Vision has fallen - what is the reason and how to restore it. Sharp visual impairment: causes

Most people who naturally have good eyesight are accustomed to taking this as a given, and in most cases they think little about the value of this ability of the body. A person begins to truly appreciate vision only when the first collision occurs with the limitations that arise against the background of visual impairment.

The fact of losing a clear visual sense of touch leads to a temporary disorder of a person, but most often not for long. If at first the patient tries to take measures to preserve vision and prevent its further fall, then after correction with lenses or glasses, prevention stops.

As practice shows, only an expensive operation can make citizens take prevention and measures aimed at maintaining the result achieved by the operation more seriously. So what causes vision loss, how can they be dealt with routinely, and when is emergency medical attention needed?

Falling vision options:

color perception disorders;

visual field pathology;

lack of binocular vision;

double vision;

decreased visual acuity;

Decreased visual acuity

The norm of visual acuity in children after five years and in adults should be 1.0. This indicator indicates that the human eye can clearly distinguish two points from a distance of 1.45 meters, provided that the person looks at the points at an angle of 1/60 of a degree.

Loss of clarity of vision is possible with astigmatism, farsightedness, myopia. These visual disturbances refer to the state of ametropia, when the image begins to be projected outside the retina.

Myopia

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a condition of vision where light rays project an image up to the retina. In this case, far vision deteriorates. Myopia is of two types: acquired and congenital (against the background of the elongation of the eyeball, in the presence of weakness of the oculomotor and ciliary muscles). Acquired myopia appears as a result of visual loads of an irrational nature (writing and reading in the supine position, non-observance of the best visibility distance, frequent overwork of the eyes).

The main pathologies that lead to the occurrence of myopia are lens subluxation, as well as its sclerosis in the elderly, traumatic dislocations, an increase in the thickness of the cornea, accommodation spasm. In addition, myopia can be of vascular origin. Mild myopia is considered to be up to -3, the average degree is in the range from -3.25 to -6. Any excess of the latter indicator refers to severe myopia. Progressive myopia is myopia, in which the numbers are constantly growing. Growth occurs against the background of stretching in the eye of the posterior chamber. The main complication of severe myopia is divergent strabismus.

farsightedness

Farsightedness is the absence of normal vision at close distances. Ophthalmologists call this disease hypermetropia. This means that the image is formed outside the retina.

Congenital farsightedness is due to the small size of the eyeball in its longitudinal part and is of natural origin. As the child grows, this pathology may either disappear or persist. In case of insufficient curvature of the lens or cornea, an abnormally small size of the eye.

Senile form (vision loss after 40 years) - against the background of a decrease in the ability of the lens to change its curvature. This process takes place in 2 stages: presbyopia (temporary from 30 to 45 years), and after that - permanent (after 50 years).

The deterioration of vision with age occurs due to the loss of the eye's ability to accommodate (the ability to adjust the curvature of the lens) and occurs after 65 years.

The cause of this problem is both the loss of elasticity of the lens and the inability of the ciliary muscle to bend the lens normally. In the early stages, presbyopia can be compensated for by bright lighting, but in the later stages, vision is completely impaired. The first manifestations of pathology are considered to be problematic when reading small print from a distance of 25-30 centimeters, blurring also appears when looking from distant objects to close ones. Hypermetropia can be complicated by an increase in intraocular pressure.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism can be explained in simple terms as different visual acuity vertically and horizontally. In this case, the projection of a point in the eye is displayed as a figure of eight or an ellipse. In addition to the blurring of objects, astigmatism is characterized by double vision and eye fatigue. It can also be combined with farsightedness or myopia, or even be of a mixed type.

Double vision

This condition is called diplopia. In the case of such a pathology, the object can double diagonally, vertically, horizontally, or rotate relative to each other. The oculomotor muscles are to blame for this pathology, which work out of sync, respectively, both eyes cannot simultaneously concentrate on an object. Quite often, damage to muscles or nerves against the background of systemic diseases begins with the development of diplopia.

The classic cause of double vision is strabismus (divergent or convergent). In this case, a person cannot direct the central pits of the retina along a strict course.

A secondary picture that occurs quite often is alcohol poisoning. Ethanol can cause a disorder in the coordinated movements of the eye muscles.

Temporal doubling is quite often played up in cartoons and movies, when, after a blow to the head, the hero is faced with a moving picture.

Above are examples of diplopia for two eyes.

Double vision in one eye is also possible, and it develops in the presence of a too convex cornea, subluxation of the lens, or damage to the spur sulcus in the occipital region of the cerebral cortex.

binocular vision disorder

Stereoscopic vision allows a person to evaluate the size, shape, volume of an object, increases the clarity of vision by 40% and significantly expands its field. Another very important property of stereoscopic vision is the ability to estimate distance. If there is a difference in the eyes of several diopters, then the weaker eye begins to be turned off by the cerebral cortex forcibly, as it can cause diplopia.

First, binocular vision is lost, and then the weaker eye can become completely blind. In addition to farsightedness and nearsightedness with a large difference between the eyes, a similar situation can occur in the absence of astigmatism correction. It is the loss of the ability to judge distance that forces many drivers to resort to spectacle correction or wearing contact lenses.

Most often, binocular vision disappears with strabismus. It is worth noting that almost no one has an ideal balance between the position of the eyes, but given the fact that even with deviations in muscle tone, binocular vision can be maintained, correction in such cases is not required. But if vertical, divergent or convergent strabismus results in loss of binocular vision, then surgical correction or glasses must be performed.

Distortion of visual fields

The field of view is the part of the surrounding reality that is visible to the fixed eye. If we consider this property in a spatial sense, then it is more like a 3D hill, with the top in the clearest part. The deterioration along the slope is more pronounced towards the foot of the nose and less along the temporal slope. The field of view is limited by the anatomical protrusions of the facial bones of the skull, and at the optical level it depends on the capabilities of the retina.

For white color, the norm of the field of view is: outward - 90 degrees, downward - 65, upward - 50, inwards - 55.

For one eye, the field of view is divided into four halves into two vertical and two horizontal halves.

The field of vision can change according to the type of dark spots (cattle), in the form of local (hemianopsia) or concentric constrictions.

Scotoma - a spot in the outlines of which visibility is completely absent, with absolute, or there is blurred visibility with relative scotoma. Also, scotomas can be of a mixed type with the presence of complete blackness inside and blurring along the periphery. Positive scotomas present as symptoms, while negative scotomas can only be identified by examination.

Optic nerve atrophy - loss of visibility in the central part of the visual field indicates optic nerve atrophy (often age-related) or retinal gallstone dystrophy.

Retinal detachment - manifests itself as the presence of a curtain on the peripheral part of the visual field from any side. In addition, with retinal detachment, images may float and distort the lines and shapes of objects). The cause of retinal detachment may be retinal dystrophy, trauma, or a high degree of myopia.

Bilateral prolapse of the outer halves of the fields is a fairly common sign of pituitary adenoma, which interrupts the optic tract at the intersection.

With glaucoma, half of the fields that are located closer to the nose fall out. A symptom of such a pathology may be fog in the eyes, a rainbow when looking at a bright light. The same prolapse can be observed in pathologies of non-crossed optic fibers in the area of ​​the chiasm (aneurysm of the internal carotid artery).

