 hours after consumption.
Poisonous plants that have entered the stomach are manifested by colic, diarrhea after 4-12 hours.
Pathogenic microorganisms spread instantly. Infection becomes noticeable within a day.

Food poisoning gives itself violent signs. If measures are not taken immediately, the intoxication of the body intensifies and begins to threaten human life. Characteristic symptoms poisoning:

cramps in the abdomen;
intestinal colic;
nausea, vomiting;
diarrhea;
headache, weakness.

When, in addition to these signs, the temperature rises, chills disturb, rapid pulse, excessive salivation, this is a signal that the acute intoxication. Required urgent help experienced doctor.

The products may have dangerous bacteria that cause salmonellosis or botulism. Then even fresh-looking food provokes inflammation. Toxins enter the bloodstream and disrupt the functioning of the heart and lungs. If the patient complains of blurred vision and is having difficulty breathing, then the nervous system suffers. It is urgent to cleanse the body and neutralize toxins, otherwise the consequences may be unpredictable.

Do not forget that the treatment of food poisoning at home is possible only on initial stage when the disease progresses mild form. If the patient's condition worsens or from, immediately call an ambulance.

First aid

If you've been experiencing signs of food poisoning, think about what might have caused them. Eating mushrooms, berries, any canned food, cream cakes or fish the day before is a reason to suspect severe form poisoning. Be sure to call the hospital. Pending medical team assistance is required. It is the same as with mild poisoning with stale food.

First aid for food poisoning includes plentiful drink and gastric lavage.

You will need to prepare a weak solution of common salt. A small amount should be mixed in warm clean water.
Pour a full glass of liquid and drink it in slow sips. This will trigger the gag reflex.
If it is not observed, help yourself by pressing on the root of the tongue with your fingers.
After vomiting, rest, calm down and repeat the procedure again.
Usually, to clear the stomach of harmful contents, you need to drink at least 4-5 glasses.
When the vomit comes out without impurities of food and mucus, you can stop the process, wash your face and rinse your mouth.

First aid for poisoning food products not finished yet. Most likely, toxic substances have managed to partially absorb into the blood, so it is necessary to reduce intoxication with the adsorbent.

Affordable natural remedy- Activated carbon. Take it at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight.
Sometimes drugs provoke a new urge to vomit. Try to suppress it for at least half an hour. During this time, the coal will have time to do the work and adsorb toxins.
If vomiting is not controlled, wait until the stomach calms down, re-drink the charcoal tablets and lie down to rest.

It is advisable to put a cool cloth soaked in a solution of salt water on the forehead. It will reduce pain in the temples, help to remove toxins from the body and calm.

In some cases, food poisoning is not accompanied by nausea, so it is difficult to induce vomiting. This happens when spoiled food quickly leaves the stomach and lingers in the intestines. Do not provoke increased vomiting, it will no longer help.

What to do next

Don't try to treat diarrhea with medication and folk ways. With its help, the intestines are cleansed of the processes of decay and toxins. You can stop diarrhea only with the permission of your doctor.

Dehydration is a dangerous tendency that food poisoning causes, and the first aid is to replace fluids. In spite of discomfort, vomiting and diarrhea have a positive effect on the patient. The body is protected from intoxication and cleansed. But along with feces, a person loses water, the reserves of which must be replenished. Doctors recommend drinking a glass of purified water after each trip to the toilet. cool water without gas in small sips, slowly.

What should an adult do in case of food poisoning when first aid measures are over?

Plentiful drinking is required. At least 3 liters of fluid is required per day.
If there is heaviness in the stomach, it continues to stir up and it feels like the stomach is clogged with food, drink only clean water.
When the condition has improved, it is allowed to brew chamomile or other medicinal herbs.
For taste, you can put a small spoonful of honey. Drink as much as possible and stay in bed.

Acute food poisoning suggests that after first aid it will not be possible to eat during the day. Stick to this rule even if you feel hungry.

When the patient's condition worsens, he has chills and his mind is confused, there is no need to take risks and look for a way to treat food poisoning with a temperature. The symptom means that severe intoxication has begun. The person needs hospitalization and special therapy.

During the day, toxins should be neutralized, so you can include in the diet light food enveloping the mucous membrane without spices and salt.

