How to treat sinusitis in a child of 11 years. Symptoms of sinusitis in children and methods of treatment of the disease. Specific and non-specific signs

Inflammation paranasal sinuses a child can quickly develop from acute to chronic. After that, the pathology is much more difficult to cure. Sinusitis should not be started, treatment should be started at the first symptoms. In children, the disease can be stopped quickly at home.

Sinusitis in children is distinguished by its specific symptoms. If the baby is small, it is difficult to find out about his well-being, but if you observe his behavior, you can understand the cause of the ailment.

The main symptoms may be the following:

• There is anxiety.
• Poor sleep, the child falls asleep hard;
• When the baby is sleeping, you can notice strange head shaking;
• Nose sniffling is heard.
• There is incessant mucous discharge from the sinuses.
• A dry cough may occur. Some children cough to the point of exhaustion.
• Babies refuse to breastfeed because it is difficult for them to suckle. Immediately there are screams that are associated with hunger, nasal congestion and painful discomfort.
• There is redness and swelling of the eyelids, in the corners of the eyes from the inside.
• There is a fear of light. This brings discomfort, resulting in lacrimation.
• The latter is also present due to coryza.
• Children do not want to play, they are weak and passive.
• Sometimes there is redness on the face.
• Stuffy nose.
• Bad breath.
• There is dryness of the throat and nose.
• In the morning, the nose does not breathe, it is completely clogged with crusts. Mucus comes out of the throat.
• There is pain in the cheekbones, cheeks, teeth and eye sockets.
• The child does not smell.

If the acute form has turned into purulent sinusitis, then the mucus that comes out of the nose becomes a green-yellow hue with a specific smell. In the baby's nose, crusts constantly appear that interfere with normal nasal breathing.

If the disease has just appeared, then you can start treatment at home. If time is missed, then parents should take the child to the hospital for examination.

It has already been mentioned above that sinusitis can be acute and chronic. At the beginning of the disease, the symptoms are bright, if you do not start timely treatment, there is a smooth transition to the chronic form. At the same time, it seems that the disease is on the wane, but, alas, it is not. If you continue to do nothing, damage to other organs will begin. The complication goes to the heart, liver, kidneys and lungs, that is, to all vital organs.

There are also 4 types of pathology. It:

Ethmoiditis;

sinusitis;

Frontit;

Sphenoiditis.

Let's consider each in more detail.

Ethmoiditis

It is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes in the labyrinth of the bridge of the nose. Distinguish between bacterial and viral. Children with this pathology are immediately hospitalized. Signs of ethmoiditis:

• pain in the region of the bridge of the nose and near the wings of the nose;
• labored breathing;
• headache;
• weakness;
• mucous discharge that develops into purulent;
• temperature 38 degrees;
• swollen corners of the eyes;
• vomiting may occur.

If these symptoms appear, immediate treatment is necessary.

Sinusitis

There is an inflammatory process in the maxillary and maxillary sinus. In this case, headaches are observed, as well as in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe nose and teeth. It is especially felt when bending and probing these zones. The feeling of swelling does not go away. Naturally, weakness, fever, purulent discharge and nasal congestion are also present here.

Frontit

Inflammatory processes begin in the frontal zone. The course of the disease is severe. It is characterized by symptoms in the form of:

• pain near the nose, between the eyes;
• breathing difficulties;
• discharge of greenish-yellow mucus;
• an increase in temperature to 39 degrees;
• debilitating headaches;
• weaknesses.

Sphenoiditis

This pathology rarely occurs on its own. Usually goes together with ethmoiditis. In this case, inflammation of the sphenoid sinus is observed.

How to treat sinusitis in a child at home?

Treatment of sinusitis in children at home will be effective when the diagnosis has been made. The best option - complex treatment. Every mother should understand that the wrong choice of treatment tactics can lead to serious consequences.

It is advisable to wash the nose with sinusitis, compresses and instillations will also not interfere.

Is it possible to warm the sinuses with sinusitis or another type of disease? This is an interesting question - with a purulent categorically not, as it can become even worse.

Treatment with folk remedies

Let's take a look at several treatments that are used for acute and chronic sinusitis. Keep in mind that if the pathology has become chronic, then serious drugs are needed - antibiotics. They are prescribed by a doctor.

We will consider additional methods that are perfectly combined with conservative drug treatment. They are also recommended for use at the onset of the disease.

Washing the paranasal sinuses with a honey-onion composition is first aid. For cooking, take a small onion. Pass it through a meat grinder, put honey there, in the amount of one teaspoon and pour in about 100-150 ml of boiling water. Leave it to infuse for 5-6 hours. Strain and rinse your nose. You need to do this daily for two weeks.

Warming up. How to warm the nose with an egg for sinusitis? It should be boiled and allowed to cool slightly. Firstly, as mentioned above, you can not do this if there is pus. Secondly, do not lean just an egg against the skin. It must first be wrapped in cloth. It should be kept near the sinus for a long time until all the heat is gone. It is advisable to do this procedure 5-6 times a day.

Compresses will also help to warm up the nose with sinusitis. How to heat with them? Take a black radish and squeeze the juice from it. Add olive oil, in a ratio of 2 to 1. The resulting mixture must be soaked with a piece of matter, it is good if it is cotton. Then it is placed on the affected area and wrapped up. You need to keep it for an hour. At severe burning the compress is removed. Do it twice a day for two weeks.

A honey compress helps with rye flour. Mix 10 ml of honey with flour until a mushy state. Then blind 2 cakes and attach to the right place. This mass should hold out like this all night. The course of treatment is 2 weeks.

Children's sinusitis and in particular nasal mucus stops the instillation of the nose with aloe juice. For greater efficiency, the plant extract is mixed with honey in equal proportions. It is recommended to drip three drops in each stroke in the morning and evening hours.

To improve the condition of the child, you should use herbal remedies for instillation.

• A good option is boiled beet juice. 2-3 drops twice a day in each nostril for 7-10 days. This eliminates symptoms such as swelling of the mucous membrane, itching, burning, there will no longer be a lot of mucus from the nose.
• Another good remedy is a rosehip decoction. To prepare, take 30 g of raw materials and fill it with 1 liter of water. Cook over low heat for about an hour. Cool and drink the child all day. Honey can be added to the decoction. Such a drink will relieve sinusitis and protect against other diseases, as it perfectly strengthens the immune system.
• The acute form of the disease is stopped by inhalation of vapors medicinal plants. An excellent option is chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, calendula.

There are still a lot of recipes, but when using them, remember that antibiotics are used to treat such a serious pathology almost always. All folk methods are an addition.

The reason for the development of complications is untimely treatment. It is very important to go to the hospital at the first symptoms.

The infection spreads quickly. In addition to the defeat of the sinuses, neighboring organs also suffer. There are a number of diseases, in the form of:

• osteomyelitis;
• meningitis;
• brain abscess or epidural abscess;
• eye damage;
• otitis.