Cross prolapse of parts of the fields is more often observed in the presence of hematomas, tumors, and inflammatory processes in the central nervous system. In addition, in addition to half fields, quarters may also fall out (quadrant hemianopsia).

Loss in the form of a translucent curtain is a sign of the presence of changes in the transparency of the eye: the vitreous body, cornea, lens.

Pigmentary degeneration of the retina - manifests itself in the form of tubular vision or concentric narrowing of the visual fields. At the same time, its high sharpness remains in the central part of the visual field, and the periphery practically drops out. With a uniform development of concentric vision, most likely the cause of such symptoms is a violation of cerebral circulation or glaucoma. Concentric narrowing is also characteristic of inflammation of the posterior retina (peripheral chorioretinitis).

Deviations in color perception

Temporal shifts relative to the perception of white - occur as a result of surgical intervention aimed at removing the cataract-affected lens. There may be shifts towards red, yellow, blue colors, respectively, white will have a reddish, yellowish, bluish tint, by analogy with an unadjusted monitor.

Color blindness is a congenital defect in distinguishing between green and red colors, which is not recognized by the patient himself. In most cases, it is diagnosed in men.

After cataract surgery, there may be a change in the brightness of the colors: red and yellow become paler, while blue, on the contrary, becomes more saturated.

A shift in perception towards long wavelengths (redness, yellowing of objects) may be a sign of optic nerve or retinal dystrophy.

• Discoloration of objects - in the later stages of macular degeneration, which no longer progresses.

Most often, color disturbance occurs in the central part of the visual field (about 10 degrees).

Blindness

Amovrosis - atrophy of the optic nerve, complete retinal detachment, acquired or congenital absence of the eye.

Amblyopia is the suppression of the previously seen eye by the cerebral cortex against the background of ophthalmoplegia, with a strong drooping of the eyelid (ptosis), Benche and Kaufman syndromes, clouding of the eye environments, a large difference in the diopters of the eyes, and strabismus.

Causes of vision loss:

deviation in the cortical region;

damage to the optic nerve;

deviations in the area of ​​the retina;

muscle pathologies;

changes in the transparency of the lens, cornea, vitreous body.

In a normal state, the transparent media of the eye are able to refract and transmit light rays according to the principle of lenses. In the presence of pathological, dystrophic, autoimmune and infectious-inflammatory processes, the degree of transparency of the lenses is lost, respectively, an obstacle appears in the path of light rays.

Pathology of the lens, cornea

Keratitis

Inflammation of the cornea, or keratitis. Its bacterial form is quite often a complication of advanced conjunctivitis, or the result of infection during eye surgery. The most dangerous is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which has repeatedly become the cause of mass keratitis in hospitals with insufficient antiseptics and asepsis.

Pathology is characterized by redness in the eye, pain, ulceration of the cornea, its clouding.

The presence of photophobia is characteristic.

Abundant lacrimation and a decrease in the luster of the cornea up to the appearance of an opaque leukoma.

More than 50% of keratins of viral origin fall on dendritic keratitis (derived from herpes). At the same time, a damaged nerve trunk in the form of a tree branch is observed in the eye. A creeping corneal ulcer is the final stage of a herpetic lesion of the cornea, or its chronic injury from exposure to foreign bodies. Quite often, ulcers are formed due to amoebic keratitis, which most often develops when the hygiene of the use of contact lenses is not followed and the use of poor-quality lenses.

When the eye gets burned from welding or the sun, photokeratitis develops. In addition to ulcerative keratitis, there is also non-ulcerative. The pathology can be deep, or affect only the superficial layers of the cornea.

Clouding of the cornea is the result of dystrophy, or inflammation, while the thorn is a scar. Blurring in the form of spots or clouds reduces visual acuity and can cause astigmatism. In the presence of walleye, vision may be limited to the limits of light perception.

Cataract

A clouding of the lens in ophthalmology is called a cataract. In this case, the lens loses its transparency and elasticity, structural proteins are destroyed, and metabolism is disturbed. Congenital cataract is the result of a genetic pathology or intrauterine effects on the fetus of toxic, autoimmune and viral factors.

The acquired form of the disease is the result of poisoning with mercury vapor, trinitrotoluene, thallium, naphthalene, the result of radiation exposure, chemical or mechanical injury to the lens, or its age-related dystrophy. Posterior capsular cataract manifests itself after 60 years - there is a rapid loss of vision, nuclear provokes an increase in the degree of myopia, and age-related cortical leads to blurry images.

Opacification of the vitreous body

Destruction, or clouding of the vitreous body, is perceived by the patient as dots or threads that float before the eyes at the moment of moving the gaze. This manifestation is a consequence of the thickening and subsequent loss of transparency of the individual fibers that make up the vitreous body. Such thickenings occur due to arterial hypertension, or age-related dystrophy, and vascular pathologies, glucocorticoid therapy, hormonal changes, and diabetes mellitus can also be the cause. Turbidity is perceived by the brain in the form of complex (plates, balls, cobwebs), or simple figures. In some cases, degenerated areas can be perceived by the retina, in which case flashes appear in the eyes.

Muscular pathologies

Vision directly depends on the functioning of the oculomotor and ciliary muscles. Failures in their work can also lead to visual impairment. Six muscles provide a full range of eye movements. Stimulation of these muscles is provided by 3,4,6 pairs of cranial nerves.

ciliary muscle

The ciliary muscle is responsible for the curvature of the lens, takes part in the outflow of intraocular fluid, and also stimulates the blood supply to the eye. Muscle work is disrupted due to vascular spasm that occurs in the vertebrobasilar basin of the brain, hypothalamic syndrome, spinal scoliosis and other causes that cause brain blood flow disorders. The cause of the development of such a pathology may be a traumatic brain injury. Initially, there is a spasm of accommodation, and then myopia develops. Some domestic ophthalmologists in their works have identified and described the dependence of acquired myopia in infants due to injuries of the cervical spine in the fetus at the time of childbirth.

Oculomotor muscles and nerves

The oculomotor nerves not only provide stimulation to the muscles that control the eyeball, but also regulate the muscles responsible for dilating and constricting the pupil, as well as the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid. Most often, nerve damage occurs due to a microinfarction caused by hypertension, diabetes. Damage to all nerve fibers is accompanied by the following symptoms: restriction of eye movement down, up, inward, poor vision due to accommodation paralysis, pupil dilation regardless of the reaction to light, eyelid drooping, double vision, divergent strabismus. Often, with strokes, the program of pathological syndromes (Benedict, Claude, Weber) includes nerve damage.

Abducens nerve injury

Damage to the abducens nerve makes it difficult to move the eye to the side. Such damage can be caused by: vascular infarction against the background of diabetes mellitus, or arterial hypertension, stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumors of the central nervous system, otitis media complication, intracranial hypertension, head trauma, pituitary tumor, nasopharyngeal cancer, carotid artery aneurysm, meningioma. The patient suffers from horizontal double vision, which is exacerbated by the moment the gaze shifts towards the lesion. In children, lesions of the abducens nerve, of a congenital nature, are included in the program of Duane and Mobius syndromes.

When the trochlear nerve is damaged, double vision appears in the oblique, or vertical planes. Its amplification occurs when you try to look down. The head is quite often in a forced position. Most often, the cause of nerve damage is traumatic brain injury, myasthenia gravis, microinfarction of the nerve.