For the entire duration of treatment, it is forbidden to consume fatty, spicy dishes, smoked meats, milk, sour cream. These foods exacerbate and exacerbate inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

In the case of food poisoning in an adult, if the symptoms and treatment are quickly brought under control, the problem does not lead to serious complications if you adhere to proper nutrition. From the second day, vegetable broth and enveloping oatmeal jelly. Little by little, this menu can be expanded:

boiled rice, buckwheat porridge;
potatoes in water without oil;
boiled vegetables;
dried whole grain bread slices;
baked apples, bananas.

In order for food poisoning treatment at home to help, meals must be fractional and have a calming effect. Eat small meals every 3-4 hours. Remember to drink plenty of fluids and gradually gastrointestinal tract will start functioning normally.

When the poisoning is mild, improvement occurs on the 3rd day, but the diet should be followed much longer in order to restore health.

Prevention

In the case of food poisoning, symptoms and treatment are interrelated. But the problem will not appear if competent prevention of the disease is carried out.

Be sure to wash your hands after coming from the street and before eating.
Buy quality products, paying attention to the expiration date and appearance.
Completely give up canned food and smoked meats.
Cook your food in a smart way and try to eat it right away.
When storing, do not allow boiled and fresh food to come into contact.
Maintain sterile cleanliness in the kitchen. Wash fruits in several waters, even if they are collected in your garden.

Folk methods of treatment

It will help to quickly neutralize food poisoning treatment at home using folk recipes. Please consult your doctor before using any of these products.

Enveloping decoctions help to relieve inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Take a large spoonful of flaxseed, pour a liter clean water and put on fire.
Bring to a boil, simmer for 10 minutes and turn off.
Cool, strain the decoction through a sieve and drink one glass before meals.

What to do in case of poisoning to ease abdominal pain? Take advantage of the healing cinnamon tea.

Measure out a teaspoon of ground seasoning, mix it in an enamel pan with a glass of water and boil.
Let steep for 5 minutes, filter and drink one serving at a time.
If after three hours there is no improvement, brew a new decoction and repeat the reception.

Manifestations of intoxication can be eliminated with herbal teas.

Mix together half a teaspoon of dried mint, grated ginger and ground cinnamon.
Pour the collection with 250 ml of boiling water, cover and wait 10-15 minutes.
Then put a circle of lemon in a cup and drink hot in small sips.
This tea is useful to prepare several times a day and drink between meals.

Quickly soothes intestinal upset millet. Grind it into a powder and take one teaspoon every hour throughout the day with water.

Do not forget: the problem of poisoning is easier to prevent than to cure. Be healthy and careful when buying products!

Such a disorder can occur in absolutely any person, since food poisoning is the most common disease. There are several specific symptoms this disease. They manifest themselves in the form of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, dehydration. An important role in the course of such a violation is played by the level of immunity. So, in some it can manifest itself to a slight extent, while in others it can be acute.

Symptoms of poisoning can appear both a few hours after eating stale food, and occur the next day. Eating disorders are divided into several types, the most common among them is bacterial, a little less common is non-bacterial. For diagnosis, it is necessary to find out what caused the appearance of such a disorder, and the type of microorganism that affected it (through the study of vomit and feces, urine and blood). Treatment consists of immediate gastric lavage and a cleansing enema. Treatment and prevention of food poisoning can be carried out at home, but only after the patient has been examined by a specialist.

Etiology

There are quite a few factors for the occurrence of poisoning, but the most common among them is eating low-quality foods that are enriched with toxic substances or bacteria that negatively affect the digestive tract. The main causative agents of this disorder are:

inedible types of mushrooms and berries, or those that were collected in an unintended place, for example, near factories that make chemical emissions or not far from highways;
microbes found in food. Poisoning can be caused by salmonella, and various viruses.

In addition, the group highest risk, where microorganisms can appear and multiply, are the following products:

dairy and sour milk - their expiration date is the fastest compared to other food products. This is the main factor causing food poisoning in a child;
eggs, especially in raw form;
various types of meat;
unripe fruits and vegetables;
fish, in particular those dishes that include it without prior heat treatment;
sweet bakery or confectionery products containing cream;
home-made canned food and pickles;
products whose vacuum packaging has been violated, as well as the shelf life has expired;
perishable food stored without a refrigerator;
improper storage and use of products in educational institutions, as well as in canteens in production.