If you do not pay attention to the deterioration of the condition, then a fatal outcome is not excluded.

Contraindications

There are contraindications for any remedy, including those listed above.

Do not use honey compresses and drops if there is an allergy to the waste products of bees. Also, in the presence of individual intolerance to any other component, the agent is not used.

Prevention and care

In order for all the paranasal sinuses to be normal, certain rules must be followed.

1. Take care of your baby's nose. Timely clean from crusts and moisturize (if necessary). This can be done by instilling saline into the nose. Monitor air temperature and humidity. During the heating season, use a humidifier.
2. Timely treatment of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, etc. will save you from the development of sinusitis. Sinusitis is more common as a complication of some previously untreated disease.
3. Take more walks with your child on the street. Fresh air improves well-being and normalizes breathing.
4. Don't overcool your baby. Dress for the weather.
5. Harden the child.
6. Try to learn to do morning exercises and do some sports.

Questions and answers

Is it possible to rinse the nose with sinusitis?

With inflammation of one or more sinuses, it is necessary to rinse the nose. This can be done with saline, honey-onion, herbal decoction, etc. This will help flush out mucus, pus, and also stop the inflammatory process.

Is it possible to do warming up with sinusitis?

It is possible to warm the sinuses with an egg or other dry heat: o during chronic sinusitis, when a period of remission has begun;

• in the first three days, with viral sinusitis;
• when the symptoms subside and there is no suppuration.

It is contraindicated to do this:

• in the acute phase, when pathogenic microorganisms are active;
• at elevated temperature;
• in the presence of pus;
• during exacerbation of chronic pathology;
• with bloody discharge from the nose.

Only a doctor can clearly say how to get rid of the disease and what is allowed in a particular case.

Is it possible to warm the sinuses with an egg with sinusitis?

The answer to this question is the same. If there are contraindications, this should be refrained from, as the child's condition will only worsen.

Can sinusitis be treated at home without going to the hospital?

All inflammatory processes begin acutely, and this can panic any parent. Sinusitis is a disease that is a complication of some catarrhal pathology. If you see and recognize a runny nose on the very first day, point out the need for its treatment for a child, then you can do without medication. But, usually, parents delay and trigger the disease. As a result, the use of antibiotics and other drugs is essential. But traditional medicine will help to cope with the infection faster. To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will give a referral for a general analysis of urine and blood, an x-ray, and only after that he will prescribe the necessary drugs.

Conclusion

At home, you can cure sinusitis, but the main thing is not to delay it. To prevent further complications it is advisable to go to the hospital. There baby will pass a complete examination, after which the picture will be clear.

Before proceeding with the treatment of sinusitis, it is necessary to find out its form, stage of development and, in general, the presence of this disease. It is very important to determine the cause of the disease. To apply the correct treatment, without losing precious time, you should understand the concept of sinusitis and its types.

Disease classification

Inflammation of the lining of the sinuses (sinuses) is called sinusitis. There are several types of this disease. Depending on which of the sinuses the inflammatory process is localized, sinusitis is classified into the following types:

1. Sinusitis - an inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses;
2. Frontitis - inflammation of the frontal sinuses;
3. Sphenoiditis is a pathological process in the sphenoid sinuses;
4. Ethmoiditis - inflammation of the cells lattice labyrinth.

Each of these types has its own characteristics. Ethmoiditis - the most characteristic disease among children. When it occurs, the tonsil wall of the sinuses becomes inflamed.

For sinusitis are characteristic pain mi when touching a location maxillary sinuses.

Acute frontal sinusitis is expressed by severe pain in the superciliary part of the skull and reduced sense of smell. Most often due to the nature anatomical structure skulls. This type of sinusitis is accompanied acute pain in the occiput and eye sockets. A cough may also appear due to the outflow of purulent mucus along the back of the throat.

Depending on the duration of the symptoms, sinusitis can be:

1. Acute (duration 3 months);
2. Acute recurrent;
3. Chronic (the duration of symptoms reaches 4 or more months).

Also, this disease can be mild, moderate and severe. The basic factors of acute purulent sinusitis include:

• allergic rhinitis;
• diseases of a viral nature;
• damage to the nasal cavity by a fungal infection;
• deformation of the nasal septum;
• adenoids;
• the presence of foreign bodies in the nasal cavity;
• pulpitis;
• some types of immune diseases.

sinusitis in children

Precursors of acute purulent sinusitis in children can be diseases such as measles or scarlet fever. According to statistics, every child gets ARVI up to 8 times during the year, while in 6% of cases the disease has a complication in the form of sinusitis. It is for this reason that the disease often becomes chronic, since it is quite difficult to reliably get ahead of it against the background of SARS.

The age of the patients also influences the clinical picture of the disease. In each age category of children, sinusitis is characterized by its own characteristics. There are three age groups:

1. Up to three years;
2. Four to seven years;
3. Eight to fifteen years old.

In the first group of children, the sinus sinuses are not fully developed, therefore, in these patients, the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth are most often affected. In this category, it is difficult to diagnose acute sinusitis, as the baby cannot correctly convey the symptoms. As a rule, in this situation, the disease occurs against the background of acute respiratory viral infections and adenoiditis, and proceeds without characteristic symptoms.

In children, the second age group sinusitis occurs in the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, and can also simultaneously affect the maxillary sinuses.

The third group is characterized by all types of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, since at this age all the sinuses are already fully developed. And not infrequently there is simultaneous inflammation of several or all sinuses.

Purulent sinusitis in a child, the treatment of which is not always chosen correctly, requires additional diagnostics. Very often, without additional examination, the doctor prescribes complex therapy using antibiotics.

The purpose of this type of treatment is a safety net, since sinusitis can cause a number of dangerous complications. At the same time, one should not forget about the consequences antimicrobials on the child's body. In addition, the use of such drugs increases the resistance of pathogens. Therefore, a competent approach to the diagnosis of sinusitis in children is so important. Read more about pediatric sinusitis written.

The main symptoms of the disease

In most cases, the main cause of acute and purulent sinusitis is SARS, so it is difficult to identify it against the background of another disease. However, its manifestation is associated with the affected sinus (sinus).

Signs of ethmoiditis

Symptoms of ethmoiditis in acute form are presented in the following list:

• fever (40 ° C);
• vomiting and loose stools;
• purulent discharge comes out of the nasal cavity in large quantities;
• difficulty breathing through the nose;
• cough;
• puffiness upper eyelid and the medial part of the orbit;
• possible occurrence of sepsis;
• signs of intoxication.

At purulent form ethmoiditis, the following phenomena can be noted:

• there is a lesion of two sinuses - maxillary and ethmoid;
• pain on palpation;
• swelling of the cheeks;
• pain in the area of ​​the affected sinuses;
• purulent discharge from the nose;
• impotence;
• headache.