Retinal pathologies

Retinal detachment (traumatic, degenerative, idiopathic) is formed at the site of membrane ruptures that have arisen against the background of an intraocular tumor, trauma, myopia, diabetic retinopathy. Quite often, retinal detachment occurs after the clouding of the vitreous body, pulling it along.

Vitelline degeneration, punctate degeneration, gallstone dystrophy are hereditary pathologies that should be considered when vision falls in a preschool child.

Severe retinal dystrophy, which is typical for people over 60 years old.

Strandberg-Grenblad syndrome is a formation located in the retina of bands that resemble vessels and replace rods and cones.

Angioma is a tumor on the vessels of the retina that occurs at a young age. These tumors cause detachment, or retinal breaks.

Retinitis Coats (varicose veins of the retina) is an enlargement of the veins that leads to the occurrence of hemorrhages.

Discoloration of the iris and pink color of the fundus associated with underdevelopment of the pigment layer of the retinal membrane (albinism).

Central artery embolism, or retinal thrombosis, can cause sudden blindness.

A malignant tumor of the retina of a diffuse type is retinoblastoma.

Uveitis is an inflammation of the retina that can cause not only cloudiness, but also sparks and flashes in the field of vision. Distortions in the size, shape and shape of objects can also be observed. In some cases, "night blindness" develops.

Signs of pathologies of the optic nerves

With a complete rupture of the nerve, the eye from the side of the lesion goes blind. The pupil narrows, there is no reaction to light. Pupil constriction may be observed, provided that light is applied to a healthy eye.

With damage to only part of the nerve fibers, there may be a decrease in vision, or periodic loss in the visual fields.

Most often, nerve damage occurs due to toxic lesions, tumors, vascular diseases, and injuries.

Nerve anomalies - doubled disc of the nerve, hamartoma, colomboma.

Disc atrophy occurs most often against the background of neurosyphilis, trauma, ischemia, multiple sclerosis, after the transfer of meningoencephalitis and leads to a narrowing of the visual fields and a general deterioration in vision that cannot be corrected.

Temporary vision loss

eye fatigue

The most common cause of vision loss is eye fatigue, which in ophthalmology is called asthenopia. Overwork occurs due to prolonged irrational stress on the eyes (driving a car at night, reading in low light, watching TV for many hours, or working in front of a computer monitor). In this case, the muscles of the eyes are overstrained, pain, lacrimation appears. It becomes difficult for a person to concentrate on small details, font, a feeling of veil, cloudiness may appear before the eyes. Quite often, these symptoms are accompanied by a headache.

False myopia

False myopia, or spasm of accommodation, most often develops in adolescents and children. The clinical picture of this disease is similar to asthenopia. However, transient visual impairment in the distance or near develops due to spasm of the ciliary muscle from overwork. As described above, this muscle performs the function of changing the curvature of the lens.

Hemeralopia and nyctalopia - "night blindness"

A significant drop in vision at dusk, which develops against the background of a deficiency of vitamins that belong to groups B, PP, A. Popularly, this disease is called "night blindness", and in ophthalmology - hemeralopia and nyctalopia. In this case, twilight vision suffers. In addition to the presence of hypovitaminosis, "night blindness" can develop against the background of pathologies of the optic nerve and retina. The disease can also be congenital. Pathology is manifested by a narrowing of the visual fields, a violation of spatial orientation, a deterioration in color perception, a drop in visual acuity.

Vasospasm

Transient impairment of visual acuity may indicate the presence of vascular spasm in the brain or retina. Such situations are associated with chronic circulatory disorders of the brain (against the background of venous hypertension, vasculitis, vascular anomalies, blood diseases, cerebral amyloidosis, vertebral artery syndrome, atherosclerosis), hypertensive crises (sudden jumps in blood pressure). In such cases, there is a darkening in the eyes, "flies" before the eyes, blurred vision. Combined symptoms may appear, blurred vision and dizziness, loss of hearing and vision.

Migraine

A migraine attack quite often comes in combination with darkening in the eyes, which develops against a background of severe vascular spasm. Quite often, such headaches are accompanied by the appearance of a scotoma, or aura.

Intraocular pressure

Normally, the pressure inside the eye is in the range of 9 to 22 mm. rt. Art., however, with an attack of glaucoma, it can rise to 50-70, and sometimes even higher. There is a sharp headache that spreads to half the head and eyes, provided that the pathology is present on one side, but if the glaucoma is bilateral, then the whole head hurts. The pain is complemented by dark spots before the eyes, iridescent circles and blurred vision. Quite often, vegetative disorders (pain in the heart, vomiting, nausea) join.

Medicines

Drug exposure can cause transient myopia. Such manifestations are observed in the case of taking high doses of sulfonamides.

A sharp deterioration in vision

The most common causes of sudden irreparable loss of vision are eye injuries, retinal detachment, brain tumor, and strokes.

Reversible vision loss

If we talk about acute reversible loss of vision in both eyes, then in most cases the cause of such symptoms is oxygen deficiency in the visual cortex (ischemic stroke of the posterior cerebral artery, ischemic attack against the background of chronic circulatory disorders of the brain), as well as with a severe migraine attack. In this case, in addition to loss of vision, there is a disorder of color perception and a headache.

A rather rare form of reversible vision loss is postpartum blindness, which develops against the background of posterior cerebral artery embolism.

Ischemic optic neuropathy most often develops after significant blood loss due to surgery, or trauma if there is a sharp drop in blood pressure.

In case of poisoning with methyl alcohol, quinine, chloroquine and phenothiazine derivatives, bilateral loss of vision may develop, which occurs on the first day after poisoning. About 85% of patients recover, the rest remain completely or partially blind.

There are also familial forms of temporary blindness up to 20 seconds, which occur with a sharp change in lighting.

Irreversible loss of vision

Sudden loss of vision in one eye most closely resembles retinal artery occlusion, or central vein thrombosis, or retinal dissection.

If the loss of vision occurred on the background of a head injury, it is necessary to exclude a fracture of the skull bones, which can damage the walls of the optic nerve canal. Therapy in this case consists in emergency decompression with the help of surgical intervention.

An increase in intraocular pressure may be accompanied by the density of the eyeball, pain in the abdomen, heart, head, loss of vision, redness of the eye.

Also, the cause of irreversible sudden loss of vision can be ischemic neuropathy of the optic nerve, which develops against the background of occlusion of the posterior wall of the ciliary artery and temporal arteritis. Also, a symptom of such a pathology can be prolonged pain in the temporal part of the head, increased ESR, lack of appetite, joint pain.

Due to ischemic stroke, the eye may become blind.

The cause of a sharp drop in vision can only be determined by an ophthalmologist paired with a neuropathologist, since vascular pathologies most often lead to a sharp loss of vision.

Diagnostics

In order to obtain complete information about the state of the eye, ophthalmologists today have a huge set of diagnostic capabilities in their arsenal. A huge amount of research relates to hardware methods. During the survey, they usually use:

measurement of the productivity of the lacrimal gland;

determination of the profile of the cornea, or computed keratotopography;

pachymetry (measurement of the angle of curvature and thickness of the cornea);

determination of the length of the eye (echobiometry);

biomicroscopy;

fundus examination paired with an examination of the optic nerve head;

checking visual fields;

measurement of intraocular pressure;

determination of the refractive power of the eye;

measurement of visual acuity;

Eye ultrasound.