Varieties

Classification of food poisoning according to the factor of their occurrence:

microbial - caused by various microorganisms that multiply in food, and the toxins they release;
non-microbial - manifested through human contact with products that are inedible by nature, among them - plants, berries or mushrooms, animal tissues or animal products, for example, milk or fish caviar, which can be poisonous under certain conditions;
mixed;
unidentified in origin - often these include poisoning with metals or chemical elements.

Classification of food poisoning depending on the degree of leakage this disorder and intensity of expression of symptoms:

asymptomatic- this stage lasts from the initial entry of the toxin into the body until the first signs appear. This period can last for each person in different ways, since it depends on the amount of stale food taken, general condition immunity and age group. It is important to start treatment, especially in a child, precisely at this stage, when the toxic substance has not spread throughout the body along with the bloodstream. First aid at home consists of gastric lavage and taking sorbent medications;
toxigenic- characterized by the appearance acute symptoms in a child, because small organism pathogenic process proceeds much faster. In adults, they appear with less intensity. Signs include bouts of vomiting, fever, and aversion to food. At this stage, it is necessary to wash the stomach, make a cleansing enema, and then produce forced diuresis - in which a lot of fluid is introduced into the body and diuretics are given;
convalescence- during which the disturbed functions of the body are restored. During this period, it is necessary to adhere to a diet at home and correct mode nutrition.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of food poisoning in children appear after a few hours, and in an adult this period of time can be from ten to twenty four hours. To the signs of this eating disorder relate:

headaches, gradually increasing;
increased salivation;
severe sweating;
weakness and malaise;
severe dizziness;
dry mouth;
bloating;
urination disorders;
an increase in body temperature, in rare cases it rises to 39 degrees. Fever and hallucinations can only occur with mushroom poisoning;
muscle pain and weakness;
lowering blood pressure;
decrease or complete absence appetite
soreness in the lower abdomen (can manifest itself in the form of contractions);
sudden diarrhea;
shade change skin pale to bluish;
a decrease in the work of the heart and kidneys is expressed with food poisoning in a child.

The above signs of poisoning are most dangerous for a child, especially for infants under one year old, since some of them can become a significant threat to his life. It is recommended that when the first symptoms appear, immediately call an ambulance, since at home it is impossible to provide first aid to babies due to the fact that the child cannot take a lot of liquid and activated charcoal tablets.

Food poisoning during pregnancy is practically no different from the manifestation of this disorder in other female representatives. The only difference is that there may be a more intense manifestation of signs of food poisoning, which is caused by the presence, which brings more discomfort to the woman carrying the child. If in such a period to start timely treatment, you can avoid the appearance of blood clots (may be caused by blood clots), as well as a strong uterine contraction caused by dehydration. But in most cases, such an ailment does not harm the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. Cannot be used during pregnancy self-treatment at home with the help of folk remedies. Be sure to follow a sparing diet.

After manifestation the following symptoms food poisoning in an adult or child, you should immediately contact a specialist:

admixture of blood in vomit and feces;
an increase in body temperature up to forty degrees;
convulsions;
disorders of the central nervous system;
slow heart rate;
labored breathing;
swelling of the face or limbs;
severe weakness of the muscles, in which the patient cannot hold any object, and the child - the head in an upright position.

These signs can lead to a coma.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of food poisoning is to determine the factors of its occurrence. To do this, you need to:

a blood test to detect bacteria;
the study of feces, urine and vomit - is carried out to isolate the pathogen;
examination of contaminated food.

After that, additional consultations with such specialists as a neurologist, gastroenterologist, surgeon will be needed. If the patient is a child, similar specialists in the pediatric field. Such physicians can differential diagnosis this disorder with diseases such as:

spicy ;
- acute or chronic form;
- inflammatory process gallbladder;
- inflammation of the pancreas;
- an infection affecting the lining of the brain.

After the attending physician receives all the test results, he will determine what to do with food poisoning and prescribe the most effective treatment tactics.

Treatment

Before the arrival of the ambulance, it is necessary to provide the patient with first aid for food poisoning, which consists of:

gastric lavage with a saline or weak solution of potassium permanganate. This should be carried out until the water becomes clean, without food impurities;
taking activated charcoal or other absorbent medications;
drinking cool purified water or warm sweet tea - in order to prevent dehydration;
providing rest to the patient;
refusal of any food.