Signs of sinusitis

• Intoxication of the body against the background of high temperature.
• Swelling and pain in the area of ​​the affected sinus.
• Isolation of a large amount of pus from the nasal cavity with a purulent form of the disease.
• Headaches (local nature of pain sensations or the entire half of the face).
• Feeling of heaviness.

Signs of sinusitis

Symptoms of this type of sinusitis can vary depending on the stage of the disease.

Not in the acute stage, sinusitis is manifested by moderate intoxication, which is expressed by lethargy, poor sleep, lack of appetite, asthenia and irritability.

However, with a purulent form of the disease, other signs can be observed:

• breathing through the nose is difficult;
• purulent discharge from the nasal cavity;
• possible lack of smell;
• the presence of a cough;
• minor headache.

During the period of exacerbation of the chronic form of purulent sinusitis, the following symptoms may occur:

• secreted mucopurulent fluid from the nose;
• runoff of pus in the nasopharynx;
• bad smell from mouth;
• swelling of the mucous membrane;
• distribution of headache;

The complexity of the course of the disease depends on the duration and number of affected sinuses.

Signs of frontitis

With this disease, pain in the frontal region of the head, discharge from the nasal cavity can be noted, swelling of the soft tissues of the face and high fever are sometimes observed.

Signs of chronic frontitis

Chronic purulent sinusitis (frontal sinusitis) is characterized by the following symptoms:

• the presence of a headache, however, not as severe as in the acute form of the disease;
• memory loss;
• sleep disturbance;
• irritability;
• puffiness.

Signs of sphenoiditis

Symptoms of sphenoiditis include headache, signs of intoxication, a large number of purulent discharge in the nasopharynx, which can sometimes be accompanied by the presence of a sharp unpleasant odor, swelling of the mucosa.

Signs of a chronic form of sphenoiditis

With this form of the disease, there are neurological symptoms(headache, dizziness, fainting, fatigue). In this case, there is no discharge from the nose. There are also minor modifications to back departments nasal cavity.

Signs of fungal sinusitis

The development of this disease occurs against the background of the irrational use of antibiotics. At the same time, resistance to traditional methods treatment. Sinusitis of fungal origin is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• a large amount of purulent mucus that is secreted from the nasal cavity, while it can be different color, depending on the type of fungus;
• itching in the nasal cavity;
• breathing through the nose is difficult;
• swelling of the mucosa.

Treatment of sinusitis with traditional methods

Purulent sinusitis, the treatment of which involves an individual approach using a set of measures, provides several ways to combat this disease:

1. non-drug;
2. medication;
3. surgical.

Non-drug treatment

• "Cuckoo". With this method, medicine is poured into one nostril, and suction is installed into the other. In the process, the patient pronounces the words “coo-coo”, thereby contributing to the fit soft palate to the back wall of the pharynx and prevents the ingress of liquid into it. Thus, the medicinal solution enters directly into the sinuses. With the help of this procedure, the accumulated mucus and purulent contents are washed out of the sinuses along with pathogenic microorganisms, which normalizes the condition of the mucous membrane.
• Nasal irrigation with sodium chloride solution.
• Physiotherapeutic procedures (UHF, electrophoresis, quartz).
• Treatment with essential oils.
• Puncture treatment.
• Sinus probing.

Medical treatment

Acute purulent sinusitis requiring treatment special attention, involves the use of drugs:

• the use of antibiotics of complex action;
• the use of isotonic solutions;
• application vasoconstrictor drugs, and drops are recommended for children, and sprays for adults;
• mucolytics are prescribed, which thin the mucus;
• the use of drugs that promote the removal of mucus and purulent accumulations;
• the use of anti-inflammatory drugs;

Surgery

If the disease is not amenable to previous methods of treatment, then they resort to surgical intervention. There are several methods of surgical intervention:

1. endoscopy;
2. traditional method (used only in cases of urgent need, for example, severe complications disease).

Alternative methods of treatment of purulent sinusitis

An auxiliary way in the fight against purulent sinusitis is treatment with folk remedies. Inhalations are very popular herbal decoctions. Sage, St. John's wort, oregano and eucalyptus are well suited for this.

Sometimes, for the treatment of acute purulent sinusitis, various drugs are added to the inhalation liquid itself. essential oils and propolis. However, inhalations can be done only when the outflow of mucus or purulent contents from the paranasal sinuses is not disturbed.

Our grandmothers used oily onion drops to treat sinusitis. For their preparation, the oil was heated by means of a water bath and the juice of ordinary oil was added to it. onion. The resulting product must be allowed to cool, and then instilled into the nose.

They also made drops from Kalanchoe juice. The leaves were cut and placed in the refrigerator for two days, after which they were ground and the juice was separated from the pulp. The liquid itself was instilled into the nose. Thus, the symptoms of acute purulent sinusitis are reduced.

In mild forms of the disease, homeopathy helps well, which is quite effective in treatment. It should be noted that homeopathic preparations strengthen the immune system, and this, in turn, helps to increase the body's resistance to pathogenic bacteria.

Preventive measures

At the core preventive measures acute sinusitis lies in the timely and correct treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and other colds. This suggests that you should not self-medicate, but seek the advice of a doctor as soon as possible and follow all his instructions.

It is essential to take care of immune system, constantly strengthening it through hardening, observing the daily routine, including good sleep and regular walks fresh air. A balanced diet plays an important role here.

Sometimes, as a prophylaxis of sinusitis in children, it is necessary to resort to the removal of adenoids and other factors that can trigger the onset of the disease.

By adhering to these simple and basic rules, you can prevent the occurrence of acute purulent sinusitis, as well as reduce the likelihood of its development.

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. It is considered the most common pathology found in children.

To quickly recognize children's sinusitis, you need to know its first signs and symptoms. After all, it often disguises itself as a cold. Thanks to timely diagnosis it is possible to cure sinusitis without complications for a small organism.

About the disease

The paranasal sinuses can become inflamed due to the course of additional diseases. Sinusitis is a form of complication of nasal diseases.

By the nature of sinusitis can occur in acute and chronic forms. The disease can be in different locations. Sinusitis is a type of sinusitis, where the inflammatory process occurs in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. Sphenoiditis is inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. Frontitis is called differently, like sinusitis frontal sinus. Ethmoiditis is characterized by inflammation of the cell membrane of the ethmoid bone.

Sinusitis is divided into two groups according to its form: exudative and productive. The first, in turn, is divided into serous, catarrhal and purulent sinusitis. And the second is polypous and parietal-hyperplastic type.

According to the method of acquisition, sinusitis is distinguished:

• viral;
• allergic;
• fungal;
• traumatic;
• bacterial;
• medication;
• mixed.

Sinusitis that affects all the sinuses of one side is called hemisinusitis, both parts of the face are called pansinusitis.

Causes

Sinusitis can be caused by infections or bacteria. It appears as a complication of diseases: SARS, influenza, scarlet fever, measles. Possible influence of an allergic reaction.