Treatment for vision loss

Most often, in the presence of vision problems, conservative correction is used, as well as surgical treatment.

Conservative treatment

Conservative therapy involves correction with massage and gymnastics for the eyes, apparatus techniques, contact lenses and, most often, glasses. In the presence of degenerative-dystrophic pathologies, vitamins are administered.

Spectacle correction allows you to correct complex visual impairments (astigmatism paired with hyperopia, myopia), farsightedness, myopia with retinal detachment, and reduce the risk of strabismus. Wearing glasses slightly limits the field of view and creates certain inconveniences when playing sports, but given the effectiveness of their use, these shortcomings are negated.

People who make money with their appearance resort to wearing lenses. The main claim to correction with lenses is complex hygiene. This increases the risk of developing protozoal and bacterial complications, as well as disturbed air circulation in the eye. It is worth noting that modern ophthalmology allows you to purchase the latest breathing lenses.

Massage and gymnastics help to normalize and restore the blood flow of the eye structures, relax the eye muscles. Such therapy is effective in the early stages of pathologies.

Hardware techniques - classes on special installations that train the eyes, carried out with or without glasses. The presence of an instructor is required.

Surgical treatment

Cataract today is successfully treated only with the complete replacement of the pathological lens.

Vascular and tumor processes are also corrected only with the help of surgical intervention.

Partial detachment and rupture of the retina is treated with laser welding.

The PRK method is the very first method of laser correction of the cornea. This method is accompanied by significant trauma and requires a long recovery period. In addition, the simultaneous use of the method for the treatment of both eyes is contraindicated.

Today, the laser is also used to correct vision (astigmatism within 3 diopters, myopia at 15, hyperopia at 4). The laser keratomileusis method combines laser beams and mechanical keratoplasty. A corneal flap is detached with a keratome and the profile is corrected with a laser. As a result of these manipulations, the cornea becomes thinner. The flap is soldered into place with the same laser. The Super-LASIK method is one of the options for the operation, during which the cornea is resurfaced. Epi-LASIK corrects visual aberrations by staining the corneal epithelium with alcohol. FEMTO-LASIK is the formation of a corneal flap and its subsequent laser treatment.

Laser correction has a lot of advantages. It is painless, has a short rehabilitation period, requires a little time, does not leave stitches. However, there are complications that can develop against the background of laser correction, these are: corneal growth, excessive shrinkage of the corneal epithelium, corneal inflammation, dry eye syndrome.

Surgical laser treatment has a number of contraindications. It is not performed on children under 18, breastfeeding, or pregnant women. You can not use this technique for herpes, operated retinal detachment, progression of myopia, immunodeficiency, cataracts, autoimmune pathologies, insufficient thickness of the cornea, glaucoma, on a single eye.

Thus, the problems of falling vision are very diverse, quite often progressing and can lead to complete loss of vision. Therefore, only timely diagnosis and correction can protect against the development of a significant drop in vision, or its complete loss.

Probably the most important sense organ for us is the eyes. It is thanks to vision in the modern world that important information is obtained, and visual memory, as a rule, is better developed in most people than auditory or tactile.

The deterioration in the quality of the perceived “picture” is often associated with the inevitable aging of all internal systems, but what if young people or even children have vision problems?

The main threatening factors associated with the deterioration of visual function are discussed in the information in this article.

Signs of impaired vision

It is not so easy to notice a decrease in vision.

The fact is that with emotional and mental overstrain, similar symptoms often appear, but, fortunately, they are temporary.

If things have gone too far and discomfort does not disappear after rest, perhaps we are talking about characteristic diseases.

Visual impairment symptoms and causes:

1. Reduced brightness and clarity of the image, "fog" before the eyes. A possible cause is the development of cataracts. This serious disease is characterized by different rates of development, usually requires surgical correction.
2. Sharp pain in the eye accompanied by a deterioration in general well-being. These symptoms are most often associated with an attack of glaucoma. In this case, medical consultation and hospitalization are required.
3. Uneven deterioration of vision. Most often, if visibility is lost in one eye, we are talking about a vascular disorder. It affects people of more advanced age, but with a tendency to thrombosis, it can also manifest itself in young people.
4. Narrowing of the field of view. If part of the space becomes blurred, and only objects in front of you are clearly visible, we are talking about the appearance of the so-called tubular vision. This is also one of the symptoms of glaucoma, so it is imperative to see a doctor.
5. Distortion of what is seen. This happens with degenerative processes in the retina. This is usually associated with age-related changes in the body. If the symptom came on suddenly and is accompanied by pain, it may be a retinal rupture due to a foreign object or injury.
6. Floating spots before the eyes. This is usually a concomitant symptom of diabetes mellitus - retinopathy. A good prognosis will be ensured by early diagnosis and, if necessary, laser retinal correction.
7. Burning and soreness in the eye. The syndrome of "dry" eye is more manifested in people of computer professions, as well as with severe overwork.
8. Splitting the image. This symptom is most often not a sign of visual impairment, but other pathologies: intoxication of the body, vascular disorders and hormonal imbalance. With persistent symptoms, a comprehensive examination by specialists is necessary.
9. Clouding of the lens of the eye. Even if this symptom is not associated with visual impairment, be sure to consult a doctor for further treatment.
10. Black veil before the eyes. Complete or partial darkening of the visible "picture" can be caused by retinal detachment. This is an extremely dangerous disease that requires hospitalization and surgery.

Periodically appearing vision problems and eye fatigue should also alert.

It is advisable to adhere to the basic rules of a healthy lifestyle, eat well and rest, and an annual preventive examination by an ophthalmologist should become a good habit for every family member.

On the video: causes of visual impairment

The reasons

Like any other disease, vision problems do not just happen. Usually this is a consequence of "paper" work, hereditary factors or concomitant diseases. To determine the possible cause of the decline in the quality of vision, you need to contact a specialist.

A timely diagnosed ailment is quite capable of being cured without specialized manipulations.

In addition, the level of modern medicine is constantly increasing, so new opportunities and methods of treatment will return a person to a full life.

The main factors that threaten to reduce vision are described below.

Diseases of the body

Concomitant diseases, such as diabetes, very often cause vision loss.

In addition, such problems can lead to a decrease in hematopoietic functions, exhaustion of the body and inflammatory processes in the spine.

Computer work

Of course, a long stay at the computer can lead to a decrease in the quality of vision. In addition to concentrating, you need to constantly adjust to the flickering of the screen. Let this process be carried out automatically by our body, but the long-term impact of such work is reflected negatively in our eyes.

To reduce the load, be sure to follow the following rules:

• Choose maximum resolution monitor, change the proven technique in time to eliminate irritating effects on the retina.
• Continuous work has an extremely negative effect on vision, so be sure to take a little rest every hour.
• Gymnastics for the eyes- the best option for the prevention of many diseases. It takes a few minutes, and the benefits will be undeniable.
• Provide while working sufficient lighting. When working at night, it is very important that the brightness of the monitor is not overly contrasty. This negatively affects the eyes and creates additional problems, because the optic nerve has to constantly “switch” its modes of operation.
• Complete nutrition and intake of multivitamin complexes. Classify special products that positively affect the quality of vision. People of such professions must include them in the diet.