Such methods can be applied during food poisoning during pregnancy and other adults. If such a disorder has appeared in a child, especially in babies less than a year old, it is necessary to wait for the arrival of doctors. After arriving at medical institution, the patient is given additional measures eradication treatment toxic substances, infections and disorders of the nervous system. With timely treatment of this disease, it passes without consequences for the body for seven days.

Besides, important role in the treatment of food poisoning plays a specially formulated sparing diet, which provides for the rejection of dishes with great content fats and carbohydrates, hot spices and sauces, as well as foods that have a chemical effect on the digestive tract. During the diet, you can eat in any quantities:

first courses cooked in low-fat broths;
boiled meat and fish, but not fatty varieties;
buckwheat, rice and oatmeal;
mashed potatoes;
kissels, compotes and weak teas;
cottage cheese;
eggs - can only be eaten boiled or as an omelette;
white bread crumbs.

The diet provides for the rejection of:

bakery and confectionery products;
milk and hard cheeses;
legumes;
sweets;
fatty meats and fish;
dishes prepared with a high content table salt and vegetable oil;
smoked meats;
sweet carbonated drinks and concentrated juices;
homemade pickles and canned food.

During the diet, you need to follow the rules of eating:

monitor the calorie content of meals. You can eat no more than two thousand kilocalories per day;
the diet should consist of six meals throughout the day;
food can only be steamed or in the oven, without adding oil;
drink at least two liters of fluid per day.

It is important to remember that without dieting drug treatment will have less effect.

In addition, at home, you can use folk remedies treatment, consisting of decoctions and infusions based on:

honey and dill;
roots of marshmallow and mountain ash;
wild rose;
lemon juice;
rice and flax seeds.

But you can use such therapies at home only after a doctor's prescription.

Prevention

To prevent food poisoning, you must:

before eating, do not forget to wash your hands, vegetables and fruits;
adhere to the rules of processing and storage of products. Always, with the help of their receptors, check their freshness;
drink only purified water;
do not eat dishes consisting of products of unknown origin;
clean food in the refrigerator in a timely manner;
at the first manifestation of symptoms of food poisoning, consult a doctor, and the child - call an ambulance.

Everyone has experienced the symptoms of food poisoning at least once. The reason may be poor-quality and poisonous food, chemical substances or toxoinfection (influence of pathogens: solmanella, staphylococci). The most susceptible to poisoning are children, people with weakened immune systems and pathologies of the digestive tract.

How does food poisoning occur?

When a person develops, symptoms do not appear immediately, but 1-2 hours after eating. And that's why. Bacteria and toxic substances enter the body with water and food. Eaten foods are digested in the stomach for about an hour and a half, after which they enter the small intestine. There, microbes are activated, and toxins begin to enter the bloodstream, causing a painful reaction in the body. A person develops signs of general intoxication.

Exist sanitary rules and norms, the implementation of which allows you to protect yourself and your loved ones from poisoning. If the trouble still happened, you should not try to heal yourself or ask friends for advice, it is better to call a doctor. Each case should be handled by a specialist: a hairdresser knows how often to henna, and a doctor knows how to treat food poisoning.

Typical symptoms of food poisoning in adults

The nature of the symptoms and their intensity do not depend on the cause of the poisoning and are almost always the same. An adult with a strong immune system will feel unwell 2-24 hours after consumption hazardous product. Weakened and sick people feel nausea after 10 minutes. Characteristic signs of food poisoning, symptoms acute condition:

● abdominal discomfort. A person feels heaviness, swelling, acute pain;
● increased heart rate, irregular heartbeat;
● pallor, cold sweat, bluish tint of lips;
● liquid stool for a long time. Possible impurities of blood in the feces;
● heat, up to 40 ºС;
● severe vomiting;
● chills, fever, general weakness;
● Botulinum toxins cause blurred vision and bronchospasm.

Mild poisoning disappears within 1-3 days with complete disappearance of symptoms. Severe intoxication leads to loss of consciousness and even death of a person.

Typical symptoms of food poisoning in children

Children get sick much more severely than adults. A growing organism is extremely susceptible to toxins and microbes. Sometimes food that did not harm the parents causes severe poisoning in the child. It is always bad and unpleasant. But there's nothing left to teach your child elementary rules sanitary safety: wash hands before eating, eat only well-washed fruits and vegetables, do not eat stale foods.