Predisposition is influenced by factors such as:

1. Reduced immunity.
2. Hypothermia.
3. Nasal curvature.
4. Incorrect development of the structures of the nasal cavity.

The mechanism of sinusitis

The onset of the disease begins with the entry of pathogens into the sinuses. After tissue swelling occurs. Those subsequently affect the passage of air through Airways. Violation of the outflow of mucus from the sinuses provokes filling with mucous fluids. Due to the lack of mucus removal, there is a rapid accumulation of these secretions. After they turn into pus, and the products of microbial activity enter the bloodstream. The disease spreads throughout the entire body.

The symptoms of sinusitis can be very different. So in the acute form of pathology, more pronounced signs are observed. The chronic form can be difficult to diagnose.

The age of the child plays an important role. Sometimes parents simply cannot recognize sinusitis in children. Indeed, until the age of three, the sinuses are considered underdeveloped. Symptoms are easily confused with signs of a cold. Often sinusitis occurs in conjunction with otitis media in babies.

The older age of the children allows in the best way recognize sinusitis. With it, the defeat of the formed sinuses begins. Polysinusitis or pansinusitis is more common. rare phenomenon can be considered sinusitis, which affects one sinus in children.

The general symptoms are:

1. Prolonged coryza or a new wave of illness after a few healthy days.
2. Difficulty breathing and passage of air.
3. Headache.
4. Unpleasant sensations in the paranasal parts of the face.
5. Purulent discharge of a yellowish-green hue.
6. Loss of appetite.
7. Acute sinusitis is characterized by fever.
8. Rapid fatigue and lethargy.
9. Worsening of symptoms in the evening.
10. Bad smell.
11. Dry feeling in the throat, cough.

Sinusitis is recognized by the symptoms and diagnosis that affect treatment in children. Proper examination guarantees the identification accurate diagnosis. The first step is to interview the parents. They should describe all the symptoms that are observed in the baby. After the doctor conducts a rhinoscopy, which can detect the redness of the mucous membranes and the amount of accumulated purulent discharge. The diagnosis can be confirmed with an x-ray of the sinuses. The picture is able to show whether there is swelling of the mucosa, whether there is liquid in the cavity.

At obvious signs sinusitis, endoscopy of the nasal cavities is performed. Then the nasal region is examined by computed tomography. This is carried out in order to detect sinusitis based on the curvature of the nose.

It is possible to conduct a bacteriological examination by means of a puncture. It helps to remove purulent fluid from the nose, and the resulting material is examined in the laboratory. Thanks to this, it is possible to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to certain antibiotics.

Helps in diagnosing and testing blood. This analysis can detect accelerated ESR and increased amount leukocytes, which characterizes the inflammatory process.

Treatment of sinusitis in children

Self-medication of children is strictly contraindicated. With incorrect manipulations, sinusitis can move into more complicated forms. The pediatrician and ENT can answer the question of how to treat sinusitis.

The ongoing treatment should be aimed at restoring breathing, getting rid of inflammatory process, elimination of causes.

The medical complex includes:

• drinking antibiotics;
• the use of antihistamines;
• treatment with vasoconstrictor drugs;
• visit to the physiotherapy room: laser therapy, ultrasound, UHF.

Antibiotics should be prescribed after the analysis. With the help of it, a reliable sensitivity of bacteria to drugs is determined. Such a diagnosis lasts several days should take prescribed antibiotics. After receiving the results, it is possible to adjust the treatment course.

In children, treatment for sinusitis begins with the use of antibiotics. Consider the most common medicines.

Broad spectrum antibiotics:

• Ampicillin.
• Amoxiclav.
• Azithromycin.
• Sumamed.
• Augmentin.
• Clarithromycin.

Vasoconstrictor drugs:

• Naphthyzin.
• Otrivin.
• Tizin xylo bio.
• Nazivin.
• Sanorin.

Drugs aimed at vasoconstriction are presented in the form of drops.

To properly instill them in a child, you need:

1. Tilt the baby's head to the side.
2. Drop drops on the surface of the nasal septum.
3. Press the wing of the nose against the septum.
4. Repeat the manipulation with the other side.

It should be remembered that improper use of drops can significantly worsen the situation. If you do not know how to properly drip your child's nose, then contact your pediatrician who will show you the correct technique.

Antiseptic preparations in the form of drops:

• Protargol.
• Ektertsid.
• Collargol.
• Bioparox.

These remedies help eliminate the symptoms of inflammation.

Antiallergic drugs for children:

• Fenistil.
• Tsetrin.
• Loratadine.
• Tavegil.
• Claritin.

The dosage of the drug is prescribed by the attending physician.

Treating sinusitis in a child with home remedies can be done after discussion with the ENT.

The most effective procedure should be considered washing the nasal cavity. Parents should be aware of the fact that this procedure can seriously harm the baby if the technique is not performed correctly. So the ingress of foreign liquid into eustachian tube can lead to otitis media. The combination of otitis media with sinusitis is very difficult for a small child to perceive.

Inhalations are a useful adjunct to treatment. They should be carried out only in the absence of an allergic predisposition in children. This is due to the fact that sinusitis complicated by allergies has a very negative effect on the body. Inhalation is made with decoctions of herbs of calendula, chamomile or sage.

Nasal warming can be used only if the child does not have suppuration.

Efficiency is distinguished by acupressure, which must be carried out by the baby during sinusitis. in a circular motion 2 points are worked out on the forehead above the centers of the sinuses, a point in the middle of the forehead is 2 cm below the hair growth, 2 points above the maxillary sinuses.

To rule out the possibility of sinusitis, you should:

1. Seek medical attention in a timely manner.
2. Conduct complete treatment infectious diseases.
3. Instill in your child love for active image life.
4. Keep the baby's room in perfect cleanliness.
5. Contribute to the daily routine of the baby.
6. Make a competent children's diet.
7. Eliminate hypothermia of the body of the little one.

Signs of sinusitis in a child are serious reason to go to the doctor. Need to exclude self-treatment. After all, it can quickly lead to chronic form pathology. Only a competent health course, appointed by a specialist, guarantees a speedy recovery of the child.

Video

Sinusitis in children most often develops against the background of colds and viral diseases of the upper respiratory tract, which in most cases are accompanied by a runny nose. During ARVI and ARI children's immunity weakened. As a result, the infection easily penetrates into the paranasal sinuses and causes inflammation there. This process is called sinusitis. The complexity of this disease is that big influence its course has a causal factor. This means that in addition to treating sinusitis directly, it is necessary to carry out targeted therapy of the underlying disease. Only such an approach will ensure the speedy recovery of the child and prevent the development of complications.

What is sinusitis

Doctors call sinusitis an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses - the paranasal sinuses (air-filled cavities in the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity).

It can become inflamed as one paranasal sinus, or several. This depends on the severity of the disease and the complexity of the treatment.

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

All nasal sinuses are quite voluminous, but the excretory openings (the fistulas with which the sinuses open into nasal cavity) they are quite small - only from 1 to 3 mm.