Many of us are forced to sit in front of the monitor for hours doing our work. You can reduce the negative from such close “communication” with a computer on your own by reducing your free time in social networks.

By taking reasonable breaks and using some simple preventive measures, you can also protect your eyes from such exposure.

Overwork and stress

Chronic fatigue and overexertion can adversely affect eye health. Usually we are talking about nervous and difficult work associated with concentration. There are even certain professions that negatively affect the quality of vision.

The most harmful professions for the eyes:

1. Jewelry industry. Concentration of attention on small objects, the possible ingress of dust during the cutting of precious stones and other "professional costs" do not have the best effect on eye health.
2. Computer techologies. Programmers and typists, as well as people whose work is somehow connected with spending time at the computer.
3. Welders and workers of "hot" shops. In addition to thermal burns of the retina, people in this profession are constantly forced to put up with drying out of the mucous membrane, harmful fumes and gas pollution in the workplace.
4. Research workers (especially in the chemical industry) and laboratory assistants. Professions related to the detailed study of small objects (especially with the help of microscopes and other similar equipment). The second negative factor is the interaction with the fumes of chemicals that irritate the shell of the eyes.
5. Doctors, especially surgeons in microsurgery. The stress during the operation is unusually high, especially since the duration of the process takes several hours. It is not surprising that the eyes are most often affected during such work.
6. Teachers, editors of texts and teachers. Working with handwritten text also causes a lot of eye strain, and preparation and numerous study plans require attention and concentration.
7. Pilots and astronauts. Their occupational risk for vision is associated primarily with increased overloads and vibrations.

The list is far from complete, because in the modern world we are all forced to work at the limit of physical strength for a long time.

Even if your profession is not directly related to the computer or concentrating on small objects, visual impairment can be caused by overexertion and constant lack of sleep.

Drivers, accountants and even fashion models often complain about such symptoms, because the cornea can suffer from constant camera flashes. In any case, in order not to run into problems, it is necessary not to change the profession, but to observe reasonable preventive measures and have a good rest.

On the video: why vision is falling

eye diseases

Not always vision problems arise from external factors. With a detailed examination by an ophthalmologist, internal diseases of the visual apparatus are also diagnosed. In addition to mechanical injury and overexertion, patients of different ages may develop the following problems.

Typical "eye" diseases:

• Clouding of the lens of the eye (cataract).
• Death of the optic nerve (glaucoma).
• Nearsightedness (myopia).
• Farsightedness (hypermetropia).
• Inflammatory processes of the eye (keratitis).
• Blurred area of ​​the eye (thorn).

Most often, blindness does not occur out of the blue, but is accompanied by concomitant symptoms that the patient ignores or tries to cure on his own.

Nutrition adjustments, taking vitamins and some folk recipes can help, but only under the supervision of a specialist. In some cases, it is possible to restore vision with surgery and prosthetics, but qualified assistance is also needed here.

Injuries

One of the reasons for the loss of vision can be called mechanical or thermal effects.

In this case, the negative effect can be directed not specifically at the organs of vision, but at the areas directly connected with them by nerve fibers. Most often we are talking about concussion, cranial injuries, as well as injuries of the spine.

Deterioration of visual function can also be caused by a viral or bacteriological disease, so be sure to visit a doctor in the direction if any alarming symptoms appear.

In children

Traditionally, the primacy in the negative impact on children's vision belongs to the main products of progress.

This is a TV, a computer and all kinds of gaming devices.

Reducing the time spent in such activities is quite within the power of parents. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the child receives all possible vitamins and trace elements with food, as well as sufficient time in the fresh air.

In the elderly

Age-related changes for the most part, one way or another, affect the organs of vision. The patency of blood vessels decreases, blood circulation and regeneration in tissues deteriorate.

How a person will see in old age is also influenced by hereditary factors, as well as lifestyle.

To prevent the development of such symptoms, be sure to adhere to the following rules.

Prevention of "eye" problems:

1. Complete diet. Be sure to include vitamins in the menu (especially groups A and E), as well as foods containing fatty acids and phosphorus (sea and ocean fish,.
2. Rejection of bad habits. Eye health is greatly affected by drinking and smoking, so the best prevention is to get rid of these habits.
3. Quality rest. A good night's rest, as well as the opportunity to spend more time outdoors, will also have a positive effect on vision and general well-being in general.
4. timely treatment of chronic diseases. Many atypical symptoms of deterioration in visual function are associated with the appearance of other problems in the body, so routine check-ups and treatment of foci of inflammation should be a good practice.

Visual impairment is a common problem for people of all ages. Among the most common causes of this phenomenon: stress, concomitant diseases and excessive workload.
Why vision falls, as well as the characteristic signs of such problems are described in detail in the information of our article.

If you start to see worse, you need to go to the ophthalmologist. But you can guess in advance what happened and how to proceed.

Myopia

You begin to see things far away poorly. At the same time, close objects are still visible well. In young people, myopia most often manifests itself in early childhood and is associated with myopia (congenital weakness of the muscles of the eye), in adults - with less pronounced myopia, which manifested itself a little later, and much less often - with age-related causes: a change in the shape of the cornea, sclerosis of the lens, etc. Therefore, the main cause of myopia is hereditary. The biophysics of myopia is simple - the beam is focused not on the retina, but a little closer.

What to do. An examination by an ophthalmologist is sufficient to diagnose myopia, determine its degree and choose a correction method (wearing glasses and / or contact lenses, LASIK laser correction, etc.).

Pseudo myopia

Many people have to look at the monitor of a computer, tablet or phone for a long time. Prolonged stress can lead to overstrain of the muscles of the eyes and the appearance of a symptom of pseudomyopia, when it is difficult for the eye to reorient itself to objects at a distance. In this case, objects in the distance may appear blurry for some time.

What to do. After every hour of work at the computer, take a 10-minute break, do exercises for the eyes, use computer glasses.

farsightedness

The ability to see objects that are far away is preserved, and even somewhat improved, and objects that are close become blurry. Unlike myopia, this is not a hereditary, but an age-related disease. Farsightedness occurs mainly in middle and old age and is called presbyopia. It is caused by a decrease in the ability of the lens to change curvature, as a result, the beam is focused not on the retina, but behind it. Diagnosis of farsightedness is simple - a visit to an ophthalmologist and the choice of a correction method are enough. But even such a simple disease has its pitfalls. With the beginning of presbyopia, the eye is able to focus the beam on the retina due to the constant overstrain of the eye muscles. As a result, vision in a normal situation remains normal, but about an hour after the start of reading or working at a computer, a headache and lacrimation appear. Do not miss this symptom and make an appointment with your doctor in time.

What to do. To slow down the development of presbyopia, choose glasses in time, it is possible to carry out laser correction LASIK.

Astigmatism

This is a violation of the eye's ability to see clearly. The cause may be a violation of the shape of the cornea, lens or vitreous body of the eye, often congenital. As a result, the image is formed on the retina as if in two places, the clarity of the image decreases, progressive deterioration of vision, rapid fatigue during work, headache, it is possible to see objects curved and their doubling. Astigmatism is easy to identify with a special test, looking at a sheet of paper with black parallel lines with one eye. When the sheet is rotated in front of the astigmatic eye, the lines become fuzzy.