First characteristics poisoning occurs in children quickly, within 30-40 minutes (less often - after a few days). In many ways, the clinical picture is similar to what adults feel:

● abdominal pain, bloating;
● repeated vomiting;
● loose stools with impurities of mucus, blood, undigested food;
● weakness, pallor;
● fever;
● frequent pulse;
● with botulism, there is difficulty in swallowing, impaired speech, reduced visual clarity.

The situation is sometimes aggravated by convulsions, breathing becomes superficial. If the child is not treated in time, dehydration can quickly set in. The baby's skin will become pale, the lips and mucous membranes will dry out, the pressure will decrease, the urine will become dark in color.

What to do if a child has food poisoning?

The most dangerous phenomenon in food poisoning is dehydration. It occurs due to diarrhea and repeated vomiting. What to do if a child is poisoned?

First, call a doctor. Even if the symptoms seem mild, the condition may worsen within minutes. In addition, the doctor will accurately determine the cause of the ailment. All of the above symptoms may relate to appendicitis, dysbacteriosis, intestinal infection.

Secondly, put the child to bed, but do not wrap him up. Excessive sweating accelerate the removal of fluid from the body. If the baby has a fever and chills, you can give him an antipyretic or wipe.

Third, drink every 10-15 minutes. With frequent vomiting, give liquid with a teaspoon every 5 minutes. Small volumes of water will have time to digest and will not come out with feces. It is recommended to prepare a solution of glucose or rehydron as a drink.

Fourth, in children school age gastric lavage can be performed. To do this, you need to drink at least a liter of water with the addition of baking soda(1 tsp), and then induce vomiting.

Forbidden:

1) give the child a solution of potassium permanganate or mineral water to drink;
2) independently apply medicines for vomiting and diarrhea, give antibiotics.

Regardless of, what are the symptoms of stomach poisoning manifested in a child, any drugs will change clinical picture, and it will be more difficult for a specialist to make a diagnosis.

The chance of food poisoning can be minimized if care is taken. Any products that are expired or suspected of poor quality should be thrown away without regret.

Food poisoning is a condition that needs to be treated as soon as possible. medical treatment. The sooner the victim is helped, the greater the chance of avoiding suction. toxic substances into the blood and, as a result, their negative impact on the body.

Treatment for food poisoning can be done at home, but only in the early stages when the first symptoms appeared. If the condition is rapidly deteriorating, and therapeutic measures do not bring a positive result, the patient needs to urgently take them to the nearest hospital or call an emergency team.

Food poisoning is the result of eating food that has been contaminated in some way. pathogenic microorganisms. So, for example, when using stale, spoiled or dirty products, they most often become the cause of the development of pathology. In addition, poisoning can cause non-compliance with sanitary and / or hygiene standards.

Symptoms of food poisoning may appear within 25-35 minutes after they enter the body, but it happens that it takes about a day before the onset of symptoms. As a rule, without treatment, the symptoms of poisoning progress rapidly, and the patient's condition worsens significantly. Typical for food poisoning are:

painful feeling of nausea;
plentiful, frequent vomiting, which contains particles of food eaten, gastric juice;
increased secretion of saliva;
diarrhea characterized by a watery consistency, fetidity, the content of undigested food particles;
increase in subfebrile temperature;
chills, fever;
feeling of weakness, dizziness;
functional disorders of the central nervous system.

Symptoms of food poisoning can persist for up to 3 days, with a gradual subsidence.

After the patient has eaten a low-quality product, he can be tormented for another 7-10 days pain in the abdomen, great gas formation, weakness.

First aid

Mild food poisoning can last from several hours to 2-3 days, but it happens that pathogenic microflora that enters the body along with poor quality food, leads to the development of more complex forms of pathology. Whatever form of poisoning a person has, his treatment at home should be built as follows:

excretion of food from the body, which caused the recovery and elimination of toxins, gastric lavage;
prevention of dehydration;
restoration of normal intestinal microflora;
following diets to restore the digestive system.

What to do if children are poisoned?

When eating, it is very important to take therapeutic measures as soon as possible. The main thing to do is to induce vomiting in the baby by pressing index finger to the root of his tongue. Next, the child must be given plenty of warm water. brine, which is prepared by diluting 2-3 teaspoons of table salt in 200 ml of warm water (boiled!). Alternate the procedure for inducing vomiting and drinking salt water until the baby's vomit does not consist only of clear water.

The volume of liquid used for gastric lavage must not exceed 3 liters!