Any inflammation of the nasal mucosa is accompanied by edema. And with edema, the fistulas close, and the outflow of mucus from the paranasal sinuses is disturbed. Pathogenic microorganisms multiply in this mucus, which is why the inflammatory process gradually develops.

Depending on the location of the inflammation, its causative agent and the duration of the disease, there are several types and stages of sinusitis. This classification allows you to determine the most effective treatment tactics.

sinusitis video

Types and forms of the disease

If we talk about the types of the disease, it should be noted that sinusitis as an independent pathology is very rare. In most cases, it is preceded by rhinitis (runny nose), caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, which provoke inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. Therefore, it would be more correct to call the disease rhinosinusitis, and, accordingly, to treat both the cause and the effect at the same time.

Depending on which of the sinuses is inflamed, the following types of disease are distinguished:

1. Monosinusitis. Inflammation of one of the sinuses. Subdivided into:
   • sinusitis - with inflammation of the maxillary sinus;
   • frontal sinus infection - an infection struck the frontal sinus;
   • ethmoiditis - with the localization of the inflammatory process in the ethmoid sinus;
   • sphenoiditis - when an infection affects the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sphenoid bone.
2. Polysinusitis. Inflammation of several sinuses at once.
3. Pansinusitis. The diagnosis is made when the inflammation spreads immediately to all the paranasal sinuses.

The forms of the disease are determined depending on the duration of its course.

1. Acute sinusitis. Lasts up to three months.
2. Acute recurrent. Occurs two to four times a year.
3. Chronic. Lasts over three months.
4. Intrahospital. special kind disease, when its symptoms appear 48 hours after the hospitalization of the child.

Features of the course of the disease in children

Clinical picture inflammation of the paranasal sinuses may differ depending on the age of the child.

Doctors of their young patients are conditionally divided into three age groups:

• first - babies under 3 years old;
• the second - preschool children (from 4 to 7 years);
• third - schoolchildren (from 8 to 15 years old).

In children of the first and second age groups, the paranasal sinuses are still underdeveloped (they are finally formed by the age of 12), and the main causes of inflammatory processes in them are most often viruses and adenoids.

Therefore, sinusitis in babies, as a rule, is asymptomatic, it can be very difficult to identify their signs against the background of developing symptoms of the underlying disease. Preschool children suffer mainly from frontal sinusitis and ethmoiditis.

But the children of the third group have already formed all the sinuses. This means that they can meet sinusitis of any kind and in any form. Often this is polysinusitis or pansinusitis (and first the inflammation covers the sinuses of the ethmoid bone, then spreads to the paranasal, then affects the frontal and sphenoid sinuses).Monosinusitis in children is extremely rare.

AT childhood the disease may be accompanied by individual forms of otitis media. This is due to the spread of infection from the paranasal sinuses into the middle ear cavity.

The risk group includes children who often get colds, allergies, babies with a weakened immune system, as well as those who have a history of chronic diseases upper respiratory tract.

According to statistics, more than 20% of children worldwide suffer from sinusitis in its various manifestations. Usually, the number of cases increases sharply in autumn and winter.

Video of Dr. Komarovsky about a variety of sinusitis - sinusitis

The reasons

The most common causes of sinusitis in children are:

• untreated colds;
• flu accompanied by rhinitis;
• chronic runny nose (vasomotor or allergic);
• congenital and acquired pathologies of the nasal septum (curvature, trauma);
• adenoids (with frequent colds, they increase and require surgical intervention);
• caries, destruction of the roots of the upper back teeth.

The causative agents of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses can be:

• influenza viruses;
• adenoviruses;
• rhinoviruses;
• coronaviruses;
• pneumococci;
• hemophilic bacillus;
• staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• chlamydia;
• mycoplasmas.

Viruses and bacteria cause acute sinusitis, and intracellular microorganisms and allergens cause a chronic sluggish process with periods of relapses and remissions periodically replacing each other.

Clinical picture

How does the disease develop?

1. When a child gets sick, for example, with the flu, the nasal mucosa is irritated due to the pathogens entering it.
2. Exudate is released, which already contains pathogens.
3. From the nasal cavity, the discharge flows into the paranasal sinuses (one or more).
4. Due to the mucosal edema that accompanies rhinitis of any form, the ventilation of the nasal sinuses is disturbed, and the mucus can no longer get back into the nose.
5. Gradually, the sinuses are filled with mucous secretions, in which microorganisms do not stop multiplying.
6. Due to weakened immunity, the child's body cannot fight the attack of aggressive pathological microflora, and mucous secretions become purulent over time.
7. Since the way out is blocked for them, due to the narrowing of the anastomoses due to edema, pus, along with the waste products of viruses or bacteria, enters the general bloodstream.
8. Intoxication of the body (poisoning) occurs.

Complications

If a child with sinusitis is not provided with qualified medical care in time, the disease is not cured in acute stage, it can become chronic. Then sinusitis is almost asymptomatic, rendering negative impact on the work of the lungs and heart, liver and kidneys, and sometimes reveals itself only after a few years.

Symptoms

Signs of sinusitis in different children may vary depending on the nature of the inflammation and its location.

What should you pay attention to?

• A runny nose in a child lasts more than two weeks.
• Discharge from the nose has acquired a purulent character.
• The kid complains of frequent headaches and pain in the paranasal region (as a rule, such pains, growing during the day, reach their maximum intensity in the evening).
• Labored or shallow breathing.
• Body temperature can rise up to 39°C (acute sinusitis).
• Weakness, lethargy, general malaise.
• Dryness, sore throat.
• Cough that gets worse at night.
• Sleep disorders.
• Capriciousness, nervousness of the baby.
• Decreased appetite.

Features of acute and chronic course

In the acute form of sinusitis, the symptoms appear suddenly, they are pronounced. The disease begins and develops very rapidly. Most often this occurs against the background of a cold, infection, allergic reaction. In this form, sinusitis can last no more than eight weeks.

With absence accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment sinusitis becomes chronic. It disturbs the child only from time to time, and its symptoms are less pronounced.

Chronic sinusitis is suspected if:

• headaches, which are observed in the acute course of the disease, turn into a feeling of heaviness;
• a feeling of nasal congestion occurs only periodically, and more often in the supine position;
• the child feels a tickle and dryness in the throat;
• when swallowing, pain occurs.

Diagnostics

A general blood test for sinusitis will always reveal inflammatory changes in the body. It will increase the level of leukocytes and ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). And with an allergic etiology of the disease, many eosinophils will be found in the blood.

Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity is currently considered the most exact method definition of sinusitis in children. But not every ENT room has the necessary equipment for such diagnostics (it is expensive).

Therefore, an otolaryngologist, if sinusitis is suspected, can prescribe an X-ray examination, which allows to detect inflammation in the paranasal sinuses in 80–100% of cases.

A therapeutic and diagnostic puncture is also taken from the paranasal sinuses, which allows you to determine the causative agent of the pathological process and prescribe appropriate therapy.