What to do. Astigmatism is treated with glasses, special contact lenses, and LASIK laser correction gives a good result.

Vegetovascular dystonia (vascular spasm)

Violation of the nervous regulation of blood vessels is more common in adolescents and young women, but can occur at any age. In addition to unreasonable anxiety and constantly wet palms, the disease can be manifested by so-called vascular crises, accompanied by headache, nausea and various visual impairments, including the appearance of dark spots and flies before the eyes and even loss of visual fields. Fortunately, this crisis passes quickly.

What to do. Contact a neurologist, you may need to take an electroencephalogram (EEG) and pick up a course of sedative and vasodilator pills.

Glaucoma

The disease has many causes and one consequence - an increase in intraocular pressure. This causes dangerous changes in the structures of the eye and optic nerve that can lead a person to complete blindness, and has characteristic symptoms. Among them - the appearance of a "fog" or "grid" before the eyes, "rainbow circles" when looking at a light source, a feeling of heaviness, tension and periodic pain in the eye, blurred vision at dusk. More often, glaucoma develops gradually, there is time to take care of the growing symptoms and make an appointment with the doctor, but sometimes an acute attack of glaucoma occurs suddenly. In this case, the patient is disturbed by severe pain in the eye and headache, nausea, vomiting, and general weakness are possible. Interestingly, one of these symptoms may not be one, the main one - pain in the eye, then an attack of glaucoma is mistaken for a migraine, flu, toothache, meningitis, and even food poisoning.

What to do. In case of an acute attack, the main thing is to call an ambulance in time, and if other diseases are excluded, it is imperative to get an examination by an ophthalmologist. In chronic course - constantly be under the supervision of an ophthalmologist conducting treatment.

Cataract

This is a disease of the lens - the main "lens" of our eye. Remember when a small speck imperceptibly appears on the camera lens and then tediously accompanies all the photos from your vacation? So the darkening on the lens spoils the perception of the world. The first symptoms of cataracts include the flickering of “flies” and “streaks” before the eyes, increased sensitivity to bright light, blurred vision, distortion of the objects in question, weakening the perception of colors and shades. A common first symptom is difficulty fitting glasses to correct farsightedness. This is no coincidence, because both diseases are age-related.

What to do. Do not delay with surgical treatment, today the replacement of the lens takes place very quickly and with a minimal risk of complications.

Neoplasms of the brain

The appearance of any neoplasm in the cranial cavity necessarily leads to an increase in intracranial pressure. This causes swelling of the optic nerves and transient visual impairment. That is transitory. Those who become ill describe it as "a veil suddenly falling over the eyes." Comes suddenly, and passes slowly, up to 30 minutes. Another symptom is the so-called “morning blindness”, when a person wakes up almost blind, and after a while “sees clearly”. Another important symptom is a progressive deterioration of vision against the background of the listed symptoms. As well as a headache that radiates to the bridge of the nose and the back of the head, and episodic double vision.

What to do. An MRI is the most effective way to detect brain tumors. It does not have to be a tumor; more than half of brain tumors do not have malignant potential and do not recur.

Age-related farsightedness is a natural human condition. The process begins at the age of 25, but only by the age of 40-50 the letters become blurry when reading. By the age of 65, the eye almost completely loses the ability to correctly focus the beam on the retina.

Hemeralopia

Previously, this disease, popularly called night blindness, was very common. In our time, there are few new cases, but in the inhabitants of the North, as well as in those suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with poor absorption of vitamins, it occurs. The main reason is the lack of vitamin A, which is found in butter, milk, cheese, eggs, blackberries, black currants, peaches, tomatoes, spinach, lettuce, and some other vegetables and fruits. The main symptoms are a significant deterioration in vision in the dark, a violation of the perception of colors, especially blue, the appearance of "spots" in the field of vision when moving from a darkened room to a brighter one.

What to do. Contact a therapist and an ophthalmologist, take a blood test for vitamin A levels.

Stroke

Sudden blurred vision can be one of the first symptoms of a stroke. They will make you think about the neurological cause of a sudden decrease or complete disappearance of vision in both eyes, the appearance of fog before the eyes, double vision, loss of half of the field of vision (a person stops seeing on one side). This is accompanied by weakness of the limbs on the one hand, impaired speech, loss of consciousness.

What to do. For any sudden visual impairment, call an ambulance immediately.

Multiple sclerosis

Visual impairment is one of the common symptoms of the first appearance of multiple sclerosis. In this case, vision in one eye suddenly decreases, up to complete blindness, recovering within a few days, black dots appear in the field of vision, fog and a veil before the eyes, double vision. Multiple sclerosis is more common in women aged 20-40, but recently the disease is more common in both adolescents and men. After the “debut”, the disease may not manifest itself for 10 or even 20 years, so a sudden visual impairment will subsequently become an important diagnostic episode.

What to do. Consult a neurologist, conduct an MRI.

Decreased vision can occur due to age, due to infectious diseases or hereditary factors. With a decrease in visual acuity, wearing corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses), as well as treatment with various conservative and surgical methods, is indicated. If you suspect that your vision is deteriorating, it is important to see a doctor in time.

Steps

How to identify symptoms of decreased visual acuity

Notice if you are squinting. You may be squinting your eyes to get a better look at something. People with poor eyesight often have various pathologies of the shape of the eyeballs, the structure of the lens or cornea is disturbed. These disturbances block the light beam from reaching the retina properly, resulting in a fuzzy image. When a person squints, he narrows the beam of light, which increases the clarity of vision.

Pay attention to headaches. Headaches can be caused by eye strain, which in turn is caused by stress and high visual load. Increased eye strain often occurs while driving a car, working at a computer, watching TV for a long time, reading and other activities.

Look out for double vision (diplopia). Diplopia is two images of the same object. Double vision can occur in one eye or both. Diplopia may be due to an irregular shape of the cornea or diseases such as cataracts and astigmatism.

Note the appearance of halos. A halo is a bright circle surrounding a light source (most often a car headlight). Usually such halos appear in the dark (for example, at night or in a dark room). Halos can be caused by nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, and presbyopia.

Pay attention to different highlights. Glare is caused by a light source directed into the eyes, which spoils the perception of the image. Glare usually occurs during the daytime and can be due to nearsightedness, farsightedness, cataracts, astigmatism, or presbyopia.

Notice blurry and blurry vision. Blurring and loss of visual acuity affects the clarity of vision. Blurred vision can occur in one eye or both. This is the main symptom of myopia.

Note night blindness (gameralopia). Gameralopia is a disturbance of vision at night or in a dark room. This condition is usually aggravated when a person leaves a bright street light and enters a dark room. Night blindness can be caused by cataracts, nearsightedness, exposure to various medications, vitamin A deficiency, retinal defects, and congenital anomalies.

Find out if you are farsighted. Farsightedness is the blurry vision of objects at close range. The cause of farsightedness is a shortening of the eyeball or insufficient curvature of the cornea.

Identify the symptoms of astigmatism. Astigmatism occurs when the light beam does not hit the retina properly. Astigmatism causes objects to become blurry and elongated. The reason is the wrong shape of the cornea.