After the gastric lavage has been performed, enterosorbents must be introduced into the body. In the case of young patients, it must be borne in mind that not all drugs have an effective effect on food poisoning. For example, traditional activated charcoal is considered ineffective for children. Besides, this medicine can harm the delicate lining of the stomach of the crumbs. Charcoal also has the ability to color stool in black, which can become a significant hindrance in further diagnosis.

In pediatrics, sorbents containing silicon, such as Enterosgel, are most often used.

If food poisoning has occurred in a child whose age is not older than 3 years, it is necessary urgent hospitalization regardless of how severe the symptoms are. The body of such young children is subject to more rapid development of dehydration, which poses a huge threat to life. In addition, at home it is very difficult to get the baby to drink large amounts of water in order to avoid dehydration. In a hospital environment similar procedures carried out by intravenous administration of special solutions.

When to see a doctor?

Most often, poor-quality food poisoning can be dealt with without medical intervention. However hospitalization is mandatory in the following cases:

poisoning in a child under 3 years of age;
poisoning in a woman expecting the birth of a baby;
poisoning in the elderly;
very frequent diarrhea(more than 10 times);
diarrhea with blood;
an increase in temperature that does not decrease within 48 hours after eating low-quality food;
vomiting that cannot be stopped even by taking medicines;
growing feeling of weakness, drowsiness;
symptoms of food poisoning persist for more than 3 days.

First aid for poisoning at home

If the patient is conscious, he give plenty of clean water to drink, then press on the root of the tongue (only for victims over 6 years old!), causing vomiting. The alternation of actions is carried out until clean wash water appears.

After the patient has washed the stomach, it is very important to give him some kind of sorbent. As a rule, in emergency cases activated charcoal is at hand, which must be given at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of the patient's weight. Often used white clay, which must first be diluted in water.

If a person's condition begins to deteriorate, it is urgent to call an ambulance.

Treatment at home

Step 1. Gastric lavage

The very first thing to do in case of food poisoning is to wash the stomach. This process helps to remove the remains of low-quality products, toxins and their waste products from the body.

For washing, the best remedy is a solution of potassium permanganate. The solution should be very weak, you can navigate by the color of the liquid - it should be slightly pink. It is necessary to prepare at least 2 liters of the solution and try to drink it, thereby causing vomiting.

If potassium permanganate was not at hand, you can use water with salt diluted in it.

It is important to remember that the vomiting that accompanies food poisoning is not enough to cleanse the body as much as possible, so artificial stimulation of vomiting is essential part treatment of poisoning at home.

If there is no nausea and vomiting during poisoning, then this phenomenon may indicate that the poisoned product has left the stomach and is now in the intestines. For the speedy removal of toxins from the body in this case, it is necessary to cause diarrhea. To do this, you can do as cleansing enema and use any laxatives.

Step 2. Take the sorbent

Sorbents are drugs that help remove toxic microparticles from the body. The most popular among this group of drugs is activated charcoal. Coal helps prevent the absorption of toxins, metal salts, alkaloids, etc. in the gastrointestinal tract, and also contributes to their natural excretion from the body.

In case of food poisoning, activated charcoal is taken 1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight. In other words, if the weight of the victim is 6 kg, then he needs to take at least 6 tablets of the drug. Experts advise taking coal in the form of an aqueous suspension. It is very easy to make - you need to crush required amount tablets and dilute them in 100 ml of boiled water.

Step 3: Drink plenty of water

Vomiting and diarrhea, which are common symptoms of food poisoning, lead to dehydration. In order to avoid possible negative consequences rehydration, it is necessary to replenish fluid reserves. Experts recommend consuming at least 2.5 liters per day. It is best to salt the water a little or take solutions of special medicines, such as Regidron, Oralit, etc.

Step 5. Start restoring the intestinal microflora.

After vomiting stops completely, it is very important to start taking medications that restore the intestinal microflora.

Step 6. Follow the diet and diet.

On the first day after poisoning, when the symptoms are pronounced, the patient is advised to stay in bed and refuse to eat any food except water.

The next day, you can eat a little jelly, wheat bread crackers without any additives. It is also allowed liquid mashed potatoes or oatmeal, the preparation of which was carried out on the water.

Medicines

An antidiarrheal drug based on herbal ingredients. Available in the form of syrup and capsules, it has anti-inflammatory, adsorbing, antimicrobial action, and is also a moderate antispasmodic.