With sinusitis that develops against the background of a deviated nasal septum or identified neoplasms on the mucosa, computed tomography is performed followed by surgical intervention in order to remove cysts or straighten the septum to restore normal ventilation of the paranasal sinuses.

It is very important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner and determine the causes of its occurrence. Then an adequate treatment strategy will be chosen. And this is a guarantee of the effectiveness of the prescribed therapeutic measures.

When found on early stages and adequate treatment, sinusitis in children disappears completely and does not carry any consequences.

Treatment

Acute sinusitis is primarily treated with medication. But in some cases, surgery may be required.

As for the chronic form of the disease, the treatment here has the following goals:

• relief of pain syndrome;
• reduction of inflammation in the paranasal sinuses;
• restoration of patency of fistulas and nasal passages, removal of mucosal edema;
• elimination of the underlying disease;
• reducing the number of relapses through prevention.

Chronic sinusitis is quite treatable. But this process is longer. Preventive measures play a very important role in the healing of the disease.

Medical

Drug therapy for sinusitis involves the complex use of drugs.

• To relieve swelling of the mucosa, vasoconstrictor nasal drops are prescribed - Galazolin, Farmazolin.
• Reduce swelling and mucosal reaction to an allergen (if the cause of sinusitis is an allergic reaction of the child's body to external stimulus) antihistamines- Claritin, Tsetrin.
• Therapeutic fluids (antiseptics) - Collargol, Protargol - fight pathogenic microflora in the nasal cavity.
• Antibiotics - Ampicillin, Amoxicillin - stop the inflammatory process in the paranasal sinuses.
• Linex or Yoghurt capsules soften the negative impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microflora, restore immunity.
• Vitamin complexes - Kiddy-Farmaton, Pikovit - activate the body's defenses in the fight against inflammation, help to recover after recovery.

Treatment of sinusitis in children under one year is complicated by the fact that vasoconstrictor drops are contraindicated for them, and this is the main first aid in case of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Table of drugs used to treat sinusitis in children

Only the attending physician can prescribe medications to the child. Based on the results of diagnostic studies, he will determine the dosage and duration of the course of medication, take into account contraindications and warn of possible side effects one medicine or another.

Medicines in the photo

Physiotherapy

Treatment of sinusitis in children is always complex. In addition to medicines, in order to alleviate the condition and resume normal ventilation of the paranasal sinuses, the otolaryngologist can refer the child to physiotherapy sessions.

A good effect in this disease has UVI ( ultraviolet irradiation) nasal cavity, laser therapy, diathermy (heating with high frequency currents). These procedures can be done to children from 3-4 years old. And ozokerite and paraffin therapy - even for babies.

It should be borne in mind that with difficult outflow of pus from the nasal sinuses thermal treatments are contraindicated, as they can, on the contrary, increase headaches and lead to an exacerbation of the disease.

Also, in the conditions of a physical room at a children's clinic, endonasal inhalations and electrophoresis (allowed for children from 1–2 years old) with solutions of antibiotics, antiseptics, and medicinal herbs can be performed.

And washing the paranasal sinuses using the method of movement is used to treat children's sinusitis very widely. For children, this manipulation is painless and non-traumatic, which means it is allowed even for the smallest. The people call the procedure "cuckoo".

During the procedure "cuckoo" the child must constantly say "Cuckoo!". Why? When an antiseptic is poured into one of his nostrils through a catheter, and this antiseptic, washing out purulent and mucous exudate, is sucked out of the other nostril, it is very important that the access of the solution to the throat is limited. For this, you need to repeat the cherished “Ku-ku!” All the time.

For children from 5 years of age, pus is pumped out of the maxillary sinuses using a pit catheter. This is a high-quality and safe method, as well as completely painless. He is able to completely replace the puncture of the paranasal sinuses.

Operational

The surgical method for the treatment of sinusitis is a puncture of the paranasal sinuses, a puncture, followed by pumping out pus and washing the paranasal sinuses.

After washing, anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics are introduced into the sinuses. If the application of this technique did not bring positive results, a decision is made on drainage.

A special needle is inserted into the paranasal sinus, through which drainage is introduced into it and left there for a while until the edema subsides and natural ventilation of the paranasal sinuses is established.

Mucus outflow occurs through drainage, gas exchange improves, antibacterial and enzyme preparations are introduced. This treatment is used for complicated forms of sinusitis.

Drainage is a complete surgical operation. They make it for children general anesthesia in a hospital setting. But they resort to drainage not so often. Usually there are enough medicines and a puncture.

Massage

Effective for sinusitis, face and nose massage, which parents can do to the child at home. The best results from massage are achieved with sinusitis and frontal sinusitis.

The following areas on the child's face are massaged with rotational movements:

1. Points located symmetrically above the center of the frontal sinuses. This is about 1-2 cm to the sides of the extreme inner points of the eyebrows.
2. A point located directly in the center of the forehead. It is 2 cm away from the hairline.
3. Symmetrical points, which can be found 1.5 cm below the lower eyelid. They are located above the very center of the maxillary sinuses.

You need to massage for five minutes 3 times a day. Course duration - 10 days.

Breathing exercises

Children from 3-4 years old with sinusitis can do breathing exercises Strelnikova. The best results from classes are achieved with sinusitis.

This unique technique allows you to significantly improve the ventilation of the paranasal sinuses and activate the outflow of mucus from the paranasal sinuses. Parents should show the children the exercises and check the correctness of their implementation.

Exercises

1. "Palms". Stand up straight. Bend your arms slightly as if your palms are resting against a wall opposite. Do strong breath through your nose and clench your palms into fists. Then exhale again through the nose and relax the palms. Do the exercise three more times. Rest for a few seconds and repeat all over again. In total, you need to do 24 approaches, that is, 96 breaths and 96 exhalations.
2. "The chauffeurs". Stand up straight. Press your palms, bent into fists, to the belt. Take a strong breath and at the same time push your hands down, sharply relaxing your palms. As you exhale, return to the starting position. In total, 12 approaches should be performed according to the scheme: 8 breaths, 8 exhalations, 8 seconds of respite.
3. "Cat". Starting position - feet shoulder width apart. Inhaling, squat a little, turn the body and head to the right and make a “shaking” movement with your hands. Exhaling, return to the starting position. Repeat the exercise with a twist to the other side. Do 12 approaches (according to the scheme: 8 breaths, a break of 8 seconds) - this will be 96 breaths and 96 breaths.
4. "Pump". Stand up straight. Lower your hands down. Inhaling, lean forward slightly. In this case, your back should arch in an arc. Exhaling, rise, but not completely. Bend over again as you inhale and straighten up halfway as you exhale. Repeat 8 times without a break, rest 8 seconds and do 8 such bows again.
5. "Head Turns" Stand up straight. Inhaling, turn your head to the right. Exhaling, return to the starting position. Do the same without a break left side. Do 3 sets according to the scheme: 32 breaths, 32 breaths, 8 seconds of rest.