Look out for signs of presbyopia (senile vision). Usually this disease develops at an older age (after 35 years). With this disease, it is difficult to focus on an object and see it clearly and clearly. Presbyopia is caused by the loss of flexibility of the lens and its thickening.

See a doctor

Get tested. Visual impairment can be diagnosed with several tests and a complete eye examination. This study includes several aspects:

• Ophthalmic tests are designed to determine visual acuity. One of them goes as follows: the patient is placed at a distance of several meters in front of a special tablet in which letters are written in rows. In each line, the letters are different in size. The largest letters are located on the top line, and the smallest - on the last. With the help of such a test, the doctor checks your distance vision (depending on the line that you see and can read correctly)
• Another part of the survey is determining the color spectrum that you see.
• Take a cover test to assess your binocular vision. This test measures how well you see with both eyes. Your doctor will ask you to focus on a small object with one eye while covering the other eye. With this test, the doctor will be able to understand whether the eye has to reorient its gaze in order to see the object. If you really have to change focus in order to see the subject, you may have lazy eye syndrome, that is, the eye is very tired.
• Test to check the condition of the eyeball. To determine the condition of the eyes, the doctor will conduct a special test with light. You will be asked to place your chin on a special stand and look through a small hole in the apparatus through which the light will go. This test is necessary to examine the outer part of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, iris), as well as the internal structure of the eye (retina and optic nerve).

1. Get tested for glaucoma. Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure and can lead to complete loss of vision. Glaucoma is tested by injecting a small amount of air into the eye and measuring intraocular pressure.

   For examination, you need to expand the pupils. This is required for many tests. To dilate the pupils, you need to put special drops in your eyes. This is done when screening for diabetes, high blood pressure, macular degeneration, and glaucoma.

   Wait for the test results. A comprehensive eye examination takes about 1-2 hours. The results of most tests are reported immediately after the examination, but the doctor may prescribe additional studies. If you are scheduled for an additional examination, ask your doctor about the time of the examination.

   Find out if you need glasses. Testing is carried out by determining refraction. The doctor will offer several options for lenses, and you will need to choose those in which you see objects most clearly. This test measures the severity of nearsightedness, farsightedness, presbyopia, and astigmatism.

Treatment

Wear glasses. Vision problems are primarily associated with the inability of the eye to focus beams of light on the retina. The lenses are able to redirect the beam of light so that it properly hits the retina.

1. Wear contact lenses. Contact lenses are small lenses that are placed directly in front of your eyes. They "float" on the surface of the cornea.

   • There are many options available today. For example, for many, daily lenses (that is, disposables) are the best option, while others prefer to wear reusable lenses.
   • Many manufacturers produce contact lenses in different shades, designed for different types of eyes. Please consult with your ophthalmologist to choose the right lenses for you.

2. Vision can be corrected with the help of surgical methods of treatment. Glasses and contact lenses are a conservative method of vision correction, but today surgical methods have become very popular and widespread. There are several types of surgery, but the most common are laser correction LASIK (LASIK) and PRK.

3. If surgery is the best option, ask your doctor about the timing and recovery period.
4. If your doctor recommends conservative treatments, learn about the side effects of medications.
5. Check your eyes regularly. It is recommended that you have your eyes checked every 2-3 years if you are under 50. If you are over 50, you should have your eyes checked every year.
6. It is important to learn about your genetic predisposition. The sooner you can detect signs of vision loss, the better.
7. Stick to a healthy diet. Include in your diet foods that contain nutrients that are essential for eye health. For example, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins C and E. In addition, foods such as cabbage and spinach have a positive effect on eye health.
8. Take care of your eyes. Always carry sunglasses with you. Umbrellas will also help protect your eyes from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Warnings

• Take into account any health problems you have. In some cases, decreased vision is associated with other medical problems.
• Find out if you have more serious diseases that affect vision: neurological disorders, diabetes, autoimmune diseases (myasthenia gravis, and so on).
• Do not drive or operate any mechanical devices if you suspect you have vision problems.

What to do if vision falls? Objects become blurry, the inscriptions are not legible, this causes great inconvenience.
In order not to lose sight at all and restore the lost one, first of all, you need to determine the reason why it suffers.

What to do

Treatment and preventive measures

If a decrease in visual acuity is detected, it is necessary to start treatment in time. In the absence of diseases, prevention of visual impairment is necessary.

Otherwise, irreversible processes may begin, and visual ability can be completely lost.

Even with the initial deterioration, you should consult a doctor. He will examine you and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Medicines prescribed by a doctor must be taken on time. It can be eye drops, various vitamins, or a change in diet.

In addition to taking medication, the following rules must be observed:

• often give rest to the eyes, do not sit in front of the computer for a long time;
• read only while sitting, instead you can listen to audio books;
• do exercises for the eyes, it will take no more than 10 minutes a day;
• reconsider your lifestyle, walk more and eat only healthy food;
• sleep at least 7 hours a day, during which time the eye muscles will recover from overstrain;
• drink vitamins A, B2 and E;
• fight bad habits: smoking and alcohol.

Observing simple rules, visual function can be preserved for a long time.

Simple and effective gymnastics

To improve the sharpness of vision every day it is necessary to carry out eye gymnastics.

It is especially important to do it with eye fatigue: after reading books or working at a computer.

1. Close your eyes tightly and then open them wide. Repeat 5 times with an interval of 30 seconds.
2. Work with eyeballs up, down, right, left. Repeat 3 times every 2 minutes. Repeat the same with closed eyelids.
3. Make circular movements with the eyeballs, first with open eyelids. Then repeat with closed. Exercise to do 3 times with an interval of 2 minutes.
4. Blink very quickly for a few minutes a day.
5. Close your eyelids tightly for a few seconds, then open. Repeat at least 5 times.
6. It is good to have a bright picture or a large photograph on the wall opposite your computer. From time to time you need to be distracted from the monitor and look into the distance a bright spot in the form of a picture.

Types of visual impairment in adults

Loss of vision can be not only a medical but also a social problem.

It falls not only in the elderly, but also in recent times and in very young people. A large number of people suffer from farsightedness, myopia, cataracts and glaucoma.

Types of visual disorders:

1. Myopia is poor vision of objects at a distance. The greater the degree of the disease, the worse the person distinguishes objects that are in the distance. Most often, this type of deterioration occurs in people who spend a long time near computer screens.
2. Farsightedness - objects are blurred not only near, but also at a distance.
3. Astigmatism - with this violation, objects look blurry. Usually accompanied by farsightedness or nearsightedness. Strabismus can be a complication.
4. Presbyopia - close objects become blurry. Most often, people older than 40-45 years old suffer, otherwise presbyopia is called “age-related farsightedness”.

   You should not start worsening, as eye fatigue and headaches may appear.

5. Amblyopia - with this form, a one-sided drop in vision can be observed, which can turn into strabismus. The cause may be a congenital defect of the eyeball.

The negative impact of the computer

There are a number of reasons that affect visual function, based on them, it is necessary to select a treatment method.

One of the main reasons for the decrease in visual acuity is the constant presence near computer monitors and TV.