Contraindications:

insufficiency of kidney / liver function;
inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract;
intestinal obstruction;
diarrhea caused by infections;
During pregnancy and breastfeeding;
children's age up to 12 years;
severe dehydration.

The price of the drug is 120-190 rubles.

An antidiarrheal drug that has antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antifungal effects.

Contraindications:

hypersensitivity to components;
insufficiency of kidney function;
children's age up to 6 years.

The price of the drug varies between 420-460 rubles.

Enterosorbent, prescribed for various intoxications, intestinal infections, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperazotemia. Produced in the form of a powder intended for the preparation of a suspension.

Contraindications:

stomach ulcer and / or 12-colon ulcer;
intestinal atony;
bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract;
intolerance to the components of the drug.

The price of the enterosorbent is 115-130 rubles.

Enterosorbent, produced in the form of a paste.

Contraindications:

drug intolerance;
intestinal atony.

The price of the drug is 320-400 rubles.

A drug that regulates the balance of intestinal microflora.

Contraindications:

intolerance to the components of the drug;
intolerance to dairy products.

The price is 240-260 rubles.

A drug used to rehydrate the body. It is also used to remove toxins.

Contraindications:

functional disorders of the kidneys;
diabetes;
unconscious state;
intestinal obstruction;
hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

The price varies between 32-40 rubles for 1 sachet.

Alternative treatment

Infusion of cinnamon

15 g of ground cinnamon pour 1 liter of boiling water, stir and let it brew for 15-20 minutes. Strain, take orally during the day in small sips. The infusion fights nausea.

ginger tea

1 tsp ginger root, chopped on a grater, pour 250 ml of hot (not boiling water) water and insist for 5 minutes. Add sugar or honey to taste, drink after meals at lunch, in the evening, at night. The tool helps to fight nausea.

Dill decoction + honey

Dill seeds in the amount of 1 tsp pour 350 ml of boiling water and leave for 5 minutes. Pour the infusion into a deep bowl, put on fire and boil for 2-30 minutes. Strain, dilute 1 tsp. honey. Take 1 liter of this remedy in small sips within 24 hours.

The acid contained in the lemon contributes to the death of the bacteria that led to the poisoning. Mix freshly squeezed juice of 1/2 lemon with 1 tsp. honey and consume inside. Take every 8-12 hours. Can also be diluted lemon juice a small amount water.

Important: this recipe contraindicated in patients with any and hyperacidity stomach.

Yarrow + wormwood

1 teaspoon of a dry mixture of yarrow and wormwood (1: 1) pour 500 liters of boiling water and leave for 15-25 minutes. Strain the infusion, squeeze it out and take it orally within 24 hours, 100 ml at a time.

Cumin seeds are very effective in dealing with inflammatory process in the stomach, which develops after the onset of symptoms of food poisoning. For treatment, you need 1 tbsp. l. crush seeds and swallow with 250 ml of warm water.

Altea

Grind the roots of the plant and 1 tsp. the resulting slurry pour 100 ml of boiling water. Leave for 25-30 minutes, strain, add honey and take 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day.

20 st. l. dry leaves and flowers of marshmallow pour 400 ml of boiling water, leave for 4 hours. Take orally 3 times a day, 100-120 ml.

More folk recipes in the video below

What can not be done in case of poisoning?

induce vomiting in an unconscious person;
induce vomiting in a woman expecting the birth of a child;
induce vomiting in a person with heart disease;
treat the patient with carbonated water.

Diet after food poisoning

During the first few days after poisoning, it is not recommended to consume fatty and fried foods. It is important for the period of treatment and recovery to refuse

milk;
flour and flour products;
alcohol.

For the period of treatment, meat products are allowed, steamed or boiled. Rice and potatoes are also allowed.

Of the liquids, it is allowed to use rosehip broth, green tea, chamomile infusion.

Prevention

Compliance with temperature standards when storing products.
The use of only familiar plants and mushrooms.
preliminary heat treatment homemade dairy products.
Boiling tap water for drinking.
Compliance with sanitary and hygiene standards when cooking.
Eating only fresh foods.
Eating finished products, which were stored no longer than 3 days (even in the refrigerator).

Food poisoning is a condition that poses a threat not only to health, but also to human life. You can treat it at home, but you should listen to your body and, if you feel worse, seek the advice of an experienced doctor.