Such gymnastics should be performed regularly for a month for 15-30 minutes twice a day.

Alternative medicine

Apply unconventional ways sinusitis treatments and prescriptions traditional medicine you need to be very careful and only after consulting with your doctor.

The seriousness and danger of this disease should not be underestimated. The consequences of improperly chosen therapy can be the most serious: from aggravation of symptoms to disruption in work. of cardio-vascular system and general intoxication of the body.

For example, warming up in the presence of purulent discharge can lead to an exacerbation of the disease, and improper washing can lead to injury to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

What folk remedies can an otolaryngologist approve of?

• Instillation into the nasal passages of a weak solution of sea salt. This procedure dries the mucous membrane and relieves irritation.
• Inhalations with medicinal herbs. They can be carried out only 5 days after the onset of the disease and provided that the runny nose has not yet stopped. Take one teaspoon each of chamomile flowers, marigold and sage leaves. Pour a glass of boiling water over low heat and bring to a boil. Can be used for inhalation special device- an inhaler, or you can simply invite the child to breathe in the vapors of medicinal herbs. To do this, pour the broth into a porcelain teapot and put a cone made of paper with your own hands on its spout.
• Inhalations with essential oils. Put a couple of drops into boiling water menthol oil and propolis. Let the child inhale the vapors through the spout of the teapot, protected by a paper cone, or by bending over a wide dish. This method of treatment is acceptable in the absence of allergies to bee products.
• Russian bath with pine (fir) infusion. Finely chop fresh branches of pine (spruce, fir). On a ten-liter bucket, take 5 handfuls of chopped branches. Pour them in a bucket of boiling water and leave for 30-40 minutes. In the bath, sprinkle the heater with this infusion and invite the child to inhale the vapors deeply. Remember that this method can only be used for non-purulent and chronic sinusitis.
• Ointment based on herbal ingredients. To prepare an ointment in equal proportions (take, for example, all components for 1 tsp), mix aloe juice, onion, Kalanchoe, cyclamen rhizomes and St. John's wort oil. To bring the ointment to a thick consistency, you can add honey. This remedy acts on the nasal mucosa. Take 2 cotton buds, dip them in the ointment and insert the child into both nostrils for 20 minutes. Do this 2-3 times a day for a week.
fir branches

Homeopathy shows good results in the fight against sinusitis. These funds work more to strengthen the protective factors of the body. And this is important in the treatment of this disease. If you have the opportunity to consult with a knowledgeable homeopath, be sure to use it.

Treatment of sinusitis without antibiotics and other medicines is possible if:

• the doctor approved the use of certain folk remedies;
• immunity little patient not weakened;
• sinusitis is in the initial stage;
• the disease is not acute;
• the main pathology that provoked the disease has been eliminated.

In addition to carrying out therapeutic measures, a child suffering from sinusitis, for get well soon required to create certain conditions and provide him with the care he needs.

1. The optimal temperature in the room where the patient is located should not exceed 18–19 ° C.
2. Humidity in the room should be at least 70%. It is very important to comply with this condition, since the dry air inhaled by the child dries out the mucous membranes and aggravates the symptoms of sinusitis. You can use a humidifier, you can hang wet towels in the room.
3. Do a wet cleaning daily and ventilate the room several times a day.
4. Adjust the diet of a small patient so that it includes only easily digestible, vitamin food.
5. Don't forget about drinking mode. The child should drink at least 30 ml of water per 1 kg of body weight per day. This is very important for sufficient hydration of the mucous membranes and to prevent intoxication of the body.

Table: Fluid Consumption Rates

Prevention

It is possible to avoid the development of sinusitis in a child if you apply for medical assistance if your baby has symptoms of a cold or infectious disease. When the treatment of these ailments is correct, and the course of therapy will not be interrupted when relief occurs, but will be carried out in full.

A healthy lifestyle is the most important preventive measure for any disease. Diet, work and rest, hardening, playing sports, walking in the fresh air, attending sports sections, etc. All these are components of strong immunity.

The child should not overcool and overheat. Always dress for the weather.

Vitamin diet, including natural and only healthy foods, is very important for proper growth and development of a young organism.

Personal hygiene and cleanliness of the home prevent the entry of pathogens into the mucous membranes and into the gastrointestinal tract of all family members, which means it reduces the likelihood of developing sinusitis in a baby.

Sinusitis dangerous disease not considered in medical circles. But only if you seek medical help in time and strictly follow the recommendations of the otolarynologist. Otherwise, even harmless rhinitis can develop into extensive inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which is fraught with infectious complications that can affect the brain. Therefore, only a qualified specialist can adequately treat any cold in a child. And parents should in no case delay contacting him and neglect preventive measures.

What kind of disease

Sinusitis - inflammatory disease in which one or more paranasal sinuses are involved in the pathological process. When a doctor makes such a diagnosis, it is difficult for parents to immediately figure out what kind of disease it is, how dangerous it is.

Sinusitis in children is a common condition. Every fourth child suffers from this disease. More often, pathology develops in the cold season, but exceptions are possible.

The disease may be different nature, that is, provoked by various pathogens. Treatment methods will vary depending on the etiology.

Nasal breathing is unique. Several sinuses are located in the bones of the skull, each of which can undergo pathological process. Sometimes several paranasal sinuses get sick at once. They can be of four types:

• maxillary;
• frontal;
• lattice;
• wedge-shaped.

Each of the sinuses is important for the implementation of full nasal breathing. In sinusitis, they become clogged or clogged. Viruses or bacteria accumulate inside, and as a result, an inflammatory process begins.

Causes of the disease

In order to successfully cure sinusitis, it is important to understand the reasons why pathology can occur and how to provide high-quality first aid to a child. The disease can develop as an independent pathology, or as a complication after an infection.

The main causes of inflammation of the sinuses of the nose include the following:

Important! In children, sinusitis often develops against the background of some small objects or toys getting into the nose: the nasal passages overlap, and an inflammatory process begins inside.

The risk of developing problems with nasal breathing increases with the presence of such predisposing factors:

• curvature of the nasal septum;
• congenital developmental anomalies;
• low immune defense;
• frequent hypothermia.

On a note! Scuba divers also often experience sinusitis.

The consequences of sinusitis in the absence of adequate therapy can be unpleasant. If a runny nose is cured immediately, there will be no complications. Sinusitis develops gradually.

Initially, the nasal mucosa becomes infected with pathogens. Due to pathological effects, the normal processes and swelling begins. The ventilation of the remaining paranasal sinuses is disturbed, as breathing is blocked. Mucus begins to accumulate, the sinuses fill with it. The accumulated secretions begin to suppurate. In especially severe cases, an exacerbation occurs, and a harmful infection enters the bloodstream and affects other internal organs.