The computer affects the ability to see as follows:

1. With a constant presence near the monitors, the eye muscles stop working. If you constantly look at the screen, the muscles that regulate the work of the lens weaken and become sluggish. This happens with any muscle, even if there is no weak load.
2. Being near computer screens, too bright light hits the retina, usually there is complete darkness around. Therefore, you should work at the computer at least in low light.
3. The eyeball is always in moisture, and because of the constant presence near the monitor, the eyes blink less often, becoming dry.

Unilateral visual impairment

A decrease in visual acuity is fraught with its complete loss. It can decrease due to various diseases. For example, in connection with diseases of the optic nerve.

With obstruction of the retinal vessels, most often occurring in people with high blood pressure and heart disease, one-sided partial or complete loss of vision can occur.

With trauma to the psyche and increased nervous excitability, there is also a risk of visual disturbances.

Another cause of a unilateral decrease in acuity is a hemorrhage in this eye. This can happen due to trauma or pathology of the vessels of the eyeball, for example, in diabetes mellitus.

With optic neuritis caused by infection, retinal detachment occurs, leading to unilateral visual impairment.

Nutrition directly affects eye health. Each type of pathology has its own approach to nutrition.

• Vitamin A. For example, with "night blindness" the eyes are prone to the appearance of barley or inflammation of the cornea. For treatment, you need to eat foods rich in vitamin A, such as carrots. It can be consumed fresh, grated and seasoned with sour cream, or stewed with onions and cream.
• Calcium. It is necessary to eat foods high in calcium, such as cottage cheese, greens and cheese.
• Vitamin B1 and C. This vitamin is found in blueberries. If you eat a handful of berries a day, it will help restore visual acuity. You can use fresh or frozen berries, it is useful to eat blueberry jam.
• Bitter chocolate. This product contains flavonoids that help strengthen the cornea and protect blood vessels. But chocolate with additives is not suitable for treatment.
• lutein. It is found in large quantities in spinach. Its use will reduce the risk of cataracts.

At any age, you need to take care of eye health, because if you skip treatment and do not start prevention, you can completely forget about clear images around you. Therefore, following simple rules, doing exercises, changing your lifestyle, against the background of treatment, you can save your vision for a long time.

Why vision may deteriorate after laser correction

In connection with the emergence of new technologies, it became possible to get rid of visual problems with the help of laser correction. But, as with every innovation, there are both opponents and fans of this technology. Many complain that after the operation the ability to see again falls. But first of all, you should blame yourself for this. Since doctors, on the contrary, are interested in maintaining their reputation.

Before the operation, a series of examinations are carried out to determine whether it is possible or not for a person to make a correction. There are a number of diseases in which there is no point in performing an operation, there will be no effect from it. These are glaucoma, cataracts, arthritis, retinal detachment and corneal thinning.

After the correction, a temporary deterioration is acceptable, but still it disappears after rehabilitation.

If patients complain of impaired vision some time after correction, the reasons may be the following:

1. There are serious reasons that were not eliminated by the operation. Correction is aimed at improving vision, but not at all to eliminate these causes.
2. Before the operation, you must correctly follow all the recommendations of the doctor. First of all, it is necessary to give up contact lenses, alcohol and cosmetics for a week before the operation.
3. After the operation, you must follow the recommendations of the doctor. During rehabilitation, eye loads, physical activity are prohibited, including swimming pools, saunas, and baths. During sleep, lie only on your back.
4. With a successful operation, worsening is possible, but this is a temporary phenomenon, and it quickly passes.
5. Of course, a medical error is not excluded, you must immediately consult a doctor and report all your complaints.

Constantly falling vision, how to prevent it

There are several reasons for the constant loss of vision. The ability to see depends on the state of the lens, retina, and eye muscles.

1. First of all, the reason may be that people spend a lot of time at the computer monitor or reading books. From prolonged focusing of the gaze on the written texts, the eye muscles get tired and weaken. From what the lens loses the ability to adapt to changes in the distance to the image. To prevent this from happening, you need to take short breaks and do eye exercises. For example, alternately focusing your eyes on near and distant objects.
2. The second reason is the aging of the retina. The retina has special visual pigments. Over time, these pigments are destroyed, and then vision deteriorates. To do this, it is recommended to eat foods high in vitamin A. These foods include: carrots, meat, milk, eggs, blueberries.
3. The next cause of visual disturbances is poor blood circulation in the retina. Since the retina is responsible for the quality of vision, it requires constant blood circulation. To prevent any deviations in the retina, it is necessary to contact an ophthalmologist at the first ailment. For good blood circulation, the doctor will prescribe you a special diet and drugs that help keep the retina in good shape. Steam rooms, saunas and other things that raise eye pressure should not be abused.
4. Eye-strain. For them, not only bright lighting is dangerous, but also staying in dark rooms also significantly impairs vision. In bright light, protect your eyes with dark glasses and in no case read in a darkened room. It is impossible to read in transport, because when moving, it is impossible to fully focus on the text.
5. The mucous membrane plays an important role. If there are problems with the lacrimal glands, then this also affects visual acuity. If a person has dry eyes, then it is necessary to use special drops.

If you experience the following symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

1. The image of familiar objects became blurry and not clear. It can be: a store sign, a bus number.
2. The faces of people are blurred, and it seems that they are in a fog.
3. Flies or black dots appear in the visual field.
4. Pain in the eyes.

When working with a computer, you must adhere to the following rules:

1. Organize your workspace properly. Place the monitor so that the lighting falls on it from the left side, the distance from the eyes to the monitor is from 60 to 70 cm.
2. The size of the text should be such that it is comfortable to read without straining your eyes.
3. Take breaks every 20 minutes. Try to relax or take a walk.

Decreased vision after 40 years

There is an opinion among people that after 40 years the body begins to show all the diseases that exist. But all this is most likely a myth. Because if a person takes care of his health, then even after 70 years he will feel good. What can not be said about vision.

Everyone knows perfectly well that its sharpness depends on the retina and the ability of the lens to refraction. Over time, he loses his property and can no longer instantly focus on a particular subject. The eye muscles lose their elasticity and can no longer hold the lens well in the desired position.

A person has farsightedness, which is called age-related. And those who suffer from myopia hope that thanks to this, after 40 years they will be cured of their disease on their own. But in this they are greatly mistaken. Because myopic people, on the contrary, have even more problems than before. One of these problems can be a retinal tear, which can be stitched with a laser. But to prevent this from happening, it is better to periodically come for an examination to an ophthalmologist.

In order to stop the deterioration of vision at least a little, you need to consider a few rules:

1. Wear eyeglasses prescribed by an ophthalmologist.
2. Correct with lenses. To do this, a lens is put on one eye. And the following comes out: one eye for range, the other for close range.
3. And take vitamins.

Effective eye vitamins

Many vitamins are found in fruits, vegetables and other foods. But there are times when products are not always available. Therefore, pharmacies sell vitamins in tablets:

1. Vitamins "Lutein Complex" is a product of Ecomir. They are taken 3 times a day for a long time.
2. Vitamins Optics is a product of a company with the same name. The course of taking vitamins is not less than three months.
3. Vitamins for the eyes Dopelherz Active is a product of the Dopelhertz company, these vitamins must be used stably.

In addition to these vitamins, there are many more similar drugs. These drugs can be taken not only at a time when vision deteriorated, but also for health prevention.

Loss of vision - what to do