Classification of sinusitis

Sinusitis in children different types. The classification distinguishes the following types of the disease:

Types of sinusitis determine the localization of the inflammatory process. So, with frontal sinusitis, the frontal paranasal sinus is affected. With sinusitis - the sinuses of the upper jaw. When the cavity of the sphenoid bone is affected, sphenoiditis is diagnosed. And when the pathology is localized in the ethmoid bone, ethmoiditis is put.

Sinusitis can occur in children at any age. However, the development of all sinuses does not occur at the same time. Therefore, due to the structural features, ethmoiditis is more common among young children.

There are also chronic and acute sinusitis. Acute process ends within three months and comes complete cure. O chronic stage it is customary to say that it is not possible to completely get rid of the disease during this period, and the pathology periodically recurs.

Depending on the cause that caused the pathology, the following forms of sinusitis are distinguished:

• bacterial;
• fungal;
• allergic;
• viral;
• traumatic.

There are also mixed forms of pathology, in which the disease begins with infection with a virus, and then another infection joins the process.

Note! In case of joining bacterial infection, the risk of developing purulent sinusitis is high.

Allergic sinusitis occurs when exposed to allergens that enter the respiratory tract. The immune cells of the body perceive them as foreign, and a pronounced edema begins. Due to the obstruction of the air, an accumulation of bacteria and viruses begins in the sinuses, which leads to the onset of the disease.

Symptoms of the disease

Recognizing the first signs of sinusitis can be difficult, as the disease often becomes a complication. transferred by a child colds. Parents should carefully monitor the baby in order to notice warning signs in time, if necessary.

You can suspect the development of sinusitis if you have several of the following complaints:

• prolonged runny nose, poorly amenable to therapy;
• difficult nasal breathing;
• congestion of one or the other nostril;
• expectoration;
• copious excretion of purulent discharge in the morning;
• dryness in the nasopharynx;
• pain in the bridge of the nose, aggravated by bending;
• decreased sense of smell;
• headache;
• pain radiating to the teeth, cheekbones and eyes;
• aggravated sensitivity of the skin on the face;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• temperature rise;
• general weakness.

With sinusitis, children become irritable because they have difficulty breathing. They may act up, cry, and even refuse to eat. The quality of taste is reduced.

A child suffering from sinusitis may have a voice change. He becomes nasty. The clinical picture becomes especially bright in the evening hours.

The light can irritate the child. Therefore, the baby prefers dark rooms. There may be profuse lacrimation.

Important! Parents should be wary if, after the start of the path to recovery, the child's condition suddenly worsens - this happens when a bacterial infection is added, which requires correction of treatment.

Features of the acute form of the flow

A doctor can diagnose both unilateral and bilateral sinusitis. An acute course is characterized by the following features:

• heat;
• loss of smell;
• exit copious mucus, often with pus;
• nasal congestion;
• heaviness in the paranasal sinuses;
• changes in the blood test, including an increase in leukocytes and ESR.

The picture of the disease occurs suddenly. Symptoms are growing rapidly. All this indicates the development of sinusitis.

Features of the chronic form of pathology

With chronic sinusitis in a child, signs of the disease appear from time to time. There may be periods of calm when the disease does not make itself felt.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis are:

• purulent discharge, especially in the morning;
• mucus flows down the back wall or comes out;
• coughing due to mucus;
• often worried about headaches;
• there is an unpleasant smell from the mouth;
• the skin on the face is periodically exposed to hyperemia;
• temperature is normal.

Rarely, in the chronic form of sinusitis, the temperature rises. The maximum mark that can be is 37.5. The blood test will not show any pathological changes. Main vital statistics will be within the normal range.

Sinusitis Diagnosis

Sinusitis is diagnosed by an otolaryngologist. In the photo you can see what awaits the child at the doctor's appointment.

The doctor will carefully listen to the child and parents about the symptoms. After analyzing them, he decides which additional examinations necessary to clarify the diagnosis.

Most often, if sinusitis is suspected, a referral is issued for the passage x-ray examination accessory sinuses. The picture will give the specialist an idea of ​​​​the condition of the mucous membrane, its thickness and the amount of accumulated mucus.

AT rare cases the following methods are applied:

• rhinoscopy;
• CT scan;
• puncture.

The puncture is performed infrequently, but only in cases where other methods may be ineffective, or the patient needs urgent emergency care.

Principles of treatment of sinusitis

When sinusitis is not severe, home treatment is allowed. After a complete examination, the doctor will issue a prescription and pick up nose drops for sinusitis.

The main goal of therapy is to eliminate the impact of the pathological pathogen and normalize the processes of nasal breathing. If the disease is not treated, unpleasant complications can occur.

Do not self-medicate. Properly selected drugs are the key to a successful cure.

In order to quickly relieve swelling in the sinuses and normalize breathing, the doctor will prescribe these drops:

• "Galazolin";
• "Sanorin";
• "Naphthyzin";
• Nazivin.

The process of instillation by such means should be carried out in the supine position on the side. Due to this arrangement, medicinal substances will penetrate into the lower sinus, providing the most effective effect.

In order for drugs to relieve not just symptoms, but to have a therapeutic effect, therapy must be comprehensive. Simultaneously with vasoconstrictor medications, the doctor will prescribe drops that have an antiseptic effect:

• "Kollargol";
• "Protargol".

When a child develops sinusitis, antibiotics often help to cure the pathology. These drugs are prescribed as if bacterial infection as well as possible infection.

Important! Such drugs are very serious, so self-administration without the participation of a doctor is strictly contraindicated.

The choice of antibiotic depends on the pathogen. The following medications may be prescribed:

If the temperature rises to critical levels, you can give the child antipyretics. Babies are usually prescribed "Paracetamol", "" or "Panadol". The dosage is determined by the doctor, depending on the age and body weight of the child.

When does sinusitis occur? allergic reaction, to alleviate the condition, antihistamines are prescribed. It can be "Diazolin", "" or "Claritin".

folk therapy

Treatment with folk remedies is allowed and desirable, but only in combination with the main therapy. The following popular methods are used:

• washing the sinuses with saline at room temperature;
• inhalation with sea ​​salt and decoctions of medicinal herbs;
• acupressure of the bridge of the nose;
• breathing exercises.

If necessary, the attending physician will issue a referral for a course of physiotherapy. Such procedures will help to recover faster and prevent complications.

Important! In no case should you warm up the sinuses on your own, as this can only accelerate the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and lead to a serious complication.

Prevention

Sinusitis prevention includes:

• strengthening immunity;
• complete nutrition;
• frequent exposure to fresh air;
• timely cure for all colds;
• thorough cleaning of the mouth.

It is important to visit the dentist regularly and treat your teeth. This will protect against the development of caries, which, in turn, will significantly reduce the risk of developing sinusitis.

timely drug treatment prescribed by the doctor will help to avoid unpleasant complications sinusitis. The sooner the doctor examines the child, the better for his health and well-being. The baby will quickly restore normal nasal breathing and regain a positive mood.

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